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de Faria SM, de Morais Fabrício D, Tumas V, Castro PC, Ponti MA, Hallak JE, Zuardi AW, Crippa JAS, Chagas MHN. Effects of acute cannabidiol administration on anxiety and tremors induced by a Simulated Public Speaking Test in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:189-196. [PMID: 31909680 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119895536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main components of Cannabis sativa and has anxiolytic properties, but no study has been conducted to evaluate the effects of CBD on anxiety signs and symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of acute CBD administration at a dose of 300 mg on anxiety measures and tremors induced by a Simulated Public Speaking Test (SPST) in individuals with PD. METHODS A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial was conducted. A total of 24 individuals with PD were included and underwent two experimental sessions within a 15-day interval. After taking CBD or a placebo, participants underwent the SPST. During the test, the following data were collected: heart rate, systemic blood pressure and tremor frequency and amplitude. In addition, the Visual Analog Mood Scales (VAMS) and Self-Statements during Public Speaking Scale were applied. Statistical analysis was performed by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) while considering the drug, SPST phase and interactions between these variables. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in the VAMS anxiety factor for the drug; CBD attenuated the anxiety experimentally induced by the SPST. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant differences in the drug for the variable related to tremor amplitude as recorded by the accelerometer. CONCLUSION Acute CBD administration at a dose of 300 mg decreased anxiety in patients with PD, and there was also decreased tremor amplitude in an anxiogenic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vitor Tumas
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paula Costa Castro
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Moacir Antonelli Ponti
- Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Jaime Ec Hallak
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio W Zuardi
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre S Crippa
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Kinematics and muscle activation patterns during a maximal voluntary rate activity in healthy elderly and young adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29:1001-1011. [PMID: 27909885 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maximal voluntary rate (MVR) performance tasks can provide important age-related information to the limiting factors associated with movement and the development of fatigue. AIM To determine whether kinematic and muscle activation patterns during an MVR task differ between young and older adults. METHODS We continuously measured frequency, amplitude, peak velocity, index of co-contraction and median frequencies of the index finger flexors and extensors during a 20-s MVR task in 10 young and 10 older subjects. RESULTS Index finger amplitude and peak velocity in flexion and extension were significantly lower in the older group. During the MVR, amplitude was maintained in the old (1-4 s, 53.2° ± 2.8° vs. 15-19 s, 48.6° ± 3.2°, ns) but not in the younger group (1-4 s, 64.9° ± 4.9° vs. 15-19 s, 59.4° ± 3.3°; p = 0.001). Frequency declined in the young (1-4 s, 5.2 ± 0.24 Hz vs. 15-19 s, 4.4 ± 0.25 Hz; p = 0.001) and old (1-4 s, 4.6 ± 0.17 Hz vs. 15-19 s, 4.0 ± 0.15 Hz; p = 0.01). Similarly, peak flexion velocity of the young (1-4 s, 1.77 ± 0.07 × 103 °/s vs. 15-19 s, 1.01 ± 0.07 × 103 °/s, p = 0.01) and older groups (1-4 s, 1.04 ± 0.07 × 103 °/s vs. 15-19 s, 0.78 ± 0.06 × 103 °/s; p = 0.016) as well as peak extension velocity of the young (1-4 s, 1.01 ± 0.053 × 103 °/s vs. 15-19 s, 0.78 ± 0.06 × 103 °/s, p = 0.01) and older groups (1-4 s, 0.72 ± 0.04 × 103 °/s vs. 15-19 s, 0.58 ± 0.05 × 103 °/s, p = 0.012) significantly decreased throughout the MVR. Median frequency of the flexors and extensors were maintained and were not different between groups. Only the older group experienced an increase in the index of co-contraction. CONCLUSION The changes in kinematics over time are not a result of a decrease in pre-post test force or velocity, but rather central factors affecting movement coordination.
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Chagas MHN, Oliveira THGF, Linares IMP, Balarini FB, Chagas NMS, Tumas V, Crippa JAS. Can anxiety increase tremors in patients with Parkinson’s disease? An experimental model. ARCH CLIN PSYCHIAT 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0101-60830000000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Tremblay P, Sato M, Deschamps I. Age differences in the motor control of speech: An fMRI study of healthy aging. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:2751-2771. [PMID: 28263012 PMCID: PMC6866863 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with a decline in cognitive, executive, and motor processes that are concomitant with changes in brain activation patterns, particularly at high complexity levels. While speech production relies on all these processes, and is known to decline with age, the mechanisms that underlie these changes remain poorly understood, despite the importance of communication on everyday life. In this cross-sectional group study, we investigated age differences in the neuromotor control of speech production by combining behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Twenty-seven healthy adults underwent fMRI while performing a speech production task consisting in the articulation of nonwords of different sequential and motor complexity. Results demonstrate strong age differences in movement time (MT), with longer and more variable MT in older adults. The fMRI results revealed extensive age differences in the relationship between BOLD signal and MT, within and outside the sensorimotor system. Moreover, age differences were also found in relation to sequential complexity within the motor and attentional systems, reflecting both compensatory and de-differentiation mechanisms. At very high complexity level (high motor complexity and high sequence complexity), age differences were found in both MT data and BOLD response, which increased in several sensorimotor and executive control areas. Together, these results suggest that aging of motor and executive control mechanisms may contribute to age differences in speech production. These findings highlight the importance of studying functionally relevant behavior such as speech to understand the mechanisms of human brain aging. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2751-2771, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Tremblay
- Université Laval, Departement de ReadaptationFaculté de MedecineQuebec CityQuebecCanada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Sante Mentale de QuébecQuebec CityQuebecCanada
| | - Marc Sato
- Laboratoire Parole & LangageUniversité Aix‐Marseille, CNRSAix‐en‐ProvenceFrance
| | - Isabelle Deschamps
- Université Laval, Departement de ReadaptationFaculté de MedecineQuebec CityQuebecCanada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Sante Mentale de QuébecQuebec CityQuebecCanada
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Bilodeau-Mercure M, Kirouac V, Langlois N, Ouellet C, Gasse I, Tremblay P. Movement sequencing in normal aging: speech, oro-facial, and finger movements. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9813. [PMID: 26208709 PMCID: PMC4514731 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The manner and extent to which normal aging affects the ability to speak are not fully understood. While age-related changes in voice fundamental frequency and intensity have been documented, changes affecting the planning and articulation of speech are less well understood. In the present study, 76 healthy, cognitively normal participants aged between 18 and 93 years old were asked to produce auditorily and visually triggered sequences of finely controlled movements (speech, oro-facial, and manual movement). These sequences of movements were either (1) simple, in which at least two of the three movements were the same, or (2) complex, in which three different movements were produced. For each of the resulting experimental condition, accuracy was calculated. The results show that, for speech and oro-facial movements, accuracy declined as a function of age and complexity. For these movements, the negative effect of complexity on performance accuracy increased with age. No aging or complexity effects were found for the manual movements on accuracy, but a significant slowing of movement was found, particularly for the complex sequences. These results demonstrate that there is a significant deterioration of fine motor control in normal aging across different response modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Bilodeau-Mercure
- />Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, 2601 de la canardière, Québec, G1J 2G3 QC Canada
- />Département de Réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Vanessa Kirouac
- />Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, 2601 de la canardière, Québec, G1J 2G3 QC Canada
- />Département de Réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Nancy Langlois
- />Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, 2601 de la canardière, Québec, G1J 2G3 QC Canada
- />Département de Réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Claudie Ouellet
- />Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, 2601 de la canardière, Québec, G1J 2G3 QC Canada
| | - Isabelle Gasse
- />Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, 2601 de la canardière, Québec, G1J 2G3 QC Canada
- />Département de Réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Pascale Tremblay
- />Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, 2601 de la canardière, Québec, G1J 2G3 QC Canada
- />Département de Réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
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Metzler MJ, Saucier DM, Metz GA. Enriched childhood experiences moderate age-related motor and cognitive decline. Front Behav Neurosci 2013; 7:1. [PMID: 23423702 PMCID: PMC3575034 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with deterioration of skilled manual movement. Specifically, aging corresponds with increased reaction time, greater movement duration, segmentation of movement, increased movement variability, and reduced ability to adapt to external forces and inhibit previously learned sequences. Moreover, it is thought that decreased lateralization of neural function in older adults may point to increased neural recruitment as a compensatory response to deterioration of key frontal and intra-hemispheric networks, particularly of callosal structures. However, factors that mediate age-related motor decline are not well understood. Here we show that music training in childhood is associated with reduced age-related decline of bimanual and unimanual motor skills in a MIDI keyboard motor learning task. Compared to older adults without music training, older adults with more than a year of music training demonstrated proficient bimanual and unimanual movement, evidenced by enhanced speed and decreased movement errors. Further, this group demonstrated significantly better implicit learning in the weather prediction task, a non-motor task. The performance of older adults with music training in those tasks was comparable to young adults. Older adults, however, displayed greater verbal ability compared to young adults irrespective of a past history of music training. Our results indicate that music training early in life may reduce age-associated decline of neural motor and cognitive networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Metzler
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. The relationship between Parkinson's disease and essential tremor: review of clinical, epidemiologic, genetic, neuroimaging and neuropathological data, and data on the presence of cardinal signs of parkinsonism in essential tremor. TREMOR AND OTHER HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENTS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 2. [PMID: 23439992 PMCID: PMC3572635 DOI: 10.7916/d8fn14z6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The possible relationship between essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) has been controversial since the first description of PD. However, there is increasing evidence suggesting an overlap between these two disorders. The aim of this review is to examine the relationship between PD and ET, focusing on clinical, epidemiologic, genetic, neuroimaging, and neuropathological data, and the presence of cardinal parkinsonism symptoms in ET. METHODS We conducted a PubMed search for articles published between 1966 and November 2011 regarding the relationship between ET and PD and the presence of postural tremor in PD patients; the presence of rest tremor, rigidity, and slowed movements in ET patients is reviewed. RESULTS Clinical series, follow-up studies of ET patients, and case-control and genetic epidemiological studies indicate that ET is associated with increased risk for PD. Some neuroimaging studies and neuropathological reports suggest an association between the two diseases. ET patients show high prevalence of rest tremor, and at least seven studies described slowed movements (possibly related to cerebellar dysfunction and/or bradykinesia) in patients with ET. DISCUSSION There is reasonable epidemiological and clinical evidence to support a link between ET and PD, although it is not clear what factors predict ET patient risk for developing PD or, more rarely, of PD patients developing ET. Future multicentric and multidisciplinary studies including epidemiological, clinical, neuroimaging, genetic, and neuropathological assessments are required to understand these associations.
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Calleja M, Alonso-Navarro H, Rubio L, Navacerrada F, Pilo-de-la-Fuente B, Plaza-Nieto JF, Arroyo-Solera M, García-Ruiz PJ, García-Martín E, Agúndez JA. Influence of age and gender in motor performance in healthy subjects. J Neurol Sci 2011; 302:72-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 11/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Macleod AD, Counsell CE. Timed tests of motor function in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2010; 16:442-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Rubio L, Alonso-Navarro H, Calleja M, Pilo-de-la-Fuente B, Plaza-Nieto JF, Benito-León J, García-Ruiz PJ, Agúndez JAG. Impairment of rapid repetitive finger movements and visual reaction time in patients with essential tremor. Eur J Neurol 2009; 17:152-9. [PMID: 19765055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The question whether patients with essential tremor (ET) have slowed movements as part of their clinical manifestations is still a matter of controversy. We analyzed basic motor function in patients with ET and in healthy matched controls. METHODS We studied 61 patients with ET and 122 age- and sex-matched controls. Evaluation included four timed tests (pronation-supination, finger tapping and movement between two points, all with both hands, and walking test); and three tests performed on a personal computer (speed for pressing repetitively a key - frequency, visual reaction time and movement time, all with both hands). RESULTS Essential tremor patients showed higher mean values for right and left finger tapping, left movement between two points; and with right and left frequency and reaction time. In the logistic regression study, ET patients showed significantly higher values than controls for right and left finger tapping; mean, SD, maximum and rank values of right and left frequency; and mean, SD, minimum, maximum and rank values of right and left visual reaction time. Tremor severity was not correlated with the altered values. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ET showed impaired motor performance, at least in some tasks, such as rapid repetitive finger movements (finger tapping and frequency) and visual reaction time (impairment was not related with tremor severity). This probably means that patients with ET have some degree of bradykinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Jiménez-Jiménez
- Section of Neurology, Hospital del Sureste, Arganda del Rey (Madrid), Spain.
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Barry GP, Simon JW, Auringer D, Dunnican W, Zobal-Ratner J. Performance of strabismic subjects using a validated surgical training module: a pilot study. J AAPOS 2009; 13:350-3, 353.e1-2. [PMID: 19683186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the performance of patients with strabismus to that of age-matched controls in a validated surgical training module. METHODS A prospective experimental study was conducted of 14 adult patients with strabismus since childhood and absent stereopsis and of 14 age-matched controls with normal stereopsis. Each participant received instruction in the task of peg transfer on a validated surgical training device and then completed 10 consecutive timed trials. The means of the best 5 scores were compared using the 2-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS The average age of cases was 34.8 years (range, 15-51 years) compared with 37.8 years (range, 14-56 years) for controls. The scores for the strabismic patients ranged from 50.8 to 151.4 seconds, with a mean of 82.5 +/- 26.7 seconds. Controls ranged from 43.2 to 129 seconds, with a mean of 64.7 +/- 23.9 seconds. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test showed significantly better performance among controls (p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS Patients with strabismus performed more poorly than did age-matched controls in this model of hand-eye coordination. However, there was significant overlap between groups and several patients with strabismus performed better than the mean of the control group. Further investigation is required to elucidate the impact of strabismus on surgical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard P Barry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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Verhave PS, Vanwersch RA, van Helden HP, Smit AB, Philippens IH. Two new test methods to quantify motor deficits in a marmoset model for Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2009; 200:214-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hummel FC, Heise K, Celnik P, Floel A, Gerloff C, Cohen LG. Facilitating skilled right hand motor function in older subjects by anodal polarization over the left primary motor cortex. Neurobiol Aging 2009; 31:2160-8. [PMID: 19201066 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Healthy ageing is accompanied by limitations in performance of activities of daily living and personal independence. Recent reports demonstrated improvements in motor function induced by noninvasive anodal direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) in young healthy adults. Here we tested the hypothesis that a single session of anodal tDCS over left M1 could facilitate performance of right upper extremity tasks required for activities of daily living (Jebsen-Taylor hand function test, JTT) in older subjects relative to Sham in a double-blind cross-over study design. We found (a) significant improvement in JTT function with tDCS relative to Sham that outlasted the stimulation period by at least 30 min, (b) that the older the subjects the more prominent this improvement appeared and (c) that consistent with previous results in younger subjects, these effects were not accompanied by any overt undesired side effect. We conclude that anodal tDCS applied over M1 can facilitate performance of skilled hand functions required for activities of daily living in older subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedhelm C Hummel
- Brain Imaging and Neurostimulation (BINS) Laboratory, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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