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Gao SY, Liu YX, Dong Y, Fan LL, Ding Q, Liu L. Case report: A novel WASHC5 variant altering mRNA splicing causes spastic paraplegia in a patient. Front Genet 2023; 14:1205052. [PMID: 38028608 PMCID: PMC10644772 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1205052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a progressive upper-motor neurodegenerative disease. Mutations in the WASHC5 gene are associated with autosomal dominant HSP, spastic paraplegia 8 (SPG8). However, due to the small number of reported cases, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Method: We report a Chinese family with HSP. The proband was referred to our hospital due to restless leg syndrome and insomnia. The preliminary clinical diagnosis of the proband was spastic paraplegia. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA splicing analysis were conducted to evaluate the genetic cause of the disease in this family. Results: A novel splice-altering variant (c.712-2A>G) in the WASHC5 gene was detected and further verified by RNA splicing analysis and Sanger sequencing. Real-time qPCR analysis showed that the expression of genes involved in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and SCAR homolog (WASH) complex and endosomal and lysosomal systems was altered due to this variant. Conclusion: A novel heterozygous splice-altering variant (c.712-2A>G) in the WASHC5 gene was detected in a Chinese family with HSP. Our study provided data for genetic counseling to this family and offered evidence that this splicing variant in the WASHC5 gene is significant in causing HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Yu Gao
- Department of Neurology, Changshu No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changshu, China
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Xing Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liang-Liang Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Ding
- Department of Neurology, Changshu No. 2 People’s Hospital, Changshu, China
| | - Lv Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Research Unit of Respiratory Disease, Hunan Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Respiratory Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Schurr Y, Reil L, Spindler M, Nieswandt B, Machesky LM, Bender M. The WASH-complex subunit Strumpellin regulates integrin αIIbβ3 trafficking in murine platelets. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9526. [PMID: 37308549 PMCID: PMC10260982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The platelet specific integrin αIIbβ3 mediates platelet adhesion, aggregation and plays a central role in thrombosis and hemostasis. In resting platelets, αIIbβ3 is expressed on the membrane surface and in intracellular compartments. Upon activation, the number of surface-expressed αIIbβ3 is increased by the translocation of internal granule pools to the plasma membrane. The WASH complex is the major endosomal actin polymerization-promoting complex and has been implicated in the generation of actin networks involved in endocytic trafficking of integrins in other cell types. The role of the WASH complex and its subunit Strumpellin in platelet function is still unknown. Here, we report that Strumpellin-deficient murine platelets display an approximately 20% reduction in integrin αIIbβ3 surface expression. While exposure of the internal αIIbβ3 pool after platelet activation was unaffected, the uptake of the αIIbβ3 ligand fibrinogen was delayed. The number of platelet α-granules was slightly but significantly increased in Strumpellin-deficient platelets. Quantitative proteome analysis of isolated αIIbβ3-positive vesicular structures revealed an enrichment of protein markers, which are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex and early endosomes in Strumpellin-deficient platelets. These results point to a so far unidentified role of the WASH complex subunit Strumpellin in integrin αIIbβ3 trafficking in murine platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Schurr
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine-Chair I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lucy Reil
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine-Chair I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Spindler
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine-Chair I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine-Chair I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura M Machesky
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Sanger Building, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Markus Bender
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine-Chair I, University Hospital and Rudolf Virchow Center, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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3
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Clemen CS, Schmidt A, Winter L, Canneva F, Wittig I, Becker L, Coras R, Berwanger C, Hofmann A, Eggers B, Marcus K, Gailus-Durner V, Fuchs H, de Angelis MH, Krüger M, von Hörsten S, Eichinger L, Schröder R. N471D WASH complex subunit strumpellin knock-in mice display mild motor and cardiac abnormalities and BPTF and KLHL11 dysregulation in brain tissue. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12750. [PMID: 34312900 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated N471D WASH complex subunit strumpellin (Washc5) knock-in and Washc5 knock-out mice as models for hereditary spastic paraplegia type 8 (SPG8). METHODS We generated heterozygous and homozygous N471D Washc5 knock-in mice and subjected them to a comprehensive clinical, morphological and laboratory parameter screen, and gait analyses. Brain tissue was used for proteomic analysis. Furthermore, we generated heterozygous Washc5 knock-out mice. WASH complex subunit strumpellin expression was determined by qPCR and immunoblotting. RESULTS Homozygous N471D Washc5 knock-in mice showed mild dilated cardiomyopathy, decreased acoustic startle reactivity, thinner eye lenses, increased alkaline phosphatase and potassium levels and increased white blood cell counts. Gait analyses revealed multiple aberrations indicative of locomotor instability. Similarly, the clinical chemistry, haematology and gait parameters of heterozygous mice also deviated from the values expected for healthy animals, albeit to a lesser extent. Proteomic analysis of brain tissue depicted consistent upregulation of BPTF and downregulation of KLHL11 in heterozygous and homozygous knock-in mice. WASHC5-related protein interaction partners and complexes showed no change in abundancies. Heterozygous Washc5 knock-out mice showing normal WASHC5 levels could not be bred to homozygosity. CONCLUSIONS While biallelic ablation of Washc5 was prenatally lethal, expression of N471D mutated WASHC5 led to several mild clinical and laboratory parameter abnormalities, but not to a typical SPG8 phenotype. The consistent upregulation of BPTF and downregulation of KLHL11 suggest mechanistic links between the expression of N471D mutated WASHC5 and the roles of both proteins in neurodegeneration and protein quality control, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph S Clemen
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Excellence Cluster "Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases" (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lilli Winter
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Neuromuscular Research Department, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabio Canneva
- Experimental Therapy, University Hospital Erlangen and Preclinical Experimental Center, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, Medical School, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Roland Coras
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin Berwanger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Hofmann
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Britta Eggers
- Medical Proteome Center, Medical Faculty, and Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Protein Diagnostics (PRODI), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Medical Proteome Center, Medical Faculty, and Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Protein Diagnostics (PRODI), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,TUM School of Life Sciences (SoLS), Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Excellence Cluster "Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases" (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Experimental Therapy, University Hospital Erlangen and Preclinical Experimental Center, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rolf Schröder
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Rudenskaya GE, Kadnikova VA, Bessonova LA, Sparber PA, Kurbatov SA, Mironovich OL, Konovalov FA, Ryzhkova OP. [Autosomal dominant spastic paraplegias]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:75-87. [PMID: 34184482 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112105175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the proportion and spectrum of infrequent autosomal dominant spastic paraplegias in a group of families with DNA-confirmed diagnosis and to investigate their molecular and clinical characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten families with 6 AD-SPG: SPG6 (n=1), SPG8 (n=2), SPG9A (n=1), SPG12 (n=1), SPG17 (n=3), SPG31 (n=2) were studied using clinical, genealogical, molecular-genetic (massive parallel sequencing, spastic paraplegia panel, whole-exome sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent amplification, Sanger sequencing) and bioinformatic methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Nine heterozygous mutations were detected in 6 genes, including the common de novo mutation p.Gly106Arg in NIPA1 (SPG6), the earlier reported mutation p.Val626Phe in WASHC5 (SPG8) in isolated case and the novel p.Val695Ala in WASHC5 (SPG8) in a family with 4 patients, the novel mutation p.Thr301Arg in RTN2 (SPG12) in a family with 2 patients, the novel mutation c.105+4A>G in REEP1 (SPG31) in a family with 4 patients and the reported earlier p.Lys101Lys in REEP1 (SPG31) in a family with 3 patients, the known de novo mutation p.Arg252Gln in ALDH18A1 (SPG9A) in two monozygous twins; the common mutation p.Ser90Leu in BSCL2 (SPG17) in a family with 3 patients and in isolated case, reported mutation p.Leu363Pro in a family with 2 patients. SPG6, SPG8, SPG12 and SPG31 presented 'pure' phenotypes, SPG31 had most benign course. Age of onset varied in SPG31 family and was atypically early in SPG6 case. Patients with SPG9A and SPG17 had 'complicated' paraplegias; amyotrophy of hands typical for SPG17 was absent in a child and in an adolescent from 2 families, but may develop later.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Rudenskaya
- Bochkov Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Kadnikova
- Bochkov Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - L A Bessonova
- Bochkov Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - P A Sparber
- Bochkov Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Kurbatov
- Voronezh Regional Clinical Consultative and Diagnostic Center, Vodonezh, Russia
| | - O L Mironovich
- Bochkov Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - F A Konovalov
- Genomed LLC, Laboratory of Clinical Bioinformatics, Moscow, Russia
| | - O P Ryzhkova
- Bochkov Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
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Bu H, Yang Y, Wu Q, Tan Z, Gong X, Hu S, Zhao T. Identification of KIAA0196 as a novel susceptibility gene for myofibril structural disorganization in cardiac development. Int J Cardiol 2020; 314:81-88. [PMID: 32417190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease is one of the most common cardiac malformation-related diseases worldwide. Some causative genes have been identified but can explain only a small proportion of all cases; therefore, the discovery of novel susceptibility genes and/or modifier genes for abnormal cardiac development remains a major challenge. METHODS We used a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) was conducted to screen and quickly identify candidate genes. KIAA0196 knockout zebrafish and mice were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 to detect whether or how KIAA0196 deficiency would influence cardiac development. RESULTS Homozygous, but not heterozygous, zebrafish and mice showed early embryonic lethality. At the embryonic stage, microscopic examination and dissection revealed pericardial edema and ventricle enlargement in homozygous zebrafish and obviously delayed cardiac development in heterozygous mice, while echocardiography and tissue staining showed that significantly decreased cardiac function, ventricle enlargement, myofibril loss, and significantly reduced trabecular muscle density were observed in adult heterozygous zebrafish and mice. Most importantly, immunostaining and electron microscopy showed that there was a significant increase in sarcomere structural disorganization and myofibril structural integrity loss in KIAA0196 mutants. Furthermore, substantial downregulation in other sarcomeric genes and proteins was detected and verified in a mouse model via transcriptome and proteomics analyses; these changes especially affected the myosin heavy or light chain (MYH or MYL) family genes. CONCLUSION We identified KIAA0196 for the first time as a susceptibility gene for abnormal cardiac development. KIAA0196 deficiency may cause abnormal heart development by influencing the structural integrity of myofibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisong Bu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Central South University Center for Clinical Gene Diagnosis and Treatment, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Yifeng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Central South University Center for Clinical Gene Diagnosis and Treatment, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Department of Echocardiography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhiping Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Central South University Center for Clinical Gene Diagnosis and Treatment, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xueyang Gong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Central South University Center for Clinical Gene Diagnosis and Treatment, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Tianli Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Central South University Center for Clinical Gene Diagnosis and Treatment, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Ginanneschi F, D’Amore A, Barghigiani M, Tessa A, Rossi A, Santorelli FM. SPG8 mutations in Italian families: clinical data and literature review. Neurol Sci 2019; 41:699-703. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Bu H, Liu L, Hu S, Tan Z, Zhao T. Targeted next‑generation sequencing for research and diagnostics in congenital heart disease, and cleft lip and/or palate. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3831-3840. [PMID: 30896870 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD), and cleft lip and palate (CLP) are currently the most common types of structural malformation in infants. Various methods have been used to identify the disease‑associated genes. However, targeted next‑generation sequencing (NGS) is not yet considered an option for routine use. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of using targeted NGS in patients with CHD concomitant with CLP. Between November 2015 and May 2017, a total of 17 patients with CHD concomitant with CLP, who were excluded from a diagnosis of trisomy syndrome, were selected at The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (Changsha, China). Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of the patients. The copy number variants (CNVs) were determined by conducting a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array with Illumina HumanOmni1‑Quad Beadchip, while information on other gene mutations was obtained from targeted sequencing. The functions of gene mutations were then predicted using the PolyPhen‑2, SIFT and Mutation Taster tools. Finally, Sanger sequencing was used to verify the mutations. The results identified no pathogenic mutations in CNVs analyzed by high‑throughput SNP sequencing. Targeted NGS results demonstrated that 10 patients (58.8%) carried gene mutations, including 4 (23.5%) genetically diagnosed cases and 6 (35.3%) cases with unknown etiology. The 4 known diseases were Opitz G/BBB syndrome caused by MID1 gene mutation, Loeys‑Dietz syndrome caused by TGFBR1 gene mutation, Ritscher‑Schinzel/3C syndrome caused by KIAA0196 gene mutation and CHARGE syndrome caused by CHD7 gene mutation. The remaining 6 cases were not genetically diagnosed, although they carried candidate genes. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that targeted NGS was an effective and accurate candidate gene detection method in patients with CHD concomitant with CLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisong Bu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Shijun Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Tianli Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Elert-Dobkowska E, Stepniak I, Krysa W, Ziora-Jakutowicz K, Rakowicz M, Sobanska A, Pilch J, Antczak-Marach D, Zaremba J, Sulek A. Next-generation sequencing study reveals the broader variant spectrum of hereditary spastic paraplegia and related phenotypes. Neurogenetics 2019; 20:27-38. [PMID: 30778698 PMCID: PMC6411833 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-019-00565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders. Numerous genes linked to HSPs, overlapping phenotypes between HSP subtypes and other neurodegenerative disorders and the HSPs’ dual mode of inheritance (both dominant and recessive) make the genetic diagnosis of HSPs complex and difficult. Out of the original HSP cohort comprising 306 index cases (familial and isolated) who had been tested according to “traditional workflow/guidelines” by Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) and Sanger sequencing, 30 unrelated patients (all familial cases) with unsolved genetic diagnoses were tested using next-generation sequencing (NGS). One hundred thirty-two genes associated with spastic paraplegias, hereditary ataxias and related movement disorders were analysed using the Illumina TruSight™ One Sequencing Panel. The targeted NGS data showed pathogenic variants, likely pathogenic variants and those of uncertain significance (VUS) in the following genes: SPAST (spastin, SPG4), ATL1 (atlastin 1, SPG3), WASHC5 (SPG8), KIF5A (SPG10), KIF1A (SPG30), SPG11 (spatacsin), CYP27A1, SETX and ITPR1. Out of the nine genes mentioned above, three have not been directly associated with the HSP phenotype to date. Considering the phenotypic overlap and joint cellular pathways of the HSP, spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) genes, our findings provide further evidence that common genetic testing may improve the diagnostics of movement disorders with a spectrum of ataxia-spasticity signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Elert-Dobkowska
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9 Street, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Stepniak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9 Street, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wioletta Krysa
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9 Street, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Ziora-Jakutowicz
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9 Street, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Rakowicz
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sobanska
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Pilch
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dorota Antczak-Marach
- Clinic of Neurology of Children and Adolescents, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Zaremba
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9 Street, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland.,Division Five of Medical Sciences, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Sulek
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Sobieskiego 9 Street, 02-957, Warsaw, Poland.
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Song L, Rijal R, Karow M, Stumpf M, Hahn O, Park L, Insall R, Schröder R, Hofmann A, Clemen CS, Eichinger L. Expression of N471D strumpellin leads to defects in the endolysosomal system. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm033449. [PMID: 30061306 PMCID: PMC6177004 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are genetically diverse and clinically characterised by lower limb weakness and spasticity. The N471D and several other point mutations of human strumpellin (Str; also known as WASHC5), a member of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and SCAR homologue (WASH) complex, have been shown to cause a form of HSP known as spastic paraplegia 8 (SPG8). To investigate the molecular functions of wild-type (WT) and N417D Str, we generated Dictyostelium Str- cells and ectopically expressed StrWT-GFP or StrN471D-GFP in Str- and WT cells. Overexpression of both proteins apparently caused a defect in cell division, as we observed a clear increase in multinucleate cells. Real-time PCR analyses revealed no transcriptional changes in WASH complex subunits in Str- cells, but western blots showed a twofold decrease in the SWIP subunit. GFP-trap experiments in conjunction with mass-spectrometric analysis revealed many previously known, as well as new, Str-interacting proteins, and also proteins that no longer bind to StrN471D At the cellular level, Str- cells displayed defects in cell growth, phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, exocytosis and lysosomal function. Expression of StrWT-GFP in Str- cells rescued all observed defects. In contrast, expression of StrN471D-GFP could not rescue lysosome morphology and exocytosis of indigestible material. Our results underscore a key role for the WASH complex and its core subunit, Str, in the endolysosomal system, and highlight the fundamental importance of the Str N471 residue for maintaining lysosome morphology and dynamics. Our data indicate that the SPG8-causing N471D mutation leads to a partial loss of Str function in the endolysosomal system. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Song
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ramesh Rijal
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 3258, USA
| | - Malte Karow
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Stumpf
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Hahn
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Biological Mechanisms of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Park
- CR-UK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Robert Insall
- CR-UK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Rolf Schröder
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hofmann
- Structural Chemistry Program, Eskitis Institute, Griffith University, N75 Don Young Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Christoph S Clemen
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Endosomal Retrieval of Cargo: Retromer Is Not Alone. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:807-822. [PMID: 30072228 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Endosomes are major protein sorting stations in cells. Endosomally localised multi-protein complexes sort integral proteins, including signaling receptors, nutrient transporters, adhesion molecules, and lysosomal hydrolase receptors, for lysosomal degradation or conversely for retrieval and subsequent recycling to various membrane compartments. Correct endosomal sorting of these proteins is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, with defects in endosomal sorting implicated in various human pathologies including neurodegenerative disorders. Retromer, an ancient multi-protein complex, is essential for the retrieval and recycling of hundreds of transmembrane proteins. While retromer is a major player in endosomal retrieval and recycling, several studies have recently identified retrieval mechanisms that are independent of retromer. Here, we review endosomal retrieval complexes, with a focus on recently discovered retromer-independent mechanisms.
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Duz MB, Dasdemir S, Kalayci Yigin A, Akalin MA, Seven M. Three novel mutations in 20 patients with hereditary spastic paraparesis. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:1551-1557. [PMID: 29907907 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3454-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP) constitutes both genetic and clinically heterogeneous group of upper motor neuron diseases. Half of the individuals with autosomal dominant (AD) HSP have mutations in SPAST, ATL1, and REEP1 genes. This study was conducted to elucidate the genetic etiology of patients with the pure type AD-HSP diagnosis. The patient group consisted of 23 individuals from 6 families in Turkey. In the first step of work, Sanger sequencing (SS) was performed in ATL1, SPAST, and REEP1 genes and the second phase whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed following SS analysis for the patients with no detected mutations in these genes. The results of this study revealed that in ATL1, 6 patients have previously reported c.776C > A mutation and 6 patients have novel c.470 T > C mutation. In SPAST, 3 patients have novel c.1072G > C mutation and 2 patients have novel c.1099-1G > C mutation. WES was performed in three patients, who had no detected mutation in these genes with SS analysis. In this approach, as previously reported c.1859 T > C mutation in KIAA0196 was detected, and it was confirmed with the patient's relatives by SS. In three of patients, no HSP-associated variant could be identified in SS and WES. With this study, the molecular genetic etiology in 20 of 23 (87%) individuals that were included in this study with the utilization of SS and WES was elucidated. Utilization of SS and WES methods have enabled the identification of genetic etiology of HSP further with appropriate genetic counseling that was provided to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Bugrahan Duz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34098, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Dasdemir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34098, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysel Kalayci Yigin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34098, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Akalin
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34098, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Seven
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cerrahpaşa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34098, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Ma L, Shi Y, Chen Z, Li S, Qin W, Zhang J. A novel KIAA0196 mutation in a Chinese patient with spastic paraplegia 8: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10760. [PMID: 29768361 PMCID: PMC5976306 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE We report a case of Spastic paraplegia 8 (SPG8) with a novel mutation of KIAA0196 gene. PATIENTS CONCERNS A 12-year-old boy presented as ankle sprained, lower limb stiffness, abnormal gait since he was 5 years old. DIAGNOSES The next generation sequence showed a novel c.1128delG (p.L376fs) mutation in KIAA0196 gene, the electromyography showed the pyramidal tract conduction dysfunction and deep sensory conduction abnormalities of lower limbs without motor neuron damage. The diagnose was SPG8. INTERVENTIONS Patient was gaven Baclofen treatment (30 mg/day, orally). OUTCOMES At one year follow up, his symptoms didn't improved. LESSONS We describe a novel KIAA0196 c.1128del.G (p.L376fs) mutation in a Chinese patient with SPG8. To our knowledge, it's the first frame delete mutation causing shift mutation of KIAA0196 gene, resulting in the earliest onset of SPG8 in the world. Gene sequencing is a powerful diagnostic tool to identify a causal mutation in genetically heterogeneous HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Ma
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Yingying Shi
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongcan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shujian Li
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Qin
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Bogucki P, Sobczyńska-Tomaszewska A. First patient with hereditary spastic paraplegia type 8 in Poland. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:1468-1470. [PMID: 28878906 PMCID: PMC5582219 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SPG 8 is an autosomal dominant HSP, which phenotype results from KIAA0196 gene mutations. There have been twelve types of KIAA0196 mutations described in HGMD, which are located in conservative region of gene encoding strumpellin. We describe first patient in Poland, simultaneously second in the world with KIAA0196 mutation – p.V620A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Bogucki
- Synapsa Piotr Boguckiul. Barona 22F/543-100 Tychy Poland
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Ichinose Y, Koh K, Fukumoto M, Yamashiro N, Kobayashi F, Miwa M, Nagasaka T, Shindo K, Ishiura H, Tsuji S, Takiyama DY. Exome sequencing reveals a novel missense mutation in the KIAA0196 gene in a Japanese patient with SPG8. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2016; 144:36-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jahic A, Khundadze M, Jaenisch N, Schüle R, Klimpe S, Klebe S, Frahm C, Kassubek J, Stevanin G, Schöls L, Brice A, Hübner CA, Beetz C. The spectrum of KIAA0196 variants, and characterization of a murine knockout: implications for the mutational mechanism in hereditary spastic paraplegia type SPG8. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:147. [PMID: 26572744 PMCID: PMC4647479 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are rare neurodegenerative gait disorders which are genetically highly heterogeneous. For each single form, eventual consideration of therapeutic strategies requires an understanding of the mechanism by which mutations confer pathogenicity. SPG8 is a dominantly inherited HSP, and associated with rather early onset and rapid progression. A total of nine mutations in KIAA0196, which encodes the WASH regulatory complex (SHRC) member strumpellin, have been reported in SPG8 patients so far. Based on biochemical and cell biological approaches, they have been suggested to act via loss of function-mediated haploinsufficiency. Methods We generated a deletion-based knockout allele for E430025E21Rik, i.e. the murine homologue of KIAA0196. The consequences on mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by qPCR and Western-blotting, respectively. Motor performance was evaluated by the foot-base angle paradigm. Axon outgrowth and relevant organelle compartments were investigated in primary neuron cultures and primary fibroblast cultures, respectively. A homemade multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay enabling identification of large inactivating KIAA0196 deletion alleles was applied to DNA from 240 HSP index patients. Results Homozygous but not heterozygous mice showed early embryonic lethality. No transcripts from the knockout allele were detected, and the previously suggested compensation by the wild-type allele upon heterozygosity was disproven. mRNA expression of genes encoding other SHRC members was unaltered, while there was evidence for reduced SHRC abundance at protein level. We did, however, neither observe HSP-related in vivo and ex vivo phenotypes, nor alterations affecting endosomal, lysosomal, or autophagic compartments. KIAA0196 copy number screening excluded large inactivating deletion mutations in HSP patients. The consequences of monoallelic KIAA0196/E430025E21Rik activation thus differ from those observed for dominant HSP genes for which a loss-of-function mechanism is well established. Conclusions Our data do not support the current view that heterozygous loss of strumpellin/SHRC function leads to haploinsufficiency and, in turn, to HSP. The lethality of homozygous knockout mice, i.e. the effect of complete loss of function, also argues against a dominant negative effect of mutant on wild-type strumpellin in patients. Toxic gain-of-function represents a potential alternative explanation. Confirmation of this therapeutically relevant hypothesis in vivo, however, will require availability of appropriate knockin models. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-015-0359-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Jahic
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mukhran Khundadze
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Nadine Jaenisch
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schüle
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.,Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sven Klimpe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Klebe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Frahm
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- INSERM U1127, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR_S1127, CNRS UMR7225, EPHE, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexis Brice
- INSERM U1127, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR_S1127, CNRS UMR7225, EPHE, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | | | - Christian Beetz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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