1
|
Jenkins LC, Chang WJ, Humburg P, Wasinger VC, Stone LS, Dorsey SG, Renn C, Starkweather A, Schabrun SM. Sex Differences in the Serum Proteomic Profile During Acute Low Back Pain-A Preliminary Study of the Relationship to Future Low Back Pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:104426. [PMID: 37989405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The molecular processes driving the transition from acute to chronic low back pain (LBP) remain poorly understood and are likely to be sexually dimorphic. This study aimed to explore sex differences in the serum proteomic profile of people experiencing an acute LBP episode and determine if serum protein concentrations were associated with three-month outcome. Serum samples were collected through venepuncture from 30 female and 29 male participants experiencing an acute LBP episode. Serum samples underwent trypsin digestion and fractionation using hydrophobic interaction chromatography and were then analysed using mass-spectrometry. Mass-spectrometry spectra were searched in the Swissprot database for protein identification. Sex differences in protein abundance changes were evident upon inspection of fold changes. Multivariable data analysis identified 21 serum proteins during the acute episode that correctly classified 93% of males and 23 serum proteins that correctly classified 90% of females with ongoing LBP at 3 months. Pathway analysis suggested the differentially expressed proteins during acute LBP were frequently involved in immune, inflammatory, complement, or coagulation responses. This data provides preliminary evidence that biological processes during an acute LBP episode may contribute to the resolution, or persistence, of LBP symptoms at 3 months, however, these processes differ between males and females. PERSPECTIVE: Differential expression of serum proteins was observed between male and female participants during an acute LBP episode. This preliminary work provides a foundation for future research targeting distinct immune system processes in males and females that may interfere with the transition from acute to chronic LBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke C Jenkins
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wei-Ju Chang
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Health and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Humburg
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Valerie C Wasinger
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Science, UNSW, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura S Stone
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Susan G Dorsey
- Department of Pain & Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore
| | - Cynthia Renn
- Department of Pain & Translational Symptom Science, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore
| | - Angela Starkweather
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Siobhan M Schabrun
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Randwick, New South Wales, Australia; The Gray Centre for Mobility and Activity, Parkwood Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; School of Physical Therapy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Muscat SM, Butler MJ, Bettes MN, DeMarsh JW, Scaria EA, Deems NP, Barrientos RM. Post-operative cognitive dysfunction is exacerbated by high-fat diet via TLR4 and prevented by dietary DHA supplementation. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:385-401. [PMID: 38145855 PMCID: PMC10872288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is an abrupt decline in neurocognitive function arising shortly after surgery and persisting for weeks to months, increasing the risk of dementia diagnosis. Advanced age, obesity, and comorbidities linked to high-fat diet (HFD) consumption such as diabetes and hypertension have been identified as risk factors for POCD, although underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We have previously shown that surgery alone, or 3-days of HFD can each evoke sufficient neuroinflammation to cause memory deficits in aged, but not young rats. The aim of the present study was to determine if HFD consumption before surgery would potentiate and prolong the subsequent neuroinflammatory response and memory deficits, and if so, to determine the extent to which these effects depend on activation of the innate immune receptor TLR4, which both insults are known to stimulate. Young-adult (3mo) & aged (24mo) male F344xBN F1 rats were fed standard chow or HFD for 3-days immediately before sham surgery or laparotomy. In aged rats, the combination of HFD and surgery caused persistent deficits in contextual memory and cued-fear memory, though it was determined that HFD alone was sufficient to cause the long-lasting cued-fear memory deficits. In young adult rats, HFD + surgery caused only cued-fear memory deficits. Elevated proinflammatory gene expression in the hippocampus of both young and aged rats that received HFD + surgery persisted for at least 3-weeks after surgery. In a separate experiment, rats were administered the TLR4-specific antagonist, LPS-RS, immediately before HFD onset, which ameliorated the HFD + surgery-associated neuroinflammation and memory deficits. Similarly, dietary DHA supplementation for 4 weeks prior to HFD onset blunted the neuroinflammatory response to surgery and prevented development of persistent memory deficits. These results suggest that HFD 1) increases risk of persistent POCD-associated memory impairments following surgery in male rats in 2) a TLR4-dependent manner, which 3) can be targeted by DHA supplementation to mitigate development of persistent POCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Muscat
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael J Butler
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Menaz N Bettes
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James W DeMarsh
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emmanuel A Scaria
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas P Deems
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ruth M Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paladini A, Vallejo R, Guerrero M, Pasqualucci A, Peppin JF, Pergolizzi J, Varrassi G. Answering Big Questions in Pain Medicine. Cureus 2023; 15:e43561. [PMID: 37719539 PMCID: PMC10502917 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The future of pain medicine is marked by many questions. What can other nations around the world learn from the opioid crisis that is still affecting the United States? The American opioid experience was mischaracterized and wrongly described, and its causes were misdiagnosed from the outset, leading to its mismanagement and the abandonment of many chronic pain patients to their suffering. There are a few new drugs in the analgesic armamentarium. What new targets do we have in pain medicine? There are many breakthroughs, discoveries, and potential new targets that could add to our analgesic prescribing choices. These include sigma receptors, d-amino acid oxidase, endoplasmic reticulum stress receptors, histone deacetylase, and others. Neuromodulation had been used with varying degrees of success for years, but with a simplistic approach based on the gate theory of pain. Despite our familiarity with neuromodulation and spinal cord stimulators, neuromodulation research indicates that the activation of glial cells may activate the immune system and enhance analgesia. Neuromodulation studies have concentrated on how electricity affects neuronal activity rather than how electrical activity could reduce pain. There are still more frontiers in our battle against pain and some promising avenues for treatments. This narrative review will try to summarize what can be done from the perspective of recent technological and pharmacological developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Paladini
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences (MESVA), University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, ITA
| | - Ricardo Vallejo
- Department of Research, Millennium Pain Center, Bloomington, USA
| | - Marixa Guerrero
- Department of Pain Medicine/ Pain Management, Clínica del Country, Bogota, COL
| | - Alberto Pasqualucci
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Perugia, Perugia, ITA
| | - John F Peppin
- Department of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Joseph Pergolizzi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine, and Critical Care Medicine, Nema Research, Naples, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
A rat model to investigate quality of recovery after abdominal surgery. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e943. [PMID: 34235345 PMCID: PMC8253582 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Major advances in therapies to optimize recovery after surgery have been limited by the lack of an animal model that can mimic major domains of postoperative sickness behavior in humans. We hypothesized that the integration of commonly impaired domains of quality of recovery in humans could be reproduced in a rat model. Objectives To create a rat model that can mimic surgical recovery in humans. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the development of a quality of recovery score after surgery. Six physiological parameters or behaviors were tested in naive, sham, and laparotomized animals. A quality of recovery score was constructed and ranged from 18 (no impairment) to 0 (gross impairment). We treated animals with a nutraceutical intervention consisting of aspirin and eicosapentaenoic acid. Inflammatory markers and specialized proresolving mediators were measured in serum and the intestinal mucosa of rats, respectively. Results We observed a significant reduction in quality of recovery scores on postoperative days 1 (median, interquartile: 6 [4.75-8.25] vs naive rats: 17.5 [15.5-18]), 2 (median, interquartile: 13 [11.25-13.25], P < 0.001 vs naive rats: 17 [17-18], P = 0.001), and 3 (median, interquartile: 14.5 [13.5-16] vs naive rats: 17 [15.75-18], P < 0.02). Surgery promoted a significant increase in the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, but it reduced levels of interleukin-12p70 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Lipoxin B4 and 13-HODE were significantly higher in laparotomized rats. Aspirin + eicosapentaenoic acid substantially improved recovery scores and modulated the postsurgical inflammatory response. Conclusion Our novel rat model can be used to study mechanisms governing surgical recovery in rats.
Collapse
|
5
|
Johnson JD, Barnard DF, Kulp AC, Mehta DM. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Brain Cytokines After Psychological Stress. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:1302-1320. [PMID: 31259292 PMCID: PMC6595533 DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that stress-induced brain cytokines are important in the etiology of depression and anxiety. Here, we review how the neuroendocrine responses to psychological stressors affect the immediate and long-term regulation of inflammatory cytokines within the brain and highlight how the regulation changes across time with repeated stress exposure. In doing so, we report on the percentage of studies in the literature that observed increases in either IL-1β, TNF-α, or IL-6 within the hypothalamus, hippocampus, or prefrontal cortex after either acute or chronic stress exposure. The key takeaway is that catecholamines and glucocorticoids play critical roles in the regulation of brain cytokines after psychological stress exposure. Central catecholamines stimulate the release of IL-1β from microglia, which is a key factor in the further activation of microglia and recruitment of monocytes into the brain. Meanwhile, the acute elevation of glucocorticoids inhibits the production of brain cytokines via two mechanisms: the suppression of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons and inhibition of the NFκB signaling pathway. However, glucocorticoids and peripheral catecholamines facilitate inflammatory responses to future stimuli by stimulating monocytes to leave the bone marrow, downregulating inhibitory receptors on microglia, and priming inflammatory responses mediated by peripheral monocytes or macrophages. The activation of microglia and the elevation of peripheral glucocorticoid and catecholamine levels are both necessary during times of stress exposure for the development of psychopathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Johnson
- Kent State University, Biological Sciences Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent, Ohio
| | - David F Barnard
- Kent State University, Biological Sciences Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent, Ohio
| | - Adam C Kulp
- Kent State University, Biological Sciences Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent, Ohio
| | - Devanshi M Mehta
- Kent State University, Biological Sciences Department, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang N, Ma H, Li Z, Gao Y, Cao X, Jiang Y, Zhou Y, Liu S. Chronic unpredictable stress exacerbates surgery-induced sickness behavior and neuroinflammatory responses via glucocorticoids secretion in adult rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183077. [PMID: 28806788 PMCID: PMC5555668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence indicates that stress sensitizes neuroinflammatory responses to a subsequent peripheral immune challenge. The present study investigated whether chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) aggravated surgery-induced sickness behavior and neuroinflammatory processes via glucocorticoids secretion in the adult brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yalei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuezhao Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yanhua Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongjian Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Sidan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Miyamoto T, Funakami Y, Kawashita E, Tomita S, Nomura A, Sugimoto N, Saeki H, Miyazakia T, Tsubota M, Ichida S, Kawabata A. Enhanced Hyperthermic Responses to Lipopolysaccharide in Mice Exposed to Repeated Cold Stress. Pharmacology 2017; 99:172-178. [DOI: 10.1159/000454815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
8
|
Wang Y, Cao X, Ma H, Tan W, Zhang L, Li Z, Gao Y. Prior stressor exposure delays the recovery of surgery-induced cognitive impairment and prolongs neuroinflammation in aged rats. Brain Res 2016; 1648:380-386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
9
|
Glucocorticoids Mediate Short-Term High-Fat Diet Induction of Neuroinflammatory Priming, the NLRP3 Inflammasome, and the Danger Signal HMGB1. eNeuro 2016; 3:eN-NWR-0113-16. [PMID: 27595136 PMCID: PMC5004086 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0113-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the foods we eat on metabolism and cardiac physiology has been studied for decades, yet less is known about the effects of foods on the CNS, or the behavioral manifestations that may result from these effects. Previous studies have shown that long-term consumption of high-fat foods leading to diet-induced obesity sensitizes the inflammatory response of the brain to subsequent challenging stimuli, causing deficits in the formation of long-term memories. The new findings reported here demonstrate that short-term consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) produces the same outcomes, thus allowing the examination of mechanisms involved in this process long before obesity and associated comorbidities occur. Rats fed an HFD for 3 d exhibited increases in corticosterone, the inflammasome-associated protein NLRP3 (nod-like receptor protein 3), and the endogenous danger signal HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1) in the hippocampus. A low-dose (10 μg/kg) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) immune challenge potentiated the neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus of rats fed the HFD, and caused a deficit in the formation of long-term memory, effects not observed in rats fed regular chow. The blockade of corticosterone action with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist mifepristone prevented the NLRP3 and HMGB1 increases in unchallenged animals, normalized the proinflammatory response to LPS, and prevented the memory impairment. These data suggest that short-term HFD consumption increases vulnerability to memory disruptions caused by an immune challenge by upregulating important neuroinflammatory priming and danger signals in the hippocampus, and that these effects are mediated by increases in hippocampal corticosterone.
Collapse
|
10
|
Morphine paradoxically prolongs neuropathic pain in rats by amplifying spinal NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E3441-50. [PMID: 27247388 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602070113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid use for pain management has dramatically increased, with little assessment of potential pathophysiological consequences for the primary pain condition. Here, a short course of morphine, starting 10 d after injury in male rats, paradoxically and remarkably doubled the duration of chronic constriction injury (CCI)-allodynia, months after morphine ceased. No such effect of opioids on neuropathic pain has previously been reported. Using pharmacologic and genetic approaches, we discovered that the initiation and maintenance of this multimonth prolongation of neuropathic pain was mediated by a previously unidentified mechanism for spinal cord and pain-namely, morphine-induced spinal NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes and associated release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). As spinal dorsal horn microglia expressed this signaling platform, these cells were selectively inhibited in vivo after transfection with a novel Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD). Multiday treatment with the DREADD-specific ligand clozapine-N-oxide prevented and enduringly reversed morphine-induced persistent sensitization for weeks to months after cessation of clozapine-N-oxide. These data demonstrate both the critical importance of microglia and that maintenance of chronic pain created by early exposure to opioids can be disrupted, resetting pain to normal. These data also provide strong support for the recent "two-hit hypothesis" of microglial priming, leading to exaggerated reactivity after the second challenge, documented here in the context of nerve injury followed by morphine. This study predicts that prolonged pain is an unrealized and clinically concerning consequence of the abundant use of opioids in chronic pain.
Collapse
|
11
|
Prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of chronic postsurgical pain after laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2015; 32:712-7. [DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
12
|
MA YUANZHONG, CHENG QINGHAO, WANG ERMIN, LI LEI, ZHANG XUBIN. Inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α signaling attenuates postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3095-100. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
13
|
O'Callaghan JP, Kelly KA, Locker AR, Miller DB, Lasley SM. Corticosterone primes the neuroinflammatory response to DFP in mice: potential animal model of Gulf War Illness. J Neurochem 2015; 133:708-21. [PMID: 25753028 PMCID: PMC4722811 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a multi‐symptom disorder with features characteristic of persistent sickness behavior. Among conditions encountered in the Gulf War (GW) theater were physiological stressors (e.g., heat/cold/physical activity/sleep deprivation), prophylactic treatment with the reversible AChE inhibitor, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), the insect repellent, N,N‐diethyl‐meta‐toluamide (DEET), and potentially the nerve agent, sarin. Prior exposure to the anti‐inflammatory glucocorticoid, corticosterone (CORT), at levels associated with high physiological stress, can paradoxically prime the CNS to produce a robust proinflammatory response to neurotoxicants and systemic inflammation; such neuroinflammatory effects can be associated with sickness behavior. Here, we examined whether CORT primed the CNS to mount neuroinflammatory responses to GW exposures as a potential model of GWI. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with chronic (14 days) PB/ DEET, subchronic (7–14 days) CORT, and acute exposure (day 15) to diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), a sarin surrogate and irreversible AChE inhibitor. DFP alone caused marked brain‐wide neuroinflammation assessed by qPCR of tumor necrosis factor‐α, IL6, chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2, IL‐1β, leukemia inhibitory factor, and oncostatin M. Pre‐treatment with high physiological levels of CORT greatly augmented (up to 300‐fold) the neuroinflammatory responses to DFP. Anti‐inflammatory pre‐treatment with minocycline suppressed many proinflammatory responses to CORT+DFP. Our findings are suggestive of a possible critical, yet unrecognized interaction between the stressor/environment of the GW theater and agent exposure(s) unique to this war. Such exposures may in fact prime the CNS to amplify future neuroinflammatory responses to pathogens, injury, or toxicity. Such occurrences could potentially result in the prolonged episodes of sickness behavior observed in GWI.
Gulf War (GW) veterans were exposed to stressors, prophylactic medicines and, potentially, nerve agents in theater. Subsequent development of GW Illness, a persistent multi‐symptom disorder with features characteristic of sickness behavior, may be caused by priming of the CNS resulting in exaggerated neuroinflammatory responses to pathogens/insults. Nerve agent, diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), produced a neuroinflammatory response that was exacerbated by pre‐treatment with levels of corticosterone simulating heightened stressor conditions. While prophylactic treatments reduced DFP‐induced neuroinflammation, this effect was negated when those treatments were combined with corticosterone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James P O'Callaghan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fan Y, Zhang J, Cai L, Wang S, Liu C, Zhang Y, You L, Fu Y, Shi Z, Yin Z, Luo L, Chang Y, Duan X. The effect of anti-inflammatory properties of ferritin light chain on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in murine macrophages. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2775-83. [PMID: 24983770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin light chain (FTL) reduces the free iron concentration by forming ferritin complexes with ferritin heavy chain (FTH). Thus, FTL competes with the Fenton reaction by acting as an antioxidant. In the present study, we determined that FTL influences the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response. FTL protein expression was regulated by LPS stimulation in RAW264.7 cells. To investigate the role of FTL in LPS-activated murine macrophages, we established stable FTL-expressing cells and used shRNA to silence FTL expression in RAW264.7 cells. Overexpression of FTL significantly decreased the LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Additionally, overexpression of FTL decreased the LPS-induced increase of the intracellular labile iron pool (LIP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, FTL overexpression suppressed the LPS-induced activation of MAPKs and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). In contrast, knockdown of FTL by shRNA showed the reverse effects. Therefore, our results indicate that FTL plays an anti-inflammatory role in response to LPS in murine macrophages and may have therapeutic potential for treating inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Linlin Cai
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Caizhi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Yongze Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Linhao You
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Yujian Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China
| | - Zhimin Yin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Yanzhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China.
| | - Xianglin Duan
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Reciprocal signalling between immunocompetent cells in the central nervous system (CNS) has emerged as a key phenomenon underpinning pathological and chronic pain mechanisms. Neuronal excitability can be powerfully enhanced both by classical neurotransmitters derived from neurons, and by immune mediators released from CNS-resident microglia and astrocytes, and from infiltrating cells such as T cells. In this Review, we discuss the current understanding of the contribution of central immune mechanisms to pathological pain, and how the heterogeneous immune functions of different cells in the CNS could be harnessed to develop new therapeutics for pain control. Given the prevalence of chronic pain and the incomplete efficacy of current drugs--which focus on suppressing aberrant neuronal activity--new strategies to manipulate neuroimmune pain transmission hold considerable promise.
Collapse
|
16
|
McLachlan EM, Hu P. Inflammation in dorsal root ganglia after peripheral nerve injury: effects of the sympathetic innervation. Auton Neurosci 2013; 182:108-17. [PMID: 24418114 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Following a peripheral nerve injury, a sterile inflammation develops in sympathetic and dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) with axons that project in the damaged nerve trunk. Macrophages and T-lymphocytes invade these ganglia where they are believed to release cytokines that lead to hyperexcitability and ectopic discharge, possibly contributing to neuropathic pain. Here, we examined the role of the sympathetic innervation in the inflammation of L5 DRGs of Wistar rats following transection of the sciatic nerve, comparing the effects of specific surgical interventions 10-14 days prior to the nerve lesion with those of chronic administration of adrenoceptor antagonists. Immunohistochemistry was used to define the invading immune cell populations 7 days after sciatic transection. Removal of sympathetic activity in the hind limb by transecting the preganglionic input to the relevant lumbar sympathetic ganglia (ipsi- or bilateral decentralization) or by ipsilateral removal of these ganglia with degeneration of postganglionic axons (denervation), caused less DRG inflammation than occurred after a sham sympathectomy. By contrast, denervation of the lymph node draining the lesion site potentiated T-cell influx. Systemic treatment with antagonists of α1-adrenoceptors (prazosin) or β-adrenoceptors (propranolol) led to opposite but unexpected effects on infiltration of DRGs after sciatic transection. Prazosin potentiated the influx of macrophages and CD4(+) T-lymphocytes whereas propranolol tended to reduce immune cell invasion. These data are hard to reconcile with many in vitro studies in which catecholamines acting mainly via β2-adrenoceptors have inhibited the activation and proliferation of immune cells following an inflammatory challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elspeth M McLachlan
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Ping Hu
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW 2031, and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Frank MG, Watkins LR, Maier SF. Stress-induced glucocorticoids as a neuroendocrine alarm signal of danger. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 33:1-6. [PMID: 23459026 PMCID: PMC5652304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable number of studies demonstrate that acute and chronic stressors prime CNS innate immune responses to subsequent pro-inflammatory challenges and that glucocorticoids mediate, in part, stress-induced sensitization of pro-inflammatory immune responses. Here, we explore the notion that GCs produce a persisting sensitization of CNS innate immune effectors (e.g. microglia) so that they will generate a potentiated pro-inflammatory response after the GC rise has dissipated, thereby enhancing the sickness response to infection or injury and maximizing the animal's ability to neutralize danger. The stress-induced GC response is conceptualized here as an neuroendocrine warning signal or alarmin to the innate immune system, which prepares or sensitizes the innate immune response to potential danger. Thus, a new understanding of the stress response and its function (priming CNS innate immune responses to infection or injury during a fight/flight emergency) would be suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Frank
- Corresponding author. Address: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, Campus Box 345, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA. Tel: +1 303 919 8116; fax: +1 303 492 2967. (M.G. Frank)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Deumens R, Steyaert A, Forget P, Schubert M, Lavand’homme P, Hermans E, De Kock M. Prevention of chronic postoperative pain: Cellular, molecular, and clinical insights for mechanism-based treatment approaches. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 104:1-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
19
|
Morris G, Anderson G, Galecki P, Berk M, Maes M. A narrative review on the similarities and dissimilarities between myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and sickness behavior. BMC Med 2013; 11:64. [PMID: 23497361 PMCID: PMC3751187 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of importance whether myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a variant of sickness behavior. The latter is induced by acute infections/injury being principally mediated through proinflammatory cytokines. Sickness is a beneficial behavioral response that serves to enhance recovery, conserves energy and plays a role in the resolution of inflammation. There are behavioral/symptomatic similarities (for example, fatigue, malaise, hyperalgesia) and dissimilarities (gastrointestinal symptoms, anorexia and weight loss) between sickness and ME/CFS. While sickness is an adaptive response induced by proinflammatory cytokines, ME/CFS is a chronic, disabling disorder, where the pathophysiology is related to activation of immunoinflammatory and oxidative pathways and autoimmune responses. While sickness behavior is a state of energy conservation, which plays a role in combating pathogens, ME/CFS is a chronic disease underpinned by a state of energy depletion. While sickness is an acute response to infection/injury, the trigger factors in ME/CFS are less well defined and encompass acute and chronic infections, as well as inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. It is concluded that sickness behavior and ME/CFS are two different conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Tir Na Nog, Bryn Road Seaside 87, Llanelli, SA152LW, UK
| | - George Anderson
- CRC Clinical Research Centre/Communications, Laurel Street 57, Glasgow, G11 7QT,UK
| | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Aleksandrowska 159, Lodz, 91229, Poland
| | - Michael Berk
- Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, PO Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health Research Centre, Poplar Road 35, Parkville, 3052, Australia
- Centre of Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Poplar Road 35, Parkville, 3052, Australia
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, Royal Parade 30, Parkville, 3052, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Level 1 North, Main Block, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, PO Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Rama 4 Road 1873, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Intracisternal interleukin-1 receptor antagonist prevents postoperative cognitive decline and neuroinflammatory response in aged rats. J Neurosci 2013; 32:14641-8. [PMID: 23077050 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2173-12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in aged rats, we used laparotomy to mimic human abdominal surgery in adult (3 months) and aged (24 months) F344/BN rats. We demonstrated that memory consolidation of the hippocampal-dependent contextual fear-conditioning task is significantly impaired in aged but not young rats 4 d after surgery. Hippocampal-independent auditory-cued fear memory was not disrupted by laparotomy in either age group. The hippocampal-dependent memory impairment was paralleled by elevations of IL-1β in the hippocampus of aged animals 1 and 4 d after surgery. These findings support our substantial line of previous research showing that aged animals are more vulnerable to cognitive decline after a peripheral immune challenge. In addition, we demonstrated that a single intracisternal administration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA; 112 μg) at the time of surgery was sufficient to block both the behavioral deficit and the neuroinflammatory response. Injecting the same dose of IL-1RA peripherally failed to have a protective effect. These data provide strong support for the specific role of central, not peripheral, IL-1β in POCD. Furthermore, the long-lasting presence of IL-1RA in the brain (4 d) compared with in the blood (<24 h) underscores the value of intracisternal administration of IL-1RA for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
|
21
|
Loram LC, Grace PM, Strand KA, Taylor FR, Ellis A, Berkelhammer D, Bowlin M, Skarda B, Maier SF, Watkins LR. Prior exposure to repeated morphine potentiates mechanical allodynia induced by peripheral inflammation and neuropathy. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26:1256-64. [PMID: 22902523 PMCID: PMC3491069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids, such as morphine, induce potent analgesia and are the gold standard for the treatment of acute pain. However, opioids also activate glia, inducing pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, which counter-regulates the analgesic properties of classical opioid receptor activation. It is not known how long these adverse pro-inflammatory effects last or whether prior morphine could sensitize the central nervous system (CNS) such that responses to a subsequent injury/inflammation would be exacerbated. Here, multiple models of inflammation or injury were induced two days after morphine (5mg/kg b.i.d., five days , s.c.) to test the generality of morphine sensitization of later pain. Prior repeated morphine potentiated the duration of allodynia from peripheral inflammatory challenges (complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into either hind paw skin or masseter muscle) and from peripheral neuropathy (mild chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve). Spinal cord and trigeminal nucleus caudalis mRNAs were analyzed to identify whether repeated morphine was sufficient to alter CNS expression of pro-inflammatory response genes, measured two days after cessation of treatment. Prior morphine elevated IL-1β mRNA at both sites, MHC-II and TLR4 in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis but not spinal cord, but not glial activation markers at either site. Finally, in order to identify whether morphine sensitized pro-inflammatory cytokine release, spinal cord was isolated two days after morphine dosing for five days , and slices stimulated ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide. The morphine significantly induced TNFα protein release. Therefore, repeated morphine is able to sensitize subsequent CNS responses to immune challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C. Loram
- Corresponding author: Lisa Loram, PhD, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, UCB 345, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309 USA, , Fax: 303-492-2967, Phone: 720-224-2860
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Glucocorticoids mediate stress-induced priming of microglial pro-inflammatory responses. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26:337-45. [PMID: 22041296 PMCID: PMC5652300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic stress sensitizes or "primes" the neuroinflammatory response to a subsequent pro-inflammatory challenge. While prior evidence shows that glucocorticoids (GCs) play a pivotal role in stress-induced potentiation of neuroinflammatory responses, it remains unclear whether stress-induced GCs sensitize the response of key CNS immune substrates (i.e. microglia) to pro-inflammatory stimuli. An ex vivo approach was used to address this question. Here, stress-induced GC signaling was manipulated in vivo and hippocampal microglia challenged with the pro-inflammatory stimulus LPS ex vivo. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were either pretreated in vivo with the GC receptor antagonist RU486 or adrenalectomized (ADX). Animals were then exposed to an acute stressor (inescapable tailshock; IS) and 24 h later hippocampal microglia were isolated and challenged with LPS to probe for stress-induced sensitization of pro-inflammatory responses. Prior exposure to IS resulted in a potentiated pro-inflammatory cytokine response (e.g. IL-1β gene expression) to LPS in isolated microglia. Treatment in vivo with RU486 and ADX inhibited or completely blocked this IS-induced sensitization of the microglial pro-inflammatory response. The present results suggest that stress-induced GCs function to sensitize the microglial pro-inflammatory response (IL-1β, IL-6, NFκBIα) to immunologic challenges.
Collapse
|