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Lahna D, Roese N, Woltjer R, Boespflug EL, Schwartz D, Grinstead J, Dodge HH, Wall R, Kaye JA, Rooney WD, Silbert LC. Postmortem 7T MRI for guided histopathology and evaluation of cerebrovascular disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 82:57-70. [PMID: 36343095 PMCID: PMC9764082 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmortem (PM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can serve as a bridge between in vivo imaging and histology by connecting MRI observed macrostructural findings to histological staining and microstructural changes. Data were acquired from 20 formalin-fixed brains including T2, T1, PD, and T2*-weighted images of left hemispheres and 6-mm-thick coronal slices. Tissue slices were bisected, aligned to MR images and used to guide histological sampling. Markers of myelin and oligodendroglia alterations were semiquantitatively rated and compared within white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and normal-appearing white matter. Tissue priors were created from 3T in vivo data and used to guide segmentation of WMH. PM WMH and hemisphere volumes were compared to volumes derived from in vivo data. PM T2 WMH and T1 hemisphere volumes were correlated with in vivo 3T FLAIR WMH and T1 hemisphere volumes. WMH showed significant myelin loss, decreased GFAP expression and increased vimentin expression. MR-visible perivascular spaces and cortical microvascular lesions were successfully captured on histopathological sections. PM MRI can quantify cerebrovascular disease burden and guide tissue sampling, allowing for more comprehensive characterization of cerebrovascular disease that may be used to study etiologies of age-related cognitive change.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lahna
- NIA-Layton Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Natalie Roese
- NIA-Layton Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Randy Woltjer
- NIA-Layton Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Erin L Boespflug
- NIA-Layton Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Daniel Schwartz
- NIA-Layton Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Hiroko H Dodge
- NIA-Layton Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachel Wall
- NIA-Layton Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kaye
- NIA-Layton Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - William D Rooney
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Lisa C Silbert
- NIA-Layton Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
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2
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Ushizima D, Chen Y, Alegro M, Ovando D, Eser R, Lee W, Poon K, Shankar A, Kantamneni N, Satrawada S, Junior EA, Heinsen H, Tosun D, Grinberg LT. Deep learning for Alzheimer's disease: Mapping large-scale histological tau protein for neuroimaging biomarker validation. Neuroimage 2022; 248:118790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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3
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Ren H, Zhang Z, Zhang J. Physical Exercise Exerts Neuroprotective Effect on Memory Impairment by Mitigate the Decline of Striatum Catecholamine and Spine Density in a Vascular Dementia Rat Model. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2022; 37:15333175221144367. [PMID: 36515911 PMCID: PMC10581139 DOI: 10.1177/15333175221144367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the underlying neurochemical mechanism of physical exercise on striatum synapsis and memory function in vascular dementia model. METHODS 32 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (C group, n = 6), vascular dementia group (Vascular dementia group, n = 7), physical exercise and vascular dementia group (Exe-VD group, n = 6), physical exercise and black group (Exe group, n = 6). 4 weeks of voluntary wheel running were used as pre-exercise training. Vascular dementia model was established by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAo) for 1 week. Passive avoidance test (PAT) were used to test memory function. The level of striatum catecholamine in the microdialysate were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assy (ELISA). Golgi staining was used to analyze striatum neuronal spine density. RESULTS Behavioral data indicated that 4 weeks of physical exercise ameliorated memory impairment in vascular dementia model. Striatum catecholamine level significantly decreased in VD group when compared with C group (P < .001). But this phenomenon can be rescue by physical exercise (P < .001). In addition, compared with C group, neuronal spine density significantly decreased in VD group (P < .01), but 4 weeks of physical exercise can rescue this phenomenon (P < .05). CONCLUSION 4 weeks of physical exercise improves memory function by mitigate the decline of striatum catecholamine and spine density in VD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangzhou Ren
- College of Art and Design, Zhengzhou University of Economics and Business, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhang
- College of Art and Design, Zhengzhou University of Economics and Business, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- College of Art and Design, Zhengzhou University of Economics and Business, Zhengzhou, China
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4
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Rondinoni C, Magnun C, Vallota da Silva A, Heinsen HM, Amaro E. Epilepsy under the scope of ultra-high field MRI. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 121:106366. [PMID: 31300381 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging (UHF-MRI) is capable of unraveling anatomical structures in a submillimeter range. In addition, its high resonance regime allows the quantification of constitutive molecules in a spatially sensitive manner, a crucial capability for determining the extent and localization of a probable epileptogenic region or the severity of the epilepsy. The main technical challenges for data acquisition under UHF are to produce a strong, homogeneous transverse field, while keeping the tissue power deposition within the safe regulatory guidelines. The nonuniformities caused by destructive and constructive interferences at UHFs required new technologies to accelerate and increase yield regarding time spent and quality achieved. Image quality is the paramount contribution of UHF high-resolution imaging, which is capable to disclose fine details of the hippocampal formation and its surroundings and their changes in the course of epilepsy. Other sequences like diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and multiecho susceptibility imaging at 7 T in vivo can assist the creation of normative atlases of the hippocampal subfields or the reconstruction of the highly arborized cerebral blood vessels. In our review, we specify the impact of these advanced relevant techniques onto the study of epilepsy. In this context, we focused onto high field high-resolution scanners and clinically-enriched decision-making. Studies on focal dysplasias correlating ex vivo high-resolution imaging with specific histological and ultrastructural patterns showed that white matter hyperintensities were related to a demyelination process and other alterations. Preliminary results correlating thick serial sections through bioptic epileptogenic tissue could extend the strategy to localize degenerated tissue sectors, correlate nature and extent of tissue loss with preoperative diagnosis and postoperative outcome. Finally, this protocol will provide the neurosurgeon with a detailed depiction of the removed pathologic tissue and possible adverse effects by the pathologic tissue left in situ. This article is part of the special issue "NEWroscience 2018".
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Rondinoni
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Celso Magnun
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edson Amaro
- University of São Paulo, Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Alkemade A, Pine K, Kirilina E, Keuken MC, Mulder MJ, Balesar R, Groot JM, Bleys RLAW, Trampel R, Weiskopf N, Herrler A, Möller HE, Bazin PL, Forstmann BU. 7 Tesla MRI Followed by Histological 3D Reconstructions in Whole-Brain Specimens. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:536838. [PMID: 33117133 PMCID: PMC7574789 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.536838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Post mortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on the human brain are of great interest for the validation of in vivo MRI. It facilitates a link between functional and anatomical information available from MRI in vivo and neuroanatomical knowledge available from histology/immunocytochemistry. However, linking in vivo and post mortem MRI to microscopy techniques poses substantial challenges. Fixation artifacts and tissue deformation of extracted brains, as well as co registration of 2D histology to 3D MRI volumes complicate direct comparison between modalities. Moreover, post mortem brain tissue does not have the same physical properties as in vivo tissue, and therefore MRI approaches need to be adjusted accordingly. Here, we present a pipeline in which whole-brain human post mortem in situ MRI is combined with subsequent tissue processing of the whole human brain, providing a 3-dimensional reconstruction via blockface imaging. To this end, we adapted tissue processing procedures to allow both post mortem MRI and subsequent histological and immunocytochemical processing. For MRI, tissue was packed in a susceptibility matched solution, tailored to fit the dimensions of the MRI coil. Additionally, MRI sequence parameters were adjusted to accommodate T1 and T2∗ shortening, and scan time was extended, thereby benefiting the signal-to-noise-ratio that can be achieved using extensive averaging without motion artifacts. After MRI, the brain was extracted from the skull and subsequently cut while performing optimized blockface imaging, thereby allowing three-dimensional reconstructions. Tissues were processed for Nissl and silver staining, and co-registered with the blockface images. The combination of these techniques allows direct comparisons across modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Alkemade
- Integrative Model-Based Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kerrin Pine
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evgeniya Kirilina
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Neurocomputation and Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Psychology and Educational Science, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Max C Keuken
- Integrative Model-Based Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martijn J Mulder
- Integrative Model-Based Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rawien Balesar
- Integrative Model-Based Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Josephine M Groot
- Integrative Model-Based Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald L A W Bleys
- Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robert Trampel
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Weiskopf
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrler
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Harald E Möller
- NMR Methods & Development Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pierre-Louis Bazin
- Integrative Model-Based Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Birte U Forstmann
- Integrative Model-Based Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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6
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Roseborough AD, Langdon KD, Hammond R, Cipriano LE, Pasternak SH, Whitehead SN, Khan AR. Post-mortem 7 Tesla MRI detection of white matter hyperintensities: A multidisciplinary voxel-wise comparison of imaging and histological correlates. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 27:102340. [PMID: 32679554 PMCID: PMC7364158 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) occur in normal aging and across diagnostic categories of neurodegeneration. Ultra-high field imaging (UHF) MRI machines offer the potential to improve our understanding of WMH. Post-mortem imaging using UHF magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful way of assessing WMH, however, the responsiveness of UHF-MRI to pathological changes within the white matter has not been characterized. In this study we report post-mortem MRI sequences of white matter hyperintensities in normal aging, Alzheimer's disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Seven Tesla post-mortem MRI reliably detected periventricular WMH using both FLAIR and T2 sequences and reflects underlying pathology of myelin and axon density despite prolonged fixation time. Co-registration of histological images to MRI allowed for direct voxel- wise comparison of imaging findings and pathological changes. Myelin content and cerebrovascular pathology were the most significant predictors of MRI white matter intensity as revealed by linear mixed models. Future work investigating the utility of UHF- MRI in studying cell-specific changes within WMH is required to better understand radio-pathologic correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austyn D Roseborough
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristopher D Langdon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Hammond
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren E Cipriano
- Ivey Business School and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen H Pasternak
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Robarts Research Institute, The Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn N Whitehead
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ali R Khan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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7
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O'Sullivan S, Heinsen H, Grinberg LT, Chimelli L, Amaro E, do Nascimento Saldiva PH, Jeanquartier F, Jean-Quartier C, da Graça Morais Martin M, Sajid MI, Holzinger A. The role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in harmonization of high-resolution post-mortem MRI (virtopsy) with respect to brain microstructure. Brain Inform 2019; 6:3. [PMID: 30843118 PMCID: PMC6403267 DOI: 10.1186/s40708-019-0096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced resolution of 7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners has considerably advanced our knowledge of structure and function in human and animal brains. Post-industrialized countries are particularly prone to an ever-increasing number of ageing individuals and ageing-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with volume loss in the affected brain. MRI diagnoses and monitoring of subtle volume changes in the ageing/diseased brains have the potential to become standard diagnostic tools. Even with the superior resolution of 7 T MRI scanners, the microstructural changes comprising cell types, cell numbers, and cellular processes, are still undetectable. Knowledge of origin, nature, and progression for microstructural changes are necessary to understand pathogenetic stages in the relentless neurodegenerative diseases, as well as to develop therapeutic tools that delay or stop neurodegenerative processes at their earliest stage. We illustrate the gap in resolution by comparing the identical regions of the post-mortem in situ 7 T MR images (virtual autopsy or virtopsy) with the histological observations in serial sections through the same brain. We also described the protocols and limitations associated with these comparisons, as well as the necessity of supercomputers and data management for "Big data". Analysis of neuron and/or glial number by using a body of mathematical tools and guidelines (stereology) is time-consuming, cumbersome, and still restricted to trained human investigators. Development of tools based on machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) could considerably accelerate studies on localization, onset, and progression of neuron loss. Finally, these observations could disentangle the mechanisms of volume loss into stages of reversible atrophy and/or irreversible fatal cell death. This AI- and ML-based cooperation between virtopsy and histology could bridge the present gap between virtual reality and neuropathology. It could also culminate in the creation of an imaging-associated comprehensive database. This database would include genetic, clinical, epidemiological, and technical aspects that could help to alleviate or even stop the adverse effects of neurodegenerative diseases on affected individuals, their families, and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane O'Sullivan
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Morphological Brain Research Unit, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lea Tenenholz Grinberg
- Morphological Brain Research Unit, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Aging Brain Project, Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Albert Einstein Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leila Chimelli
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, State Institute of Brain, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edson Amaro
- Institute of Radiology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário do Nascimento Saldiva
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Advanced Studies, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fleur Jeanquartier
- Holzinger Group, Institute for Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Claire Jean-Quartier
- Holzinger Group, Institute for Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Mohammed Imran Sajid
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Birkenhead, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Holzinger Group, Institute for Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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8
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Shaaban CE, Jorgensen DR, Gianaros PJ, Mettenburg J, Rosano C. Cerebrovascular disease: Neuroimaging of cerebral small vessel disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 165:225-255. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Jorgensen DR, Shaaban CE, Wiley CA, Gianaros PJ, Mettenburg J, Rosano C. A population neuroscience approach to the study of cerebral small vessel disease in midlife and late life: an invited review. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H1117-H1136. [PMID: 29393657 PMCID: PMC6032084 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00535.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aging in later life engenders numerous changes to the cerebral microvasculature. Such changes can remain clinically silent but are associated with greater risk for negative health outcomes over time. Knowledge is limited about the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of potentially detrimental changes in the cerebral microvasculature that occur with advancing age. In this review, we summarize literature on aging of the cerebral microvasculature, and we propose a conceptual framework to fill existing research gaps and advance future work on this heterogeneous phenomenon. We propose that the major gaps in this area are attributable to an incomplete characterization of cerebrovascular pathology, the populations being studied, and the temporality of exposure to risk factors. Specifically, currently available measures of age-related cerebral microvasculature changes are indirect, primarily related to parenchymal damage rather than direct quantification of small vessel damage, limiting the understanding of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) itself. Moreover, studies seldom account for variability in the health-related conditions or interactions with risk factors, which are likely determinants of cSVD pathogenesis. Finally, study designs are predominantly cross-sectional and/or have relied on single time point measures, leaving no clear evidence of time trajectories of risk factors or of change in cerebral microvasculature. We argue that more resources should be invested in 1) developing methodological approaches and basic science models to better understand the pathogenic and etiological nature of age-related brain microvascular diseases and 2) implementing state-of-the-science population study designs that account for the temporal evolution of cerebral microvascular changes in diverse populations across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana R Jorgensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - C Elizabeth Shaaban
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Clayton A Wiley
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter J Gianaros
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Mettenburg
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Caterina Rosano
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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10
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Alho EJL, Alho ATDL, Grinberg L, Amaro E, Dos Santos GAB, da Silva RE, Neves RC, Alegro M, Coelho DB, Teixeira MJ, Fonoff ET, Heinsen H. High thickness histological sections as alternative to study the three-dimensional microscopic human sub-cortical neuroanatomy. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:1121-1132. [PMID: 29094303 PMCID: PMC5899898 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stereotaxy is based on the precise image-guided spatial localization of targets within the human brain. Even with the recent advances in MRI technology, histological examination renders different (and complementary) information of the nervous tissue. Although several maps have been selected as a basis for correlating imaging results with the anatomical locations of sub-cortical structures, technical limitations interfere in a point-to-point correlation between imaging and anatomy due to the lack of precise correction for post-mortem tissue deformations caused by tissue fixation and processing. We present an alternative method to parcellate human brain cytoarchitectural regions, minimizing deformations caused by post-mortem and tissue-processing artifacts and enhancing segmentation by means of modified high thickness histological techniques and registration with MRI of the same specimen and into MNI space (ICBM152). A three-dimensional (3D) histological atlas of the human thalamus, basal ganglia, and basal forebrain cholinergic system is displayed. Structure's segmentations were performed in high-resolution dark-field and light-field microscopy. Bidimensional non-linear registration of the histological slices was followed by 3D registration with in situ MRI of the same subject. Manual and automated registration procedures were adopted and compared. To evaluate the quality of the registration procedures, Dice similarity coefficient and normalized weighted spectral distance were calculated and the results indicate good overlap between registered volumes and a small shape difference between them in both manual and automated registration methods. High thickness high-resolution histological slices in combination with registration to in situ MRI of the same subject provide an effective alternative method to study nuclear boundaries in the human brain, enhancing segmentation and demanding less resources and time for tissue processing than traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Joaquim Lopes Alho
- Morphological Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovidio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, 01060-970, Brazil.
- , Rua Pamplona, 1585, Apto 53, São Paulo, 01405-002, Brazil.
| | - Ana Tereza Di Lorenzo Alho
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovidio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, 01060-970, Brazil
| | - Lea Grinberg
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Sandler Neurosciences Center, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edson Amaro
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovidio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, 01060-970, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Aparecida Bento Dos Santos
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovidio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, 01060-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael Emídio da Silva
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovidio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, 01060-970, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Caires Neves
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maryana Alegro
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovidio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, 01060-970, Brazil
- Sandler Neurosciences Center, Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Boari Coelho
- Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erich Talamoni Fonoff
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- Morphological Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Rua Dr. Ovidio Pires de Campos, 785, São Paulo, 01060-970, Brazil
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11
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Grothe MJ, Kilimann I, Grinberg L, Heinsen H, Teipel S. In Vivo Volumetry of the Cholinergic Basal Forebrain. NEUROMETHODS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7674-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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12
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McAleese KE, Alafuzoff I, Charidimou A, De Reuck J, Grinberg LT, Hainsworth AH, Hortobagyi T, Ince P, Jellinger K, Gao J, Kalaria RN, Kovacs GG, Kövari E, Love S, Popovic M, Skrobot O, Taipa R, Thal DR, Werring D, Wharton SB, Attems J. Post-mortem assessment in vascular dementia: advances and aspirations. BMC Med 2016; 14:129. [PMID: 27600683 PMCID: PMC5011905 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular lesions are a frequent finding in the elderly population. However, the impact of these lesions on cognitive performance, the prevalence of vascular dementia, and the pathophysiology behind characteristic in vivo imaging findings are subject to controversy. Moreover, there are no standardised criteria for the neuropathological assessment of cerebrovascular disease or its related lesions in human post-mortem brains, and conventional histological techniques may indeed be insufficient to fully reflect the consequences of cerebrovascular disease. DISCUSSION Here, we review and discuss both the neuropathological and in vivo imaging characteristics of cerebrovascular disease, prevalence rates of vascular dementia, and clinico-pathological correlations. We also discuss the frequent comorbidity of cerebrovascular pathology and Alzheimer's disease pathology, as well as the difficult and controversial issue of clinically differentiating between Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and mixed Alzheimer's disease/vascular dementia. Finally, we consider additional novel approaches to complement and enhance current post-mortem assessment of cerebral human tissue. CONCLUSION Elucidation of the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular disease, clarification of characteristic findings of in vivo imaging and knowledge about the impact of combined pathologies are needed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of clinical diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty E McAleese
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Irina Alafuzoff
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Charidimou
- Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Program, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Stroke Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Lea T Grinberg
- Departments of neurology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, USA.,Department of Pathology - LIM-22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Atticus H Hainsworth
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Tibor Hortobagyi
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Paul Ince
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Jing Gao
- Neurological Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Raj N Kalaria
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Enikö Kövari
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Seth Love
- Clincial Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mara Popovic
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Olivia Skrobot
- Clincial Neurosciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ricardo Taipa
- Unit of Neuropathology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dietmar R Thal
- Department of Neuroscience, KU-Leuven and Department of Pathology, UZ-Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Werring
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Johannes Attems
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the diagnostic term used to describe a heterogeneous group of sporadic and hereditary diseases of the large and small blood vessels. Subcortical small vessel disease (SVD) leads to lacunar infarcts and progressive damage to the white matter. Patients with progressive damage to the white matter, referred to as Binswanger's disease (BD), constitute a spectrum from pure vascular disease to a mixture with neurodegenerative changes. Binswanger's disease patients are a relatively homogeneous subgroup with hypoxic hypoperfusion, lacunar infarcts, and inflammation that act synergistically to disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and break down myelin. Identification of this subgroup can be facilitated by multimodal disease markers obtained from clinical, cerebrospinal fluid, neuropsychological, and imaging studies. This consensus statement identifies a potential set of biomarkers based on underlying pathologic changes that could facilitate diagnosis and aid patient selection for future collaborative treatment trials.
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14
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Kilimann I, Grothe M, Heinsen H, Alho EJL, Grinberg L, Amaro E, Dos Santos GAB, da Silva RE, Mitchell AJ, Frisoni GB, Bokde ALW, Fellgiebel A, Filippi M, Hampel H, Klöppel S, Teipel SJ. Subregional basal forebrain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease: a multicenter study. J Alzheimers Dis 2014; 40:687-700. [PMID: 24503619 DOI: 10.3233/jad-132345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Histopathological studies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggest severe and region-specific neurodegeneration of the basal forebrain cholinergic system (BFCS). Here, we studied the between-center reliability and diagnostic accuracy of MRI-based BFCS volumetry in a large multicenter data set, including participants with prodromal (n = 41) or clinically manifest AD (n = 134) and 148 cognitively healthy controls. Atrophy was determined using voxel-based and region-of-interest based analyses of high-dimensionally normalized MRI scans using a newly created map of the BFCS based on postmortem in cranio MRI and histology. The AD group showed significant volume reductions of all subregions of the BFCS, which were most pronounced in the posterior nucleus basalis Meynert (NbM). The mild cognitive impairment-AD group showed pronounced volume reductions in the posterior NbM, but preserved volumes of anterior-medial regions. Diagnostic accuracy of posterior NbM volume was superior to hippocampus volume in both groups, despite higher multicenter variability of the BFCS measurements. The data of our study suggest that BFCS morphometry may provide an emerging biomarker in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michel Grothe
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- Laboratory of Morphological Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eduardo Joaquim Lopez Alho
- Laboratory of Morphological Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lea Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA Aging Brain Study Group, LIM-22, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Amaro
- Department of Radiology, University of Sao Paulo, Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alex J Mitchell
- Department of Psycho-oncology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- LENITEM Laboratory of Epidemiology, Neuroimaging and Telemedicine, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio, FBF, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Cognitive Systems Group, Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience (TCIN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreas Fellgiebel
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele, Mailand, Italy
| | - Harald Hampel
- Department of Psychiatry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Klöppel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg Brain Imaging, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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15
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Brain atrophy in primary progressive aphasia involves the cholinergic basal forebrain and Ayala's nucleus. Psychiatry Res 2014; 221:187-94. [PMID: 24434193 PMCID: PMC4086659 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is characterized by left hemispheric frontotemporal cortical atrophy. Evidence from anatomical studies suggests that the nucleus subputaminalis (NSP), a subnucleus of the cholinergic basal forebrain, may be involved in the pathological process of PPA. Therefore, we studied the pattern of cortical and basal forebrain atrophy in 10 patients with a clinical diagnosis of PPA and 18 healthy age-matched controls using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We determined the cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei according to Mesulam's nomenclature and the NSP in MRI reference space based on histological sections and the MRI scan of a post-mortem brain in cranio. Using voxel-based analysis, we found left hemispheric cortical atrophy in PPA patients compared with controls, including prefrontal, lateral temporal and medial temporal lobe areas. We detected cholinergic basal forebrain atrophy in left predominant localizations of Ch4p, Ch4am, Ch4al, Ch3 and NSP. For the first time, we have described the pattern of basal forebrain atrophy in PPA and confirmed the involvement of NSP that had been predicted based on theoretical considerations. Our findings may enhance understanding of the role of cholinergic degeneration for the regional specificity of the cortical destruction leading to the syndrome of PPA.
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16
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Theofilas P, Polichiso L, Wang X, Lima LC, Alho ATL, Leite REP, Suemoto CK, Pasqualucci CA, Jacob-Filho W, Heinsen H, Grinberg LT. A novel approach for integrative studies on neurodegenerative diseases in human brains. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 226:171-183. [PMID: 24503023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite a massive research effort to elucidate Alzheimer's disease (AD) in recent decades, effective treatment remains elusive. This failure may relate to an oversimplification of the pathogenic processes underlying AD and also lack of understanding of AD progression during its long latent stages. Although evidence shows that the two specific neuropathological hallmarks in AD (neuronal loss and protein accumulation), which are opposite in nature, do not progress in parallel, the great majority of studies have focused on only one of these aspects. Furthermore, research focusing on single structures is likely to render an incomplete picture of AD pathogenesis because as AD involves complete brain networks, potential compensatory mechanisms within the network may ameliorate impairment of the system to a certain extent. Here, we describe an approach for enabling integrative analysis of the dual-nature lesions, simultaneously, in all components of one of the brain networks most vulnerable to AD. This approach is based on significant development of methods previously described mainly by our group that were optimized and complemented for this study. It combines unbiased stereology with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, making use of advanced graphics computing for three-dimensional (3D) volume reconstructions. Although this study was performed in human brainstem and focused in AD, it may be applied to the study of any neurological disease characterized by dual-nature lesions, in humans and animal models. This approach does not require a high level of investment in new equipment and a significant number of specimens can be processed and analyzed within a funding cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panos Theofilas
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco Nelson Rising Lane, P.O. Box 1207, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Livia Polichiso
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco Nelson Rising Lane, P.O. Box 1207, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Discipline of Pathophysiology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, Sao Paulo, CEP 01246903, SP, Brazil
| | - Xuehua Wang
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco Nelson Rising Lane, P.O. Box 1207, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Luzia C Lima
- Discipline of Pathophysiology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, Sao Paulo, CEP 01246903, SP, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Brasileiro Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein 627/701, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana T L Alho
- Discipline of Pathophysiology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, Sao Paulo, CEP 01246903, SP, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Brasileiro Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein 627/701, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata E P Leite
- Department of Pathology, LIM-22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, sala 1353, Sao Paulo, CEP 01246903, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia K Suemoto
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, sala 1151, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Pasqualucci
- Department of Pathology, LIM-22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, sala 1353, Sao Paulo, CEP 01246903, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson Jacob-Filho
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, sala 1151, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helmut Heinsen
- Laboratory of Morphological Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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- Department of Pathology, LIM-22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, sala 1353, Sao Paulo, CEP 01246903, SP, Brazil
| | - Lea T Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco Nelson Rising Lane, P.O. Box 1207, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Discipline of Pathophysiology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, Sao Paulo, CEP 01246903, SP, Brazil.
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17
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Hampel H, Lista S, Teipel SJ, Garaci F, Nisticò R, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Bertram L, Duyckaerts C, Bakardjian H, Drzezga A, Colliot O, Epelbaum S, Broich K, Lehéricy S, Brice A, Khachaturian ZS, Aisen PS, Dubois B. Perspective on future role of biological markers in clinical therapy trials of Alzheimer's disease: a long-range point of view beyond 2020. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 88:426-49. [PMID: 24275164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying various paths toward the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has begun to provide new insight for interventions to modify disease progression. The evolving knowledge gained from multidisciplinary basic research has begun to identify new concepts for treatments and distinct classes of therapeutic targets; as well as putative disease-modifying compounds that are now being tested in clinical trials. There is a mounting consensus that such disease modifying compounds and/or interventions are more likely to be effectively administered as early as possible in the cascade of pathogenic processes preceding and underlying the clinical expression of AD. The budding sentiment is that "treatments" need to be applied before various molecular mechanisms converge into an irreversible pathway leading to morphological, metabolic and functional alterations that characterize the pathophysiology of AD. In light of this, biological indicators of pathophysiological mechanisms are desired to chart and detect AD throughout the asymptomatic early molecular stages into the prodromal and early dementia phase. A major conceptual development in the clinical AD research field was the recent proposal of new diagnostic criteria, which specifically incorporate the use of biomarkers as defining criteria for preclinical stages of AD. This paradigm shift in AD definition, conceptualization, operationalization, detection and diagnosis represents novel fundamental opportunities for the modification of interventional trial designs. This perspective summarizes not only present knowledge regarding biological markers but also unresolved questions on the status of surrogate indicators for detection of the disease in asymptomatic people and diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hampel
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Département de Neurologie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Pavillon François Lhermitte, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
| | - Simone Lista
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
| | - Francesco Garaci
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology, and Radiotherapy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome and San Raffaele Cassino, Cassino, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Lars Bertram
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charles Duyckaerts
- Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Raymond-Escourolle, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Hovagim Bakardjian
- IM2A - Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Paris, France; IHU-A-ICM - Paris Institute of Translational Neurosciences Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Olivier Colliot
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, UMR-S975 Paris, France; Inserm, U975, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France; ICM - Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France; INRIA, Aramis Team, Centre de Recherche Paris-Rocquencourt, France
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Karl Broich
- Federal Institute of Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- IHU-A-ICM - Paris Institute of Translational Neurosciences Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, UMR-S975 Paris, France; Inserm, U975, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France; ICM - Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, UMR-S975 Paris, France; Inserm, U975, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France; ICM - Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Paris, France
| | | | - Paul S Aisen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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18
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A quantitative postmortem MRI design sensitive to white matter hyperintensity differences and their relationship with underlying pathology. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2013; 71:1113-22. [PMID: 23147507 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e318277387e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) associate with both cognitive slowing and motor dysfunction in the neurologically normal elderly. A full understanding of the pathology underlying this clinicoradiologic finding is currently lacking in autopsy-confirmed normal brains. To determine the histopathologic basis of WMH seen on magnetic resonance imaging, we studied the relationship between postmortem fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) intensity and neuropathologic markers of WM lesions (WMLs) that correspond to WMH in cognitively normal aging brains. Samples of periventricular (n = 24), subcortical (n = 26), and normal-appearing WM (NAWM, n = 31) from 4clinically and pathologically confirmed normal cases were examined. The FLAIR intensity, vacuolation, and myelin basic protein immunoreactivity loss were significantly higher in periventricular WML versus subcortical WML; both were higher than in NAWM. The subcortical WML and NAWM had significantly less axonal loss, astrocytic burden, microglial density, and oligodendrocyte loss than those of the periventricular WML. Thus, vacuolation, myelin density, and small vessel density contribute to the rarefaction of WM, whereas axonal density, oligodendrocyte density, astroglial burden, and microglial density did not. These data suggest that the age-related loss of myelin basic protein and the decrease in small vessel density may contribute to vacuolation of WM. Vacuolation enables interstitial fluid to accumulate, which contributes to the prolonged T2 relaxation and elevated FLAIR intensity in the WM.
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Kochová P, Cimrman R, Janáček J, Witter K, Tonar Z. How to asses, visualize and compare the anisotropy of linear structures reconstructed from optical sections—A study based on histopathological quantification of human brain microvessels. J Theor Biol 2011; 286:67-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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20
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Morphometric post-mortem studies in bipolar disorder: possible association with oxidative stress and apoptosis. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2011; 14:1075-89. [PMID: 21205433 DOI: 10.1017/s146114571000146x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research in the last decades, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) remains unclear. Access to post-mortem brain tissue of subjects who had BD offers an opportunity to investigate neurobiology and this approach has led to some progress, particularly, due to the availability of more sophisticated molecular and cellular biological methodologies and well characterized brain collections over the past decade. Here we review the findings of morphometric post-mortem studies in BD and interpret them in the context of a potential physiopathological mechanism involving oxidative stress and apoptosis. A review of the literature was conducted to identify post-mortem studies that investigated cellular changes such as number, density and size of neurons and glia, in brains of subjects with BD. We found decreased density of neurons and glia and decreased size of neurons in frontal and subcortical areas of the brain. Based on recent studies that found evidence of increased apoptosis and oxidative stress in BD, we hypothesize that the cell abnormalities described are due to an increase in the apoptotic process that can be triggered, through its intrinsic pathway, by the existence of an exacerbated production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage in the disease.
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21
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de Oliveira KC, Nery FG, Ferreti REL, Lima MC, Cappi C, Machado-Lima A, Polichiso L, Carreira LL, Ávila C, Alho ATDL, Brentani HP, Miguel EC, Heinsen H, Jacob-Filho W, Pasqualucci CA, Lafer B, Grinberg LT. Brazilian psychiatric brain bank: a new contribution tool to network studies. Cell Tissue Bank 2011; 13:315-26. [PMID: 21562728 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-011-9258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for expanding the number of brain banks serving psychiatric research. We describe here the Psychiatric Disorders arm of the Brain Bank of the Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group (Psy-BBBABSG), which is focused in bipolar disorder (BD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Our protocol was designed to minimize limitations faced by previous initiatives, and to enable design-based neurostereological analyses. The Psy-BBBABSG first milestone is the collection of 10 brains each of BD and OCD patients, and matched controls. The brains are sourced from a population-based autopsy service. The clinical and psychiatric assessments were done by an expert team including psychiatrists, through an informant. One hemisphere was perfused-fixed to render an optimal fixation for conducting neurostereological studies. The other hemisphere was comprehensively dissected and frozen for molecular studies. In 20 months, we collected 36 brains. A final report was completed for 14 cases: 3 BDs, 4 major depressive disorders, 1 substance use disorder, 1 mood disorder NOS, 3 obsessive compulsive spectrum symptoms, 1 OCD and 1 schizophrenia. The majority were male (64%), and the average age at death was 67.2 ± 9.0 years. The average postmortem interval was 16 h. Three matched controls were collected. The pilot stage confirmed that the protocols are well fitted to reach our goals. Our unique autopsy source makes possible to collect a fairly number of high quality cases in a short time. Such a collection offers an additional to the international research community to advance the understanding on neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C de Oliveira
- Brazilian Aging Brain Study Group (BBBABSG)/LIM 22, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Grinberg LT, Thal DR. Vascular pathology in the aged human brain. Acta Neuropathol 2010; 119:277-90. [PMID: 20155424 PMCID: PMC2831184 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-010-0652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral atherosclerosis (AS), small vessel disease (SVD), and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are the most prevalent arterial disorders in the aged brain. Pathogenetically, AS and SVD share similar mechanisms: plasma protein leakage into the vessel wall, accumulation of lipid-containing macrophages, and fibrosis of the vessel wall. CAA, on the other hand, is characterized by the deposition of the amyloid β-protein in the vessel wall. Despite these differences between CAA, AS and SVD, apolipoprotein E (apoE) is involved in all three disorders. Such a pathogenetic link may explain the correlations between AS, SVD, CAA, and Alzheimer’s disease in the brains of elderly individuals reported in the literature. In addition, AS, SVD, and CAA can lead to tissue lesions such as hemorrhage and infarction. Moreover, intracerebral SVD leads to plasma protein leakage into the damaged vessel wall and into the perivascular space resulting in a blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. This SVD-related BBB dysfunction is considered to cause white matter lesions (WMLs) and lacunar infarcts. In this review, we demonstrate the relationship between AS, SVD, and CAA as well as their contribution to the development of vascular tissue lesions and we emphasize an important role for apoE in the pathogenesis of vessel disorders and vascular tissue lesions as well as for BBB dysfunction on WML and lacunar infarct development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Tenenholz Grinberg
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, 305 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- Aging Brain Research Group, Department of Pathology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 sala 1353, São Paulo, SP 01246903 Brazil
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Center for Clinical Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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