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Yang T, Hou X, Li X, Chen X, Qu Z, Zhang W, Wang M, Li J. Altered static brain activity and functional connectivity after heat stroke. Neuroreport 2024; 35:1035-1040. [PMID: 39292952 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the alteration of brain function based on resting-state functional MRI in patients after heat stroke. This study included 10 cases of patients after heat stroke and 10 cases of healthy controls. Abnormal brain function was calculated using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and degree centrality analysis, as well as functional connectivity analysis based on regions of interest (ROI). Correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the association between brain function changes and clinical scales. Combining ALFF and degree centrality results, the decreased brain regions included the left cuneus and the right angular gyrus, while the increased brain regions included the right cerebellar_Crus1. Using the left cuneus with significant differences in ALFF and degree centrality as ROI, the functional connectivity results revealed decreased brain regions including bilateral lingual gyrus, bilateral postcentral cingulate gyrus, and left precentral gyrus. The degree centrality value of the right cerebellar_Crus1 was positively correlated with glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores ( r = 0.726, P = 0.027), and the functional connectivity value of the right posterior cingulate gyrus was positively correlated with GCS scores ( r = 0.717, P = 0.030). Heat stroke patients exhibit abnormal activity in multiple brain regions, which has important clinical significance for evaluating the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University
| | - Xinyu Hou
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University
| | - Zhengwei Qu
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University
| | - Maoyang Wang
- Department of Imaging Technology, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University
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2
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Xu A, Huang F, Chen E, Zhang Z, He Y, Yu X, He G. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy attenuates heatstroke-induced hippocampal injury by inhibiting microglial pyroptosis. Int J Hyperthermia 2024; 41:2382162. [PMID: 39043380 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2024.2382162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Central nervous system (CNS) injury is the most prominent feature of heatstroke and the hippocampus is prone to damage. However, the mechanisms underlying the heatstroke-induced hippocampal injury remain unclear. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy prevents CNS injury in heatstroke mice. However, the underlying mechanisms of HBO in heatstroke-induced hippocampal injury remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the protective effects of HBO against hippocampal injury and its potential role in microglial pyroptosis in heatstroke rats.Methods: A rat heatstroke model and a heat stress model with a mouse microglial cell line (BV2) were, respectively, used to illustrate the effect of HBO on heat-induced microglial pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro. We used a combination of molecular and histological methods to assess microglial pyroptosis and neuroinflammation both in vivo and in vitro.Results: The results revealed that HBO improved heatstroke-induced survival outcomes, hippocampal injury, and neurological dysfunction in rats. In addition, HBO mitigates microglial pyroptosis and reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus of heatstroke rats. In vitro experiments showed that HBO attenuated BV2 cell injury under heat stress. Furthermore, HBO prevented heat-induced pyroptosis of BV2 cells, and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-1β was reduced. Mechanistically, HBO alleviates heatstroke-induced neuroinflammation and hippocampal injury by preventing microglial pyroptosis. Conclusions: In conclusion, HBO attenuates heatstroke-induced neuroinflammation and hippocampal injury by inhibiting microglial pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancong Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Huang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Er Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Yanxuan He
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xichong Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guoxin He
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Du G, Yang Z, Wen Y, Li X, Zhong W, Li Z, Zhang S, Luo E, Ding H, Li W. Heat stress induces IL-1β and IL-18 overproduction via ROS-activated NLRP3 inflammasome: implication in neuroinflammation in mice with heat stroke. Neuroreport 2024; 35:558-567. [PMID: 38687900 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Heat stroke induced cerebral damage via neuroinflammation. This study aimed to approach whether heat stress would promote NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome via reactive oxygen species (ROS). The mice were randomly divided into the sham group, the heat stress group, and the heat stress + TEMPOL (ROS scavenger) group. And the NLRP3 -/- mice were applied and divided into the NLRP3 -/- + sham group and the NLRP3 -/- + heat stress group. Furthermore, the BV2 cells were divided into four groups following the intervention measures: the heat stress + TEMPOL group, the heat stress + Z-VAD-FMK (caspase-1 inhibitor) group, the heat stress group, and the control group. ROS levels were examined. The expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were detected by western blotting and double immunofluorescence. We found that heat stress attack induced excessive ROS in microglia and subsequently activated NLRP3 inflammasome in both mice and BV2 cells. When ROS scavenged, the expression level of NLRP3 was downregulated. Furthermore, with NLRP3 inflammasome activation, the expression levels of caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were increased. In NLRP3 -/- mice, however, the caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 were significantly declined. Further experiments showed that pretreatment of caspase-1 inhibitor decreased the expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18. These results suggest that heat stress attack caused neuroinflammation via excessive ROS activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Du
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Luoding People's Hospital, Yunfu
| | - Zixi Yang
- College of Continuing Education, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang
| | - Yin Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine
| | - Xusheng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
| | | | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine
| | | | - Ensi Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Jinan University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hongguang Ding
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Weifeng Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
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Wang L, Ye B, Liu Y, Li J, Li C, Wen M, Li H. Xuebijing Injection Attenuates Heat Stroke-Induced Brain Injury through Oxidative Stress Blockage and Parthanatos Modulation via PARP-1/AIF Signaling. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:33392-33402. [PMID: 37744847 PMCID: PMC10515343 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Heat stroke (HS) is a potentially fatal acute condition caused by an interplay of complex events including inflammation, endothelial injury, and coagulation abnormalities that make its pharmacological treatment a challenging problem. The traditional Chinese medicine Xuebijing injection (XBJ) has been shown to reduce inflammatory responses and prevent organ injuries in HS-induced mice. However, the underlying mechanism of XBJ in HS-induced brain injury remains unclear. In this study, HS-induced rat models and cell models were established to elucidate the effects and underlying mechanisms of XBJ injection on HS-induced brain injury in vivo and in vitro. The results revealed that XBJ injection improved the survival outcome of HS rats and attenuated HS-induced brain injury in a concentration-dependent manner. Subsequently, the reduction in viability and proliferation of neurons induced by HS were reversed by XBJ treatment, while the HS-induced increased ROS levels and neuron death were also inhibited by XBJ injection. Mechanistically, HS activated PARP-1/AIF signaling in vitro and in vivo, inducing the translocation of AIF from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, leading to PARP-1-dependent cell death of neurons. Additionally, we compared XBJ injection effects in young and old age rats. Results showed that XBJ also provided protective effects in HS-induced brain injury in aging rats; however, the treatment efficacy of XBJ injection at the same concentration was more significant in the young age rats. In conclusion, XBJ injection attenuates HS-induced brain injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and Parthanatos via the PARP-1/AIF signaling, which might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for HS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department
of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Boxin Ye
- The
First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou
University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Yongrui Liu
- The
First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou
University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Jun Li
- The
First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou
University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Chunhe Li
- Department
of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Minyong Wen
- Department
of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department
of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, China
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Li Q, Han M, Luo X, Han X, Zheng L, Li J. Application of diffusion tensor imaging and functional alterations in evaluating brain alterations related to heatstroke in a rat model. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 95:63-69. [PMID: 36368494 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the alterations in resting-state functions and neural structures in the brain of a heatstroke rat model and explore the underlying relationship. METHODS In total, 17 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (CTRL, n = 7) and a heatstroke group (HS, n = 10). All rats underwent 7.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). T2-weighted imaging, resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were obtained. On day 25, the surviving HS group rats (the follow-up group, FU, n = 7) were scanned again. RESULTS Heatstroke resulted in functional alterations and structural damage in the cerebellar molecular layer (CML), right perirhinal area (PA), pretectal region (PR), right dentate gyrus, and external cortex of the inferior colliculus (ECIC). Further functional changes occur in the right temporal associative cortex (TAC), left retrosplenial cortex (RC), and CML during convalescence. The fractional anisotropy values were significantly positively correlated with the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) (HS-CML: r = 0.746, p = 0.034; right PR: r = 0.648, p = 0.049; FU-right PA: r = 0.817, p = 0.025)/regional homogeneity (ReHo) ratio (HS-CML: r = 0.833, p = 0.008; ECIC: r = 0.678, p = 0.045) and negatively correlated with the ALFF (FU-left RC: r = -0.818, p = 0.024; right TAC: r = -0.813, p = 0.049). CONCLUSION DTI and rs-fMRI allow meticulous monitoring of the progression of neurological and functional alterations in the brain after heatstroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglong Li
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China; School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Mingxing Han
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China; School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China; School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China; School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
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Cao W, Wang X, Li J, Yan M, Chang CH, Kim J, Jiang J, Liao YP, Tseng S, Kusumoputro S, Lau C, Huang M, Han P, Lu P, Xia T. NLRP3 inflammasome activation determines the fibrogenic potential of PM 2.5 air pollution particles in the lung. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 111:429-441. [PMID: 34949371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is known to cause respiratory inflammation such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung fibrosis. NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been implicated in these diseases; however, due to the complexity in PM2.5 compositions, it is difficult to differentiate the roles of the components in triggering this pathway. We collected eight real-life PM2.5 samples for a comparative analysis of their effects on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and lung fibrosis. In vitro assays showed that although the PM2.5 particles did not induce significant cytotoxicity at the dose range of 12.5 to 100 µg/mL, they induced potent TNF-α and IL-1β production in PMA differentiated THP-1 human macrophages and TGF-β1 production in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells. At the dose of 100 µg/mL, PM2.5 induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inducing lysosomal damage and cathepsin B release, leading to IL-1β production. This was confirmed by using NLRP3- and ASC-deficient cells as well as a cathepsin B inhibitor, ca-074 ME. Administration of PM2.5 via oropharyngeal aspiration at 2 mg/kg induced significant TGF-β1 production in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and collagen deposition in the lung at 21 days post-exposure, suggesting PM2.5 has the potential to induce pulmonary fibrosis. The ranking of in vitro IL-1β production correlates well with the in vivo total cell count, TGF-β1 production, and collagen deposition. In summary, we demonstrate that the PM2.5 is capable of inducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which triggers a series of cellular responses in the lung to induce fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States.
| | - Jiulong Li
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States
| | - Ming Yan
- Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States
| | - Joshua Kim
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States
| | - Shannon Tseng
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States
| | - Sydney Kusumoputro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States
| | - Candice Lau
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States
| | - Marissa Huang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States
| | - Pengli Han
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Pengju Lu
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China; Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, CA, United States.
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Modulation of microglial phenotypes by dexmedetomidine through TREM2 reduces neuroinflammation in heatstroke. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13345. [PMID: 34172807 PMCID: PMC8233427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
No FDA approved pharmacological therapy is available to reduce neuroinflammation following heatstroke. Previous studies have indicated that dexmedetomidine (DEX) could protect against inflammation and brain injury in various inflammation-associated diseases. However, no one has tested whether DEX has neuro-protective effects in heatstroke. In this study, we focused on microglial phenotypic modulation to investigate the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of DEX in vivo and in vitro. We found that DEX treatment reduced the expression of CD68, iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and increased the expression of CD206, Arg1, IL-10 and TGF-β in microglia, ameliorating heatstroke induced neuroinflammation and brain injury in mice. TREM2, whose neuro-protective function has been validated by genetic studies in Alzheimer's disease and Nasu-Hakola disease, was significantly promoted by DEX in the microglia. TREM2 esiRNA reversed the DEX-induced activation of PI3K/Akt signalling. Overall these findings indicated that DEX may serve, as a potential therapeutic approach to ameliorate heatstroke induced neuroinflammation and brain injury via TREM2 by activating PI3K/Akt signalling.
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Tseng CK, Liu TT, Lin TC, Cheng CP. Expression of heme oxygenase-1 in type II pneumocytes protects against heatstroke-induced lung damage. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:67-76. [PMID: 32844330 PMCID: PMC7736423 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heatstroke (HS) is an acute clinical disease characterized by abnormal hyperthermia and multi-organ dysfunction. Heme oxygenase (HO)-1, also called heat shock protein (HSP)32, is induced by hyperthermia and also plays protective roles in many lung disease models. Based on this phenomenon, we investigated the protective role of endogenous HO-1 in heat-induced lung damage in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were separated into three groups: (a) normothermic sham, (b) HS, and (c) SnPP (inhibitor of HO-1) pretreatment rats. In the HS group, rats were killed at various time points (1, 3, 6, and 12 h after heat exposure) in order to analyze messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein levels. Lung sections were examined for tissue damage and localization of HO-1 using immunofluorescence double labeling. We found that HS induced lung pathology (congested and thickened lung septa). The level of HO-1 mRNA was increased at 1 h, and the protein level peaked at 6 h after heat exposure. Pretreatment with SnPP (tin-protoporphyrin IX, 30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection for 1 h before heat exposure) aggravated the lung damage. Furthermore, we demonstrated HO-1 expression in lung type II pneumocytes. Our results suggest that endogenous HO-1 is protective against HS-induced lung damage. Induction of HO-1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating heat-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Kun Tseng
- Tri-Service General Hospital Songsang Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ta Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Nursing Department, Center for General Education, Kang-Ning University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chieh Lin
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Pi Cheng
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec. 6, Min-Chuan E. Rd., Neihu, 114, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lee S, Kim OJ, Lee KO, Jung H, Oh SH, Kim NK. Enhancing the Therapeutic Potential of CCL2-Overexpressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Acute Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207795. [PMID: 33096826 PMCID: PMC7588958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is effective for experimental stroke, low engraftment and the limited functional capacity of transplanted cells are critical hurdles for clinical applications. C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is associated with neurological repair after stroke and delivery of various cells into the brain via CCL2/CCR2 (CCL2 receptor) interaction. In this study, after CCL2-overexpressing human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUC-MSCs) were intravenously transplanted with mannitol in rats with middle cerebral arterial occlusion, we compared the differences between four different treatment groups: mannitol + CCL2-overexpressing hUC-MSCs (CCL2-MSC), mannitol + naïve hUC-MSCs (M-MSC), mannitol only, and control. At four-weeks post-transplantation, the CCL2-MSC group showed significantly better functional recovery and smaller stroke volume relative to the other groups. Additionally, we observed upregulated levels of CCR2 in acute ischemic brain and the increase of migrated stem cells into these areas in the CCL2-MSC group relative to the M-MSC. Moreover, the CCL2-MSC group displayed increased angiogenesis and endogenous neurogenesis, decreased neuro-inflammation but with increased healing-process inflammatory cells relative to other groups. These findings indicated that CCL2-overexpressing hUC-MSCs showed better functional recovery relative to naïve hUC-MSCs according to the increased migration of these cells into brain areas of higher CCR2 expression, thereby promoting subsequent endogenous brain repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghun Lee
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (S.L.); (K.O.L.); (H.J.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Ok Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (S.L.); (K.O.L.); (H.J.); (S.-H.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-780-5481; Fax: +82-31-780-5269
| | - Kee Ook Lee
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (S.L.); (K.O.L.); (H.J.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Hyeju Jung
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (S.L.); (K.O.L.); (H.J.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Seung-Hun Oh
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea; (S.L.); (K.O.L.); (H.J.); (S.-H.O.)
| | - Nam Keun Kim
- Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea;
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10
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Zhang Y, Deng Z, Li Y, Yuan R, Yang M, Zhao Y, Wang L, Zhou F, Kang H. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Provide Neuroprotection by Regulating Heat Stroke-Induced Brain Inflammation. Front Neurol 2020; 11:372. [PMID: 32477247 PMCID: PMC7232542 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stroke (HS) is the most acute type of heat illness accompanied with serious central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Despite the pathological process being clearly studied, effective treatment is deficient. Currently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects as there are no old ones. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to explore the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of MSCs against HS-induced CNS injury. HS in rat models was induced by a high-temperature environment and treated with MSCs via the tail vein. The results demonstrated that MSC injection significantly reduced the mortality and inhibited the circulation inflammatory response. Moreover, the HS-induced neurological deficit and neuronic damage of the hippocampus were significantly ameliorated by MSC administration. In addition, MSC administration significantly restored astrocytes and inhibited cerebral inflammatory response. These results indicate that MSC infusion has therapeutic effects in HS of rats by regulating the circulation and cerebral inflammatory response. Moreover, astrocytes increased in MSC-treated HS rats when compared with the untreated ones. This may suggest a potential mechanism for HS prevention and therapy through MSC administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Zihui Deng
- Biochemistry Department of Graduate School, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Feihu Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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11
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Marro BS, Skinner DD, Cheng Y, Grist JJ, Dickey LL, Eckman E, Stone C, Liu L, Ransohoff RM, Lane TE. Disrupted CXCR2 Signaling in Oligodendroglia Lineage Cells Enhances Myelin Repair in a Viral Model of Multiple Sclerosis. J Virol 2019; 93:e00240-19. [PMID: 31243125 PMCID: PMC6714798 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00240-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR2 is a chemokine receptor expressed on oligodendroglia that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory demyelinating diseases as well as enhancement of the migration, proliferation, and myelin production by oligodendroglia. Using an inducible proteolipid protein (Plp) promoter-driven Cre-loxP recombination system, we were able to assess how timed ablation of Cxcr2 in oligodendroglia affected disease following intracranial infection with the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV). Generation of Plp-Cre-ER(T)::Cxcr2flox/flox transgenic mice (termed Cxcr2-CKO mice) allows for Cxcr2 to be silenced in oligodendrocytes in adult mice following treatment with tamoxifen. Ablation of oligodendroglia Cxcr2 did not influence clinical severity in response to intracranial infection with JHMV. Infiltration of activated T cells or myeloid cells into the central nervous system (CNS) was not affected, nor was the ability to control viral infection. In addition, the severity of demyelination was similar between tamoxifen-treated mice and vehicle-treated controls. Notably, deletion of Cxcr2 resulted in increased remyelination, as assessed by g-ratio (the ratio of the inner axonal diameter to the total outer fiber diameter) calculation, compared to that in vehicle-treated control mice. Collectively, our findings argue that CXCR2 signaling in oligodendroglia is dispensable with regard to contributing to neuroinflammation, but its deletion enhances remyelination in a preclinical model of the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS).IMPORTANCE Signaling through the chemokine receptor CXCR2 in oligodendroglia is important for developmental myelination in rodents, while chemical inhibition or nonspecific genetic deletion of CXCR2 appears to augment myelin repair in animal models of the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS). To better understand the biology of CXCR2 signaling on oligodendroglia, we generated transgenic mice in which Cxcr2 is selectively ablated in oligodendroglia upon treatment with tamoxifen. Using a viral model of neuroinflammation and demyelination, we demonstrate that genetic silencing of CXCR2 on oligodendroglia did not affect clinical disease, neuroinflammation, or demyelination, yet there was increased remyelination. These findings support and extend previous findings suggesting that targeting CXCR2 may offer a therapeutic avenue for enhancing remyelination in patients with demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett S Marro
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dominic D Skinner
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yuting Cheng
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jonathan J Grist
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Laura L Dickey
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Emily Eckman
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Colleen Stone
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Liping Liu
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard M Ransohoff
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Immunology, Inflammation & Infectious Disease Initiative, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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12
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Study on the Mechanism of Curcumin Regulating Lung Injury Induced by Outdoor Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5). Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:8613523. [PMID: 31530996 PMCID: PMC6721509 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8613523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to PM induces oxidative stress, leading to a variety of health problems. In particular, PM2.5 contains a lot of substances harmful to the human body and penetrates into the lungs to induce lung injury. At the same time, there is increasing evidence that oxidative stress also affects the severity of lung injury. However, there is still no good way to reduce or eliminate these hazards. In the future, more experimental research is needed to further confirm the mechanisms of these hazards and formulate effective preventive measures and treatment plans for their hazard mechanisms. Curcumin has been reported to reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory damage and protect organs. Objective To investigate whether curcumin can play a protective role against PM2.5-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory damage by inducing expression of the HO-1/CO/P38 MAPK pathway. Methods In this experiment, PM2.5 was dropped into the trachea to establish a lung injury model in mice. 28 SPF-grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, saline control group, PM2.5 treatment group, and curcumin intervention group. Albumin (ALB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured in alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to assess lung tissue damage. Colorimetric detection of oxidative stress indicators such as MDA, GSH-PX, T-AOC, and CAT in the lung tissue was performed. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the lung tissue were determined by ELISA. Histopathological examination was used for the assessment of alveolar epithelial damage. The protein expression of the HO-1/P38 MAPK pathway in the lung tissue was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Endogenous CO was detected by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the expression of the HO-1/CO/P38 MAPK protein in the lung tissue was significantly increased in the curcumin intervention group compared with the PM2.5 treatment group, and it was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Compared with the PM2.5 treatment group, the curcumin intervention group can reduce the amount of ALB, LDH, and ALP in BALF; reduce the levels of MDA, IL-1, and TNF-α in the lung tissue; and improve GSH-PX, T-AOC, and CAT levels, but there is no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion We found that PM2.5 can cause lung damage through oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses increase the expression of HO-1/CO/P38 MAPK. The intervention of curcumin can further increase the expression of HO-1/CO/P38 MAPK.
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13
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Li R, Smith A, Tadinada H, Hovet S, Tse ZTH. Heatguard: An ultra-low-cost three-dimensional-printed sensor for skin temperature alert and reporting system. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2019; 233:525-534. [PMID: 30880571 DOI: 10.1177/0954411919837305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A heatstroke is one of the most serious forms of heat injury and is classified as a medical emergency. It is characterized by an elevated core body temperature along with the failed body cooling mechanism in response to the sudden heat-up. People vulnerable to a heatstroke are children, elders and sports professionals. Previous efforts have emphasized exercise adjustments and post-treatments, such as environmental-based activity modification and cold-water immersion. However, the general public, especially elders, will have difficulty to conduct such adjustments by themselves. Moreover, few studies have been conducted on the early preventive measurement stage. A wearable three-dimensional-printed thermochromic device proposed here can warn the people of a sudden rise in skin temperature and can advise them to take quick action. Combined with the smartphone applications, for both the android and iPhone platform, the device is able to monitor real-time skin temperature and alerts the people who are vulnerable to a heatstroke. The three-dimensional printable resin developed can change color at a specific activation temperature. The device has undergone a series of performance tests in order to optimize the color transition rate and stability of color change. The accuracy of our device is compared to the conventional thermometer; the regression analysis shows the R2 value is 0.7599 and the average error is 1.3 °C. Future work will be to mitigate the surrounding lighting effects on the smartphone camera and further improve our device accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- 1 College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Aaron Smith
- 1 College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Harshitha Tadinada
- 2 Department of Computer Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sierra Hovet
- 3 Medical Robotics Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Zion Tsz Ho Tse
- 4 University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,5 Thermochrome, Athens, GA, USA
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Li P, Wang G, Zhang XL, He GL, Luo X, Yang J, Luo Z, Shen TT, Yang XS. MicroRNA-155 Promotes Heat Stress-Induced Inflammation via Targeting Liver X Receptor α in Microglia. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:12. [PMID: 30778287 PMCID: PMC6369214 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The neuroinflammatory responses of microglial cells play an important role in the process of brain dysfunction caused by heat stroke. MicroRNAs are reportedly involved in a complex signaling network and have been identified as neuroinflammatory regulators. In this study, we determined the biological roles of microRNA-155 in the inflammatory responses in heat-stressed microglia and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods: MicroRNA-155 mimic and inhibitor were used to separately upregulate or downregulate microRNA-155 expression. The activation state of BV-2 microglial cells (BV-2 cells) was assessed via immunoreactions using the microglial marker CD11b and CD68. Levels of induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling proteins was evaluated by Western blotting for inhibitory kappa B alpha (IκBα) and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and indirect immunofluorescence analysis using a p65 phosphorylation antibody. A luciferase reporter assay was used to verify liver X receptor α (LXRα) as a target gene of microRNA-155. Results: Heat stress significantly induced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α release and increased the expression of CD11b and CD68. In addition, IκBα and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation were dramatically increased by heat stress, and microRNA-155 expression was also elevated. High expression of microRNA-155 in heat-stressed microglial cells was inversely correlated with LXRα expression. We then determined the role of microRNA-155 in the heat stress-induced inflammatory responses. The results revealed that by targeting LXRα, microRNA-155 enhanced NF-κB signaling activation and facilitated immune inflammation in heat stress-treated BV-2 cells. Conclusion: MicroRNA-155 promotes heat stress-induced inflammatory responses in microglia. The underlying mechanisms may include facilitating inflammatory factors expression by increasing NF-κB pathway activation via targeting LXRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gong Wang
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Zhang
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, China
| | - Gen-Lin He
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Sen Yang
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Thrombin Inhibition Reduces the Expression of Brain Inflammation Markers upon Systemic LPS Treatment. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:7692182. [PMID: 30018633 PMCID: PMC6029482 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7692182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation and brain pathologies are known to be linked. In the periphery, the inflammation and coagulation systems are simultaneously activated upon diseases and infections. Whether this well-established interrelation also counts for neuroinflammation and coagulation factor expression in the brain is still an open question. Our aim was to study whether the interrelationship between coagulation and inflammation factors may occur in the brain in the setting of systemic inflammation. The results indicate that systemic injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) upregulate the expression of both inflammatory and coagulation factors in the brain. The activity of the central coagulation factor thrombin was tested by a fluorescent method and found to be significantly elevated in the hippocampus following systemic LPS injection (0.5 ± 0.15 mU/mg versus 0.2 ± 0.03 mU/mg in the control). A panel of coagulation factors and effectors (such as thrombin, FX, PAR1, EPCR, and PC) was tested in the hippocampus, isolated microglia, and N9 microglia cell by Western blot and real-time PCR and found to be modulated by LPS. One central finding is a significant increase in FX expression level following LPS induction both in vivo in the hippocampus and in vitro in N9 microglia cell line (5.5 ± 0.6- and 2.3 ± 0.1-fold of increase, resp.). Surprisingly, inhibition of thrombin activity (by a specific inhibitor NAPAP) immediately after LPS injection results in a reduction of both the inflammatory (TNFα, CXL9, and CCL1; p < 0.006) and coagulation responses (FX and PAR1; p < 0.004) in the brain. We believe that these results may have a profound clinical impact as they might indicate that reducing coagulation activity in the setting of neurological diseases involving neuroinflammation may improve disease outcome and survival.
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