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Sena-Dos-Santos C, Moura DD, Epifane-de-Assunção MC, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos Â, Santos-Lobato BL. Mitochondrial DNA variants, haplogroups and risk of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 125:107044. [PMID: 38917640 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction is part of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants on PD onset is unclear. OBJECTIVES The present study aims to evaluate the effect of mtDNA variants and haplogroups on risk of developing PD. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating associations between PD and mtDNA variants and haplogroups. RESULTS A total of 33 studies were eligible from 957 screened studies. Among 13,640 people with PD and 22,588 control individuals, the association with PD was consistently explored in 13 mtDNA variants in 10 genes and 19 macrohaplogroups. Four mtDNA variants were associated with PD: m.4336C (odds ratio [OR] = 2.99; 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.79-5.02), m.7028T (OR = 0.80; 95 % CI = 0.70-0.91), m.10398G (OR = 0.92; 95 % CI = 0.85-0.98), and m.13368A (OR = 0.74; 95 % CI = 0.56-0.98). Four mtDNA macrohaplogroups were associated with PD: R (OR = 2.25; 95 % CI = 1.92-2.65), F (OR = 1.18; 95 % CI = 1.01-1.38), H (OR = 1.12; 95 % CI = 1.06-1.18), and B (OR = 0.77; 95 % CI = 0.65-0.92). CONCLUSIONS Despite most studies may be underpowered by the underrepresentation of people without dominant European- and Asian-ancestry, low use of next-generation sequencing for genotyping and small sample sizes, the identification of mtDNA variants and macrohaplogroups associated with PD strengthens the link between the disease and mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dafne Dalledone Moura
- Laboratório de Neuropatologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Smullen M, Olson MN, Murray LF, Suresh M, Yan G, Dawes P, Barton NJ, Mason JN, Zhang Y, Fernandez-Fontaine AA, Church GM, Mastroeni D, Wang Q, Lim ET, Chan Y, Readhead B. Modeling of mitochondrial genetic polymorphisms reveals induction of heteroplasmy by pleiotropic disease locus 10398A>G. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10405. [PMID: 37369829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial (MT) dysfunction has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). While MT-copy number differences have been implicated in AD, the effect of MT heteroplasmy on AD has not been well characterized. Here, we analyzed over 1800 whole genome sequencing data from four AD cohorts in seven different tissue types to determine the extent of MT heteroplasmy present. While MT heteroplasmy was present throughout the entire MT genome for blood samples, we detected MT heteroplasmy only within the MT control region for brain samples. We observed that an MT variant 10398A>G (rs2853826) was significantly associated with overall MT heteroplasmy in brain tissue while also being linked with the largest number of distinct disease phenotypes of all annotated MT variants in MitoMap. Using gene-expression data from our brain samples, our modeling discovered several gene networks involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain and Complex I function associated with 10398A>G. The variant was also found to be an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) for the gene MT-ND3. We further characterized the effect of 10398A>G by phenotyping a population of lymphoblastoid cell-lines (LCLs) with and without the variant allele. Examination of RNA sequence data from these LCLs reveal that 10398A>G was an eQTL for MT-ND4. We also observed in LCLs that 10398A>G was significantly associated with overall MT heteroplasmy within the MT control region, confirming the initial findings observed in post-mortem brain tissue. These results provide novel evidence linking MT SNPs with MT heteroplasmy and open novel avenues for the investigation of pathomechanisms that are driven by this pleiotropic disease associated loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Smullen
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Meagan N Olson
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Liam F Murray
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Madhusoodhanan Suresh
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Guang Yan
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Pepper Dawes
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Barton
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jivanna N Mason
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Aria A Fernandez-Fontaine
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - George M Church
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Diego Mastroeni
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Elaine T Lim
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Yingleong Chan
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Benjamin Readhead
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
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Shang D, Huang M, Wang B, Yan X, Wu Z, Zhang X. mtDNA Maintenance and Alterations in the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:578-598. [PMID: 35950246 PMCID: PMC10207910 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220810114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence indicates that the semiautonomous organelles mitochondria play key roles in the progression of many neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes components of the OXPHOS complex but mutated mtDNA accumulates in cells with aging, which mirrors the increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. This accumulation stems not only from the misreplication of mtDNA and the highly oxidative environment but also from defective mitophagy after fission. In this review, we focus on several pivotal mitochondrial proteins related to mtDNA maintenance (such as ATAD3A and TFAM), mtDNA alterations including mtDNA mutations, mtDNA elimination, and mtDNA release-activated inflammation to understand the crucial role played by mtDNA in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. Our work outlines novel therapeutic strategies for targeting mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehao Shang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Minghao Huang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Biyao Wang
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Yan
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Center of Implant Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China
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4
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Mitochondrial DNA Repair in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911391. [PMID: 36232693 PMCID: PMC9569545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the only organelles, along with the nucleus, that have their own DNA. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a double-stranded circular molecule of ~16.5 kbp that can exist in multiple copies within the organelle. Both strands are translated and encode for 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and 13 proteins. mtDNA molecules are anchored to the inner mitochondrial membrane and, in association with proteins, form a structure called nucleoid, which exerts a structural and protective function. Indeed, mitochondria have evolved mechanisms necessary to protect their DNA from chemical and physical lesions such as DNA repair pathways similar to those present in the nucleus. However, there are mitochondria-specific mechanisms such as rapid mtDNA turnover, fission, fusion, and mitophagy. Nevertheless, mtDNA mutations may be abundant in somatic tissue due mainly to the proximity of the mtDNA to the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system and, consequently, to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during ATP production. In this review, we summarise the most common types of mtDNA lesions and mitochondria repair mechanisms. The second part of the review focuses on the physiological role of mtDNA damage in ageing and the effect of mtDNA mutations in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Considering the central role of mitochondria in maintaining cellular homeostasis, the analysis of mitochondrial function is a central point for developing personalised medicine.
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5
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Al-Kafaji G, Bakheit HF, AlAli F, Fattah M, Alhajeri S, Alharbi MA, Daif A, Alsabbagh MM, Alwehaidah MS, Bakhiet M. Next-generation sequencing of the whole mitochondrial genome identifies functionally deleterious mutations in patients with multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263606. [PMID: 35130313 PMCID: PMC8820615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system with genetics and environmental determinants. Studies focused on the neurogenetics of MS showed that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations that can ultimately lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, alter brain energy metabolism and cause neurodegeneration. We analyzed the whole mitochondrial genome using next-generation sequencing (NGS) from 47 Saudi individuals, 23 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 24 healthy controls to identify mtDNA disease-related mutations/variants. A large number of variants were detected in the D-loop and coding genes of mtDNA. While distinct unique variants were only present in patients or only occur in controls, a number of common variants were shared among the two groups. The prevalence of some common variants differed significantly between patients and controls, thus could be implicated in susceptibility to MS. Of the unique variants only present in the patients, 34 were missense mutations, located in different mtDNA-encoded genes. Seven of these mutations were not previously reported in MS, and predicted to be deleterious with considerable impacts on the functions and structures of encoded-proteins and may play a role in the pathogenesis of MS. These include two heteroplasmic mutations namely 10237T>C in MT-ND3 gene and 15884G>C in MT-CYB gene; and three homoplasmic mutations namely 9288A>G in MT-CO3 gene, 14484T>C in MT-ND6 gene, 15431G>A in MT-CYB gene, 8490T>C in MT-ATP8 gene and 5437C>T in MT-ND2 gene. Notably some patients harboured multiple mutations while other patients carried the same mutations. This study is the first to sequence the entire mitochondrial genome in MS patients in an Arab population. Our results expanded the mutational spectrum of mtDNA variants in MS and highlighted the efficiency of NGS in population-specific mtDNA variant discovery. Further investigations in a larger cohort are warranted to confirm the role of mtDNA MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Al-Kafaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
- * E-mail:
| | - Halla F. Bakheit
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Faisal AlAli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Mina Fattah
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | | | - Maram A. Alharbi
- College of Forensic Sciences, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulqader Daif
- King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Manahel Mahmood Alsabbagh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Materah Salem Alwehaidah
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, State of Kuwait
| | - Moiz Bakhiet
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Inherited Disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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6
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Tzeng IS. Role of mitochondria DNA A10398G polymorphism on development of Parkinson's disease: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24274. [PMID: 35146807 PMCID: PMC8906025 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by memory loss and multiple cognitive disorders caused primarily by neurodegeneration. However, the preventative effects of the mitochondrial A10398G DNA polymorphism remain controversial. This meta-analysis comprehensively assessed evidence on the influence of the mitochondrial DNA A10398G variant on PD development. METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, Springer Link, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to May 31, 2020. We used a pooled model with random effects to explore the effect of A10398G on the development of PD. Stata MP version 14.0 was used to calculate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from the eligible studies to assess the impact of mitochondrial DNA A10398G on PD development. RESULTS The overall survey of the populations showed no significant association between mitochondrial DNA A10398G polymorphism (G allele compared to A allele) and PD (odds ratio = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.70-1.04, p = 0.111); however, a significant association between the mutation and PD was observed in the Caucasian population (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.58-0.87, p = 0.001). A neutral effect was observed in the Asian population (odds ratio = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.94-1.28, p = 0.242). CONCLUSIONS The results of this meta-analysis showed the potential protective effect of the mitochondrial DNA A10398G polymorphism on the risk of developing PD in the Caucasian population. Studies with better designs and larger samples with intensive work are required to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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7
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Fonseca Cabral G, Schaan AP, Cavalcante GC, Sena-dos-Santos C, de Souza TP, Souza Port’s NM, dos Santos Pinheiro JA, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â, Vidal AF. Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genome, Epigenome and Gut Microbiome: Emerging Molecular Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9839. [PMID: 34576000 PMCID: PMC8471599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, burdening about 10 million elderly individuals worldwide. The multifactorial nature of PD poses a difficult obstacle for understanding the mechanisms involved in its onset and progression. Currently, diagnosis depends on the appearance of clinical signs, some of which are shared among various neurologic disorders, hindering early diagnosis. There are no effective tools to prevent PD onset, detect the disease in early stages or accurately report the risk of disease progression. Hence, there is an increasing demand for biomarkers that may identify disease onset and progression, as treatment-based medicine may not be the best approach for PD. Over the last few decades, the search for molecular markers to predict susceptibility, aid in accurate diagnosis and evaluate the progress of PD have intensified, but strategies aimed to improve individualized patient care have not yet been established. CONCLUSIONS Genomic variation, regulation by epigenomic mechanisms, as well as the influence of the host gut microbiome seem to have a crucial role in the onset and progress of PD, thus are considered potential biomarkers. As such, the human nuclear and mitochondrial genome, epigenome, and the host gut microbiome might be the key elements to the rise of personalized medicine for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleyce Fonseca Cabral
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
| | - Ana Paula Schaan
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
| | - Giovanna C. Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
| | - Camille Sena-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
| | - Tatiane Piedade de Souza
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
| | - Natacha M. Souza Port’s
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Jhully Azevedo dos Santos Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará–R. dos Mundurucus, Belém 66073-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Amanda F. Vidal
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (G.F.C.); (A.P.S.); (G.C.C.); (C.S.-d.-S.); (T.P.d.S.); (J.A.d.S.P.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Correa, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- ITVDS—Instituto Tecnológico Vale Desenvolvimento Sustentável–R. Boaventura da Silva, Belém 66055-090, Brazil
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8
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Saha T, Roy S, Chakraborty R, Biswas A, Das SK, Ray K, Ray J, Sengupta M. Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups and Three Independent Polymorphisms have no Association with the Risk of Parkinson's Disease in East Indian Population. Neurol India 2021; 69:461-465. [PMID: 33904476 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.314553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifaceted illness affecting ~ 0.3% of the world population. The genetic complexity of PD has not been, fully elucidated. Several studies suggest that mitochondrial DNA variants are associated with PD. Objective Here, we have explored the possibility of genetic association between mitochondrial haplogroups as well as three independent SNPs with PD in a representative east Indian population. Methods and Material The Asian mtDNA haplogroups: M, N, R, B, D, M7, and 3 other SNPs: 4336 T/C, 9055 G/A, 13708 G/A were genotyped in 100 sporadic PD patients and 100 matched controls via conventional PCR-RFLP-sequencing approach. Results The distribution of mtDNA haplogroups, as well as 3 single polymorphisms, did not show any significant differences (P > 0.05) between patients and controls. Conclusion This is the first of its kind of study from India that suggests no association of selected mitochondrial DNA variations with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Saha
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Somrita Roy
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Arindam Biswas
- S. N. Pradhan Centre for Neurosciences, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shyamal K Das
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Bangur Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kunal Ray
- School of Biological Sciences, RKMVERI, Narendrapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Jharna Ray
- S. N. Pradhan Centre for Neurosciences, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mainak Sengupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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9
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Focus on Mitochondrial DNA. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120591. [PMID: 33321831 PMCID: PMC7763033 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the energy stations of the cell, are the only extranuclear organelles, containing their own (mitochondrial) DNA (mtDNA) and the protein synthesizing machinery. The location of mtDNA in close proximity to the oxidative phosphorylation system of the inner mitochondrial membrane, the main source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), is an important factor responsible for its much higher mutation rate than nuclear DNA. Being more vulnerable to damage than nuclear DNA, mtDNA accumulates mutations, crucial for the development of mitochondrial dysfunction playing a key role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Good evidence exists that some mtDNA mutations are associated with increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD), the movement disorder resulted from the degenerative loss of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra. Although their direct impact on mitochondrial function/dysfunction needs further investigation, results of various studies performed using cells isolated from PD patients or their mitochondria (cybrids) suggest their functional importance. Studies involving mtDNA mutator mice also demonstrated the importance of mtDNA deletions, which could also originate from abnormalities induced by mutations in nuclear encoded proteins needed for mtDNA replication (e.g., polymerase γ). However, proteomic studies revealed only a few mitochondrial proteins encoded by mtDNA which were downregulated in various PD models. This suggests nuclear suppression of the mitochondrial defects, which obviously involve cross-talk between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes for maintenance of mitochondrial functioning.
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Sukhorukov VS, Voronkova AS, Litvinova NA, Baranich TI, Illarioshkin SN. The Role of Mitochondrial DNA Individuality in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420040146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Martín-Jiménez R, Lurette O, Hebert-Chatelain E. Damage in Mitochondrial DNA Associated with Parkinson's Disease. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1421-1430. [PMID: 32397749 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the only organelles that contain their own genetic material (mtDNA). Mitochondria are involved in several key physiological functions, including ATP production, Ca2+ homeostasis, and metabolism of neurotransmitters. Since these organelles perform crucial processes to maintain neuronal homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunctions can lead to various neurodegenerative diseases. Several mitochondrial proteins involved in ATP production are encoded by mtDNA. Thus, any mtDNA alteration can ultimately lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Accumulation of mutations, deletions, and rearrangements in mtDNA has been observed in animal models and patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD). Also, specific inherited variations associated with mtDNA genetic groups (known as mtDNA haplogroups) are associated with lower or higher risk of developing PD. Consequently, mtDNA alterations should now be considered important hallmarks of this neurodegenerative disease. This review provides an update about the role of mtDNA alterations in the physiopathology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martín-Jiménez
- Department of Biology and Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada
| | - Olivier Lurette
- Department of Biology and Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada
| | - Etienne Hebert-Chatelain
- Department of Biology and Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Mitochondrial Signaling and Physiopathology, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada
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Zhunina OA, Yabbarov NG, Grechko AV, Yet SF, Sobenin IA, Orekhov AN. Neurodegenerative Diseases Associated with Mitochondrial DNA Mutations. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:103-109. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191122091320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction underlies several human chronic pathologies, including cardiovascular
disorders, cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Impaired mitochondrial function associated with oxidative
stress can be a result of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Neurological disorders associated
with mtDNA mutations include mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia,
neurogenic weakness, and Leigh syndrome. Moreover, mtDNA mutations were shown to play a role in the
development of Parkinson and Alzheimer’s diseases. In this review, current knowledge on the distribution and
possible roles of mtDNA mutations in the onset and development of various neurodegenerative diseases, with
special focus on Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Zhunina
- Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, Simferopolsky Blvd., 8, 117149, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita G. Yabbarov
- Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, Simferopolsky Blvd., 8, 117149, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V. Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 14-3 Solyanka Street, 109240, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Shaw-Fang Yet
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Igor A. Sobenin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 15A 3rd Cherepkovskaya Street, Moscow 121552, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, Moscow 117418, Russian Federation
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Russlies J, Fähnrich A, Witte M, Yin J, Benoit S, Gläser R, Günter C, Eming R, Erdmann J, Gola D, Gupta Y, Holtsche MM, Kern JS, König IR, Kiritsi D, Lieb W, Sadik CD, Sárdy M, Schauer F, van Beek N, Weidinger A, Worm M, Zillikens D, Schmidt E, Busch H, Ibrahim SM, Hirose M. Polymorphisms in the Mitochondrial Genome Are Associated With Bullous Pemphigoid in Germans. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2200. [PMID: 31824475 PMCID: PMC6883920 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most prevalent autoimmune skin blistering disease and is characterized by the generation of autoantibodies against the hemidesmosomal proteins BP180 (type XVII collagen) and BP230. Most intriguingly, BP is distinct from other autoimmune diseases because it predominantly affects elderly individuals above the age of 75 years, raising the question why autoantibodies and the clinical lesions of BP emerges mostly in this later stage of life, even in individuals harboring known putative BP-associated germline gene variants. The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is a potential candidate to provide additional insights into the BP etiology; however, the mtDNA has not been extensively explored to date. Therefore, we sequenced the whole mtDNA of German BP patients (n = 180) and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 188) using next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, followed by the replication study using Sanger sequencing of an additional independent BP (n = 89) and control cohort (n = 104). While the BP and control groups showed comparable mitochondrial haplogroup distributions, the haplogroup T exhibited a tendency of higher frequency in BP patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases (ND) compared to BP patients without ND (50%; 3 in 6 BP with haplogroup T). A total of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the mtDNA, namely, m.16263T>C, m.16051A>G, and m.16162A>G in the D-loop region of the mtDNA, and m.11914G>A in the mitochondrially encoded NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit 4 gene (MT-ND4), were found to be significantly associated with BP based on the meta-analysis of our NGS data and the Sanger sequencing data (p = 0.0017, p = 0.0129, p = 0.0076, and p = 0.0132, respectively, Peto's test). More specifically, the three SNPs in the D-loop region were negatively, and the SNP in the MT-ND4 gene was positively associated with BP. Our study is the first to interrogate the whole mtDNA in BP patients and controls and to implicate multiple novel mtDNA variants in disease susceptibility. Studies using larger cohorts and more diverse populations are warranted to explore the functional consequences of the mtDNA variants identified in this study on immune and skin cells to understand their contributions to BP pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Russlies
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Anke Fähnrich
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Mareike Witte
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Junping Yin
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Bioscience, Borstel, Germany
| | - Sandrine Benoit
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
| | - Regine Gläser
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Günter
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Eming
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Phillips-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Damian Gola
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Yask Gupta
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Johannes S. Kern
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Inke R. König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Dimitra Kiritsi
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Popgen Biobank, Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Miklós Sárdy
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franziska Schauer
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina van Beek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Anke Weidinger
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Margitta Worm
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Allergy Center Charité, Charité Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Saleh M. Ibrahim
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- The German Autoimmune Bullous Disease Genetic Study Group, Germany
| | - Misa Hirose
- Luebeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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Müller-Nedebock AC, Brennan RR, Venter M, Pienaar IS, van der Westhuizen FH, Elson JL, Ross OA, Bardien S. The unresolved role of mitochondrial DNA in Parkinson's disease: An overview of published studies, their limitations, and future prospects. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104495. [PMID: 31233840 PMCID: PMC6702091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, has long been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in both sporadic and familial forms of the disease. Mitochondria are crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and their dysfunction is detrimental to dopaminergic neurons. These neurons are highly dependent on mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and degenerate in PD. Mitochondria contain their own genomes (mtDNA). The role of mtDNA has been investigated in PD on the premise that it encodes vital components of the ATP-generating oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes and accumulates somatic variation with age. However, the association between mtDNA variation and PD remains controversial. Herein, we provide an overview of previously published studies on the role of inherited as well as somatic (acquired) mtDNA changes in PD including point mutations, deletions and depletion. We outline limitations of previous investigations and the difficulties associated with studying mtDNA, which have left its role unresolved in the context of PD. Lastly, we highlight the potential for further research in this field and provide suggestions for future studies. Overall, the mitochondrial genome is indispensable for proper cellular function and its contribution to PD requires further, more extensive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amica C Müller-Nedebock
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | | | - Marianne Venter
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ilse S Pienaar
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9PH, United Kingdom; Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joanna L Elson
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
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Detection of mitochondrial transfer RNA (mt-tRNA) gene mutations in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis. Mitochondrion 2018; 43:43-52. [PMID: 30473003 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production may lead to tissue injury associated with two respiratory disorders of unknown origin which are shared by common tissue fibrosis, IPF and sarcoidosis. Sequence analysis of 22 mt-tRNA genes and parts of their flanking genes revealed 32 and 45 mutations in 38/40 IPF and 69/85 sarcoidosis patients respectively. 4 novel mutations were identified. 15/32 and 25/45 mutations were exclusively expressed while 12/32 and 17/45 mutations predominantly occurred in IPF and sarcoidosis group respectively, compared to healthy controls. Novel mutation combinations were solely expressed in disease. Hence, a mitochondrial-mediated pathogenic pathway seems to underlie both entities.
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Chinnery PF, Gomez-Duran A. Oldies but Goldies mtDNA Population Variants and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:682. [PMID: 30369864 PMCID: PMC6194173 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
mtDNA is transmitted through the maternal line and its sequence variability, which is population specific, is assumed to be phenotypically neutral. However, several studies have shown associations between the variants defining some genetic backgrounds and the susceptibility to several pathogenic phenotypes, including neurodegenerative diseases. Many of these studies have found that some of these variants impact many of these phenotypes, including the ones defining the Caucasian haplogroups H, J, and Uk, while others, such as the ones defining the T haplogroup, have phenotype specific associations. In this review, we will focus on those that have shown a pleiotropic effect in population studies in neurological diseases. We will also explore their bioenergetic and genomic characteristics in order to provide an insight into the role of these variants in disease. Given the importance of mitochondrial population variants in neurodegenerative diseases a deeper analysis of their effects might unravel new mechanisms of disease and help design new strategies for successful treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F Chinnery
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aurora Gomez-Duran
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Jiménez-Morales S, Pérez-Amado CJ, Langley E, Hidalgo-Miranda A. Overview of mitochondrial germline variants and mutations in human disease: Focus on breast cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2018; 53:923-936. [PMID: 30015870 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High lactate production in cells during growth under oxygen-rich conditions (aerobic glycolysis) is a hallmark of tumor cells, indicating the role of mitochondrial function in tumorigenesis. In fact, enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and impaired quality control are frequently observed in cancer cells. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes 13 subunits of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), is present in thousands of copies per cell, and has a very high mutation rate. Mutations in mtDNA and nuclear DNA (nDNA) genes encoding proteins that are important players in mitochondrial biogenesis and function are involved in oncogenic processes. A wide range of germline mtDNA polymorphisms, as well as tumor mtDNA somatic mutations have been identified in diverse cancer types. Approximately 72% of supposed tumor-specific somatic mtDNA mutations reported, have also been found as polymorphisms in the general population. The ATPase 6 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit genes of mtDNA are the most commonly mutated genes in breast cancer (BC). Furthermore, nuclear genes playing a role in mitochondrial biogenesis and function, such as peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1), fumarate hydratase (FH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) are frequently mutated in cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the mitochondrial germline variants and mutations in cancer, with particular focus on those found in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Jiménez-Morales
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos J Pérez-Amado
- Biochemistry Sciences Program, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Langley
- Department of Basic Research, National Cancer Institute, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
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Mitochondrial DNA variants modulate genetic susceptibility to Parkinson's disease in Han Chinese. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 114:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Zhang JL, Mao GH, Huang XH, Chang HY, Zheng Y, Cao X. Association between sperm mitochondrial ND2 gene variants and total fertilization failure. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2018; 64:266-273. [PMID: 29577757 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2018.1447616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the association of sperm mitochondrial ND2 (MT-ND2) gene variants with total fertilization failure (TFF). A retrospective comparative study of 246 cases of fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles or half-intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles in the Han Chinese population was performed from July 2011 to May 2017. A total of 59 cases undergoing TFF, and 187 control cases with normal fertilization (fertilization rates >50%) were included. The sperm mitochondrial genovariation was determined using nested sequencing. A total of 32 homoplasmic variants and 47 heteroplasmic variants of MT-ND2 gene were observed in this study. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of the 32 homoplasmic variants of MT-ND2 gene between the TFF and control groups. A total of 53 pair-wise comparisons were performed, and the general characteristics of the IVF failure and control subjects were adjusted in logistic models. Data suggested that there were no significant differences in the frequencies of point 4914, 5320, and 5426 heteroplasmic variants of MT-ND2 gene between the TFF and control groups. In addition, no significant difference was observed in the frequency of mtDNA haplogroup D or haplogroup G between the IVF failure group and the normal fertilization group. This study suggests that the MT-ND2 gene variants might not be associated with TFF. ABBREVIATIONS ATP: adenosine triphosphate; dNTP: deoxy-ribonucleoside triphosphate; FADH2: flavin adenine dinucleotide; FDR: false discovery rate; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; IVF: in vitro fertilization; LH: luteinizing hormone; MTATP6: mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase 6; MTCYB: mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; MT-ND2: mitochondrial ND2; NADH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; ND2: NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; PCR: single nucleotide polymorphisms; SNPs: single nucleotide polymorphisms; TFF: total fertilization failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lan Zhang
- a Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Gen-Hong Mao
- a Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Xiao-Hui Huang
- a Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Hong-Yang Chang
- a Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yi Zheng
- b Wuhan Institute of Dermatology and Venerology , Wuhan , China
| | - Xue Cao
- a Reproductive Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
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Hua F, Zhang X, Hou B, Xue L, Xie A. Relationship between mitochondrial DNA A10398G polymorphism and Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78023-78030. [PMID: 29100444 PMCID: PMC5652833 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have researched the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) A10398G in Parkinson's disease (PD) to determine the association between mtDNA A10398G and PD, but the results of their research were not consistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to demonstrate the connection between mtDNA A10398G and the susceptibility of PD. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Springer Link, EMBASE and EBSCO databases up to identify relevant studies. Through strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, at last, 9 studies (total 3381 cases and 2810 controls) were included in our meta-analysis. We used the STATA 12.0 statistics software to calculate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the genetic association between mtDNA A10398G and the risk of PD. We performed subgroup analysis to clarify the possible roles of the mtDNA A10398G polymorphism in the aetiology of PD in different ethnicities. Our meta-analysis indicates that although there was no significant association between mtDNA A10398G and PD in the Asian population (G vs. A: OR = 1.090, 95% CI = 0.939–1.284, P = 0.242), in the Caucasian population the G allele of mtDNA A10398G mutations may be a potential protective factor of PD (G vs. A: OR = 0.699, 95% CI = 0.546–0.895, P = 0.005). Further well-designed studies with larger samples are needed to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Hua
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Binghui Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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21
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Georgiou A, Demetriou CA, Heraclides A, Christou YP, Leonidou E, Loukaides P, Yiasoumi E, Panagiotou D, Manoli P, Thomson P, Loizidou MA, Hadjisavvas A, Zamba-Papanicolaou E. Mitochondrial superclusters influence age of onset of Parkinson's disease in a gender specific manner in the Cypriot population: A case-control study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183444. [PMID: 28877188 PMCID: PMC5587277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite evidence supporting an involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of some neurodegenerative disorders, there are inconsistent findings concerning mitochondrial haplogroups and their association to neurodegenerative disorders, including idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods To test this hypothesis for the Greek-Cypriot population, a cohort of 230 PD patients and 457 healthy matched controls were recruited. Mitochondrial haplogroup distributions for cases and controls were determined. Association tests were carried out between mitochondrial haplogroups and PD. Results Mitochondrial haplogroup U was associated with a reduced PD risk in the Cypriot population. After pooling mitochondrial haplogroups together into haplogroup clusters and superclusters, association tests demonstrated a significantly protective effect of mitochondrial haplogroup cluster N (xR) and supercluster LMN for PD risk only in females. In addition, for female PD cases belonging to UKJT and R (xH, xUKJT) haplogroup, the odds of having a later age of onset of PD were 13 and 15 times respectively higher than the odds for female cases with an H haplogroup. Conclusion Statistically significant associations regarding PD risk and PD age of onset were mostly detected for females thus suggesting that gender is a risk modifier between mitochondrial haplogroups and PD status / PD age of onset. The biological mechanisms behind this gender specificity remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Georgiou
- Neurology Clinic D, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christiana A. Demetriou
- Neurology Clinic D, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alexandros Heraclides
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Yiolanda P. Christou
- Neurology Clinic D, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Neurology Clinic B, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Leonidou
- Neurology Clinic C, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | - Panayiotis Manoli
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics and the Laboratory of Forensic Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Pippa Thomson
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maria A. Loizidou
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Electron Microscopy and Molecular Pathology Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Hadjisavvas
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Electron Microscopy and Molecular Pathology Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Zamba-Papanicolaou
- Neurology Clinic D, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- The Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- * E-mail:
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MtDNA meta-analysis reveals both phenotype specificity and allele heterogeneity: a model for differential association. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43449. [PMID: 28230165 PMCID: PMC5322532 DOI: 10.1038/srep43449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mtDNA genetic variants have traditionally been considered markers for ancient population migrations. However, during the past three decades, these variants have been associated with altered susceptibility to various phenotypes, thus supporting their importance for human health. Nevertheless, mtDNA disease association has frequently been supported only in certain populations, due either to population stratification or differential epistatic compensations among populations. To partially overcome these obstacles, we performed meta-analysis of the multiple mtDNA association studies conducted until 2016, encompassing 53,975 patients and 63,323 controls. Our findings support the association of mtDNA haplogroups and recurrent variants with specific phenotypes such as Parkinson’s disease, type 2 diabetes, longevity, and breast cancer. Strikingly, our assessment of mtDNA variants’ involvement with multiple phenotypes revealed significant impact for Caucasian haplogroups H, J, and K. Therefore, ancient mtDNA variants could be divided into those that affect specific phenotypes, versus others with a general impact on phenotype combinations. We suggest that the mtDNA could serve as a model for phenotype specificity versus allele heterogeneity.
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Chen YF, Chen WJ, Lin XZ, Zhang QJ, Cai JP, Liou CW, Wang N. Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups and the Risk of Sporadic Parkinson's Disease in Han Chinese. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:1748-54. [PMID: 26112715 PMCID: PMC4733725 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.159348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the precise role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations is obscure. On the other hand, mtDNA haplogroups have been inconsistently reported to modify the risk of PD among different population. Here, we try to explore the relationship between mtDNA haplogroups and sporadic PD in a Han Chinese population. Methods: Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms, which define the major Asian mtDNA haplogroups (A, B, C, D, F, G), were detected via polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism or denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 279 sporadic PD patients and 510 matched controls of Han population. Results: Overall, the distribution of mtDNA haplogroups did not show any significant differences between patients and controls. However, after stratification by age at onset, the frequency of haplogroup B was significantly lower in patients with early-onset PD (EOPD) compared to the controls (odds ratio [OR] =0.225, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.082–0.619, P = 0.004), while other haplogroups did not show significant differences. After stratification by age at examination, among subjects younger than 50 years of age: Haplogroup B also showed a lower frequency in PD cases (OR = 0.146, 95% CI: 0.030–0.715, P = 0.018) while haplogroup D presented a higher risk of PD (OR = 3.579, 95% CI: 1.112–11.523, P = 0.033), other haplogroups also did not show significant differences in the group. Conclusions: Our study indicates that haplogroup B might confer a lower risk for EOPD and people younger than 50 years in Han Chinese, while haplogroup D probably lead a higher risk of PD in people younger than 50 years of age. In brief, particular Asian mtDNA haplogroups likely play a role in the pathogenesis of PD among Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University; Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005, China
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24
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Chu Q, Luo X, Zhan X, Ren Y, Pang H. Female genetic distribution bias in mitochondrial genome observed in Parkinson's Disease patients in northern China. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17170. [PMID: 26602989 PMCID: PMC4658531 DOI: 10.1038/srep17170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been described in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). To explore the potential contribution of mtDNA mutations to the risk of PD in a Chinese population, we examined the linkage relationship between several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in mtDNA and PD. We genotyped 5 SNPs located on coding genes using PCR-RFLP analysis. A specific allele 10398G demonstrated an increased risk of PD (OR 1.30; 95% CI 0.95–1.76; P = 0.013). After stratification by gender, the increased risk appeared to be more significant in females (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.16–3.16; P = 0.001). But the significance only appeared in females under Bonferroni correction. No significant differences were detected for other SNPs (T4336C, G5460A, G9055A, and G13708A). Individual haplotype composed of 4336T-5460G-9055G-10398A-13708G was found to be associated with protective effect regarding PD (P = 0.0025). The haplotypes 4336T-5460G-9055G-10398G-13708G and 4336T-5460G-9055G-10398A-13708G were more significantly associated in females (P = 0.0036 for risk and P = 0.0006 for protective effects). These data suggest that the A10398G and two haplotypes coupled with 10398A or 10398G are closely associated with susceptibility to PD in a northern Chinese population. This association demonstrated a female genetic distribution bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Chu
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Luo
- Department of Neurology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoni Zhan
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Neurology, 1st Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, P.R. China
| | - Hao Pang
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, P.R. China
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25
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Fachal L, Mosquera-Miguel A, Pastor P, Ortega-Cubero S, Lorenzo E, Oterino-Durán A, Toriello M, Quintáns B, Camiña-Tato M, Sesar A, Vega A, Sobrido MJ, Salas A. No evidence of association between common European mitochondrial DNA variants in Alzheimer, Parkinson, and migraine in the Spanish population. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168B:54-65. [PMID: 25349034 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Certain mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants and haplogroups have been found to be associated with neurological disorders. Several studies have suggested that mtDNA variation could have an etiologic role in these disorders by affecting the ATP production on high-energy demanding organs, such as the brain. We have analyzed 15 mtDNA SNPs (mtSNPs) in five cohorts of cases presenting Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and migraine, and in controls, to evaluate the role mtDNA variation in disease risk. Association tests were undertaken both for mtSNPs and mitochondrial haplogroups. No significant association was detected for any mtSNP or haplogroup in AD and PD cohorts. Two mtSNPs were associated with one migraine cohort after correcting for multiple tests, namely, T4216C and G13708A and haplogroup J (FDR q-value = 0.02; Santiago's cohort). However, this association was not confirmed in a second replication migraine series. A review of the literature reveals the existence of inconsistent findings and methodological shortcomings affecting a large proportion of mtDNA association studies on AD, PD, and migraine. A detailed inspection of the literature highlights the need for performing more rigorous methodological and statistical standards in mtDNA genetic association studies aimed to avoid false positive results of association between mtDNA variants and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fachal
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, CIBERER, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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26
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Andalib S, Vafaee MS, Gjedde A. Parkinson's disease and mitochondrial gene variations: A review. J Neurol Sci 2014; 346:11-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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27
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Kenney MC, Chwa M, Atilano SR, Falatoonzadeh P, Ramirez C, Malik D, Tarek M, Cáceres-del-Carpio J, Nesburn AB, Boyer DS, Kuppermann BD, Vawter M, Jazwinski SM, Miceli M, Wallace DC, Udar N. Inherited mitochondrial DNA variants can affect complement, inflammation and apoptosis pathways: insights into mitochondrial-nuclear interactions. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3537-51. [PMID: 24584571 PMCID: PMC4049308 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in developed countries. While linked to genetic polymorphisms in the complement pathway, there are many individuals with high risk alleles that do not develop AMD, suggesting that other 'modifiers' may be involved. Mitochondrial (mt) haplogroups, defined by accumulations of specific mtDNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which represent population origins, may be one such modifier. J haplogroup has been associated with high risk for AMD while the H haplogroup is protective. It has been difficult to assign biological consequences for haplogroups so we created human ARPE-19 cybrids (cytoplasmic hybrids), which have identical nuclei but mitochondria of either J or H haplogroups, to investigate their effects upon bioenergetics and molecular pathways. J cybrids have altered bioenergetic profiles compared with H cybrids. Q-PCR analyses show significantly lower expression levels for seven respiratory complex genes encoded by mtDNA. J and H cybrids have significantly altered expression of eight nuclear genes of the alternative complement, inflammation and apoptosis pathways. Sequencing of the entire mtDNA was carried out for all the cybrids to identify haplogroup and non-haplogroup defining SNPs. mtDNA can mediate cellular bioenergetics and expression levels of nuclear genes related to complement, inflammation and apoptosis. Sequencing data suggest that observed effects are not due to rare mtDNA variants but rather the combination of SNPs representing the J versus H haplogroups. These findings represent a paradigm shift in our concepts of mt-nuclear interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cristina Kenney
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anthony B Nesburn
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David S Boyer
- Retina-Vitreous Associates Medical Group, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | | | - Marquis Vawter
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael Miceli
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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28
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Recent mitochondrial DNA mutations increase the risk of developing common late-onset human diseases. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004369. [PMID: 24852434 PMCID: PMC4031051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is highly polymorphic at the population level, and specific mtDNA variants affect mitochondrial function. With emerging evidence that mitochondrial mechanisms are central to common human diseases, it is plausible that mtDNA variants contribute to the “missing heritability” of several complex traits. Given the central role of mtDNA genes in oxidative phosphorylation, the same genetic variants would be expected to alter the risk of developing several different disorders, but this has not been shown to date. Here we studied 38,638 individuals with 11 major diseases, and 17,483 healthy controls. Imputing missing variants from 7,729 complete mitochondrial genomes, we captured 40.41% of European mtDNA variation. We show that mtDNA variants modifying the risk of developing one disease also modify the risk of developing other diseases, thus providing independent replication of a disease association in different case and control cohorts. High-risk alleles were more common than protective alleles, indicating that mtDNA is not at equilibrium in the human population, and that recent mutations interact with nuclear loci to modify the risk of developing multiple common diseases. There is a growing body of evidence indicating that mitochondrial dysfunction, a result of genetic variation in the mitochondrial genome, is a critical component in the aetiology of a number of complex traits. Here, we take advantage of recent technical and methodological advances to examine the role of common mitochondrial DNA variants in several complex diseases. By examining over 50,000 individuals, from 11 different diseases we show that mitochondrial DNA variants can both increase or decrease an individual's risk of disease, replicating and expanding upon several previously reported studies. Moreover, by analysing several large disease groups in tandem, we are able to show a commonality of association, with the same mitochondrial DNA variants associated with several distinct disease phenotypes. These shared genetic associations implicate a shared underlying functional effect, likely changing cellular energy, which manifests as distinct phenotypes. Our study confirms the important role that mitochondrial DNA variation plays on complex traits and additionally supports the utility of a GWAS-based approach for analysing mitochondrial genetics.
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29
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Ageing and Parkinson's disease: why is advancing age the biggest risk factor? Ageing Res Rev 2014; 14:19-30. [PMID: 24503004 PMCID: PMC3989046 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Review of age related processes occurring within substantia nigra neurons. Discussion of why these neurons seem to be susceptible to loss with age. Review of why SN neurons are particularly sensitive to mitochondrial dysfunction. Review of why SN neurons are sensitive to changes in protein degradation pathways. Discussion of relevance to Parkinson's disease pathology.
As the second most common age related neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, the health, social and economic impact resulting from Parkinson's disease will continue to increase alongside the longevity of the population. Ageing remains the biggest risk factor for developing idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Although research into the mechanisms leading to cell death in Parkinson's disease has shed light on many aspects of the pathogenesis of this disorder, we still cannot answer the fundamental question, what specific age related factors predispose some individuals to develop this common neurodegenerative disease. In this review we focus specifically on the neuronal population associated with the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, and try to understand how ageing puts these neurons at risk to the extent that a slight change in protein metabolism or mitochondrial function can push the cells over the edge leading to catastrophic cell death and many of the symptoms seen in Parkinson's disease. We review the evidence that ageing is important for the development of Parkinson's disease and how age related decline leads to the loss of neurons within this disease, before describing exactly how advancing age may lead to substantia nigra neuronal loss and Parkinson's disease in some individuals.
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30
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Gaweda-Walerych K, Zekanowski C. The impact of mitochondrial DNA and nuclear genes related to mitochondrial functioning on the risk of Parkinson's disease. Curr Genomics 2014; 14:543-59. [PMID: 24532986 PMCID: PMC3924249 DOI: 10.2174/1389202914666131210211033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are the major factors implicated in Parkinson’s disease (PD)
pathogenesis. The maintenance of healthy mitochondria is a very complex process coordinated bi-genomically. Here, we
review association studies on mitochondrial haplogroups and subhaplogroups, discussing the underlying molecular
mechanisms. We also focus on variation in the nuclear genes (NDUFV2, PGC-1alpha, HSPA9, LRPPRC, MTIF3,
POLG1, and TFAM encoding NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
gamma coactivator 1-alpha, mortalin, leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing protein, translation initiation
factor 3, mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma, and mitochondrial transcription factor A, respectively) primarily linked
to regulation of mitochondrial functioning that recently have been associated with PD risk. Possible interactions between
mitochondrial and nuclear genetic variants and related proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gaweda-Walerych
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5 str., 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Cezary Zekanowski
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5 str., 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
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31
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Kenney MC, Chwa M, Atilano SR, Falatoonzadeh P, Ramirez C, Malik D, Tarek M, Del Carpio JC, Nesburn AB, Boyer DS, Kuppermann BD, Vawter MP, Jazwinski SM, Miceli MV, Wallace DC, Udar N. Molecular and bioenergetic differences between cells with African versus European inherited mitochondrial DNA haplogroups: implications for population susceptibility to diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1842:208-19. [PMID: 24200652 PMCID: PMC4326177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The geographic origins of populations can be identified by their maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups. This study compared human cybrids (cytoplasmic hybrids), which are cell lines with identical nuclei but mitochondria from different individuals with mtDNA from either the H haplogroup or L haplogroup backgrounds. The most common European haplogroup is H while individuals of maternal African origin are of the L haplogroup. Despite lower mtDNA copy numbers, L cybrids had higher expression levels for nine mtDNA-encoded respiratory complex genes, decreased ATP (adenosine triphosphate) turnover rates and lower levels of reactive oxygen species production, parameters which are consistent with more efficient oxidative phosphorylation. Surprisingly, GeneChip arrays showed that the L and H cybrids had major differences in expression of genes of the canonical complement system (5 genes), dermatan/chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis (5 genes) and CCR3 (chemokine, CC motif, receptor 3) signaling (9 genes). Quantitative nuclear gene expression studies confirmed that L cybrids had (a) lower expression levels of complement pathway and innate immunity genes and (b) increased levels of inflammation-related signaling genes, which are critical in human diseases. Our data support the hypothesis that mtDNA haplogroups representing populations from different geographic origins may play a role in differential susceptibilities to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cristina Kenney
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Univ. of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Univ. of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Marilyn Chwa
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Univ. of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shari R Atilano
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Univ. of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Claudio Ramirez
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Univ. of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Deepika Malik
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Univ. of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mohamed Tarek
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Univ. of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Anthony B Nesburn
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Univ. of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David S Boyer
- Retina-Vitreous Associates Medical Group, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | | | - Marquis P Vawter
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Univ. of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael V Miceli
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Nitin Udar
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Univ. of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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32
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St John J. The control of mtDNA replication during differentiation and development. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:1345-54. [PMID: 24183916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is important for energy production as it encodes some of the key genes of electron transfer chain, where the majority of cellular energy is generated through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). MtDNA replication is mediated by nuclear DNA-encoded proteins or enzymes, which translocate to the mitochondria, and is strictly regulated throughout development. It starts with approximately 200 copies in each primordial germ cell and these copies undergo expansion and restriction events at various stages of development. SCOPE OF REVIEW I describe the patterns of mtDNA replication at key stages of development. I explain that it is essential to regulate mtDNA copy number and to establish the mtDNA set point in order that the mature, specialised cell acquires the appropriate numbers of mtDNA copy to generate sufficient adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through OXPHOS to undertake its specialised function. I discuss how these processes are dependent on the controlled expression of the nuclear-encoded mtDNA-specific replication factors and that this can be modulated by mtDNA haplotypes. I discuss how these events are altered by certain assisted reproductive technologies, some of which have been proposed to prevent the transmission of mutant mtDNA and others to overcome infertility. Furthermore, some of these technologies are predisposed to transmitting two or more populations of mtDNA, which can be extremely harmful. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The failure to regulate mtDNA replication and mtDNA transmission during development is disadvantageous. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Manipulation of oocytes and embryos can lead to significant implications for the maternal-only transmission of mtDNA. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Frontiers of mitochondrial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin St John
- Mitochondrial Genetics Group, Centre for Genetic Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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33
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Dhillon VS, Fenech M. Mutations that affect mitochondrial functions and their association with neurodegenerative diseases. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2013; 759:1-13. [PMID: 24055911 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for mammalian and human cell function as they generate ATP via aerobic respiration. The proteins required in the electron transport chain are mainly encoded by the circular mitochondrial genome but other essential mitochondrial proteins such as DNA repair genes, are coded in the nuclear genome and require transport into the mitochondria. In this review we summarize current knowledge on the association of point mutations and deletions in the mitochondrial genome that are detrimental to mitochondrial function and are associated with accelerated ageing and neurological disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Mutations in the nuclear encoded genes that disrupt mitochondrial functions are also discussed. It is evident that a greater understanding of the causes of mutations that adversely affect mitochondrial metabolism is required to develop preventive measures against accelerated ageing and neurological disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinderpal S Dhillon
- Preventative-Health Flagship, Gate 13, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Gate 13, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Michael Fenech
- Preventative-Health Flagship, Gate 13, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Gate 13, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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34
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Francis A, Pooja S, Rajender S, Govindaraj P, Tipirisetti NR, Surekha D, Rao DR, Rao L, Ramachandra L, Vishnupriya S, Ramalingam K, Satyamoorthy K, Thangaraj K. A mitochondrial DNA variant 10398G>A in breast cancer among South Indians: an original study with meta-analysis. Mitochondrion 2013; 13:559-65. [PMID: 23993954 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The m.10398G>A polymorphism in the MT-ND3 gene has been linked to the manifestation of several neurodegenerative disorders and cancers. Several research groups have analyzed the association between m.10398G>A polymorphism and breast cancer; however, the results do not follow a consensus. We have studied this polymorphism in three Dravidian populations from South India. Analysis on 716 cases and 724 controls found no association between m.10398G>A polymorphism and breast cancer [OR = 0.916 (0.743-1.128); P = 0.409]. Menopausal stratification also revealed no significant association in either pre-menopausal or post-menopausal breast cancer groups. In addition, we undertook a meta-analysis on 16 study groups, comprising a total of 7202 cases and 7490 controls. The pooled odds ratio suggested no significant association of m.10398G>A substitution with breast cancer [OR = 1.016 (0.85-1.22); P = 0.86]. In conclusion, there is no evidence of association between m.10398G>A polymorphism and breast cancer risk among South Indian women. Meta-analysis suggested no overall correlation between this polymorphism and breast cancer risk.
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35
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Hudson G, Nalls M, Evans JR, Breen DP, Winder-Rhodes S, Morrison KE, Morris HR, Williams-Gray CH, Barker RA, Singleton AB, Hardy J, Wood NE, Burn DJ, Chinnery PF. Two-stage association study and meta-analysis of mitochondrial DNA variants in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2013; 80:2042-8. [PMID: 23645593 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318294b434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous associations between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) have been inconsistent and contradictory. Our aim was to resolve these inconsistencies and determine whether mtDNA has a significant role in the risk of developing PD. METHODS Two-stage genetic association study of 138 common mtDNA variants in 3,074 PD cases and 5,659 ethnically matched controls followed by meta-analysis of 6,140 PD cases and 13,280 controls. RESULTS In the association study, m.2158T>C and m.11251A>G were associated with a reduced risk of PD in both the discovery and replication cohorts. None of the common European mtDNA haplogroups were consistently associated with PD, but pooling of discovery and replication cohorts revealed a protective association with "super-haplogroup" JT. In the meta-analysis, there was a reduced risk of PD with haplogroups J, K, and T and super-haplogroup JT, and an increase in the risk of PD with super-haplogroup H. CONCLUSIONS In a 2-stage association study of mtDNA variants and PD, we confirm the reduced risk of PD with super-haplogroup JT and resolve this at the J1b level. Meta-analysis explains the previous inconsistent associations that likely arise through sampling effects. The reduced risk of PD with haplogroups J, K, and T is mirrored by an increased risk of PD in super-haplogroup HV, which increases survival after sepsis. Antagonistic pleiotropy between mtDNA haplogroups may thus be shaping the genetic landscape in humans, leading to an increased risk of PD in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Hudson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Kenney MC, Hertzog D, Chak G, Atilano SR, Khatibi N, Soe K, Nobe A, Yang E, Chwa M, Zhu F, Memarzadeh M, King J, Langberg J, Small K, Nesburn AB, Boyer DS, Udar N. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups confer differences in risk for age-related macular degeneration: a case control study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 14:4. [PMID: 23302509 PMCID: PMC3566905 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in elderly, Caucasian populations. There is strong evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play a role in the cell death found in AMD retinas. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of the Caucasian mitochondrial JTU haplogroup cluster with AMD. We also assessed for gender bias and additive risk with known high risk nuclear gene SNPs, ARMS2/LOC387715 (G > T; Ala69Ser, rs10490924) and CFH (T > C; Try402His, rs1061170). METHODS Total DNA was isolated from 162 AMD subjects and 164 age-matched control subjects located in Los Angeles, California, USA. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction enzyme digestion were used to identify the J, U, T, and H mitochondrial haplogroups and the ARMS2-rs10490924 and CFH-rs1061170 SNPs. PCR amplified products were sequenced to verify the nucleotide substitutions for the haplogroups and ARMS2 gene. RESULTS The JTU haplogroup cluster occurred in 34% (55/162) of AMD subjects versus 15% (24/164) of normal (OR = 2.99; p = 0.0001). This association was slightly greater in males (OR = 3.98, p = 0.005) than the female population (OR = 3.02, p = 0.001). Assuming a dominant effect, the risk alleles for the ARMS2 (rs10490924; p = 0.00001) and CFH (rs1061170; p = 0.027) SNPs were significantly associated with total AMD populations. We found there was no additive risk for the ARMS2 (rs10490924) or CFH (rs1061170) SNPs on the JTU haplogroup background. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong association of the JTU haplogroup cluster with AMD. In our Southern California population, the ARMS2 (rs10490924) and CFH (rs1061170) genes were significantly but independently associated with AMD. SNPs defining the JTU mitochondrial haplogroup cluster may change the retinal bioenergetics and play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cristina Kenney
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Univeresity of California Irvine, Hewitt Hall, Room 2028, 843 Health Science Rd, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Mitochondrial Genetics of Retinal Disease. Retina 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-0737-9.00032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Luo Y, Gao W, Chen Y, Liu F, Gao Y. Rare Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphisms are Associated with High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) Susceptibility in Han Chinese. Wilderness Environ Med 2012; 23:128-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
We have witnessed tremendous success in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in recent years. Since the identification of variants in the complement factor H gene on the risk of age-related macular degeneration, GWAS have become ubiquitous in genetic studies and have led to the identification of genetic variants that are associated with a variety of complex human diseases and traits. These discoveries have changed our understanding of the biological architecture of common, complex diseases and have also provided new hypotheses to test. New tools, such as next-generation sequencing, will be an important part of the future of genetics research; however, GWAS studies will continue to play an important role in disease gene discovery. Many traits have yet to be explored by GWAS, especially in minority populations, and large collaborative studies are currently being conducted to maximize the return from existing GWAS data. In addition, GWAS technology continues to improve, increasing genomic coverage for major global populations and decreasing the cost of experiments. Although much of the variance attributable to genetic factors for many important traits is still unexplained, GWAS technology has been instrumental in mapping over a thousand genes to hundreds of traits. More discoveries are made each month and the scale, quality and quantity of current work has a steady trend upward. We briefly review the current key trends in GWAS, which can be summarized with three goals: increase power, increase collaborations and increase populations.
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Coto-Segura P, Santos-Juanes J, Gómez J, Alvarez V, Díaz M, Alonso B, Corao AI, Coto E. Common European mitochondrial haplogroups in the risk for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2011; 16:621-3. [PMID: 22191676 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction could contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis (Ps) and Ps-arthritis (PsA). Several common mtDNA polymorphisms/haplogroups have been linked to differences in the production of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial oxidative damage. To test the hypothesis of an association between mtDNA variants and Ps/PsA, we studied the single-nucleotide polymorphisms that define the common European haplogroups in a total of 325 patients and 300 controls from Spain. No allele/haplogroup was significantly associated with the risk for Ps. However, haplogroup J was significantly less frequent among patients with PsA, suggesting a protective effect in our population (p=0.04; odds ratio=0.39). We concluded that mtDNA may have a role in Ps and PsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Coto-Segura
- Dermatología II, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
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OXPHOS toxicogenomics and Parkinson's disease. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2011; 728:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Sánchez-Ferrero E, Coto E, Corao AI, Díaz M, Gámez J, Esteban J, Gonzalo JF, Pascual-Pascual SI, De Munaín AL, Morís G, Infante J, Del Castillo E, Márquez C, Álvarez V. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms/haplogroups in hereditary spastic paraplegia. J Neurol 2011; 259:246-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-6155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Filosto M, Scarpelli M, Cotelli MS, Vielmi V, Todeschini A, Gregorelli V, Tonin P, Tomelleri G, Padovani A. The role of mitochondria in neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurol 2011; 258:1763-74. [PMID: 21604203 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-011-6104-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are implicated in several metabolic pathways including cell respiratory processes, apoptosis, and free radical production. Mitochondrial abnormalities have been documented in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Several studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial impairment plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this group of disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of mitochondria in the main neurodegenerative diseases and review the updated knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Filosto
- Clinical Neurology, Section for Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuropathies, University Hospital Spedali Civili, Pz.le Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy.
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Sundar Boyalla S, Barbara Victor M, Roemgens A, Beyer C, Arnold S. Sex- and brain region-specific role of cytochrome c oxidase in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-mediated astrocyte vulnerability. J Neurosci Res 2011; 89:2068-82. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Association of PGC-1alpha polymorphisms with age of onset and risk of Parkinson's disease. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:69. [PMID: 21595954 PMCID: PMC3112073 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator (PGC)-1α is a transcriptional co-activator of antioxidant genes and a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and recent work suggests a role for PGC-1α. We hypothesized that the rs8192678 PGC-1α single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) may influence risk or age of onset of PD. The A10398G mitochondrial SNP has been inversely associated with risk of PD in some studies. In the current study we analyzed whether rs8192678 or other PGC-1α SNPs affect PD risk or age of onset, singularly or in association with the A10398G SNP. Methods Genomic DNA samples from 378 PD patients and 173 age-matched controls were analyzed by multiplexed probe sequencing, followed by statistical analyses of the association of each SNP, alone or in combination, with risk or age of onset of PD. Adjustments were made for age of onset being less than the age of sampling, and for the observed dependence between these two ages. The PD samples were obtained as two separate cohorts, therefore statistical methods accounted for different sampling methods between the two cohorts, and data were analyzed using Cox regression adjusted for sampling in the risk set definition and in the model. Results The rs8192678 PGC-1α SNP was not associated with the risk of PD. However, an association of the PGC-1α rs8192678 GG variant with longevity was seen in control subjects (p = 0.019). Exploratory studies indicated that the CC variant of rs6821591 was associated with risk of early onset PD (p = 0.029), with PD age of onset (p = 0.047), and with longevity (p = 0.022). The rs2970848 GG allele was associated with risk of late onset PD (p = 0.027). Conclusions These data reveal possible associations of the PGC-1α SNPs rs6821591 and rs2970848 with risk or age of onset of PD, and of the PGC-1α rs8192678 GG and the rs6821591 CC variants with longevity. If replicated in other datasets, these findings may have important implications regarding the role of PGC-1α in PD and longevity.
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Clark J, Dai Y, Simon DK. Do somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations contribute to Parkinson's disease? PARKINSONS DISEASE 2011; 2011:659694. [PMID: 21603185 PMCID: PMC3096076 DOI: 10.4061/2011/659694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A great deal of evidence supports a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), although the origin of the mitochondrial dysfunction in PD remains unclear. Expression of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from PD patients in “cybrid” cell lines recapitulates the mitochondrial defect, implicating a role for mtDNA mutations, but the specific mutations responsible for the mitochondrial dysfunction in PD have been difficult to identify. Somatic mtDNA point mutations and deletions accumulate with age and reach high levels in substantia nigra (SN) neurons. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ (POLG) that lead to the accumulation of mtDNA mutations are associated with a premature aging phenotype in “mutator” mice, although overt parkinsonism has not been reported in these mice, and with parkinsonism in humans. Together these data support, but do not yet prove, the hypothesis that the accumulation of somatic mtDNA mutations in SN neurons contribute to the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Clark
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, E/CLS-628, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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POLG1-Related and other “Mitochondrial Parkinsonisms”: an Overview. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 44:17-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Palacín M, Alvarez V, Martín M, Díaz M, Corao AI, Alonso B, Díaz-Molina B, Lozano I, Avanzas P, Morís C, Reguero JR, Rodríguez I, López-Larrea C, Cannata-Andía J, Batalla A, Ruiz-Ortega M, Martínez-Camblor P, Coto E. Mitochondrial DNA and TFAM gene variation in early-onset myocardial infarction: Evidence for an association to haplogroup H. Mitochondrion 2011; 11:176-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chan CS, Gertler TS, Surmeier DJ. A molecular basis for the increased vulnerability of substantia nigra dopamine neurons in aging and Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2010; 25 Suppl 1:S63-70. [PMID: 20187241 DOI: 10.1002/mds.22801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology. There is no cure or proven strategy for slowing the progression of the disease. Although there are signs of pathology in many brain regions, the core symptoms of PD are attributable to the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. A potential clue to the vulnerability of these neurons is an increasing reliance with age upon L-type Ca(2+) channels with a pore-forming Cav1.3 subunit to support autonomous activity. This reliance could pose a sustained stress on mitochondrial ATP generating oxidative phosphorylation, accelerating cellular aging and death. Systemic administration of isradipine, a dihydropyridine blocker of these channels, forces dopaminergic neurons in rodents to revert to a juvenile, L-type Ca(2+) channel independent mechanism to generate autonomous activity. This "rejuvenation" confers protection against toxins that produce experimental Parkinsonism, pointing to a potential neuroprotective strategy for PD. Their decades-long track record of safe use in the treatment of hypertension makes dihydropyridines particularly attractive as a therapeutic tool in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Savio Chan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Evolution and disease converge in the mitochondrion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2010; 1797:1099-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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