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The impact of highly paramagnetic Gd3+ cations on structural, spectral, magnetic and dielectric properties of spinel nickel ferrite nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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Ozuna H, Uriarte SM, Demuth DR. The Hunger Games: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Exploits Human Neutrophils As an Epinephrine Source for Survival. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707096. [PMID: 34456916 PMCID: PMC8387626 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a gram-negative facultative anaerobe and an opportunistic oral pathogen, strongly associated with periodontitis and other inflammatory diseases. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the periodontium resulting from the inflammatory response of the host towards the dysbiotic microbial community present at the gingival crevice. Previously, our group identified catecholamines and iron as the signals that activate the QseBC two-component system in A. actinomycetemcomitans, necessary for the organism to acquire iron as a nutrient to survive in the anaerobic environment. However, the source of catecholamines has not been identified. It has been reported that mouse neutrophils can release catecholamines. In periodontitis, large infiltration of neutrophils is found at the subgingival pocket; hence, we wanted to test the hypothesis that A. actinomycetemcomitans exploits human neutrophils as a source for catecholamines. In the present study, we showed that human neutrophils synthesize, store, and release epinephrine, one of the three main types of catecholamines. Human neutrophil challenge with A. actinomycetemcomitans induced exocytosis of neutrophil granule subtypes: secretory vesicles, specific granules, gelatinase granules, and azurophilic granules. In addition, by selectively inhibiting granule exocytosis, we present the first evidence that epinephrine is stored in azurophilic granules. Using QseC mutants, we showed that the periplasmic domain of the QseC sensor kinase is required for the interaction between A. actinomycetemcomitans and epinephrine. Finally, epinephrine-containing supernatants collected from human neutrophils promoted A. actinomycetemcomitans growth and induced the expression of the qseBC operon under anaerobic conditions. Based on our findings, we propose that A. actinomycetemcomitans promotes azurophilic granule exocytosis by neutrophils as an epinephrine source to promote bacterial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Ozuna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Silvia M. Uriarte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Donald R. Demuth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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Elkhatib SK, Case AJ. Autonomic regulation of T-lymphocytes: Implications in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104293. [PMID: 31176794 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems both serve as essential assessors and regulators of physiological function. Recently, there has been a great interest in how the nervous and immune systems interact to modulate both physiological and pathological states. In particular, the autonomic nervous system has a direct line of communication with immune cells anatomically, and moreover, immune cells possess receptors for autonomic neurotransmitters. This circumstantial evidence is suggestive of a functional interplay between the two systems, and extensive research over the past few decades has demonstrated neurotransmitters such as the catecholamines (i.e. dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine) and acetylcholine have potent immunomodulating properties. Furthermore, immune cells, particularly T-lymphocytes, have now been found to express the cellular machinery for both the synthesis and degradation of neurotransmitters, which suggests the ability for both autocrine and paracrine signaling from these cells independent of the nervous system. The details underlying the functional interplay of this complex network of neuroimmune communication are still unclear, but this crosstalk is suggestive of significant implications on the pathogenesis of a number of autonomic-dysregulated and inflammation-mediated diseases. In particular, it is widely accepted that numerous forms of cardiovascular diseases possess imbalanced autonomic tone as well as altered T-lymphocyte function, but a paucity of literature exists discussing the direct role of neurotransmitters in shaping the inflammatory microenvironment during the progression or therapeutic management of these diseases. This review seeks to provide a fundamental framework for this autonomic neuroimmune interaction within T-lymphocytes, as well as the implications this may have in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safwan K Elkhatib
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Adam J Case
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
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Wang XQ, Liu Y, Cai HH, Peng YP, Qiu YH. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in CD4 + T cells contributes to alleviation of Th17/Treg imbalance in collagen-induced arthritis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:2094-2103. [PMID: 27444150 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216660635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of catecholamines, is expressed in T lymphocytes. However, the role of T cell-expressed TH in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is less clear. Herein, we aimed to show the contribution of TH expression by CD4+ T cells to alleviation of helper T (Th)17/regulatory T (Treg) imbalance in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a mouse model of RA. CIA was prepared by intradermal injection of collagen type II (CII) at tail base of DBA1/J mice. Expression of TH in the spleen and the ankle joints was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Percentages of TH-expressing Th17 and Treg cells in splenic CD4+ T cells were determined by flow cytometry. Overexpression and knockdown of TH gene in CD4+ T cells were taken to evaluate effects of TH on Th17 and Treg cells in CIA. TH expression was upregulated in both the inflamed tissues (spleen and ankle joints) and the CD4+ T cells of CIA mice. In splenic CD4+ T cells, the cells expressing TH were increased during CIA. These cells that expressed more TH in CIA were mainly Th17 cells rather than Treg cells. TH gene overexpression in CD4+ T cells from CIA mice reduced Th17 cell percentage as well as Th17-related transcription factor and cytokine expression and secretion, whereas TH gene knockdown enhanced the Th17 cell activity. In contrast, TH gene overexpression increased Treg-related cytokine expression and secretion in CD4+ T cells of CIA mice, while TH gene knockdown decreased the Treg cell changes. Collectively, these findings show that CIA induces TH expression in CD4+ T cells, particularly in Th17 cells, and suggest that the increased TH expression during CIA represents an anti-inflammatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Wang
- 1 School of Biological & Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,2 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yan Liu
- 2 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Huan-Huan Cai
- 2 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yu-Ping Peng
- 2 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yi-Hua Qiu
- 2 Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, and Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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5
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Huang HW, Zuo C, Chen X, Peng YP, Qiu YH. Effect of tyrosine hydroxylase overexpression in lymphocytes on the differentiation and function of T helper cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:635-42. [PMID: 27315039 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the overexpression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of catecholamines (CAs), in lymphocytes on the differentiation and function of T helper (Th) cells. A recombinant TH overexpression plasmid (pEGFP-N1-TH) was constructed and transfected into mesenteric lymphocytes using nucleofection technology. These cells were stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) for 48 h and then examined for TH expression and CA content, as well as for the percentage of Th1 and Th2 cells, cytokine concentrations and for the levels of signaling molecules. The lymphocytes overexpressing TH also expressed higher mRNA and protein levels of TH, and synthesized more CAs, including norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and dopamine (DA) than the mock-transfected control cells. TH gene overexpression in the lymphocytes reduced the percentage of interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing CD4+ cells and the ratio of CD4+IFN-γ+/CD4+IL-4+ cells, as well as the percentages of CD4+CD26+ and CD4+CD30+ cells and the ratio of CD4+CD26+/CD4+CD30+ cells. TH overexpression also reduced the secretion of IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) from lymphocytes. Moreover, NE inhibited the Con A-induced lymphocyte proliferation and decreased both cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression in the lymphocytes. Our findings thus indicate that TH gene overexpression promotes the polarization and differentiation of CD4+ cells towards Th2 cells, and this effect is mediated by the cAMP and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wei Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zuo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ping Peng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Hua Qiu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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Lu JH, Liu YQ, Deng QW, Peng YP, Qiu YH. Dopamine D2 Receptor Is Involved in Alleviation of Type II Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:496759. [PMID: 26693483 PMCID: PMC4677027 DOI: 10.1155/2015/496759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human and murine lymphocytes express dopamine (DA) D2-like receptors including DRD2, DRD3, and DRD4. However, their roles in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are less clear. Here we showed that lymphocyte DRD2 activation alleviates both imbalance of T-helper (Th)17/T-regulatory (Treg) cells and inflamed symptoms in a mouse arthritis model of RA. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was prepared by intradermal injection of chicken collagen type II (CII) in tail base of DBA/1 mice or Drd2 (-/-) C57BL/6 mice. D2-like receptor agonist quinpirole downregulated expression of proinflammatory Th17-related cytokines interleukin- (IL-) 17 and IL-22 but further upregulated expression of anti-inflammatory Treg-related cytokines transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β and IL-10 in lymphocytes in vitro and in ankle joints in vivo in CIA mice. Quinpirole intraperitoneal administration reduced both clinical arthritis score and serum anti-CII IgG level in CIA mice. However, Drd2 (-/-) CIA mice manifested more severe limb inflammation and higher serum anti-CII IgG level and further upregulated IL-17 and IL-22 expression and downregulated TGF-β and IL-10 expression than wild-type CIA mice. In contrast, Drd1 (-/-) CIA mice did not alter limb inflammation or anti-CII IgG level compared with wild-type CIA mice. These results suggest that DRD2 activation is involved in alleviation of CIA symptoms by amelioration of Th17/Treg imbalance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Ankle Joint/metabolism
- Ankle Joint/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Interleukin-10/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-17/biosynthesis
- Interleukins/biosynthesis
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/pathology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-22
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yi-Qian Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Qiao-Wen Deng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yu-Ping Peng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Yi-Hua Qiu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
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7
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Garcia Barrado MJ, Iglesias Osma MC, Blanco EJ, Carretero Hernández M, Sánchez Robledo V, Catalano Iniesta L, Carrero S, Carretero J. Dopamine modulates insulin release and is involved in the survival of rat pancreatic beta cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123197. [PMID: 25886074 PMCID: PMC4401745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The local synthesis of dopamine and its effects on insulin release have been described in isolated islets. Thus, it may be accepted that dopamine exerts an auto-paracrine regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. The aim of the present study is to analyze whether dopamine is a regulator of the proliferation and apoptosis of rat pancreatic beta cells after glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Glucose stimulated pancreatic islets obtained from male Wistar rats were cultured with 1 or 10 μM dopamine from 1 to 12 h. Insulin secretion was analyzed by RIA. The cellular proliferation rate of pancreatic islets and beta cells was studied with immunocytochemical double labelling for both insulin and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), and active caspase-3 was detected to evaluate apoptosis. The secretion of insulin from isolated islets was significantly inhibited (p<0.01), by treatment with 1 and 10 μM dopamine, with no differences between either dose as early as 1 h after treatment. The percentage of insulin-positive cells in the islets decreased significantly (p<0.01) after 1 h of treatment up to 12 h. The proliferation rate of insulin-positive cells in the islets decreased significantly (p<0.01) following treatment with dopamine. Apoptosis in pancreatic islets and beta cells was increased by treatment with 1 and 10 μM dopamine along 12 h. In conclusion, these results suggest that dopamine could modulate the proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells and that dopamine may be involved in the maintenance of pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Garcia Barrado
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity of IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Iglesias Osma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity of IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique J. Blanco
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity of IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Carretero Hernández
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Virginia Sánchez Robledo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Leonardo Catalano Iniesta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sixto Carrero
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity of IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jose Carretero
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, and Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Obesity of IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Huang HW, Fang XX, Wang XQ, Peng YP, Qiu YH. Regulation of differentiation and function of helper T cells by lymphocyte-derived catecholamines via α₁- and β₂-adrenoceptors. Neuroimmunomodulation 2015; 22:138-51. [PMID: 24800755 DOI: 10.1159/000360579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, we have reported that lymphocyte-derived endogenous catecholamines (CAs) facilitate a shift in the T helper (Th)1/Th2 balance towards Th2. The purpose of this study was to explore the involvement of adrenoreceptors (ARs) in Th differentiation and function modulation by lymphocyte-derived CAs. METHODS Lymphocytes were separated from the mesenteric lymph nodes of mice, stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) and treated with pargyline, an inhibitor of CA degradation. RESULTS Pargyline downregulated the expression of Th1-relative factors, T-bet, interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-2, but upregulated the expression of Th2-relative factors, GATA-3, IL-4 and IL-10. Pargyline reduced the percentage of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ cells and the CD4+IFN-γ+/CD4+IL-4+ cell ratio, although it did not alter the proportion of IL-4-producing CD4+ cells. In addition, the percentage of CD4+CD26+ T cells and the CD4+CD26+/CD4+CD30+ cell ratio were also reduced in the pargyline-treated group. Furthermore, Con A-activated T cells treated with pargyline produced a lower level of IFN-γ and a higher level of IL-4 than the control group. All these effects were blocked by the α1-AR antagonist corynanthine or the β2-AR antagonist ICI 118551, but not by the α2-AR antagonist yohimbine or β1-AR antagonist atenolol. CONCLUSIONS These results imply that lymphocyte-derived CAs promote polarization of differentiation and function towards Th2 cells and that this effect is mediated by α1-AR and β2-AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wei Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Abstract
Central and sympathetic nervous systems govern functional activities of many organs. Solid tumors like organs are also innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers. Neurotransmitters released from sympathetic nerve fibers can modulate biological behaviors of tumor cells. Multiple physiologic processes of tumor development may be dominated by central and sympathetic nervous systems as well. Recent studies suggest that dysfunction of central and sympathetic nervous systems and disorder of the hormone network induced by psychological stress may influence malignant progression of cancer by inhibiting the functions of immune system, regulating metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells, and inducing interactions between tumor and stromal cells. Over-release of inflammatory cytokines by tumors may aggravate emotional disorder, triggering the vicious cycles in tumor microenvironment and host macroenvironment. It is reasonable to hypothesize that cancer progression may be controlled by central and sympathetic nervous systems. In this review, we will focus on the recent information about the impacts of central and sympathetic nervous systems on tumor invasion and metastasis.
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Abstract
The interaction between the sympathetic nervous system and the immune system has been documented over the last several decades. In this review, the neuroanatomical, cellular, and molecular evidence for neuroimmune regulation in the maintenance of immune homeostasis will be discussed, as well as the potential impact of neuroimmune dysregulation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Padro
- The Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Virginia M Sanders
- The Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; The Institute of Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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11
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Zhao XY, Cui SW, Wang XQ, Peng YP, Qiu YH. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression in CD4(+) T cells is associated with joint inflammatory alleviation in collagen type II-induced arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2013; 33:2597-605. [PMID: 23722874 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-013-2788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have recently reported that CD4(+) T cells synthesize and secrete catecholamines that facilitate a shift of T helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 balance toward Th2 polarization. In this study, we used an animal model of human rheumatoid arthritis, collagen type II-induced arthritis (CIA), to explore relationship between catecholamine production in CD4(+) T cells and Th1-/Th2-mediated joint inflammation. Histopathological observation of ankle joints of CIA mice displayed an evident inflammatory change on day 35 and a major damage to bones on day 55 post-immunization. Expression of Th1-specific transcription factor, T-bet, and cytokines, IL-2 and IFN-γ, and Th2-specific transcription factor, GATA-3, and cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10, was all upregulated on days 35 and 55 post-immunization, but the elevated Th1 response tended to decrease and the enhanced Th2 response tended to increase with the CIA progression. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a rate-limiting enzyme for synthesis of catecholamines, dramatically increased in ankle joints of CIA mice, although this increase was reduced on day 55 relative to that on day 35 post-immunization. In synovial tissue of CIA ankle joints but not normal joints, CD4-, T-bet-, GATA-3-, and TH-immunoreactive cells were found. Importantly, co-expressed cells with CD4 and TH, T-bet and TH, and GATA-3 and TH were observed in synovial tissue of CIA ankle joints. These results suggest that an increase in catecholamine production occurs in inflamed joints of CIA. The catecholamines are, at least in part, from Th1 and Th2 cells, and they may be related to joint inflammatory alleviation in CIA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ying Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, China
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12
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Huang HW, Tang JL, Han XH, Peng YP, Qiu YH. Lymphocyte-derived catecholamines induce a shift of Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2 polarization. Neuroimmunomodulation 2013; 20:1-8. [PMID: 23095308 DOI: 10.1159/000343099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Our previous work has shown that lymphocytes synthesize and secrete catecholamines (CAs), which regulate lymphocyte proliferation and apoptosis. In the present study, we explored the effect of the lymphocyte-derived CAs on differentiation and function of T helper (Th) cells. METHODS Lymphocytes were separated from the mesenteric lymph nodes of mice and stimulated by concanavalin A (Con A). These cells were treated with alpha-methyl-p- tyrosine (α-MT), an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) that is a rate-limiting enzyme for synthesis of CAs, and pargyline, an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase that degrades CAs. RESULTS Treatment of Con A-stimulated lymphocytes with α-MT (10(-6) M) reduced CAs both in the cultured lymphocytes and in the culture supernatants. Simultaneously, α-MT upregulated expression of mRNAs and proteins of T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) but downregulated expression of mRNAs and proteins of GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in Con A-activated lymphocytes. In contrast, pargyline (10(-6) M) increased intracellular and supernatant CA contents in Con A-activated lymphocytes. Meanwhile, the treatment with pargyline downregulated expression of T-bet and IFN-γ but upregulated expression of GATA-3 and IL-4 in these lymphocytes. CONCLUSION CAs synthesized and secreted by lymphocytes regulate differentiation and function of Th cells, with an effect facilitating the shift of Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wei Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
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13
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Gavrilović L, Stojiljković V, Kasapović J, Pejić S, Todorović A, Pajović SB, Dronjak S. Forced exercise changes catecholamine synthesis in the spleen of adult rats. J Neuroimmunol 2012; 251:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Katori Y, Shibata S, Kawase T, Cho BH, Murakami G. Transient Appearance of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Immunoreactive Cells in the Midline Epithelial Seam of the Human Fetal Secondary Palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2012; 49:414-24. [DOI: 10.1597/10-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Transient immunoreactivity for tyrosine hydroxylase, which mediates the conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine, in the midline epithelial seam between the bilateral palatal shelves was investigated in human fetuses. Materials and Methods Horizontal or frontal paraffin sections of two human fetuses at 9 and 15 weeks of gestation were used to examine the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase–immunoreactive cells in regions of the entire head other than the brain. Immunohistochemical staining for S100 protein, calretinin, cytokeratin 14, and vimentin was examined using adjacent or near sections. Results Tyrosine hydroxylase–immunoreactive cells were large and densely distributed in the midline epithelial seam at the site of palatal fusion in fetuses at 9 weeks but not in fetuses at 15 weeks, in which the midline epithelial seam had already disappeared. No expression of S100 protein, calretinin, or vimentin was detected, but the midline epithelial seam was positive for cytokeratin 14. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity was not detected in epithelia during the process of palatal fusion in mice from E 14.0 to 15.0. Conclusions These findings indicate that tyrosine hydroxylase–immunoreactive cells in the midline epithelial seams are nonneural epithelial cells and suggest that the tyrosine hydroxylase is a novel factor involved in normal palatal formation, especially the fate of the midline epithelial seam in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shunichi Shibata
- Division of Histology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Kawase
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Laboratory of Rehabilitative Auditory Science, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Baik Hwan Cho
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Gen Murakami
- Division of Internal Medicine, Iwamizawa Koujin-kai Hospital, Iwamizawa, Hokkaido, Japan
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15
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Marino F, Cosentino M. Adrenergic modulation of immune cells: an update. Amino Acids 2011; 45:55-71. [PMID: 22160285 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sympathoadrenergic pathways are crucial to the communication between the nervous system and the immune system. The present review addresses emerging issues in the adrenergic modulation of immune cells, including: the specific pattern of adrenoceptor expression on immune cells and their role and changes upon cell differentiation and activation; the production and utilization of noradrenaline and adrenaline by immune cells themselves; the dysregulation of adrenergic immune mechanisms in disease and their potential as novel therapeutic targets. A wide array of sympathoadrenergic therapeutics is currently used for non-immune indications, and could represent an attractive source of non-conventional immunomodulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Marino
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Section of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Via Ottorino Rossi n. 9, 21100 Varese, VA, Italy
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16
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Carvalho WA, Franzin AM, Abatepaulo ARR, de Oliveira CJF, Moré DD, da Silva JS, Ferreira BR, de Miranda Santos IKF. Modulation of cutaneous inflammation induced by ticks in contrasting phenotypes of infestation in bovines. Vet Parasitol 2009; 167:260-73. [PMID: 19836891 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Tick saliva contains molecules that are inoculated at the site of attachment on their hosts in order to modulate local immune responses and facilitate a successful blood meal. Bovines express heritable, contrasting phenotypes of infestations with the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: breeds of Bos taurus indicus are significantly more resistant than those of Bos taurus taurus. Tick saliva may contain molecules that interfere with adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium and resistant hosts may mount an inflammatory profile that is more efficient to hamper the tick's blood meal. We show in vitro that adhesion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to monolayers of cytokine-activated bovine umbilical endothelial cells was significantly inhibited by tick saliva. The inflammatory response to bites of adults of R. microplus mounted by genetically resistant and susceptible bovine hosts managed in the same pasture was investigated in vivo. The inflammatory infiltrates and levels of message coding for adhesion molecules were measured in biopsies of tick-bitten and control skin taken when animals of both breeds were exposed to low and high tick infestations. Histological studies reveal that cutaneous reactions of resistant hosts to bites of adult ticks contained significantly more basophils and eosinophils compared with reactions of the susceptible breed. Expression of the adhesion molecules - intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and P-selectin - was higher in adult-infested skin of susceptible hosts undergoing low infestations compared to resistant hosts; when host was exposed to high infestations expression of these adhesion molecules was down-regulated in both phenotypes of infestations. Expression of leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein-1 (LFA-1) was higher in skin from susceptible hosts undergoing low or high infestations compared to resistant hosts. Conversely, higher levels of E-selectin, which promotes adhesion of memory T cells, were expressed in skin of resistant animals. This finding may explain the resistant host's ability to mount more rapid and efficient secondary responses that limit hematophagy and infestations. The expression profiles observed for adhesion molecules indicate that there are differences in the kinetics of the inflammatory reactions mounted by resistant and susceptible hosts and the balance between tick and host is affected by the number of tick bites a host receives. We show that the contrasting phenotypes of infestations seen in bovines infested with R. microplus are correlated with differences in the cellular and molecular composition of inflammatory infiltrates elicited by bites with adult ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa Araújo Carvalho
- Departament of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
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17
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Ko DC, Shukla KP, Fong C, Wasnick M, Brittnacher MJ, Wurfel MM, Holden TD, O'Keefe GE, Van Yserloo B, Akey JM, Miller SI. A genome-wide in vitro bacterial-infection screen reveals human variation in the host response associated with inflammatory disease. Am J Hum Genet 2009; 85:214-27. [PMID: 19664744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in cataloguing common genetic variation has made possible genome-wide studies that are beginning to elucidate the causes and consequences of our genetic differences. Approaches that provide a mechanistic understanding of how genetic variants function to alter disease susceptibility and why they were substrates of natural selection would complement other approaches to human-genome analysis. Here we use a novel cell-based screen of bacterial infection to identify human variation in Salmonella-induced cell death. A loss-of-function allele of CARD8, a reported inhibitor of the proinflammatory protease caspase-1, was associated with increased cell death in vitro (p = 0.013). The validity of this association was demonstrated through overexpression of alternative alleles and RNA interference in cells of varying genotype. Comparison of mammalian CARD8 orthologs and examination of variation among different human populations suggest that the increase in infectious-disease burden associated with larger animal groups (i.e., herds and colonies), and possibly human population expansion, may have naturally selected for loss of CARD8. We also find that the loss-of-function CARD8 allele shows a modest association with an increased risk of systemic inflammatory response syndrome in a small study (p = 0.05). Therefore, a by-product of the selected benefit of loss of CARD8 could be increased inflammatory diseases. These results demonstrate the utility of genome-wide cell-based association screens with microbes in the identification of naturally selected variants that can impact human health.
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18
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Hassan MQ, Saini S, Gordon JAR, van Wijnen AJ, Montecino M, Stein JL, Stein GS, Lian JB. Molecular switches involving homeodomain proteins, HOXA10 and RUNX2 regulate osteoblastogenesis. Cells Tissues Organs 2008; 189:122-5. [PMID: 18701816 DOI: 10.1159/000151453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The osteoinductive BMP2 signal facilitates commitment to the osteoblast phenotype by inducing several classes of early response genes. Among these are bone-related HOX factors, homeodomain, RUNX and OSTERIX proteins. Here we demonstrate molecular events among BMP2-induced transcription factors that constitute a network of molecular switches on promoters of bone-related genes to coordinate their temporal expression during cellular differentiation. Our studies provide evidence for (1) selective association of HOXA10, MSX2, DLX3 and DLX5 homeodomain transcription factors on Runx2 and OC genes at stages of osteoblast maturation as well as (2) participation of these factors with RUNX2 in chromatin remodeling of bone-specific genes for repression, activation and attenuation of transcription. These findings reveal the requirement for multiple levels of control for the appropriate timing of osteoblast-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Q Hassan
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Mass. 01655, USA
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