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Yang FN, Picchioni D, de Zwart JA, Wang Y, van Gelderen P, Duyn JH. Reproducible, data-driven characterization of sleep based on brain dynamics and transitions from whole-night fMRI. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.24.24306208. [PMID: 38903093 PMCID: PMC11188122 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.24306208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the function of sleep requires studying the dynamics of brain activity across whole-night sleep and their transitions. However, current gold standard polysomnography (PSG) has limited spatial resolution to track brain activity. Additionally, previous fMRI studies were too short to capture full sleep stages and their cycling. To study whole-brain dynamics and transitions across whole-night sleep, we used an unsupervised learning approach, the Hidden Markov model (HMM), on two-night, 16-hour fMRI recordings of 12 non-sleep-deprived participants who reached all PSG-based sleep stages. This method identified 21 recurring brain states and their transition probabilities, beyond PSG-defined sleep stages. The HMM trained on one night accurately predicted the other, demonstrating unprecedented reproducibility. We also found functionally relevant subdivisions within rapid eye movement (REM) and within non-REM 2 stages. This study provides new insights into brain dynamics and transitions during sleep, aiding our understanding of sleep disorders that impact sleep transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Nils Yang
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dante Picchioni
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacco A. de Zwart
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yicun Wang
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter van Gelderen
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeff H. Duyn
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Xu J, Wiemken A, Langham MC, Rao H, Nabbout M, Caporale AS, Schwab RJ, Detre JA, Wehrli FW. Sleep-stage-dependent alterations in cerebral oxygen metabolism quantified by magnetic resonance. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25313. [PMID: 38415989 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A key function of sleep is to provide a regular period of reduced brain metabolism, which is critical for maintenance of healthy brain function. The purpose of this work was to quantify the sleep-stage-dependent changes in brain energetics in terms of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2 ) as a function of sleep stage using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) during sleep in the scanner. Twenty-two young and older subjects with regular sleep hygiene and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in the normal range were recruited for the study. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and venous oxygen saturation (SvO2 ) were obtained simultaneously at 3 Tesla field strength and 2.7-s temporal resolution during an 80-min time series using OxFlow, an in-house developed imaging sequence. The method yields whole-brain CMRO2 in absolute physiologic units via Fick's Principle. Nineteen subjects yielded evaluable data free of subject motion artifacts. Among these subjects, 10 achieved slow-wave (N3) sleep, 16 achieved N2 sleep, and 19 achieved N1 sleep while undergoing the MRI protocol during scanning. Mean CMRO2 was 98 ± 7(μmol min-1 )/100 g awake, declining progressively toward deepest sleep stage: 94 ± 10.8 (N1), 91 ± 11.4 (N2), and 76 ± 9.0 μmol min-1 /100 g (N3), with each level differing significantly from the wake state. The technology described is able to quantify cerebral oxygen metabolism in absolute physiologic units along with non-REM sleep stage, indicating brain oxygen consumption to be closely associated with depth of sleep, with deeper sleep stages exhibiting progressively lower CMRO2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiological, and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Wiemken
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael C Langham
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiological, and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marianne Nabbout
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiological, and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alessandra S Caporale
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiological, and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio University' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), 'G. d'Annunzio University' of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Richard J Schwab
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John A Detre
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Felix W Wehrli
- Laboratory for Structural, Physiological, and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Helakari H, Järvelä M, Väyrynen T, Tuunanen J, Piispala J, Kallio M, Ebrahimi SM, Poltojainen V, Kananen J, Elabasy A, Huotari N, Raitamaa L, Tuovinen T, Korhonen V, Nedergaard M, Kiviniemi V. Effect of sleep deprivation and NREM sleep stage on physiological brain pulsations. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1275184. [PMID: 38105924 PMCID: PMC10722275 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1275184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sleep increases brain fluid transport and the power of pulsations driving the fluids. We investigated how sleep deprivation or electrophysiologically different stages of non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep affect the human brain pulsations. Methods Fast functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed in healthy subjects (n = 23) with synchronous electroencephalography (EEG), that was used to verify arousal states (awake, N1 and N2 sleep). Cardiorespiratory rates were verified with physiological monitoring. Spectral power analysis assessed the strength, and spectral entropy assessed the stability of the pulsations. Results In N1 sleep, the power of vasomotor (VLF < 0.1 Hz), but not cardiorespiratory pulsations, intensified after sleep deprived vs. non-sleep deprived subjects. The power of all three pulsations increased as a function of arousal state (N2 > N1 > awake) encompassing brain tissue in both sleep stages, but extra-axial CSF spaces only in N2 sleep. Spectral entropy of full band and respiratory pulsations decreased most in N2 sleep stage, while cardiac spectral entropy increased in ventricles. Discussion In summary, the sleep deprivation and sleep depth, both increase the power and harmonize the spectral content of human brain pulsations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta Helakari
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Järvelä
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tommi Väyrynen
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Tuunanen
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Piispala
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Kallio
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Seyed Mohsen Ebrahimi
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Valter Poltojainen
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Janne Kananen
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ahmed Elabasy
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niko Huotari
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lauri Raitamaa
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Tuovinen
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Korhonen
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center of Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center of Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Vesa Kiviniemi
- Oulu Functional Neuroimaging (OFNI), Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Zhang S, Goodale SE, Gold BP, Morgan VL, Englot DJ, Chang C. Vigilance associates with the low-dimensional structure of fMRI data. Neuroimage 2023; 267:119818. [PMID: 36535323 PMCID: PMC10074161 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain exhibits rich dynamics that reflect ongoing functional states. Patterns in fMRI data, detected in a data-driven manner, have uncovered recurring configurations that relate to individual and group differences in behavioral, cognitive, and clinical traits. However, resolving the neural and physiological processes that underlie such measurements is challenging, particularly without external measurements of brain state. A growing body of work points to underlying changes in vigilance as one driver of time-windowed fMRI connectivity states, calculated on the order of tens of seconds. Here we examine the degree to which the low-dimensional spatial structure of instantaneous fMRI activity is associated with vigilance levels, by testing whether vigilance-state detection can be carried out in an unsupervised manner based on individual BOLD time frames. To investigate this question, we first reduce the spatial dimensionality of fMRI data, and apply Gaussian Mixture Modeling to cluster the resulting low-dimensional data without any a priori vigilance information. Our analysis includes long-duration task and resting-state scans that are conducive to shifts in vigilance. We observe a close alignment between low-dimensional fMRI states (data-driven clusters) and measurements of vigilance derived from concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) and behavior. Whole-brain coactivation analysis revealed cortical anti-correlation patterns that resided primarily during higher behavioral- and EEG-defined levels of vigilance, while cortical activity was more often spatially uniform in states corresponding to lower vigilance. Overall, these findings indicate that vigilance states may be detected in the low-dimensional structure of fMRI data, even within individual time frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 400 24th Avenue S., Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
| | - Sarah E Goodale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin P Gold
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 400 24th Avenue S., Nashville, TN 37212, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Victoria L Morgan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dario J Englot
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 400 24th Avenue S., Nashville, TN 37212, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Catie Chang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 400 24th Avenue S., Nashville, TN 37212, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Sharma A, Feng L, Muresanu DF, Tian ZR, Lafuente JV, Buzoianu AD, Nozari A, Bryukhovetskiy I, Manzhulo I, Wiklund L, Sharma HS. Nanowired Delivery of Cerebrolysin Together with Antibodies to Amyloid Beta Peptide, Phosphorylated Tau, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Induces Superior Neuroprotection in Alzheimer's Disease Brain Pathology Exacerbated by Sleep Deprivation. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 32:3-53. [PMID: 37480458 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32997-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation induces amyloid beta peptide and phosphorylated tau deposits in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid together with altered serotonin metabolism. Thus, it is likely that sleep deprivation is one of the predisposing factors in precipitating Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain pathology. Our previous studies indicate significant brain pathology following sleep deprivation or AD. Keeping these views in consideration in this review, nanodelivery of monoclonal antibodies to amyloid beta peptide (AβP), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in sleep deprivation-induced AD is discussed based on our own investigations. Our results suggest that nanowired delivery of monoclonal antibodies to AβP with p-tau and TNF-α induces superior neuroprotection in AD caused by sleep deprivation, not reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lianyuan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dafin F Muresanu
- Department Clinical Neurosciences, University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Z Ryan Tian
- Department Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - José Vicente Lafuente
- LaNCE, Department Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Anca D Buzoianu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ala Nozari
- Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Igor Bryukhovetskiy
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Manzhulo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Lars Wiklund
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hari Shanker Sharma
- International Experimental Central Nervous System Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
The conventional wisdom that sleep is a global state, affecting the whole brain uniformly and simultaneously, was overturned by the discovery of local sleep, where individual neuronal populations were found to be asleep and the rest of the brain awake. However, due to the difficulty of monitoring local neuronal states in humans, our understanding of local sleep remains limited. Using simultaneous functional MRI (fMRI) and electroencephalography, we find that the oscillations of brain hemodynamic activity provide signatures of sleep at a local neuronal population level. We show that the fMRI signatures of sleep can be employed to monitor local neuronal states and investigate which brain regions are the first to fall asleep or wake up at wake–sleep transitions. Sleep can be distinguished from wake by changes in brain electrical activity, typically assessed using electroencephalography (EEG). The hallmark of nonrapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep is the shift from high-frequency, low-amplitude wake EEG to low-frequency, high-amplitude sleep EEG dominated by spindles and slow waves. Here we identified signatures of sleep in brain hemodynamic activity, using simultaneous functional MRI (fMRI) and EEG. We found that, at the transition from wake to sleep, fMRI blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) activity evolved from a mixed-frequency pattern to one dominated by two distinct oscillations: a low-frequency (<0.1 Hz) oscillation prominent in light sleep and correlated with the occurrence of spindles, and a high-frequency oscillation (>0.1 Hz) prominent in deep sleep and correlated with the occurrence of slow waves. The two oscillations were both detectable across the brain but exhibited distinct spatiotemporal patterns. During the falling-asleep process, the low-frequency oscillation first appeared in the thalamus, then the posterior cortex, and lastly the frontal cortex, while the high-frequency oscillation first appeared in the midbrain, then the frontal cortex, and lastly the posterior cortex. During the waking-up process, both oscillations disappeared first from the thalamus, then the frontal cortex, and lastly the posterior cortex. The BOLD oscillations provide local signatures of spindle and slow wave activity. They may be employed to monitor the regional occurrence of sleep or wakefulness, track which regions are the first to fall asleep or wake up at the wake–sleep transitions, and investigate local homeostatic sleep processes.
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Zou G, Liu J, Zou Q, Gao JH. A-PASS: An automated pipeline to analyze simultaneously acquired EEG-fMRI data for studying brain activities during sleep. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35878599 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac83f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Concurrent electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) signals can be used to uncover the nature of brain activities during sleep. However, analyzing simultaneously acquired EEG-fMRI data is extremely time consuming and experience dependent. Thus, we developed a pipeline, which we named A-PASS, to automatically analyze simultaneously acquired EEG-fMRI data for studying brain activities during sleep. APPROACH A deep learning model was trained on a sleep EEG-fMRI dataset from 45 subjects and used to perform sleep stage scoring. Various fMRI indices can be calculated with A-PASS to depict the neurophysiological characteristics across different sleep stages. We tested the performance of A-PASS on an independent sleep EEG-fMRI dataset from 28 subjects. Statistical maps regarding the main effect of sleep stages and differences between each pair of stages of fMRI indices were generated and compared using both A-PASS and manual processing methods. MAIN RESULTS The deep learning model implemented in A-PASS achieved both an accuracy and F1-score higher than 70% for sleep stage classification on EEG data acquired during fMRI scanning. The statistical maps generated from A-PASS largely resembled those produced from manually scored stages plus a combination of multiple software programs. SIGNIFICANCE A-PASS allowed efficient EEG-fMRI data processing without manual operation and could serve as a reliable and powerful tool for simultaneous EEG-fMRI studies on sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Zou
- Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, Beijing, 100871, CHINA
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, Beijing, 100871, CHINA
| | - Qihong Zou
- Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, Beijing, 100871, CHINA
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China, Beijing, 100871, CHINA
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Jiang K, Xu Y, Li Y, Li L, Yang M, Xue P. How aerobic exercise improves executive function in ADHD children: a resting-state fMRI study. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:295-302. [PMID: 35274372 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to explore the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) characteristics of the improvement in executive function by aerobic exercise in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Seventeen children with ADHD were selected for 8 weeks of rope skipping aerobic training, and fMRI findings and executive function were examined before and after training. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and degree centrality (DC) indexes were used in fMRI analysis, while the flanker task was used to test executive function. A paired t-test was used to compare the fMRI indexes and response time of executive function before and after training. After aerobic exercise, the brain regions in which the ReHo value of ADHD children significantly increased included the left middle frontal gyrus and the right superior frontal gyrus; the brain region in which the DC value increased was the right posterior cingulate cortex. The flanker task response time decreased significantly (P<0.05, after correction) after aerobic exercise. The study findings support the hypothesis that aerobic exercise can improve the executive function of ADHD children, and the brain mechanism involved is mainly related to the enhancement of spontaneous pre-frontal lobe activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihua Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, China
| | - Mingmei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, China
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Picchioni D, Özbay PS, Mandelkow H, de Zwart JA, Wang Y, van Gelderen P, Duyn JH. Autonomic arousals contribute to brain fluid pulsations during sleep. Neuroimage 2022; 249:118888. [PMID: 35017126 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.118888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During sleep, slow waves of neuro-electrical activity engulf the human brain and aid in the consolidation of memories. Recent research suggests that these slow waves may also promote brain health by facilitating the removal of metabolic waste, possibly by orchestrating the pulsatile flow of cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) through local neural control over vascular tone. To investigate the role of slow waves in the generation of CSF pulsations, we analyzed functional MRI data obtained across the full sleep-wake cycle and during a respiratory task during wakefulness. This revealed a novel generating mechanism that relies on the autonomic regulation of cerebral vascular tone without requiring slow electrocortical activity or even sleep. Therefore, the role of CSF pulsations in brain waste clearance may, in part, depend on proper autoregulatory control of cerebral blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Picchioni
- Advance MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pinar S Özbay
- Advance MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hendrik Mandelkow
- Advance MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jacco A de Zwart
- Advance MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yicun Wang
- Advance MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peter van Gelderen
- Advance MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeff H Duyn
- Advance MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland.
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Li Y, Zou G, Shao Y, Yao P, Liu J, Zhou S, Hu S, Xu J, Guo Y, Gao JH, Zou Q, Sun H. Sleep discrepancy is associated with alterations in the salience network in patients with insomnia disorder: An EEG-fMRI study. NEUROIMAGE: CLINICAL 2022; 35:103111. [PMID: 35863180 PMCID: PMC9421431 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous EEG-fMRI was used to clarify the association between the brain functional connectivity and sleep discrepancy between self-report and polysomnography in patients with insomnia disorder. An altered anterior insula-based connectivity across wakefulness and all NREM stages. Sleep discrepancy was significantly associated with anterior insula–putamen/thalamus connectivity during wakefulness.
Background Positron emission tomography – computed tomography (PET-CT) research has shown that sleep discrepancy recorded by self-report and polysomnography (PSG) may be related to the altered metabolic rate of the anterior insula (aINS) during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in patients with insomnia disorder. We aim to explore the functional connectivity of aINS across wake and NREM sleep in the patients and to reveal the association between aINS connectivity and sleep discrepancy. Methods Patients with insomnia disorder (n = 33) and healthy controls (n = 31) underwent simultaneous electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) during nighttime sleep, and aINS-based connectivity was calculated across wake and NREM sleep. A linear mixed-effects model was used to assess the main effect of group and group-by-stage (wake, NREM stages 1–3) interaction effect on aINS connectivity. Similar mixed models were used to assess the potential correlation between aINS connectivity and the sleep misperception index (MI). Results A significant group-by-stage interaction effect on aINS-based connectivity was observed in the bilateral frontal gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, bilateral middle occipital gyrus and right postcentral gyrus (p < 0.05, corrected). There was also a significant group-by-MI interaction effect on aINS connectivity with the putamen and thalamus during wakefulness (p < 0.05 corrected); MI was significantly associated with aINS–putamen/thalamus connectivity in the control group, whereas the association was weak or even nonsignificant in the patient group. There was no significant main effect of group. Conclusion The waking activity of a neural pathway containing the aINS, putamen, and thalamus may underlie sleep perception, potentially providing important perspectives to reveal complex mechanisms of sleep discrepancy between self-report and PSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhen Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Behavioral Neurology and Clinical Psychology, Sleep Center, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyuan Zou
- Beijing City Key Laboratory for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Beijing City Key Laboratory for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqin Zhou
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sifan Hu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of International Business, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yupeng Guo
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Beijing City Key Laboratory for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Qihong Zou
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
| | - Hongqiang Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
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11
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Bieber RE, Fernandez K, Zalewski C, Cheng H, Brewer CC. Stability of Early Auditory Evoked Potential Components Over Extended Test-Retest Intervals in Young Adults. Ear Hear 2021; 41:1461-1469. [PMID: 33136623 PMCID: PMC8849594 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000000872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Synaptic damage from noise exposures can occur even in the absence of changes in hearing sensitivity in animal models. There is an unmet clinical need for measurements sensitive to such damage to the human auditory system that can augment the pure-tone audiogram. Early components (i.e., <10 msec) of the auditory evoked potential (AEP) may be useful noninvasive indicators of synaptic integrity. Wave I is a measure of synchronous neural activity at the level of the synapse between cochlear inner hair cells and the auditory nerve and may be of particular clinical utility. This amplitude measure has historically been classified as too variable in humans to be used for clinical waveform interpretation, though several recent reliability studies have challenged this view. The focus of the present study is to examine across-session stability of early AEP amplitude measures. DESIGN In this study, amplitudes of early components (wave I, wave V, summating potential [SP]) of the AEP were measured in a cohort of 38 young adults aged 19 to 33 years (21 female). Stability of these amplitude measures was examined in a subset of 12 young adults (8 female), at time intervals ranging from 15 hr to 328 days between tests. Eligibility criteria included normal pure-tone hearing sensitivity, normal tympanometry, and intact acoustic reflexes. Participants were tested at up to four time points. Each evaluation included pure-tone thresholds, tympanometry, speech-in-noise testing, distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE), and early AEPs. AEPs were collected in response to click and tone burst stimuli, with both ear canal and mastoid electrode montages. RESULTS No clinical changes in pure-tone hearing were found between baseline and follow-up visits. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) indicated good to excellent reliability for wave I and wave V peak-to-trough amplitudes within individuals across time, with greatest reliability (0.92, 95% confidence interval [0.81 to 0.96]) and largest amplitudes for wave I when measured from the ear canal in response to a click stimulus. Other measures such as amplitude ratios of waves V/I and the SP and action potential (AP) showed lower ICC values when measured from the ear canal, with SP/AP ratio demonstrating the lowest reliability. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that, when recorded under certain conditions, wave I amplitude can be a stable measure in humans. These findings are consistent with previous work and may inform the development of clinical protocols that utilize wave I amplitude to infer inner ear integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Bieber
- University of Maryland College Park, College Park MD
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katharine Fernandez
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chris Zalewski
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hui Cheng
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Carmen C. Brewer
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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12
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Houldin E, Fang Z, Ray LB, Stojanoski B, Owen AM, Fogel SM. Reversed and increased functional connectivity in non-REM sleep suggests an altered rather than reduced state of consciousness relative to wake. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11943. [PMID: 34099771 PMCID: PMC8184935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep resting state network (RSN) functional connectivity (FC) is poorly understood, particularly for rapid eye movement (REM), and in non-sleep deprived subjects. REM and non-REM (NREM) sleep involve competing drives; towards hypersynchronous cortical oscillations in NREM; and towards wake-like desynchronized oscillations in REM. This study employed simultaneous electroencephalography-functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) to explore whether sleep RSN FC reflects these opposing drives. As hypothesized, this was confirmed for the majority of functional connections modulated by sleep. Further, changes were directional: e.g., positive wake correlations trended towards negative correlations in NREM and back towards positive correlations in REM. Moreover, the majority did not merely reduce magnitude, but actually either reversed and strengthened in the opposite direction, or increased in magnitude during NREM. This finding supports the notion that NREM is best expressed as having altered, rather than reduced FC. Further, as many of these functional connections comprised “higher-order” RSNs (which have been previously linked to cognition and consciousness), such as the default mode network, this finding is suggestive of possibly concomitant alterations to cognition and consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Houldin
- Brain & Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Western University, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Western University, 1151 Richmond St. N., London, N6A 3K7, Canada.,Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhuo Fang
- Brain & Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Western University, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Laura B Ray
- Brain & Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Western University, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.,The Royal's Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Bobby Stojanoski
- Brain & Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Western University, London, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Adrian M Owen
- Brain & Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Western University, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, N6A 5C2, Canada
| | - Stuart M Fogel
- Brain & Mind Institute, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Western University, London, N6A 5B7, Canada. .,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Canada. .,The Royal's Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, Western University, London, N6A 5C2, Canada. .,School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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13
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Goodale SE, Ahmed N, Zhao C, de Zwart JA, Özbay PS, Picchioni D, Duyn J, Englot DJ, Morgan VL, Chang C. fMRI-based detection of alertness predicts behavioral response variability. eLife 2021; 10:62376. [PMID: 33960930 PMCID: PMC8104962 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Levels of alertness are closely linked with human behavior and cognition. However, while functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows for investigating whole-brain dynamics during behavior and task engagement, concurrent measures of alertness (such as EEG or pupillometry) are often unavailable. Here, we extract a continuous, time-resolved marker of alertness from fMRI data alone. We demonstrate that this fMRI alertness marker, calculated in a short pre-stimulus interval, captures trial-to-trial behavioral responses to incoming sensory stimuli. In addition, we find that the prediction of both EEG and behavioral responses during the task may be accomplished using only a small fraction of fMRI voxels. Furthermore, we observe that accounting for alertness appears to increase the statistical detection of task-activated brain areas. These findings have broad implications for augmenting a large body of existing datasets with information about ongoing arousal states, enriching fMRI studies of neural variability in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Goodale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Nafis Ahmed
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Jacco A de Zwart
- Advanced MRI Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Pinar S Özbay
- Advanced MRI Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Dante Picchioni
- Advanced MRI Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Jeff Duyn
- Advanced MRI Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Dario J Englot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Victoria L Morgan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | - Catie Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
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14
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Zou G, Xu J, Zhou S, Liu J, Su ZH, Zou Q, Gao JH. Functional MRI of arousals in nonrapid eye movement sleep. Sleep 2021; 43:5573984. [PMID: 31555827 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arousals commonly occur during human sleep and have been associated with several sleep disorders. Arousals are characterized as an abrupt electroencephalography (EEG) frequency change to higher frequencies during sleep. However, the human brain regions involved in arousal are not yet clear. Simultaneous EEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were recorded during the early portion of the sleep period in healthy young adults. Arousals were identified based on the EEG data, and fMRI signal changes associated with 83 arousals from 19 subjects were analyzed. Subcortical regions, including the midbrain, thalamus, basal ganglia, and cerebellum, were activated with arousal. Cortices, including the temporal gyrus, occipital gyrus, and frontal gyrus, were deactivated with arousal. The activations associated with arousal in the subcortical regions were consistent with previous findings of subcortical involvement in behavioral arousal and consciousness. Cortical deactivations may serve as a mechanism to direct incoming sensory stimuli to specific brain regions, thereby monitoring environmental perturbations during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Zou
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of International Business, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqin Zhou
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Hui Su
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Qihong Zou
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Piorecky M, Koudelka V, Miletinova E, Buskova J, Strobl J, Horacek J, Brunovsky M, Jiricek S, Hlinka J, Tomecek D, Piorecka V. Simultaneous fMRI-EEG-Based Characterisation of NREM Parasomnia Disease: Methods and Limitations. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10121087. [PMID: 33327626 PMCID: PMC7765133 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques and electroencephalography (EEG) were used to investigate sleep with a focus on impaired arousal mechanisms in disorders of arousal (DOAs). With a prevalence of 2–4% in adults, DOAs are significant disorders that are currently gaining attention among physicians. The paper describes a simultaneous EEG and fMRI experiment conducted in adult individuals with DOAs (n=10). Both EEG and fMRI data were validated by reproducing well established EEG and fMRI associations. A method for identification of both brain functional areas and EEG rhythms associated with DOAs in shallow sleep was designed. Significant differences between patients and controls were found in delta, theta, and alpha bands during awakening epochs. General linear models of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal have shown the secondary visual cortex and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex to be associated with alpha spectral power fluctuations, and the precuneus with delta spectral power fluctuations, specifically in patients and not in controls. Future EEG–fMRI sleep studies should also consider subject comfort as an important aspect in the experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Piorecky
- National Institute of Mental Health, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (E.M.); (J.B.); (J.H.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (D.T.); (V.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, CTU in Prague, 27201 Kladno, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (M.B.); Tel.: +420-224-357-996 (M.P.); +420-283-088-438 (M.B.)
| | - Vlastimil Koudelka
- National Institute of Mental Health, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (E.M.); (J.B.); (J.H.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (D.T.); (V.P.)
| | - Eva Miletinova
- National Institute of Mental Health, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (E.M.); (J.B.); (J.H.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (D.T.); (V.P.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Buskova
- National Institute of Mental Health, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (E.M.); (J.B.); (J.H.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (D.T.); (V.P.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Strobl
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, CTU in Prague, 27201 Kladno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jiri Horacek
- National Institute of Mental Health, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (E.M.); (J.B.); (J.H.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (D.T.); (V.P.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Brunovsky
- National Institute of Mental Health, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (E.M.); (J.B.); (J.H.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (D.T.); (V.P.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (M.B.); Tel.: +420-224-357-996 (M.P.); +420-283-088-438 (M.B.)
| | - Stanislav Jiricek
- National Institute of Mental Health, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (E.M.); (J.B.); (J.H.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (D.T.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18207 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 16627 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Hlinka
- National Institute of Mental Health, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (E.M.); (J.B.); (J.H.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (D.T.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18207 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Tomecek
- National Institute of Mental Health, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (E.M.); (J.B.); (J.H.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (D.T.); (V.P.)
- Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18207 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Cybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 16627 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclava Piorecka
- National Institute of Mental Health, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.K.); (E.M.); (J.B.); (J.H.); (S.J.); (J.H.); (D.T.); (V.P.)
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16
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Zou G, Li Y, Liu J, Zhou S, Xu J, Qin L, Shao Y, Yao P, Sun H, Zou Q, Gao JH. Altered thalamic connectivity in insomnia disorder during wakefulness and sleep. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 42:259-270. [PMID: 33048406 PMCID: PMC7721231 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Insomnia disorder is the most common sleep disorder and has drawn increasing attention. Many studies have shown that hyperarousal plays a key role in the pathophysiology of insomnia disorder. However, the specific brain mechanisms underlying insomnia disorder remain unclear. To elucidate the neuropathophysiology of insomnia disorder, we investigated the brain functional networks of patients with insomnia disorder and healthy controls across the sleep–wake cycle. EEG‐fMRI data from 33 patients with insomnia disorder and 31 well‐matched healthy controls during wakefulness and nonrapid eye movement sleep, including N1, N2 and N3 stages, were analyzed. A medial and anterior thalamic region was selected as the seed considering its role in sleep–wake regulation. The functional connectivity between the thalamic seed and voxels across the brain was calculated. ANOVA with factors “group” and “stage” was performed on thalamus‐based functional connectivity. Correlations between the misperception index and altered functional connectivity were explored. A group‐by‐stage interaction was observed at widespread cortical regions. Regarding the main effect of group, patients with insomnia disorder demonstrated decreased thalamic connectivity with the left amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, putamen, pallidum and hippocampus across wakefulness and all three nonrapid eye movement sleep stages. The thalamic connectivity in the subcortical cluster and the right temporal cluster in N1 was significantly correlated with the misperception index. This study demonstrated the brain functional basis in insomnia disorder and illustrated its relationship with sleep misperception, shedding new light on the brain mechanisms of insomnia disorder and indicating potential therapeutic targets for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Zou
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuezhen Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Behavioral Neurology and Sleep Center, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqin Zhou
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of International Business, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lang Qin
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hongqiang Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Qihong Zou
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
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17
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Song C, Tagliazucchi E. Linking the nature and functions of sleep: insights from multimodal imaging of the sleeping brain. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 15:29-36. [PMID: 32715184 PMCID: PMC7374576 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sleep and wakefulness are traditionally considered as two mutually exclusive states with contrasting behavioural manifestations and complementary neurobiological functions. However, the discoveries of local sleep in global wakefulness and local wakefulness in global sleep have challenged this classical view and raised questions about the nature and functions of sleep. Here, we review the contributions from recent multimodal imaging studies of human sleep towards understanding the relationship between the nature and functions of sleep. Through simultaneous tracking of brain state and mapping of brain activity, these studies revealed that the sleeping brain can carry out covert cognitive processing that was thought to be wake-specific (wake-like function in the sleeping brain). Conversely, the awake brain can perform housekeeping functions through local sleep of neural populations (sleep-like function in the awake brain). We discuss how the blurred boundary between sleep and wakefulness highlights the need to radically rethink the definition of brain states, and how the recently discovered fMRI signatures of global and local sleep can help to address these outstanding questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Song
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Enzo Tagliazucchi
- Buenos Aires Physics Institute and Physics Department, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Özbay PS, Chang C, Picchioni D, Mandelkow H, Chappel-Farley MG, van Gelderen P, de Zwart JA, Duyn J. Sympathetic activity contributes to the fMRI signal. Commun Biol 2019; 2:421. [PMID: 31754651 PMCID: PMC6861267 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interpretation of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of brain activity is often hampered by the presence of brain-wide signal variations that may arise from a variety of neuronal and non-neuronal sources. Recent work suggests a contribution from the sympathetic vascular innervation, which may affect the fMRI signal through its putative and poorly understood role in cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation. By analyzing fMRI and (electro-) physiological signals concurrently acquired during sleep, we found that widespread fMRI signal changes often co-occur with electroencephalography (EEG) K-complexes, signatures of sub-cortical arousal, and episodic drops in finger skin vascular tone; phenomena that have been associated with intermittent sympathetic activity. These findings support the notion that the extrinsic sympathetic innervation of the cerebral vasculature contributes to CBF regulation and the fMRI signal. Accounting for this mechanism could help separate systemic from local signal contributions and improve interpretation of fMRI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Senay Özbay
- Advanced MRI Section, LFMI, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - Dante Picchioni
- Advanced MRI Section, LFMI, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Hendrik Mandelkow
- Advanced MRI Section, LFMI, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - Peter van Gelderen
- Advanced MRI Section, LFMI, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - Jeff Duyn
- Advanced MRI Section, LFMI, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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