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Nakamura Y, Fushimi Y, Hinoda T, Nakajima S, Sakata A, Okuchi S, Otani S, Tagawa H, Wang Y, Ikeda S, Kawashima H, Uemura MT, Nakamoto AY. Hemosiderin Detection inside the Mammillary Bodies Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping on Patients with Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome. Magn Reson Med Sci 2024; 23:14-17. [PMID: 36517008 PMCID: PMC10838722 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.ici.2022-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhage inside the mammillary bodies (MMBs) is known to be one of the findings of Wernicke encephalopathy. Brain MRI of two patients with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) demonstrated high susceptibility values representing hemosiderin deposition in MMBs by using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). QSM provided additional information of susceptibility values to susceptibility-weighted imaging in diagnosis of WKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Nakamura
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Fushimi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Hinoda
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakajima
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sakata
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sachi Okuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sayo Otani
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tagawa
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Kawashima
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maiko T Uemura
- Departments of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - and Yuji Nakamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
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Uemura MT, Suh E, Robinson JL, Brunden KR, Grossman M, Irwin DJ, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Lee EB, Van Deerlin VM. Abundant copathologies of polyglucosan bodies, frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions and ageing-related tau astrogliopathy in a family with a GBE1 mutation. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12865. [PMID: 36456471 PMCID: PMC9992093 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD) is a progressive neurogenetic disorder caused by 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme 1 (GBE1) mutation with an accumulation of polyglucosan bodies (PBs) in the central and peripheral nervous systems as a pathological hallmark. Here, we report two siblings in a family with a GBE1 mutation with prominent frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (FTLD-TDP) and ageing-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) copathologies with PBs in the central nervous system. METHODS Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) followed by Sanger sequencing (SS) was performed on three affected and two unaffected siblings in a pedigree diagnosed with familial frontotemporal dementia. Out of the affected siblings, autopsies were conducted on two cases, and brain samples were used for biochemical and histological analyses. Brain sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and immunostained with antibodies against ubiquitin, tau, amyloid β, α-synuclein, TDP-43 and fused in sarcoma (FUS). RESULTS A novel single nucleotide deletion in GBE1, c.1280delG, was identified, which is predicted to result in a reading frameshift, p.Gly427Glufs*9. This variant segregated with disease in the family, is absent from population databases and is predicted to cause loss of function, a known genetic mechanism for APBD. The affected siblings showed a greater than 50% decrease in GBE protein levels. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed widespread FTLD-TDP (type A) and ARTAG pathologies as well as PBs in the brains of two affected siblings for whom an autopsy was performed. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of a family with several individuals with a FTD clinical phenotype and underlying copathologies of APBD, FTLD-TDP and ARTAG with a segregating GBE1 loss-of-function mutation in affected siblings. The finding of copathologies of APBD and FTLD-TDP suggests these processes may share a disease mechanism resulting from this GBE1 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko T Uemura
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman school of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - EunRan Suh
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman school of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John L Robinson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman school of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman school of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Digital Neuropathology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman school of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman school of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman school of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman school of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Okuda S, Uemura N, Sawamura M, Taguchi T, Ikuno M, Uemura MT, Yamakado H, Takahashi R. Rapid Induction of Dopaminergic Neuron Loss Accompanied by Lewy Body-Like Inclusions in A53T BAC-SNCA Transgenic Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:289-304. [PMID: 34935120 PMCID: PMC9130450 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, is characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and intraneuronal α-synuclein (α-syn) inclusions. It is highly needed to establish a rodent model that recapitulates the clinicopathological features of PD within a short period to efficiently investigate the pathological mechanisms and test disease-modifying therapies. To this end, we analyzed three mouse lines, i.e., wild-type mice, wild-type human α-syn bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic (BAC-SNCA Tg) mice, and A53T human α-syn BAC transgenic (A53T BAC-SNCA Tg) mice, receiving dorsal striatum injections of human and mouse α-syn preformed fibrils (hPFFs and mPFFs, respectively). mPFF injections induced more severe α-syn pathology in most brain regions, including the ipsilateral SNpc, than hPFF injections in all genotypes at 1-month post-injection. Although these Tg mouse lines expressed a comparable amount of α-syn in the brains, the mPFF-injected A53T BAC-SNCA Tg mice exhibited the most severe α-syn pathology as early as 0.5-month post-injection. The mPFF-injected A53T BAC-SNCA Tg mice showed a 38% reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the ipsilateral SNpc, apomorphine-induced rotational behavior, and motor dysfunction at 2 months post-injection. These data indicate that the extent of α-syn pathology induced by α-syn PFF injection depends on the types of α-syn PFFs and exogenously expressed α-syn in Tg mice. The mPFF-injected A53T BAC-SNCA Tg mice recapitulate the key features of PD more rapidly than previously reported mouse models, suggesting their usefulness for testing disease-modifying therapies as well as analyzing the pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Okuda
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Norihito Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2676, USA.
| | - Masanori Sawamura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Taguchi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikuno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Maiko T Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute On Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2676, USA
| | - Hodaka Yamakado
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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Uemura MT, Robinson JL, Cousins KAQ, Tropea TF, Kargilis DC, McBride JD, Suh E, Xie SX, Xu Y, Porta S, Uemura N, Van Deerlin VM, Wolk DA, Irwin DJ, Brunden KR, Lee VMY, Lee EB, Trojanowski JQ. Distinct characteristics of limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy in Lewy body disease. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:15-31. [PMID: 34854996 PMCID: PMC9136643 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) is characterized by the accumulation of TAR-DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) aggregates in older adults. LATE coexists with Lewy body disease (LBD) as well as other neuropathological changes including Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to identify the pathological, clinical, and genetic characteristics of LATE in LBD (LATE-LBD) by comparing it with LATE in AD (LATE-AD), LATE with mixed pathology of LBD and AD (LATE-LBD + AD), and LATE alone (Pure LATE). We analyzed four cohorts of autopsy-confirmed LBD (n = 313), AD (n = 282), LBD + AD (n = 355), and aging (n = 111). We assessed the association of LATE with patient profiles including LBD subtype and AD neuropathologic change (ADNC). We studied the morphological and distributional differences between LATE-LBD and LATE-AD. By frequency analysis, we staged LATE-LBD and examined the association with cognitive impairment and genetic risk factors. Demographic analysis showed LATE associated with age in all four cohorts and the frequency of LATE was the highest in LBD + AD followed by AD, LBD, and Aging. LBD subtype and ADNC associated with LATE in LBD or AD but not in LBD + AD. Pathological analysis revealed that the hippocampal distribution of LATE was different between LATE-LBD and LATE-AD: neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions were more frequent in cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) in LATE-LBD compared to LATE-AD and abundant fine neurites composed of C-terminal truncated TDP-43 were found mainly in CA2 to subiculum in LATE-LBD, which were not as numerous in LATE-AD. Some of these fine neurites colocalized with phosphorylated α-synuclein. LATE-LBD staging showed LATE neuropathological changes spread in the dentate gyrus and brainstem earlier than in LATE-AD. The presence and prevalence of LATE in LBD associated with cognitive impairment independent of either LBD subtype or ADNC; LATE-LBD stage also associated with the genetic risk variants of TMEM106B rs1990622 and GRN rs5848. These data highlight clinicopathological and genetic features of LATE-LBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko T Uemura
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Maloney Building, 3rd Floor, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2676, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - John L Robinson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Maloney Building, 3rd Floor, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2676, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katheryn A Q Cousins
- Department of Neurology, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas F Tropea
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel C Kargilis
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer D McBride
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Maloney Building, 3rd Floor, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2676, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - EunRan Suh
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Maloney Building, 3rd Floor, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2676, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon X Xie
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Maloney Building, 3rd Floor, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2676, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sílvia Porta
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Maloney Building, 3rd Floor, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2676, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Norihito Uemura
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Maloney Building, 3rd Floor, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2676, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Maloney Building, 3rd Floor, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2676, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David A Wolk
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
- Penn Memory Center at the Penn Neuroscience Center, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Digital Neuropathology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4283, USA
- Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
- Penn Lewy Body Dementia Association Research Center of Excellence, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4283, USA
| | - Kurt R Brunden
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Maloney Building, 3rd Floor, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2676, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Maloney Building, 3rd Floor, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2676, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Maloney Building, 3rd Floor, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-2676, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Uemura N, Ueda J, Yoshihara T, Ikuno M, Uemura MT, Yamakado H, Asano M, Trojanowski JQ, Takahashi R. α-Synuclein Spread from Olfactory Bulb Causes Hyposmia, Anxiety, and Memory Loss in BAC-SNCA Mice. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2036-2047. [PMID: 33547846 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) show motor symptoms as well as various non-motor symptoms. Postmortem studies of PD have suggested that initial alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) pathology develops independently in the olfactory bulb and lower brainstem, spreading from there stereotypically. However, it remains unclear how these two pathological pathways contribute to the clinicopathological progression of PD. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the clinicopathological contribution of α-Syn spread from the olfactory bulb. METHODS We conducted pathological and behavioral analyses of human α-Syn bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice injected with α-Syn preformed fibrils into the bilateral olfactory bulb up to 10 months postinjection. RESULTS α-Syn preformed fibril injections induced more widespread α-Syn pathology in the transgenic mice than that in wild-type mice. Severe α-Syn pathology in the transgenic mice injected with α-Syn preformed fibrils was initially observed along the olfactory pathway and later in the brain regions that are included in the limbic system and have connections with it. The α-Syn pathology was accompanied by regional atrophy, neuron loss, reactive astrogliosis, and microglial activation, which were remarkable in the hippocampus. Behavioral analyses revealed hyposmia, followed by anxiety-like behavior and memory impairment, but not motor dysfunction, depression-like behavior, or circadian rhythm disturbance. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that α-Syn spread from the olfactory bulb mainly affects the olfactory pathway and limbic system as well as its related regions, leading to the development of hyposmia, anxiety, and memory loss in PD. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jun Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshihara
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikuno
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maiko T Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hodaka Yamakado
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Asano
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Taguchi T, Ikuno M, Hondo M, Parajuli LK, Taguchi K, Ueda J, Sawamura M, Okuda S, Nakanishi E, Hara J, Uemura N, Hatanaka Y, Ayaki T, Matsuzawa S, Tanaka M, El-Agnaf OMA, Koike M, Yanagisawa M, Uemura MT, Yamakado H, Takahashi R. α-Synuclein BAC transgenic mice exhibit RBD-like behaviour and hyposmia: a prodromal Parkinson's disease model. Brain 2020; 143:249-265. [PMID: 31816026 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is one of the most common movement disorders and is characterized by dopaminergic cell loss and the accumulation of pathological α-synuclein, but its precise pathogenetic mechanisms remain elusive. To develop disease-modifying therapies for Parkinson's disease, an animal model that recapitulates the pathology and symptoms of the disease, especially in the prodromal stage, is indispensable. As subjects with α-synuclein gene (SNCA) multiplication as well as point mutations develop familial Parkinson's disease and a genome-wide association study in Parkinson's disease has identified SNCA as a risk gene for Parkinson's disease, the increased expression of α-synuclein is closely associated with the aetiology of Parkinson's disease. In this study we generated bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice harbouring SNCA and its gene expression regulatory regions in order to maintain the native expression pattern of α-synuclein. Furthermore, to enhance the pathological properties of α-synuclein, we inserted into SNCA an A53T mutation, two single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified in a genome-wide association study in Parkinson's disease and a Rep1 polymorphism, all of which are causal of familial Parkinson's disease or increase the risk of sporadic Parkinson's disease. These A53T SNCA bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mice showed an expression pattern of human α-synuclein very similar to that of endogenous mouse α-synuclein. They expressed truncated, oligomeric and proteinase K-resistant phosphorylated forms of α-synuclein in the regions that are specifically affected in Parkinson's disease and/or dementia with Lewy bodies, including the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, striatum and substantia nigra. Surprisingly, these mice exhibited rapid eye movement (REM) sleep without atonia, which is a key feature of REM sleep behaviour disorder, at as early as 5 months of age. Consistent with this observation, the REM sleep-regulating neuronal populations in the lower brainstem, including the sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus, nuclei in the ventromedial medullary reticular formation and the pedunculopontine nuclei, expressed phosphorylated α-synuclein. In addition, they also showed hyposmia at 9 months of age, which is consistent with the significant accumulation of phosphorylated α-synuclein in the olfactory bulb. The dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta degenerated, and their number was decreased in an age-dependent manner by up to 17.1% at 18 months of age compared to wild-type, although the mice did not show any related locomotor dysfunction. In conclusion, we created a novel mouse model of prodromal Parkinson's disease that showed RBD-like behaviour and hyposmia without motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Taguchi
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikuno
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mari Hondo
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), The University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Laxmi Kumar Parajuli
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Taguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Ueda
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Sawamura
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Okuda
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Etsuro Nakanishi
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junko Hara
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihito Uemura
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hatanaka
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Ayaki
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuzawa
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), The University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Maiko T Uemura
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hodaka Yamakado
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Ding R, Hase Y, Ameen-Ali KE, Ndung'u M, Stevenson W, Barsby J, Gourlay R, Akinyemi T, Akinyemi R, Uemura MT, Polvikoski T, Mukaetova-Ladinska E, Ihara M, Kalaria RN. Loss of capillary pericytes and the blood-brain barrier in white matter in poststroke and vascular dementias and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2020; 30:1087-1101. [PMID: 32705757 PMCID: PMC8018063 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter (WM) disease is associated with disruption of the gliovascular unit, which involves breach of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). We quantified pericytes as components of the gliovascular unit and assessed their status in vascular and other common dementias. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent methods were developed to assess the distribution and quantification of pericytes connected to the frontal lobe WM capillaries. Pericytes with a nucleus were identified by collagen 4 (COL4) and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐β (PDGFR‐β) antibodies with further verification using PDGFR‐β‐specific ELISA. We evaluated a total of 124 post‐mortem brains from subjects with post‐stroke dementia (PSD), vascular dementia (VaD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), AD‐VaD (Mixed) and post‐stroke non‐demented (PSND) stroke survivors as well as normal aging controls. COL4 and PDGFR‐β reactive pericytes adopted the characteristic “crescent” or nodule‐like shapes around capillary walls. We estimated densities of pericyte somata to be 225 ±38 and 200 ±13 (SEM) per COL4 mm2 area or 2.0 ± 0.1 and 1.7 ± 0.1 per mm capillary length in young and older aging controls. Remarkably, WM pericytes were reduced by ~35%–45% in the frontal lobe of PSD, VaD, Mixed and AD subjects compared to PSND and controls subjects (P < 0.001). We also found pericyte numbers were correlated with PDGFR‐β reactivity in the WM. Our results first demonstrate a reliable method to quantify COL4‐positive pericytes and then, indicate that deep WM pericytes are decreased across different dementias including PSD, VaD, Mixed and AD. Our findings suggest that downregulation of pericytes is associated with the disruption of the BBB in the deep WM in several aging‐related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Ding
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yoshiki Hase
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kamar E Ameen-Ali
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael Ndung'u
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - William Stevenson
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Joseph Barsby
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ryan Gourlay
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tolulope Akinyemi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Rufus Akinyemi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Maiko T Uemura
- Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tuomo Polvikoski
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Neurovascular Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Uemura MT, Maki T, Ihara M, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ. Brain Microvascular Pericytes in Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:80. [PMID: 32317958 PMCID: PMC7171590 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are unique, multi-functional mural cells localized at the abluminal side of the perivascular space in microvessels. Originally discovered in 19th century, pericytes had drawn less attention until decades ago mainly due to lack of specific markers. Recently, however, a growing body of evidence has revealed that pericytes play various important roles: development and maintenance of blood–brain barrier (BBB), regulation of the neurovascular system (e.g., vascular stability, vessel formation, cerebral blood flow, etc.), trafficking of inflammatory cells, clearance of toxic waste products from the brain, and acquisition of stem cell-like properties. In the neurovascular unit, pericytes perform these functions through coordinated crosstalk with neighboring cells including endothelial, glial, and neuronal cells. Dysfunction of pericytes contribute to a wide variety of diseases that lead to cognitive impairments such as cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), acute stroke, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and other neurological disorders. For instance, in SVDs, pericyte degeneration leads to microvessel instability and demyelination while in stroke, pericyte constriction after ischemia causes a no-reflow phenomenon in brain capillaries. In AD, which shares some common risk factors with vascular dementia, reduction in pericyte coverage and subsequent microvascular impairments are observed in association with white matter attenuation and contribute to impaired cognition. Pericyte loss causes BBB-breakdown, which stagnates amyloid β clearance and the leakage of neurotoxic molecules into the brain parenchyma. In this review, we first summarize the characteristics of brain microvessel pericytes, and their roles in the central nervous system. Then, we focus on how dysfunctional pericytes contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment including cerebral ‘small vessel’ and ‘large vessel’ diseases, as well as AD. Finally, we discuss therapeutic implications for these disorders by targeting pericytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko T Uemura
- Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,JSPS Overseas Research Fellowship Program, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takakuni Maki
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Uemura N, Yagi H, Uemura MT, Yamakado H, Takahashi R. Limited spread of pathology within the brainstem of α-synuclein BAC transgenic mice inoculated with preformed fibrils into the gastrointestinal tract. Neurosci Lett 2019; 716:134651. [PMID: 31783082 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is pathologically characterized by intraneuronal α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates called Lewy bodies (LBs) as well as the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). On the basis of autopsy studies, Braak et al. hypothesized that Lewy pathology initially occurs in the enteric nervous system, subsequently spreading to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (dmX) and then ascending in the brainstem to the SNpc. However, this hypothetical progression lacks adequate experimental evidence. We previously reported that inoculation of α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the gastric wall of wild-type (WT) mice induced LB-like α-Syn aggregates in the dmX via the vagus nerve. However, α-Syn pathology did not spread beyond the dmX up to 12 months postinoculation. In the present study, we inoculated α-Syn PFFs into the gastric wall of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice harboring the human α-Syn gene with an A53 T mutation and analyzed the pathology. The transgenic mice had ∼1.5-fold overexpression of α-Syn in the brains and ∼6-fold overexpression of α-Syn in the stomach compared with WT mice. After inoculation of α-Syn PFFs, the transgenic mice developed a higher number of phosphorylated α-Syn (p-α-Syn)-positive neurons in the dmX compared with similarly inoculated WT mice. However, the number of p-α-Syn-positive neurons in the dmX decreased over time, and α-Syn pathology was not observed in other brain regions except in the ambiguous nucleus up to 8 months postinoculation. Taken together, BAC transgenic expression of α-Syn facilitated induction of α-Syn pathology in the brainstem, but not subsequent caudo-rostral spread in accordance with Braak's hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Yagi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Sustainability Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Maiko T Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hodaka Yamakado
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
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Uemura N, Uemura MT, Lo A, Bassil F, Zhang B, Luk KC, Lee VMY, Takahashi R, Trojanowski JQ. Slow Progressive Accumulation of Oligodendroglial Alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) Pathology in Synthetic α-Syn Fibril-Induced Mouse Models of Synucleinopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:877-890. [PMID: 31504665 PMCID: PMC6934438 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are composed of Parkinson disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) forms aggregates mainly in neurons in PD and DLB, while oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregates are characteristic of MSA. Recent studies have demonstrated that injections of synthetic α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the brains of wild-type (WT) animals induce intraneuronal α-Syn aggregates and the subsequent interneuronal transmission of α-Syn aggregates. However, injections of α-Syn PFFs or even brain lysates of patients with MSA have not been reported to induce oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregates, raising questions about the pathogenesis of oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregates in MSA. Here, we report that WT mice injected with mouse α-Syn (m-α-Syn) PFFs develop neuronal α-Syn pathology after short postinjection (PI) intervals on the scale of weeks, while oligodendroglial α-Syn pathology emerges after longer PI intervals of several months. Abundant oligodendroglial α-Syn pathology in white matter at later time points is reminiscent of MSA. Furthermore, comparison between young and aged mice injected with m-α-Syn PFFs revealed that PI intervals rather than aging correlate with oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregation. These results provide novel insights into the pathological mechanisms of oligodendroglial α-Syn aggregation in MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Uemura
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maiko T Uemura
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Angela Lo
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fares Bassil
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bin Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Virginia M -Y Lee
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyoku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Uemura N, Yagi H, Uemura MT, Hatanaka Y, Yamakado H, Takahashi R. Inoculation of α-synuclein preformed fibrils into the mouse gastrointestinal tract induces Lewy body-like aggregates in the brainstem via the vagus nerve. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:21. [PMID: 29751824 PMCID: PMC5948849 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraneuronal α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates known as Lewy bodies (LBs) and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) are the pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). Braak's hypothesis based on autopsy studies suggests that Lewy pathology initially occurs in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and then travels retrogradely to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (dmX), proceeding from there in a caudo-rostral direction. Recent evidence that α-Syn aggregates propagate between interconnected neurons supports this hypothesis. However, there is no direct evidence demonstrating this transmission from the ENS to the dmX and then to the SNpc. METHODS We inoculated α-Syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) into the mouse gastric wall and analyzed the progression of the pathology. RESULTS The mice inoculated with α-Syn PFFs, but not with PBS, developed phosphorylated α-Syn (p-α-Syn)-positive LB-like aggregates in the dmX at 45 days postinoculation. This aggregate formation was completely abolished when vagotomy was performed prior to inoculation of α-Syn PFFs, suggesting that the aggregates in the dmX were retrogradely induced via the vagus nerve. Unexpectedly, the number of neurons containing p-α-Syn-positive aggregates in the dmX decreased over time, and no further caudo-rostral propagation beyond the dmX was observed up to 12 months postinoculation. P-α-Syn-positive aggregates were also present in the myenteric plexus at 12 months postinoculation. However, unlike in patients with PD, there was no cell-type specificity in neurons containing those aggregates in this model. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that α-Syn PFF inoculation into the mouse gastrointestinal tract can induce α-Syn pathology resembling that of very early PD, but other factors are apparently required if further progression of PD pathology is to be replicated in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Kyoto, Sakyoku, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Yagi
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori, Tottori, 680-8550, Japan
| | - Maiko T Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Kyoto, Sakyoku, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hatanaka
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Kyoto, Sakyoku, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hodaka Yamakado
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Kyoto, Sakyoku, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawaharacho, Kyoto, Sakyoku, 606-8507, Japan.
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Uemura MT, Asano T, Hikawa R, Yamakado H, Takahashi R. Zonisamide inhibits monoamine oxidase and enhances motor performance and social activity. Neurosci Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Uemura MT, Ihara M, Maki T, Nakagomi T, Kaji S, Uemura K, Matsuyama T, Kalaria RN, Kinoshita A, Takahashi R. Pericyte-derived bone morphogenetic protein 4 underlies white matter damage after chronic hypoperfusion. Brain Pathol 2017; 28:521-535. [PMID: 28470822 PMCID: PMC6099372 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcortical small vessel disease (SVD) is characterized by white matter damage resulting from arteriolosclerosis and chronic hypoperfusion. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) is dysregulated in the hereditary SVD, CARASIL (cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy). However, very little is known about the role of the largest group in the TGFB superfamily - the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) - in SVD pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to characterize signaling abnormalities of BMPs in sporadic SVD. We examined immunostaining of TGFB1 and BMPs (BMP2/BMP4/BMP6/BMP7/BMP9) in a total of 19 post-mortem human brain samples as follows: 7 SVD patients (4 males, 76-90 years old); 6 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients (2 males, 67-93 years old) and 6 age-matched disease controls (3 males, 68-78 years old). We subsequently investigated the effects of oxygen-glucose deprivation and BMP4 addition on cultured cells. Furthermore, adult mice were subjected to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion using bilateral common carotid artery stenosis, followed by continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of the BMP antagonist, noggin. In the SVD cases, BMP4 was highly expressed in white matter pericytes. Oxygen-glucose deprivation induced BMP4 expression in cultured pericytes in vitro. Recombinant BMP4 increased the number of cultured endothelial cells and pericytes and converted oligodendrocyte precursor cells into astrocytes. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in vivo also upregulated BMP4 with concomitant white matter astrogliogenesis and reduced oligodendrocyte lineage cells, both of which were suppressed by intracerebroventricular noggin infusion. Our findings suggest ischemic white matter damage evolves in parallel with BMP4 upregulation in pericytes. BMP4 promotes angiogenesis, but induces astrogliogenesis at the expense of oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation and maturation, thereby aggravating white matter damage. This may explain white matter vulnerability to chronic hypoperfusion. The regulation of BMP4 signaling is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating SVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko T Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takakuni Maki
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagomi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Seiji Kaji
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Uemura
- Department of Neurology, Ishiki Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuyama
- Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ayae Kinoshita
- School of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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