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Su Q, Yang SP, Guo JP, Rong YR, Sun Y, Chai YR. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute thymus involution in mice via AMPK/Sirt1 pathway. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:281-293. [PMID: 38886542 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The thymus, a site to culture the naïve T lymphocytes, is susceptible to atrophy or involution due to aging, inflammation, and oxidation. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been proven to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activity. Here, we investigate the effects of EGCG on thymic involution induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin derived from Gram-negative bacteria. The methodology included an in vivo experiment on female Kunming mice exposed to LPS and EGCG. Morphological assessment of thymic involution, immunohistochemical detection, and thymocyte subsets analysis by flow cytometry were further carried out to evaluate the potential role of EGCG on the thymus. As a result, we found that EGCG alleviated LPS-induced thymic atrophy, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide dismutase levels, and decreased malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species levels. In addition, EGCG pre-supplement restored the ratio of thymocyte subsets, the expression of autoimmune regulator, sex-determining region Y-box 2, and Nanog homebox, and reduced the number of senescent cells and collagen fiber deposition. Western blotting results indicated that EGCG treatment elevated LPS-induced decrease in pAMPK, Sirt1 protein expression. Collectively, EGCG relieved thymus architecture and function damaged by LPS via regulation of AMPK/Sirt1 signaling pathway. Our findings may provide a new strategy on protection of thymus from involution caused by LPS by using EGCG. And EGCG might be considered as a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of thymic involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Shu-Ping Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
- School of Medical Technology, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Jun-Ping Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yi-Ren Rong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yu-Rong Chai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
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2
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Segú H, Jalševac F, Sierra-Cruz M, Feliu F, Movassat J, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Terra X, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Blay MT. Assessing the impact of insect protein sources on intestinal health and disease: insights from human ex vivo and rat in vivo models. Food Funct 2024; 15:4552-4563. [PMID: 38584501 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00381k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of edible insects, specifically Alphitobius diaperinus and Tenebrio molitor, as sustainable sources of protein for human consumption is an emerging field. However, research into their effects on intestinal health, especially in relation to inflammation and permeability, remains limited. Using ex vivo and in vivo models of intestinal health and disease, in this study we assess the impact of the above insects on intestinal function by focusing on inflammation, barrier dysfunction and morphological changes. Initially, human intestinal explants were exposed to in vitro-digested extracts of these insects, almond and beef. Immune secretome analysis showed that the inflammatory response to insect-treated samples was comparatively lower than it was for samples exposed to almond and beef. Animal studies using yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and buffalo (Alphitobius diaperinus) flours were then used to evaluate their safety in healthy rats and LPS-induced intestinal dysfunction rats. Chronic administration of these insect-derived flours showed no adverse effects on behavior, metabolism, intestinal morphology or immune response (such as inflammation or allergy markers) in healthy Wistar rats. Notably, in rats subjected to proinflammatory LPS-induced intestinal dysfunction, T. molitor consumption did not exacerbate symptoms, nor did it increase allergic responses. These findings validate the safety of these edible insects under healthy conditions, demonstrate their innocuity in a model of intestinal dysfunction, and underscore their promise as sustainable and nutritionally valuable dietary protein sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Segú
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Florijan Jalševac
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Marta Sierra-Cruz
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Francesc Feliu
- Servei de Gastroenterologia, Institut Sanitari Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel.lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Biswal P, Samser S, Nayak P, Chandrasekhar V, Venkatasubbaiah K. Cobalt(II)porphyrin-Mediated Selective Synthesis of 1,5-Diketones via an Interrupted-Borrowing Hydrogen Strategy Using Methanol as a C1 Source. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6744-6754. [PMID: 33902283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel cobalt(II)porphyrin-mediated acceptorless dehydrogenation of methanol is reported for the first time. This methodology has been applied for the coupling of a variety of ketones with methanol to produce 1,5-diketones along with H2 and H2O as the environment friendly byproducts. This paradigm was also demonstrated for a one-pot synthesis of substituted pyridines using a sequential addition protocol where the 1,5-diketones were generated in situ. From many experiments including those involving deuterium labeling, it is proposed that protonated cobalt(II)porphyrin methoxide complex acts as an intermediate to generate formaldehyde along with a metal hydride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyabrata Biswal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India
| | - Shaikh Samser
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India
| | - Prakash Nayak
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishnan Venkatasubbaiah
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, HBNI, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India
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Ansari AR, Liu H. Acute Thymic Involution and Mechanisms for Recovery. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017; 65:401-420. [PMID: 28331940 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-017-0462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute thymic involution (ATI) is usually regarded as a virulence trait. It is caused by several infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi) and other factors, including stress, pregnancy, malnutrition and chemotherapy. However, the complex mechanisms that operate during ATI differ substantially from each other depending on the causative agent. For instance, a transient reduction in the size and weight of the thymus and depletion of populations of T cell subsets are hallmarks of ATI in many cases, whereas severe disruption of the anatomical structure of the organ is also associated with some factors, including fungal, parasitic and viral infections. However, growing evidence shows that ATI may be therapeutically halted or reversed. In this review, we highlight the current progress in this field with respect to numerous pathological factors and discuss the possible mechanisms. Moreover, these new observations also show that ATI can be mechanistically reversed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rahman Ansari
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CVAS), Jhang, Pakistan.,University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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5
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Hastings KT, Elizalde D, Muppana L, Levine S, Kamel CM, Ingram WM, Kirkpatrick JT, Hu C, Rausch MP, Gallitano AL. Nab2 maintains thymus cellularity with aging and stress. Mol Immunol 2017; 85:185-195. [PMID: 28282643 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thymic cellularity is influenced by a variety of biological and environmental factors, such as age and stress; however, little is known about the molecular genetic mechanisms that regulate this process. Immediate early genes of the Early growth response (Egr) family have critical roles in immune function and response to environmental stress. The transcription factors, Egr1, Egr2 and Egr3, play roles in the thymus and in peripheral T-cell activation. Nab2, which binds Egrs 1, 2, and 3 as a co-regulator of transcription, also regulates peripheral T-cell activation. However, a role for Nab2 in the thymus has not been reported. Using Nab2-deficient (KO) mice we found that male Nab2KO mice have reduced thymus size and decreased numbers of thymocytes, compared with age-matched wildtype (WT) mice. Furthermore, the number of thymocytes in Nab2KO males decreases more rapidly with age. This effect is sex-dependent as female Nab2KO mice show neither reduced thymocyte numbers nor accelerated thymocyte loss with age, compared to female WT littermates. Since stress induces expression of Nab2 and the Egrs, we examined whether loss of Nab2 alters stress-induced decrease in thymic cellularity. Restraint stress induced a significant decrease in thymic cellularity in Nab2KO and WT mice, with significant changes in the thymocyte subset populations only in the Nab2KO mice. Stress reduced the percentage of DP cells by half and increased the percentage of CD4SP and CD8SP cells by roughly three-fold in Nab2KO mice. These findings indicate a requirement for Nab2 in maintaining thymocyte number in male mice with age and in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Taraszka Hastings
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, 425 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Diana Elizalde
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, 425 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Leela Muppana
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, 425 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Sarah Levine
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, 425 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Christy M Kamel
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, 425 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Wendy M Ingram
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, 425 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Jennifer T Kirkpatrick
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, 425 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Chengcheng Hu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 714 E. Van Buren St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Matthew P Rausch
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, 425 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Amelia L Gallitano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, 425 N. 5th St., Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
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Scalea JR, Hickman JB, Moore DJ, Brayman KL. An overview of the necessary thymic contributions to tolerance in transplantation. Clin Immunol 2016; 173:S1521-6616(16)30382-5. [PMID: 27989896 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The thymus is important for the development of the immune system. However, aging leads to predictable involution of the thymus and immunodeficiency. These immunodeficiencies may be rectified with thymic rejuvenation. Atrophy of the thymus is governed by a complex interplay of molecular, cytokine and hormonal factors. Herein we review the interaction of these factors across age and how they may be targeted for thymic rejuvenation. We further discuss the growing pre-clinical evidence defining the necessary and sufficient contributions of the thymus to successful tolerance induction in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Scalea
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, United States.
| | - John B Hickman
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, United States
| | - Daniel J Moore
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, United States
| | - Kenneth L Brayman
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, United States; Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, United States
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7
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Pérez-García S, Carrión M, Gutiérrez-Cañas I, González-Álvaro I, Gomariz RP, Juarranz Y. VIP and CRF reduce ADAMTS expression and function in osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:678-87. [PMID: 26818776 PMCID: PMC5126260 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) family is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), working on aggrecan degradation or altering the integrity of extracellular matrix (ECM). Thus, the main purpose of our study was to define the role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), as immunoregulatory neuropeptides, on ADAMTS production in synovial fibroblasts (SF) from OA patients and healthy donors (HD). OA- and HD-SF were stimulated with pro-inflammatory mediators and treated with VIP or CRF. Both neuropeptides decreased ADAMTS-4, -5, -7 and -12 expressions, aggrecanase activity, glycosaminoglycans (GAG), and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) degradation after stimulation with fibronectin fragments (Fn-fs) in OA-SF. After stimulation with interleukin-1β, VIP reduced ADAMTS-4 and -5, and both neuropeptides decreased ADAMTS-7 production and COMP degradation. Moreover, VIP and CRF reduced Runx2 and β-catenin activation in OA-SF. Our data suggest that the role of VIP and CRF on ADAMTS expression and cartilage degradation could be related to the OA pathology since scarce effects were produced in HD-SF. In addition, their effects might be greater when a degradation loop has been established, given that they were higher after stimulation with Fn-fs. Our results point to novel OA therapies based on the use of neuropeptides, since VIP and CRF are able to stop the first critical step, the loss of cartilage aggrecan and the ECM destabilization during joint degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Pérez-García
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Carrión
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Gutiérrez-Cañas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidoro González-Álvaro
- Reumatology Service, Medical Research Institute, La Princesa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa P Gomariz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yasmina Juarranz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Abstract
The advantages of the aqueous reactions over the conventional ones were demonstrated in the synthesis of highly substituted 1,5-diketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Suliu Feng
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Chunbao Li
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
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