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Arlt FA, Breuer A, Trampenau E, Boesl F, Kirchner M, Mertins P, Sánchez-Sendín E, Nasouti M, Mayrhofer M, Blüthner M, Endres M, Prüss H, Franke C. High serum prevalence of autoreactive IgG antibodies against peripheral nerve structures in patients with neurological post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1404800. [PMID: 39156891 PMCID: PMC11327052 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1404800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Patients suffering from neurological symptoms after COVID-19 vaccination (post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS)) have imposed an increasing challenge on medical practice, as diagnostic precision and therapeutic options are lacking. Underlying autoimmune dysfunctions, including autoantibodies, have been discussed in neurological disorders after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Here, we describe the frequency and targets of autoantibodies against peripheral nervous system tissues in PCVS. Methods Sera from 50 PCVS patients with peripheral neurological symptoms after COVID-19 vaccination and 35 vaccinated healthy controls were used in this study. IgG autoreactivity was measured via indirect immunofluorescence assays on mouse sciatic nerve teased fibers. The frequencies of autoantibodies were compared between groups using Fisher's exact test. Serum anti-ganglioside antibodies were measured in ganglioside blots. Autoantibody target identification was performed using immunoprecipitation coupled to mass spectrometry. Subsequent target confirmation was conducted via cell-based assays and ELISA. Results Compared with controls, PCVS patients had a significantly greater frequency of autoantibodies against peripheral nervous system structures (9/50(18%) vs 1/35(3%); p=0.04). Autoantibodies bound to paranodes (n=5), axons (n=4), Schmidt-Lanterman incisures (n=2) and Schwann cell nuclei (n=1). Conversely, antibodies against gangliosides were absent in PCVS patients. Target identification and subsequent confirmation revealed various subunits of neurofilaments as well as DFS-70 as autoantibody epitopes. Conclusion Our data suggest that autoantibodies against nervous system tissue could be relevant in PCVS patients. Autoantibodies against neurofilaments and cell nuclei with so far non-established links to this disease spectrum should be further elucidated to determine their biomarker potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike A. Arlt
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ameli Breuer
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elli Trampenau
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Boesl
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Sánchez-Sendín
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mahoor Nasouti
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Mayrhofer
- Department of Autoimmune Diagnostics, Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum (MVZ) Laboratory PD Dr. Volkmann & Colleagues, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Blüthner
- Department of Autoimmune Diagnostics, Medizinisches Versorgungszentrum (MVZ) Laboratory PD Dr. Volkmann & Colleagues, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Diseases (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Prüss
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiana Franke
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Zhang H, Shang J, Li W, Gao D, Zhang J. Increased Expression of VCAM1 on Brain Endothelial Cells Drives Blood-Brain Barrier Impairment Following Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2028-2041. [PMID: 38710594 PMCID: PMC11099957 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-triggered blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is a core pathological change occurring in vascular dementia (VD). Despite the recent advances in the exploration of the structural basis of BBB impairment and the routes of entry of harmful compounds after a BBB leakage, the molecular mechanisms inducing BBB impairment remain largely unknown in terms of VD. Here, we employed a CCH-induced VD model and discovered increased vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) expression on the brain endothelial cells (ECs). The expression of VCAM1 was directly correlated with the severity of BBB impairment. Moreover, the VCAM1 expression was associated with different regional white matter lesions. Furthermore, a compound that could block VCAM1 activation, K-7174, was also found to alleviate BBB leakage and protect the white matter integrity, whereas pharmacological manipulation of the BBB leakage did not affect the VCAM1 expression. Thus, our results demonstrated that VCAM1 is an important regulator that leads to BBB dysfunction following CCH. Blocking VCAM1-mediated BBB impairment may thus offer a new strategy to treat CCH-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Zhang
- Department
of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People’s
Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Junkui Shang
- Department
of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People’s
Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department
of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People’s
Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- Department
of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department
of Neurology, Zhengzhou University People’s
Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
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3
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Zhang X, Li H, Tang L, Zhu B, Yang W, Li M, Zhao Y. Photobiomodulation therapy enhances neural differentiation of dental pulp stem cells via ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:646-655. [PMID: 37815161 DOI: 10.1111/php.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is the application of a low-level laser device to generate physiological changes and provide therapeutic effects. Till now, the effects of PBMT on the neural differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells have been rarely reported. Herein, the potential effect and mechanism of PBMT on the neural differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were preliminarily investigated in our research. The optimal dose of 3.75 J/cm2 was first screened for use in the following neural-inducing studies. Then, DPSCs were cultured in neural induction medium and treated with laser irradiation for 7 days. From the results of morphology and immunofluorescence, we found that irradiation promoted the formation of neural stem cell-like spheroids derived from DPSCs and enhanced potential neural differentiation. Furthermore, neural differentiation gene expressions of Nestin, microtubule-associated protein-2, and neural cell adhesion molecule were increased after PBMT irradiation. The protein expressions of class III β-tubulin and neurogenic differentiation factor 1 were also improved. Meanwhile, the involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) was investigated by western blot. Our study showed that the neural differentiation of DPSCs was promoted by PBMT, and the underlying mechanism in this process was associated with activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Ding EA, Kumar S. Neurofilament Biophysics: From Structure to Biomechanics. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:re1. [PMID: 38598299 PMCID: PMC11151108 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-11-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurofilaments (NFs) are multisubunit, neuron-specific intermediate filaments consisting of a 10-nm diameter filament "core" surrounded by a layer of long intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) "tails." NFs are thought to regulate axonal caliber during development and then stabilize the mature axon, with NF subunit misregulation, mutation, and aggregation featuring prominently in multiple neurological diseases. The field's understanding of NF structure, mechanics, and function has been deeply informed by a rich variety of biochemical, cell biological, and mouse genetic studies spanning more than four decades. These studies have contributed much to our collective understanding of NF function in axonal physiology and disease. In recent years, however, there has been a resurgence of interest in NF subunit proteins in two new contexts: as potential blood- and cerebrospinal fluid-based biomarkers of neuronal damage, and as model IDPs with intriguing properties. Here, we review established principles and more recent discoveries in NF structure and function. Where possible, we place these findings in the context of biophysics of NF assembly, interaction, and contributions to axonal mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika A. Ding
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
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5
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Leckey CA, Coulton JB, Giovannucci TA, He Y, Aslanyan A, Laban R, Heslegrave A, Doykov I, Ammoscato F, Chataway J, De Angelis F, Gnanapavan S, Byrne LM, Schott JM, Wild EJ, Barthelémy NR, Zetterberg H, Wray S, Bateman RJ, Mills K, Paterson RW. CSF neurofilament light chain profiling and quantitation in neurological diseases. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae132. [PMID: 38707707 PMCID: PMC11069115 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurofilament light chain is an established marker of neuroaxonal injury that is elevated in CSF and blood across various neurological diseases. It is increasingly used in clinical practice to aid diagnosis and monitor progression and as an outcome measure to assess safety and efficacy of disease-modifying therapies across the clinical translational neuroscience field. Quantitative methods for neurofilament light chain in human biofluids have relied on immunoassays, which have limited capacity to describe the structure of the protein in CSF and how this might vary in different neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we characterized and quantified neurofilament light chain species in CSF across neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases and healthy controls using targeted mass spectrometry. We show that the quantitative immunoprecipitation-tandem mass spectrometry method developed in this study strongly correlates to single-molecule array measurements in CSF across the broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases and was replicable across mass spectrometry methods and centres. In summary, we have created an accurate and cost-effective assay for measuring a key biomarker in translational neuroscience research and clinical practice, which can be easily multiplexed and translated into clinical laboratories for the screening and monitoring of neurodegenerative disease or acute brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A Leckey
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Translational Mass Spectrometry Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - John B Coulton
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Tracy Family SILQ Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tatiana A Giovannucci
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Yingxin He
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Tracy Family SILQ Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aram Aslanyan
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Rhiannon Laban
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Amanda Heslegrave
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ivan Doykov
- Translational Mass Spectrometry Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Francesca Ammoscato
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, Centre for Neuroscience, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Jeremy Chataway
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Faculty of Brain Sciences, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1B 5EH, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, University College London Hospitals, Biomedical Research Centre, London, W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Floriana De Angelis
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Faculty of Brain Sciences, Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1B 5EH, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, University College London Hospitals, Biomedical Research Centre, London, W1T 7DN, UK
| | | | - Lauren M Byrne
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Edward J Wild
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Nicolas R Barthelémy
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Tracy Family SILQ Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 43180, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, 43180, Sweden
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53792, USA
| | - Selina Wray
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Tracy Family SILQ Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kevin Mills
- Translational Mass Spectrometry Research Group, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ross W Paterson
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Neurology, Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, Kent, DA2 8DA, UK
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6
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Surzenko N, Bastidas J, Reid RW, Curaba J, Zhang W, Bostan H, Wilson M, Dominique A, Roberson J, Ignacio G, Komarnytsky S, Sanders A, Lambirth K, Brouwer CR, El-Khodor BF. Functional recovery following traumatic brain injury in rats is enhanced by oral supplementation with bovine thymus extract. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23460. [PMID: 38315443 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301859r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. There are currently no effective treatments for TBI, and trauma survivors suffer from a variety of long-lasting health consequences. With nutritional support recently emerging as a vital step in improving TBI patients' outcomes, we sought to evaluate the potential therapeutic benefits of nutritional supplements derived from bovine thymus gland, which can deliver a variety of nutrients and bioactive molecules. In a rat model of controlled cortical impact (CCI), we determined that animals supplemented with a nuclear fraction of bovine thymus (TNF) display greatly improved performance on beam balance and spatial memory tests following CCI. Using RNA-Seq, we identified an array of signaling pathways that are modulated by TNF supplementation in rat hippocampus, including those involved in the process of autophagy. We further show that bovine thymus-derived extracts contain antigens found in neural tissues and that supplementation of rats with thymus extracts induces production of serum IgG antibodies against neuronal and glial antigens, which may explain the enhanced animal recovery following CCI through possible oral tolerance mechanism. Collectively, our data demonstrate, for the first time, the potency of a nutritional supplement containing nuclear fraction of bovine thymus in enhancing the functional recovery from TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Surzenko
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process, Inc., Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Robert W Reid
- College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julien Curaba
- Eremid Genomic Services, LLC, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process, Inc., Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hamed Bostan
- Eremid Genomic Services, LLC, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mickey Wilson
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process, Inc., Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley Dominique
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process, Inc., Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julia Roberson
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process, Inc., Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Glicerio Ignacio
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Slavko Komarnytsky
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexa Sanders
- College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin Lambirth
- College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cory R Brouwer
- College of Computing and Informatics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bassem F El-Khodor
- Nutrition Innovation Center, Standard Process, Inc., Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
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7
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Lee S, You DH, Park S, Oh HS, Kwon OW. Distribution of Neurofilament in Peeled Internal Limiting Membrane. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2023; 54:643-648. [PMID: 37956316 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20231011-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The aim was to study the distribution of neurofilament in peeled internal limiting membrane (ILM). PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospective case study. Vitrectomy and ILM peeling were performed in patients with epiretinal membrane and macular hole. ILM flap specimens were obtained as one disc area size from five locations. Immunofluorescent staining was performed with an antineurofilament heavy antibody. Using a confocal microscope, retinal cell debris density was studied using the ImageJ program. RESULTS Percent of stained neurofilament was 1.58 ± 1.14% in total (2.45 ± 1.37% in extranasal, 1.97 ± 0.75% in extratemporal, 1.93 ± 1.26% in juxta-nasal, 0.89 ± 0.69% in fovea, and 0.63 ± 0.46% in juxtatemporal). The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences among groups (P < 0.05). Bonferroni post hoc analysis only confirmed significant difference between juxtatemporal and extranasal groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In peeled ILM flap, neurofilaments are rarely detected in the juxtatemporal area. However, they are frequently detected in the extranasal area. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2023;54:643-648.].
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8
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Zhou L, Lin D, Xu G, Wang X, Chen Z, Wang D, Fan H. Alteration of neurofilament heavy chain and its phosphoforms reveals early subcellular damage beyond the optic nerve head in glaucoma. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1091697. [PMID: 37034083 PMCID: PMC10073422 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1091697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) axon loss at the site of optic nerve head (ONH) is long believed as the common pathology in glaucoma since different types of glaucoma possessing different characteristic of intraocular pressure, and this damage was only detected at the later stage. Methods To address these disputes and detect early initiating events underlying RGCs, we firstly detected somatic or axonal change and compared their difference in acute and chronic phase of primary angle-closed glaucoma (PACG) patient using optical coherence tomography (OCT), then an axonal-enriched cytoskeletal protein neurofilament heavy chain and its phosphoforms (NF-H, pNF-H) were utilized to reveal spatio-temporal undetectable damage insulted by acute and chronic ocular hypertension (AOH, COH) in two well characterized glaucoma mice models. Results In clinic, we detected nonhomogeneous changes such as ONH and soma of RGCs presenting edema in acute phase but atrophy in chronic one by OCT. In AOH animal models, an increase expression of NF-H especially its phosphorylation modification was observed as early as 4 h before RGCs loss, which presented as somatic accumulation in the peripheral retina and at the sites of ONH. In contrast, in microbeads induced COH model, NF-H and pNF-H reduced significantly, these changes firstly occurred as NF-H or pNF-H disconnection at ONH and optic nerve after 2 weeks when the intraocular pressure reaching the peak; Meanwhile, we detected aqueous humor pNF-H elevation after AOH and slight reduction in the COH. Conclusion Together, our data supports that early alteration of NF-H and its phosphoforms would reveal undetectable subcellular damage consisting of peripheral somatic neurofilament compaction, impaired axonal transport and distal axonal disorganization of cytoskeleton beyond the ONH, and identifies two distinct axonal degeneration which were Wallerian combination with retrograde degeneration in acute PACG and retrograde degeneration in the chronic one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhou
- Ophthalmological Center of Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongyue Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guihua Xu
- Ophthalmological Center of Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Ophthalmological Center of Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Ophthalmological Center of Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingding Wang
- Ophthalmological Center of Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiya Fan
- Ophthalmological Center of Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Huiya Fan
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9
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Anti-hypothalamus autoantibodies in anorexia nervosa: a possible new mechanism in neuro-physiological derangement? Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2481-2496. [PMID: 35297008 PMCID: PMC9556421 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious and complex mental disorder affecting mainly young adult women. AN patients are characterized by low body weight in combination with self-induced starvation, intense fear of gaining weight, and distortion of body image. AN is a multifactorial disease, linked by recent evidence to a dysregulation of the immune system. METHODS In this pilot study, 22 blood serums from AN patients were tested for the presence of autoantibodies against primate hypothalamic periventricular neurons by immunofluorescence and by a home-made ELISA assay. Cellular fluorescence suggests the presence of autoantibodies which are able to recognize these neurons (both to body cell and fiber levels). By means of ELISA, these autoantibodies are quantitatively evaluated. In addition, orexigenic and anorexigenic molecules were measured by ELISA. As control, 18 blood serums from healthy age matched woman were analysed. RESULTS All AN patients showed a reactivity against hypothalamic neurons both by immunofluorescence and ELISA. In addition, ghrelin, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and agouti-related peptide (AGRP) were significantly higher than in control serums (p < 0.0001). In contrast, leptin was significantly lower in AN patients than controls (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Immunoreaction and ELISA assays on AN blood serum suggest the presence of autoantibodies AN related. However, it is not easy to determine the action of these antibodies in vivo: they could interact with specific ligands expressed by hypothalamic cells preventing their physiological role, however, it is also possible that they could induce an aspecific stimulation in the target cells leading to an increased secretion of anorexigenic molecules. Further studies are needed to fully understand the involvement of the immune system in AN pathogenesis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V, descriptive study.
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Kölliker Frers RA, Otero-Losada M, Kobiec T, Udovin LD, Aon Bertolino ML, Herrera MI, Capani F. Multidimensional overview of neurofilament light chain contribution to comprehensively understanding multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912005. [PMID: 35967312 PMCID: PMC9368191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease characterized by demyelination, progressive axonal loss, and varying clinical presentations. Axonal damage associated with the inflammatory process causes neurofilaments, the major neuron structural proteins, to be released into the extracellular space, reaching the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the peripheral blood. Methodological advances in neurofilaments’ serological detection and imaging technology, along with many clinical and therapeutic studies in the last years, have deepened our understanding of MS immunopathogenesis. This review examines the use of light chain neurofilaments (NFLs) as peripheral MS biomarkers in light of the current clinical and therapeutic evidence, MS immunopathology, and technological advances in diagnostic tools. It aims to highlight NFL multidimensional value as a reliable MS biomarker with a diagnostic-prognostic profile while improving our comprehension of inflammatory neurodegenerative processes, mainly RRMS, the most frequent clinical presentation of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo A. Kölliker Frers
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Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CAECIHS. UAI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Unidad de Parasitología, Hospital J. M. Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matilde Otero-Losada
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Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CAECIHS. UAI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Matilde Otero-Losada,
| | - Tamara Kobiec
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Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CAECIHS. UAI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía (CIPP), Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas D. Udovin
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Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CAECIHS. UAI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Aon Bertolino
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Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CAECIHS. UAI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María I. Herrera
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Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CAECIHS. UAI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Psicología y Psicopedagogía (CIPP), Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francisco Capani
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Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CAECIHS. UAI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Argentina John Kennedy (UAJK), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fohner AE, Bartz TM, Tracy RP, Adams HHH, Bis JC, Djousse L, Satizabal CL, Lopez OL, Seshadri S, Mukamal KJ, Kuller LH, Psaty BM, Longstreth WT. Association of Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Concentration and MRI Findings in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Neurology 2022; 98:e903-e911. [PMID: 34921102 PMCID: PMC8901174 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000013229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Neurofilament light chain (NfL) in blood is a sensitive but nonspecific marker of brain injury. This study sought to evaluate associations between NfL concentration and MRI findings of vascular brain injury in older adults. METHODS A longitudinal cohort study included 2 cranial MRI scans performed about 5 years apart and assessed for white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and infarcts. About 1 year before their second MRI, 1,362 participants (median age 77 years, 61.4% women) without a history of TIA or stroke had measurement of 4 biomarkers: NfL, total tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1. Most (n = 1,279) also had the first MRI scan, and some (n = 633) had quantitative measurements of hippocampal and WMH. In primary analyses, we assessed associations of NfL with a 10-point white matter grade (WMG) and prevalent infarcts on second MRI and with worsening WMG and incident infarct comparing the 2 scans. A p value <0.0125 (0.05/4) was considered significant for these analyses. We also assessed associations with hippocampal and WMH volume. RESULTS In fully adjusted models, log2(NfL) concentration was associated with WMG (β = 0.27; p = 2.3 × 10-4) and worsening WMG (relative risk [RR] 1.24; p = 0.0022), but less strongly with prevalent brain infarcts (RR 1.18; p = 0.013) and not with incident brain infarcts (RR 1.18; p = 0.18). Associations were also present with WMH volume (β = 2,242.9, p = 0.0036). For the other 3 biomarkers, the associations for log2 (GFAP) concentration with WMG and worsening WMG were significant. DISCUSSION Among older adults without a history of stroke, higher serum NfL concentration was associated with covert MRI findings of vascular brain injury, especially the burden of WMH and its worsening. Whether these results offer opportunities for the use of NfL as a noninvasive biomarker of WMH or to control vascular risk factors remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Fohner
- From the Department of Epidemiology (A.E.F., B.M.P., W.T.L.), Institute of Public Health Genetics (A.E.F.), Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B., B.M.P., A.E.F.), Department of Medicine (B.M.P.), Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), and Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Departments of Clinical Genetics and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine (L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Boston University School of Medicine (C.L.S., S.S.); Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., S.S.), MA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (O.L.L.) and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Medicine (K.J.M.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.
| | - Traci M Bartz
- From the Department of Epidemiology (A.E.F., B.M.P., W.T.L.), Institute of Public Health Genetics (A.E.F.), Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B., B.M.P., A.E.F.), Department of Medicine (B.M.P.), Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), and Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Departments of Clinical Genetics and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine (L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Boston University School of Medicine (C.L.S., S.S.); Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., S.S.), MA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (O.L.L.) and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Medicine (K.J.M.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- From the Department of Epidemiology (A.E.F., B.M.P., W.T.L.), Institute of Public Health Genetics (A.E.F.), Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B., B.M.P., A.E.F.), Department of Medicine (B.M.P.), Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), and Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Departments of Clinical Genetics and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine (L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Boston University School of Medicine (C.L.S., S.S.); Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., S.S.), MA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (O.L.L.) and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Medicine (K.J.M.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- From the Department of Epidemiology (A.E.F., B.M.P., W.T.L.), Institute of Public Health Genetics (A.E.F.), Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B., B.M.P., A.E.F.), Department of Medicine (B.M.P.), Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), and Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Departments of Clinical Genetics and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine (L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Boston University School of Medicine (C.L.S., S.S.); Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., S.S.), MA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (O.L.L.) and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Medicine (K.J.M.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- From the Department of Epidemiology (A.E.F., B.M.P., W.T.L.), Institute of Public Health Genetics (A.E.F.), Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B., B.M.P., A.E.F.), Department of Medicine (B.M.P.), Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), and Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Departments of Clinical Genetics and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine (L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Boston University School of Medicine (C.L.S., S.S.); Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., S.S.), MA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (O.L.L.) and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Medicine (K.J.M.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Luc Djousse
- From the Department of Epidemiology (A.E.F., B.M.P., W.T.L.), Institute of Public Health Genetics (A.E.F.), Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B., B.M.P., A.E.F.), Department of Medicine (B.M.P.), Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), and Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Departments of Clinical Genetics and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine (L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Boston University School of Medicine (C.L.S., S.S.); Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., S.S.), MA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (O.L.L.) and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Medicine (K.J.M.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- From the Department of Epidemiology (A.E.F., B.M.P., W.T.L.), Institute of Public Health Genetics (A.E.F.), Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B., B.M.P., A.E.F.), Department of Medicine (B.M.P.), Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), and Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Departments of Clinical Genetics and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine (L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Boston University School of Medicine (C.L.S., S.S.); Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., S.S.), MA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (O.L.L.) and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Medicine (K.J.M.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- From the Department of Epidemiology (A.E.F., B.M.P., W.T.L.), Institute of Public Health Genetics (A.E.F.), Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B., B.M.P., A.E.F.), Department of Medicine (B.M.P.), Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), and Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Departments of Clinical Genetics and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine (L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Boston University School of Medicine (C.L.S., S.S.); Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., S.S.), MA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (O.L.L.) and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Medicine (K.J.M.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- From the Department of Epidemiology (A.E.F., B.M.P., W.T.L.), Institute of Public Health Genetics (A.E.F.), Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B., B.M.P., A.E.F.), Department of Medicine (B.M.P.), Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), and Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Departments of Clinical Genetics and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine (L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Boston University School of Medicine (C.L.S., S.S.); Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., S.S.), MA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (O.L.L.) and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Medicine (K.J.M.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- From the Department of Epidemiology (A.E.F., B.M.P., W.T.L.), Institute of Public Health Genetics (A.E.F.), Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B., B.M.P., A.E.F.), Department of Medicine (B.M.P.), Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), and Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Departments of Clinical Genetics and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine (L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Boston University School of Medicine (C.L.S., S.S.); Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., S.S.), MA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (O.L.L.) and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Medicine (K.J.M.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Lewis H Kuller
- From the Department of Epidemiology (A.E.F., B.M.P., W.T.L.), Institute of Public Health Genetics (A.E.F.), Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B., B.M.P., A.E.F.), Department of Medicine (B.M.P.), Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), and Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Departments of Clinical Genetics and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine (L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Boston University School of Medicine (C.L.S., S.S.); Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., S.S.), MA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (O.L.L.) and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Medicine (K.J.M.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- From the Department of Epidemiology (A.E.F., B.M.P., W.T.L.), Institute of Public Health Genetics (A.E.F.), Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B., B.M.P., A.E.F.), Department of Medicine (B.M.P.), Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), and Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Departments of Clinical Genetics and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine (L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Boston University School of Medicine (C.L.S., S.S.); Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., S.S.), MA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (O.L.L.) and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Medicine (K.J.M.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - W T Longstreth
- From the Department of Epidemiology (A.E.F., B.M.P., W.T.L.), Institute of Public Health Genetics (A.E.F.), Department of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit (J.C.B., B.M.P., A.E.F.), Department of Medicine (B.M.P.), Department of Health Services (B.M.P.), and Department of Neurology (W.T.L.), University of Washington, Seattle; Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry (R.P.T.), Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington; Departments of Clinical Genetics and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.H.H.A.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Aging, Department of Medicine (L.D.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology (C.L.S., S.S.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; Boston University School of Medicine (C.L.S., S.S.); Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., S.S.), MA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry (O.L.L.) and Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Medicine (K.J.M.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Gerasimov A, Golderman V, Gofrit SG, Aharoni SA, Zohar DN, Itsekson-Hayosh Z, Fay-Karmon T, Hassin-Baer S, Chapman J, Maggio N, Shavit-Stein E. Markers for neural degeneration and regeneration: novel highly sensitive methods for the measurement of thrombin and activated protein C in human cerebrospinal fluid. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2086-2092. [PMID: 33642398 PMCID: PMC8343305 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.308098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and coagulation are tightly interconnected in the pathophysiology of neuronal diseases. Thrombin, a pro-coagulant serine protease is associated with neurodegeneration and its indirect inhibitor, activated protein C (aPC), is considered neuroprotective. While levels of thrombin and aPC activity are readily measured in the blood, similar assays in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have not been described. The aim of this study was to establish a specific and sensitive enzymatic assay to measure both thrombin and aPC activity in the CSF. CSF was collected from 14 patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus served as a control group, while seven patients with central nervous system infections served as an acute neuro-inflammatory study group and one sample of CSF following traumatic lumbar puncture served as a positive control. Thrombin and aPC activities were measured by fluorescence released by specific proteolytic cleavage in the presence of endopeptidase and amino-peptidase inhibitors to ensure specificity. Specificity of the method was verified by thrombin and serine-protease inhibitors N-alpha-((2-naphthylsulfinyl)glycyl)-DL-p-amidinophenylalanylpiperidine and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride. Inhibition of thrombin activity by CSF samples and levels of specific thrombin inhibitors were also assessed. Thrombin and aPC activities were reliably measured and were significantly higher in the CSF of patients with central nervous system infections compared to normal pressure hydrocephalus controls, suggesting the involvement of these factors in neuro-inflammation. CSF thrombin activity levels in the presence of known thrombin concentration were high in patients with central nervous system infections, and low in normal pressure hydrocephalus patients. Quantification of endogenous thrombin inhibitors protease nexin 1, amyloid precursor protein and anti-thrombin III in CSF by western blot indicated a significant elevation of amyloid precursor protein in infectious CSF. In conclusion, this study describes a novel and sensitive assay aimed at the detection of thrombin and aPC activity in CSF. This method may be useful for measuring these factors that reflect degenerative and protective influences of coagulation on neurological disorders. The study procedure was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Chaim Sheba Medical Center (approval No. 4245-17-SMC) on October 18, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valery Golderman
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shany Guly Gofrit
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shay Anat Aharoni
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Daniela Noa Zohar
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Tsviya Fay-Karmon
- Department of Neurology; The Movement Disorders Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; The Movement Disorders Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joab Chapman
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Sagol School of Neuroscience; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Robert and Martha Harden Chair in Mental and Neurological Diseases, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicola Maggio
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Efrat Shavit-Stein
- Department of Neurology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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