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Stein RA. Campylobacter jejuni and Postinfectious Autoimmune Diseases: A Proof of Concept in Glycobiology. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1981-1991. [PMID: 36137262 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Glycans, one of the most diverse groups of macromolecules, are ubiquitous constituents of all cells and have many critical functions, including the interaction between microbes and their hosts. One of the best model organisms to study the host-pathogen interaction, the gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni dedicates extensive resources to glycosylation and exhibits a diverse array of surface sugar-coated displays. The first bacterium where N-linked glycosylation was described, C. jejuni can additionally modify proteins by O-linked glycosylation, has extracellular capsular polysaccharides that are important for virulence and represent the major determinant of the Penner serotyping scheme, and has outer membrane lipooligosaccharides that participate in processes such as colonization, survival, inflammation, and immune evasion. In addition to causing gastrointestinal disease and extraintestinal infections, C. jejuni was also linked to postinfectious autoimmune neuropathies, of which Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) are the most extensively characterized ones. These postinfectious autoimmune neuropathies occur when specific bacterial surface lipooligosaccharides mimic gangliosides in the host nervous system. C. jejuni provided the first proof of concept for the involvement of molecular mimicry in the pathogenesis of an autoimmune disease and, also, for the ability of a bacterial polymorphism to shape the clinical presentation of the postinfectious autoimmune neuropathy. The scientific journey that culminated with elucidating the mechanistic details of the C. jejuni-GBS link was the result of contributions from several fields, including microbiology, structural biology, glycobiology, genetics, and immunology and provides an inspiring and important example to interrogate other instances of molecular mimicry and their involvement in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Stein
- Industry Associate Professor NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
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2
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Jong H, Wösten MMSM, Wennekes T. Sweet impersonators: Molecular mimicry of host glycans by bacteria. Glycobiology 2021; 32:11-22. [PMID: 34939094 PMCID: PMC8881735 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
All bacteria display surface-exposed glycans that can play an important role in their interaction with the host and in select cases mimic the glycans found on host cells, an event called molecular or glycan mimicry. In this review, we highlight the key bacteria that display human glycan mimicry and provide an overview of the involved glycan structures. We also discuss the general trends and outstanding questions associated with human glycan mimicry by bacteria. Finally, we provide an overview of several techniques that have emerged from the discipline of chemical glycobiology, which can aid in the study of the composition, variability, interaction and functional role of these mimicking glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Jong
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomedical Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc M S M Wösten
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Wennekes
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomedical Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Han Z, Thuy-Boun PS, Pfeiffer W, Vartabedian VF, Torkamani A, Teijaro JR, Wolan DW. Identification of an N-acetylneuraminic acid-presenting bacteria isolated from a human microbiome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4763. [PMID: 33637779 PMCID: PMC7910532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Acetylneuraminic acid is the most abundant sialic acid (SA) in humans and is expressed as the terminal sugar on intestinal mucus glycans. Several pathogenic bacteria harvest and display host SA on their own surfaces to evade Siglec-mediated host immunity. While previous studies have identified bacterial enzymes associated with SA catabolism, no reported methods permit the selective labeling, tracking, and quantitation of SA-presenting microbes within complex multi-microbial systems. We combined metabolic labeling, click chemistry, 16S rRNA gene, and whole-genome sequencing to track and identify SA-presenting microbes from a cultured human fecal microbiome. We isolated a new strain of Escherichia coli that incorporates SA onto its own surface and encodes for the nanT, neuA, and neuS genes necessary for harvesting and presenting SA. Our method is applicable to the identification of SA-presenting bacteria from human, animal, and environmental microbiomes, as well as providing an entry point for the investigation of surface-expressed SA-associated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Han
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Peter S. Thuy-Boun
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Wayne Pfeiffer
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Vincent F. Vartabedian
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Ali Torkamani
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Scripps Research Translational Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA ,grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - John R. Teijaro
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Dennis W. Wolan
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA ,grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
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Rodríguez Y, Rojas M, Pacheco Y, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Ramírez-Santana C, Monsalve DM, Gershwin ME, Anaya JM. Guillain-Barré syndrome, transverse myelitis and infectious diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:547-562. [PMID: 29375121 PMCID: PMC6079071 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and transverse myelitis (TM) both represent immunologically mediated polyneuropathies of major clinical importance. Both are thought to have a genetic predisposition, but as of yet no specific genetic risk loci have been clearly defined. Both are considered autoimmune, but again the etiologies remain enigmatic. Both may be induced via molecular mimicry, particularly from infectious agents and vaccines, but clearly host factor and co-founding host responses will modulate disease susceptibility and natural history. GBS is an acute inflammatory immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy characterized by tingling, progressive weakness, autonomic dysfunction, and pain. Immune injury specifically takes place at the myelin sheath and related Schwann-cell components in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, whereas in acute motor axonal neuropathy membranes on the nerve axon (the axolemma) are the primary target for immune-related injury. Outbreaks of GBS have been reported, most frequently related to Campylobacter jejuni infection, however, other agents such as Zika Virus have been strongly associated. Patients with GBS related to infections frequently produce antibodies against human peripheral nerve gangliosides. In contrast, TM is an inflammatory disorder characterized by acute or subacute motor, sensory, and autonomic spinal cord dysfunction. There is interruption of ascending and descending neuroanatomical pathways on the transverse plane of the spinal cord similar to GBS. It has been suggested to be triggered by infectious agents and molecular mimicry. In this review, we will focus on the putative role of infectious agents as triggering factors of GBS and TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yhojan Rodríguez
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Manuel Rojas
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yovana Pacheco
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Yeny Acosta-Ampudia
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Carolina Ramírez-Santana
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Diana M Monsalve
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, USA, CA
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia.
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Lehmann HC, Hughes RAC, Kieseier BC, Hartung HP. Recent developments and future directions in Guillain-Barré syndrome. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2013; 17 Suppl 3:57-70. [PMID: 23279434 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8027.2012.00433.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) encompasses a spectrum of acquired neuropathic conditions characterized by inflammatory demyelinating or axonal peripheral neuropathy with acute onset. Clinical and experimental studies in the past years have led to substantial progress in epidemiology, pathogenesis of GBS variants, and identification of prognostic factors relevant to treatment. In this review we provide an overview and critical assessment of the most recent developments and future directions in GBS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmar C Lehmann
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical School, Moorenstrasse 5, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Islam Z, Gilbert M, Mohammad QD, Klaij K, Li J, van Rijs W, Tio-Gillen AP, Talukder KA, Willison HJ, van Belkum A, Endtz HP, Jacobs BC. Guillain-Barré syndrome-related Campylobacter jejuni in Bangladesh: ganglioside mimicry and cross-reactive antibodies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43976. [PMID: 22952833 PMCID: PMC3428305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter jejuni is the predominant antecedent infection in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Molecular mimicry and cross-reactive immune responses to C. jejuni lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) precipitate the development of GBS, although this mechanism has not been established in patients from developing countries. We determined the carbohydrate mimicry between C. jejuni LOS and gangliosides, and the cross-reactive antibody response in patients with GBS in Bangladesh. Methodology Sera from 97 GBS patients, and 120 neurological and family controls were tested for antibody reactivity against LOS from C. jejuni isolates from GBS patients in Bangladesh (BD-07, BD-39, BD-10, BD-67 and BD-94) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cross-reactivity to LOS was determined by ELISA. The LOS outer core structures of C. jejuni strains associated with GBS/MFS were determined by mass spectrometry. Principle Findings IgG antibodies to LOS from C. jejuni BD-07, BD-39, BD-10, and BD-67 IgG antibodies were found in serum from 56%, 58%, 14% and 15% of GBS patients respectively, as compared to very low frequency (<3%) in controls (p<0.001). Monoclonal antibodies specific for GM1 and GD1a reacted strongly with LOS from the C. jejuni strains (BD-07 and BD-39). Mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of GM1 and GD1a carbohydrate mimics in the LOS from C. jejuni BD-07 and BD-39. Both BD-10 and BD-67 express the same LOS outer core, which appears to be a novel structure displaying GA2 and GD3 mimicry. Up to 90–100% of serum reactivity to gangliosides in two patients (DK-07 and DK-39) was inhibited by 50 µg/ml of LOS from the autologous C. jejuni isolates. However, patient DK-07 developed an anti-GD1a immune response while patient DK-39 developed an anti-GM1 immune response. Conclusion Carbohydrate mimicry between C. jejuni LOS and gangliosides, and cross-reactive serum antibody precipitate the majority of GBS cases in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhahirul Islam
- Emerging Diseases and Immunobiology, Centre for Food and Waterborne Diseases, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Jiang H, Zhang MJ, Liu RC, Tian XY, Gu YX, Zhang JZ. Characteristics of lipo-oligosaccharide loci of Campylobacter jejuni isolates associated with Guillain-Barré Syndrome from Hebei, China. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:1155-61. [PMID: 20480006 PMCID: PMC2869223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11031155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganglioside mimicry by C.jejuni lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) could induce the production of autoantibodies against gangliosides and the development of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The LOS biosynthesis region exhibits significant variation with different strains. Using PCR amplifications of genes from published LOS loci and sequencing the LOS biosynthesis loci, the eight GBS-associated C. jejuni strains from HeBei could be classified into four classes. The expression of sialylated LOS structures (class A) or non-sialylated LOS structures(class F, H and P) in the C. jejuni LOS is considered to be two different factors for the induction of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Jiang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, P.O. Box 5, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; E-Mails:
(H.J.);
(M.-J.Z.);
(Y.-X.G.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel.: +86-10-6173-9456; Fax: +86-10-6173-9456
| | - Mao-Jun Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, P.O. Box 5, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; E-Mails:
(H.J.);
(M.-J.Z.);
(Y.-X.G.)
| | - Rui-Chun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; E-Mails:
(R.-C.L.);
(X.-Y.T.)
| | - Xin-Ying Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; E-Mails:
(R.-C.L.);
(X.-Y.T.)
| | - Yi-Xin Gu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, P.O. Box 5, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; E-Mails:
(H.J.);
(M.-J.Z.);
(Y.-X.G.)
| | - Jian-Zhong Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, P.O. Box 5, Changping, Beijing 102206, China; E-Mails:
(H.J.);
(M.-J.Z.);
(Y.-X.G.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel.: +86-10-6173-9456; Fax: +86-10-6173-9456
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Kaida K, Ariga T, Yu RK. Antiganglioside antibodies and their pathophysiological effects on Guillain-Barré syndrome and related disorders--a review. Glycobiology 2009; 19:676-92. [PMID: 19240270 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy which can cause acute quadriplegia. Infection with micro-organisms, including Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), Haemophilus influenzae, and Cytomegalovirus (CMV), is recognized as a main triggering event for the disease. Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) genes are responsible for the formation of human ganglioside-like LOS structures in infectious micro-organisms that can induce GBS. Molecular mimicry of LOSs on the surface of infectious agents and of ganglioside antigens on neural cells is thought to induce cross-reactive humoral and cellular immune responses. Patients with GBS develop antibodies against those gangliosides, resulting in autoimmune targeting of peripheral nerve sites, leading to neural damage. Heterogeneity of ganglioside expression in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) may underlie the differential clinical manifestation of the GBS variants. Recent studies demonstrate that some GBS sera react with ganglioside complexes consisting of two different gangliosides, such as GD1a and GD1b, or GM1 and GD1a, but not with each constituent ganglioside alone. The discovery of antiganglioside complex antibodies not only improves the detection rate of autoantibodies in GBS, but also provides a new concept in the antibody-antigen interaction through clustered carbohydrate epitopes. Although ganglioside mimicry is one of the possible etiological causes of GBS, unidentified factors may also contribute to the pathogenesis of GBS. While GBS is not considered a genetic disease, host factors, particularly human lymphocyte antigen type, appear to have a role in the pathogenesis of GBS following C. jejuni infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kaida
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Yuki N. Campylobacter sialyltransferase gene polymorphism directs clinical features of Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Neurochem 2007; 103 Suppl 1:150-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Four criteria must be satisfied to conclude that a given microorganism causes Guillain-Barré (GBS) or Fisher (FS) syndrome associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies: (1) an epidemiological association between the infecting microbe and GBS or FS; (2) isolation in the acute progressive phase of illness of that microorganism from GBS or FS patients with associated anti-ganglioside IgG antibodies; (3) identification of a microbial ganglioside mimic; and (4) a GBS or FS with associated anti-ganglioside antibodies model produced by sensitization with the microbe itself or its component, as well as with ganglioside. Campylobacter jejuni is a definitive causative microorganism of acute motor axonal neuropathy and may cause FS and related conditions. Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are possible causative microorganisms of acute motor axonal neuropathy or FS. Acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies may be produced by mechanisms other than ganglioside mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Yuki
- Department of Neurology and Research Institute for Neuroimmunological Diseases, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Kitakobayashi 880, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
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Yu RK, Usuki S, Ariga T. Ganglioside molecular mimicry and its pathological roles in Guillain-Barré syndrome and related diseases. Infect Immun 2006; 74:6517-27. [PMID: 16966405 PMCID: PMC1698092 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00967-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Yu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics and Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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