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Li X, Yang L, Wang G, Yuan Y, Wei N, Yang W, Wang X, Wang Z. Extensive cytokine biomarker analysis in serum of Guillain-Barré syndrome patients. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8354. [PMID: 37221406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35610-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute idiopathic polyneuropathy which is related to infection and immune mechanism. The exact pathogenesis of the disease is unknown and treatment is limited. Thus, the purpose of the study is to identify biomarkers of GBS serum and elucidate their involvement in the underlying pathogenesis of GBS that could help to treat GBS more accurately. Antibody array technology was used to detect the expression levels of 440 proteins in serum of 5 GBS group and 5 healthy control group. Sixty-seven differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified by antibody array, among which FoLR1, Legumain, ErbB4, IL-1α, MIP-1α and IGF-2 were down-regulated, while 61 proteins were up-regulated. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that most DEPs were associated with leukocytes, among which IL-1α, SDF-1b, B7-1, CD40, CTLA4, IL-9, MIP-1α and CD40L were in the center of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Subsequently, the ability of these DEPs to distinguish GBS from healthy control was further evaluated. CD23 was identified by means of Random Forests Analysis (RFA) and verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ROC curve result of CD23 respectively displayed that its sensitivity, specificity and AUC were 0.818, 0.800 and 0.824. We speculate that activation of leukocyte proliferation and migration in circulating blood might be associated with inflammatory recruitment of peripheral nerves, leading to the occurrence and development of GBS, but this conclusion still requires deeper confirmation. More importantly, central proteins may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of GBS. In addition, we detected IL-1α, IL-9, and CD23 in the serum of GBS patients for the first time, which may be promising biomarkers for the treatment of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Li
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yanping Yuan
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Na Wei
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Wanqiu Yang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- The No.1 People's Hospital of Shizuishan, Shizuishan, 753200, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhenhai Wang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
- Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Nervous System Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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Song Y, Xing C, Lu T, Liu C, Wang W, Wang S, Feng X, Bi J, Wang Q, Lai C. Aberrant Dendritic Cell Subsets in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis and Related Clinical Features. Neuroimmunomodulation 2023; 30:69-80. [PMID: 36780882 DOI: 10.1159/000529626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dendritic cells (DCs) play critical roles in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG), and a series of DC-based experimental strategies for MG have recently been developed. However, the definite roles of different DC subsets in the mechanism of MG have scarcely been covered by previous studies. The present study aimed to investigate the levels of three main DC subsets, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) (CD303 positive) and two distinct subsets of conventional DCs (cDCs), namely CD1c+ cDCs and CD141+ cDCs, in MG patients and analyze related clinical features. METHODS From January 2016 to December 2020, 160 newly diagnosed MG patients and matched healthy controls (n = 160) were included in the study, and their clinical data were collected. The blood samples from MG patients before treatment and controls were collected for flow cytometry analysis. A total of 14 MG thymoma, 24 control thymoma, and 3 thymic cysts were used to immunostain the DC subsets. RESULTS The flow cytometry analysis showed a significantly higher frequency of circulating pDCs, CD1c+ cDCs, and CD141+ cDCs in MG patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.001 for all). Patients with early-onset MG (<50 years old) had a lower frequency of circulating pDCs but a higher frequency of circulating CD1c+ cDCs than those with late-onset MG (≥50 years old) (p = 0.014 and p = 0.025, respectively). The frequency of circulating pDCs was positively associated with the clinical severity of late-onset MG patients (r = 0.613, p < 0.001). 64.3% (9/14) of MG thymoma is of type B2 under the World Health Organization classification, which is higher than that in control thymoma (33.3%, 8/24) (p = 0.019). For type B2 thymoma, there were significantly more pDCs but fewer CD1c+ cDCs in MG thymoma than in the controls. CONCLUSION The distribution of aberrant pDCs, CD1c+ cDCs, and CD141+ cDCs in MG patients displayed age- and thymoma-related differences, which may contribute to the impaired immune tolerance and lead to the onset of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Chunye Xing
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Tianyang Lu
- Department of Public Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Shaoqiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xungang Feng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jianzhong Bi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Lai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Constant O, Maarifi G, Blanchet FP, Van de Perre P, Simonin Y, Salinas S. Role of Dendritic Cells in Viral Brain Infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:862053. [PMID: 35529884 PMCID: PMC9072653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.862053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain access to the brain, a so-called immune-privileged organ due to its physical separation from the blood stream, pathogens and particularly viruses have been selected throughout evolution for their use of specific mechanisms. They can enter the central nervous system through direct infection of nerves or cerebral barriers or through cell-mediated transport. Indeed, peripheral lymphoid and myeloid immune cells can interact with the blood-brain and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers and allow viral brain access using the "Trojan horse" mechanism. Among immune cells, at the frontier between innate and adaptive immune responses, dendritic cells (DCs) can be pathogen carriers, regulate or exacerbate antiviral responses and neuroinflammation, and therefore be involved in viral transmission and spread. In this review, we highlight an important contribution of DCs in the development and the consequences of viral brain infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orianne Constant
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, France
| | - Ghizlane Maarifi
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabien P. Blanchet
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Van de Perre
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, France
| | - Yannick Simonin
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, France
| | - Sara Salinas
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (INSERM), University of Montpellier, Etablissement Français du Sang, Montpellier, France
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Wu CL, Chao CH, Lin SW, Chien YY, Huang WY, Weng WC, Su FC, Wei YC. Case Report: Plasma Biomarkers Reflect Immune Mechanisms of Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Front Neurol 2021; 12:720794. [PMID: 34539561 PMCID: PMC8446349 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.720794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This case series reported a group of patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) and their plasma cytokine changes before and after immunotherapy. We aimed to understand GBS's pathogenesis and pathophysiology through observing the interval differences of the representative cytokines, which were the thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC) for T-cell chemotaxis, CD40 ligand (CD40L) for cosimulation of B and T cells, activated complement component C5/C5a, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) for survival and regenerative responses to nerve injuries. The fluorescence magnetic bead-based multiplexing immunoassay simultaneously quantified the five cytokines in a single sample. From June 2018 to December 2019, we enrolled five GBS patients who had completed before–after blood cytokine measurements. One patient was diagnosed with paraneoplastic GBS and excluded from the following cytokine analysis. The BDNF level decreased consistently in all the patients and made it a potential biomarker for the acute stage of GBS. Interval changes of the other four cytokines were relatively inconsistent and possibly related to interindividual differences in the immune response to GBS triggers, types of GBS variants, and classes of antiganglioside antibodies. In summary, utilizing the multiplexing immunoassay helps in understanding the complex immune mechanisms of GBS and the variation of immune responses in GBS subtypes; this method is feasible for identifying potential biomarkers of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Chao
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Wen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yi Chien
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Weng
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chieh Su
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Wei
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City, Taiwan
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Zhao Z, Zhang R, Gao X, Li H, Liu H. Altered serum levels of IL-36 cytokines (IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and IL-36Ra) and their potential roles in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23832. [PMID: 33350771 PMCID: PMC7769357 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute autoimmune neurological disorder mainly involving the peripheral nerves. Currently, various cytokines have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of GBS. Because of their similar biological structures, interleukin (IL)-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and IL-36 receptor antagonist (Ra) were all renamed and collectively called IL-36 cytokines. The roles of IL-36 cytokines in GBS currently remain unclear.Forty-two patients with GBS and 32 healthy volunteers were included in our study. Serum IL-36α, β, γ, and interleukin-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra) levels of patients with GBS in the acute and remission phases and healthy volunteers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, we examined the serum levels of other inflammatory factors that have been shown to be involved in GBS pathogenesis, represented by IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Furthermore, the correlations between the serum levels of IL-36 cytokines and different clinical data or the serum levels of other inflammatory factors in GBS patients were analyzed.Significantly higher serum IL-36α and IL-36γ levels were measured in the acute phase than in the remission phase and in healthy control (HC) subjects (P < .05), while lower serum IL-36Ra levels were measured in the acute phase than in the remission phase and in HC subjects (P < .05). Serum IL-36α and IL-36γ levels were positively correlated with GBS disability scale scores (GDSs), while serum IL-36Ra levels were negatively correlated with GDSs. Correlation analyses among inflammatory factors showed that serum IL-36α and IL-36γ levels in GBS patients were positively correlated with serum IL-17 and TNF-α levels, while serum IL-36Ra levels were negatively correlated with the levels of these 2 inflammatory factors. Similar results were observed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), IL-36α and IL-36γ levels in CSF were positively correlated with GDSs, while IL-36Ra levels in CSF were negatively correlated with GDSs. Additionally, the serum and CSF levels of IL-36α and IL-36γ in the axonal subtype of GBS patients were higher than those in the demyelination subtype.Based on our findings, IL-36 cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of GBS and some of these cytokines may help predict the disease severity and other clinical characteristics of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinxin Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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