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Pilotto Heming C, Aran V. The potential of circulating cell-free RNA in CNS tumor diagnosis and monitoring: A liquid biopsy approach. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 204:104504. [PMID: 39251048 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Early detection of malignancies, through regular cancer screening, has already proven to have potential to increase survival rates. Yet current screening methods rely on invasive, expensive tissue sampling that has hampered widespread use. Liquid biopsy is noninvasive and represents a potential approach to precision oncology, based on molecular profiling of body fluids. Among these, circulating cell-free RNA (cfRNA) has gained attention due to its diverse composition and potential as a sensitive biomarker. This review provides an overview of the processes of cfRNA delivery into the bloodstream and the role of cfRNA detection in the diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Different types of cfRNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been recognized as potential biomarkers in CNS tumors. These molecules exhibit differential expression patterns in the plasma, cerebrospinalfluid (CSF) and urine of patients with CNS tumors, providing information for diagnosing the disease, predicting outcomes, and assessing treatment effectiveness. Few clinical trials are currently exploring the use of liquid biopsy for detecting and monitoring CNS tumors. Despite obstacles like sample standardization and data analysis, cfRNA shows promise as a tool in the diagnosis and management of CNS tumors, offering opportunities for early detection, personalized therapy, and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pilotto Heming
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 225, Rio de Janeiro 21941-905, Brazil; Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rua do Rezende 156, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil
| | - Veronica Aran
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco 225, Rio de Janeiro 21941-905, Brazil; Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer (IECPN), Rua do Rezende 156, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, Brazil.
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2
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Mousavikia SN, Darvish L, Bahreyni Toossi MT, Azimian H. Exosomes: Their role in the diagnosis, progression, metastasis, and treatment of glioblastoma. Life Sci 2024; 350:122743. [PMID: 38806071 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are crucial for the growth and spread of glioblastomas, an aggressive form of brain cancer. These tiny vesicles play a crucial role in the activation of signaling pathways and intercellular communication. They can also transfer a variety of biomolecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids from donor to recipient cells. Exosomes can influence the immune response by regulating the activity of immune cells, and they are crucial for the growth and metastasis of glioblastoma cells. In addition, exosomes contribute to drug resistance during treatment, which is a major obstacle in the treatment of glioblastoma. By studying them, the diagnosis and prognosis of glioblastoma can be improved. Due to their high biocompatibility and lack of toxicity, they have become an attractive option for drug delivery. The development of exosomes as carriers of specific therapeutic agents could overcome some of the obstacles to effective treatment of glioblastoma. In this review, we address the potential of exosomes for the treatment of glioblastoma and show how they can be modified for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Mousavikia
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - L Darvish
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - M T Bahreyni Toossi
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Azimian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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3
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Hasani F, Masrour M, Jazi K, Ahmadi P, Hosseini SS, Lu VM, Alborzi A. MicroRNA as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in brain gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1357321. [PMID: 38487328 PMCID: PMC10937740 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1357321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brain neoplasms and central nervous system (CNS) disorders, particularly gliomas, have shown a notable increase in incidence over the last three decades, posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising biomarkers due to their regulatory role in gene expression, offering potential enhancements in glioma diagnosis and prognosis. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, included 25 studies for diagnostic accuracy and 99 for prognostic analysis, published until August 27th, 2023. Studies were identified through comprehensive searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed original research providing sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) for miRNAs in glioma diagnosis, as well as survival outcomes with hazard ratios (HRs) or mean survival. Results and discussion Meta-analysis demonstrated miRNAs' high diagnostic accuracy, with a pooled sensitivity of 0.821 (95% CI: 0.781-0.855) and specificity of 0.831 (95% CI: 0.792-0.865), yielding an AUC of 0.893. Subgroup analysis by specimen type revealed consistent accuracy across blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and tissue samples. Our results also showed miRNAs can be potential prognostic biomarkers. miRNAs showed significant associations with overall survival (OS) (pooled HR: 2.0221; 95% CI: 1.8497-2.2105), progression-free survival (PFS) (pooled HR: 2.4248; 95% CI: 1.8888-3.1128), and disease-free survival (DFS) (pooled HR: 1.8973; 95% CI: 1.1637-3.0933) in tissue specimens. These findings underscore miRNAs' potential as valuable biomarkers for improving glioma diagnosis and prognosis, offering insights for enhancing clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hasani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Masrour
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Jazi
- Clinical Research and Development Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Qom, Qom, Iran
| | - Payam Ahmadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saba sadat Hosseini
- Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Victor M. Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Amirmohammad Alborzi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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4
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Rezaee D, Saadatpour F, Akbari N, Zoghi A, Najafi S, Beyranvand P, Zamani-Rarani F, Rashidi MA, Bagheri-Mohammadi S, Bakhtiari M. The role of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of human central nervous system: A focus on neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102090. [PMID: 37832609 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are suggested to play substantial roles in regulating the development and various physiologic functions of the central nervous system (CNS). These include neurogenesis, cell fate and differentiation, morphogenesis, formation of dendrites, and targeting non-neural mRNAs. Notably, deregulation of an increasing number of miRNAs is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and CNS tumors. They are particularly known to affect the amyloid β (Aβ) cleavage and accumulation, tau protein homeostasis, and expression of alpha-synuclein (α-syn), Parkin, PINK1, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) that play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. These include miR-16, miR-17-5p, miR-20a, miR-106a, miR-106b, miR-15a, miR-15b, miR-103, miR-107, miR-298, miR-328, miR-195, miR-485, and miR-29. In CNS tumors, several miRNAs, including miR-31, miR-16, and miR-21 have been identified to modulate tumorigenesis through impacting tumor invasion and apoptosis. In this review article, we have a look at the recent advances on our knowledge about the role of miRNAs in human brain development and functions, neurodegenerative diseases, and their clinical potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delsuz Rezaee
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saadatpour
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nayyereh Akbari
- Brain Mapping Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Zoghi
- Brain Mapping Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parisa Beyranvand
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Zamani-Rarani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Rashidi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology and Neurophysiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bakhtiari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
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Trivedi R, Bhat KP. Liquid biopsy: creating opportunities in brain space. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1727-1746. [PMID: 37752289 PMCID: PMC10667495 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, liquid biopsy has emerged as an alternative method to diagnose and monitor tumors. Compared to classical tissue biopsy procedures, liquid biopsy facilitates the repetitive collection of diverse cellular and acellular analytes from various biofluids in a non/minimally invasive manner. This strategy is of greater significance for high-grade brain malignancies such as glioblastoma as the quantity and accessibility of tumors are limited, and there are collateral risks of compromised life quality coupled with surgical interventions. Currently, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are the most common biofluids used to collect circulating cells and biomolecules of tumor origin. These liquid biopsy analytes have created opportunities for real-time investigations of distinct genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics alterations associated with brain tumors. This review describes different classes of liquid biopsy biomarkers present in the biofluids of brain tumor patients. Moreover, an overview of the liquid biopsy applications, challenges, recent technological advances, and clinical trials in the brain have also been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Trivedi
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Krishna P Bhat
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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6
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Borba LAB, Passos G, Oliveira I. Liquid biopsy and tumor DNA/RNA detection in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients diagnosed with central nervous system glioma - A review article. Surg Neurol Int 2023; 14:183. [PMID: 37292399 PMCID: PMC10246314 DOI: 10.25259/sni_52_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gliomas are the most common primary malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system and their characteristic genetic heterogeneity implies in a prominent complexity in their management. The definition of the genetic/molecular profile of gliomas is currently essential for the classification of the disease, prognosis, choice of treatment, and it is still dependent on surgical biopsies, which in many cases become unfeasible. Liquid biopsy with detection and analysis of biomarkers such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) from the tumor and circulating in the bloodstream or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to aid in diagnosis, follow-up, and response to treatment of gliomas. Methods Through a systematic search in the PubMed MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases, we reviewed the evidence on the use of liquid biopsy to detect tumor DNA/RNA in the CSF of patients diagnosed with central nervous system gliomas. Results After a systematic review applying all inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as a double review by independent authors, 14 studies specifically addressing the detection of tumor DNA/RNA in the CSF of patients diagnosed with central nervous system glioma were selected in the final analysis. Conclusion Sensitivity and specificity of liquid biopsy in CSF are still very variable depending on factors such as the diagnostic method, collection timing, biomarker (DNA and RNA), tumor type, extension and volume of the tumor, collection method, and contiguity from neoplasm to CSF. Despite the technical limitations that still exist and prevent the routine and validated use of liquid biopsy in CSF, the growing number of studies around the world is increasingly improving this technic, resulting in promising prospects for its use in diagnosis, evolutionary follow-up, and response to the treatment of complex diseases such as central nervous system gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irlon Oliveira
- Corresponding author: Irlon Oliveira, Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitário Evangelico de Curitiba, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
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Qi D, Li J, Quarles CC, Fonkem E, Wu E. Assessment and prediction of glioblastoma therapy response: challenges and opportunities. Brain 2023; 146:1281-1298. [PMID: 36445396 PMCID: PMC10319779 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive type of primary adult brain tumour. The median survival of patients with glioblastoma remains approximately 15 months, and the 5-year survival rate is <10%. Current treatment options are limited, and the standard of care has remained relatively constant since 2011. Over the last decade, a range of different treatment regimens have been investigated with very limited success. Tumour recurrence is almost inevitable with the current treatment strategies, as glioblastoma tumours are highly heterogeneous and invasive. Additionally, another challenging issue facing patients with glioblastoma is how to distinguish between tumour progression and treatment effects, especially when relying on routine diagnostic imaging techniques in the clinic. The specificity of routine imaging for identifying tumour progression early or in a timely manner is poor due to the appearance similarity of post-treatment effects. Here, we concisely describe the current status and challenges in the assessment and early prediction of therapy response and the early detection of tumour progression or recurrence. We also summarize and discuss studies of advanced approaches such as quantitative imaging, liquid biomarker discovery and machine intelligence that hold exceptional potential to aid in the therapy monitoring of this malignancy and early prediction of therapy response, which may decisively transform the conventional detection methods in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX 76502, USA
| | - Jing Li
- School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - C Chad Quarles
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Ekokobe Fonkem
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX 76502, USA
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX 76502, USA
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Oncology and LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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8
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Mustafov D, Karteris E, Braoudaki M. Deciphering the Role of microRNA Mediated Regulation of Coronin 1C in Glioblastoma Development and Metastasis. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:4. [PMID: 36649032 PMCID: PMC9844418 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly heterogenic and malignant brain tumour with a median survival of 15 months. The initial identification of primary glioblastomas is often challenging. Coronin 1C (CORO1C) is a key player in actin rearrangement and cofilin dynamics, as well as enhancing the processes of neurite overgrowth and migration of brain tumour cells. Different bioinformatic databases were accessed to measure CORO1C expression at the mRNA and protein level in normal and malignant brains. CORO1C expression was observed in brain regions which have retained high synaptic plasticity and myelination properties. CORO1C was also expressed mainly within the hippocampus formation, including the Cornu Ammonis (CA) fields: CA1-CA4. Higher expression was also noticed in paediatric GBM in comparison to their adult counterparts. Pediatric cell populations were observed to have an increased log2 expression of CORO1C. Furthermore, 62 miRNAs were found to target the CORO1C gene. Of these, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-512-3p, hsa-miR-136-5p, hsa-miR-206, hsa-miR-128-3p, and hsa-miR-21-5p have shown to act as tumour suppressors or oncomiRs in different neoplasms, including GBM. The elevated expression of CORO1C in high grade metastatic brain malignancies, including GBM, suggests that this protein could have a clinical utility as a biomarker linked to an unfavorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Mustafov
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Emmanouil Karteris
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Maria Braoudaki
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
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Bou Zerdan M, Atoui A, Hijazi A, Basbous L, Abou Zeidane R, Alame SM, Assi HI. Latest updates on cellular and molecular biomarkers of gliomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1030366. [PMID: 36425564 PMCID: PMC9678906 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common central nervous system malignancies, compromising almost 80% of all brain tumors and is associated with significant mortality. The classification of gliomas has shifted from basic histological perspective to one that is based on molecular biomarkers. Treatment of this type of tumors consists currently of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. During the past years, there was a limited development of effective glioma diagnostics and therapeutics due to multiple factors including the presence of blood-brain barrier and the heterogeneity of this type of tumors. Currently, it is necessary to highlight the advantage of molecular diagnosis of gliomas to develop patient targeted therapies based on multiple oncogenic pathway. In this review, we will evaluate the development of cellular and molecular biomarkers for the diagnosis of gliomas and the impact of these diagnostic tools for better tailored and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Bou Zerdan
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Ali Atoui
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Internal Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Hijazi
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Internal Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lynn Basbous
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Internal Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Reine Abou Zeidane
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Internal Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Saada M Alame
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hazem I Assi
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Internal Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Yuan F, Wang Y, Cai X, Du C, Zhu J, Tang C, Yang J, Ma C. N6-methyladenosine-related microRNAs risk model trumps the isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation status as a predictive biomarker for the prognosis and immunotherapy in lower grade gliomas. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:553-569. [PMID: 36226036 PMCID: PMC9549064 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Lower grade gliomas [LGGs; World Health Organization (WHO) grades 2 and 3], owing to the heterogeneity of their clinical behavior, present a therapeutic challenge to neurosurgeons. The aim of this study was to explore the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification landscape in the LGGs and to develop an m6A-related microRNA (miRNA) risk model to provide new perspectives for the treatment and prognostic assessment of LGGs. Methods Messenger RNA (mRNA) and miRNA expression data of LGGs were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. An m6A-related miRNA risk model was constructed via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), univariate, and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Next, Kaplan-Meier analysis, principal-component analysis (PCA), functional enrichment analysis, immune infiltrate analysis, dynamic nomogram, and drug sensitivity prediction were used to evaluate this risk model. Results Firstly, six m6A-related miRNAs with independent prognostic value were selected based on clinical information and used to construct a risk model. Subsequently, compared with low-risk group, LGGs in the high-risk group had a higher m6A writer and reader scores, but a lower eraser score. Moreover, LGGs in the high-risk group had a significantly worse clinical prognosis than those in the low-risk group. Simultaneously, this risk model outperformed other clinicopathological variables in the prognosis prediction of LGGs. Immune infiltrate analysis revealed that the proportion of M2 macrophages, regulatory T (Treg) cells, and the expression levels of exhausted immune response markers were significantly higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. Finally, this study constructed an easy-to-use and free dynamic nomogram to help clinicians use this risk model to aid in diagnosis and prognosis assessment. Conclusions This study developed a m6A-related risk model and uncovered two different m6A modification landscapes in LGGs. Moreover, this risk model may provide guidance and help in clinical prognosis assessment and immunotherapy response prediction for LGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingshuai Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich, 80807 Munich, Germany
| | - Xiangming Cai
- School of Medicine, Southeast university, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaonan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junhao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chiyuan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast university, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Jinling Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Sufianov A, Begliarzade S, Ilyasova T, Liang Y, Beylerli O. MicroRNAs as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in gliomas. Noncoding RNA Res 2022; 7:171-177. [PMID: 35846075 PMCID: PMC9271693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are invasive brain tumors characterized by high rates of recurrence and mortality. Glioblastoma (GBM), a grade IV brain tumor, is known for its heterogenicity and its resistance to the current treatment regimen. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are small non-coding sequences of RNA that regulate and influence the expression of multiple genes. The detection of certain types of micro-RNA in tissues and blood serum can be used for diagnosis and prognosis, including the response of a particular patient to therapy. The purpose of this review is to analyze studies and experimental results concerning changes in microRNA expression profiles characteristic of gliomas. Furthermore, miRNAs also contribute to autophagy at multiple stages. In this review, we summarize the functions of miRNAs in GBM pathways linked to dysregulation of cell cycle control, apoptosis and resistance to treatment, and the possible use of miRNAs in clinical settings as treatment and prediction biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Sufianov
- Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Tyumen, Russia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Sema Begliarzade
- Republican Clinical Perinatal Center, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450106, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ilyasova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia
| | - Yanchao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ozal Beylerli
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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12
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Goenka A, Tiek DM, Song X, Iglesia RP, Lu M, Hu B, Cheng SY. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Glioma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2031. [PMID: 36009578 PMCID: PMC9405925 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, research in cancer biology has been focused on the protein-coding fraction of the human genome. However, with the discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), it has become known that these entities not only function in numerous fundamental life processes such as growth, differentiation, and development, but also play critical roles in a wide spectrum of human diseases, including cancer. Dysregulated ncRNA expression is found to affect cancer initiation, progression, and therapy resistance, through transcriptional, post-transcriptional, or epigenetic processes in the cell. In this review, we focus on the recent development and advances in ncRNA biology that are pertinent to their role in glioma tumorigenesis and therapy response. Gliomas are common, and are the most aggressive type of primary tumors, which account for ~30% of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Of these, glioblastoma (GBM), which are grade IV tumors, are the most lethal brain tumors. Only 5% of GBM patients survive beyond five years upon diagnosis. Hence, a deeper understanding of the cellular non-coding transcriptome might help identify biomarkers and therapeutic agents for a better treatment of glioma. Here, we delve into the functional roles of microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) in glioma tumorigenesis, discuss the function of their extracellular counterparts, and highlight their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Goenka
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Deanna Marie Tiek
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xiao Song
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rebeca Piatniczka Iglesia
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Minghui Lu
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Master of Biotechnology Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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13
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Labib EM, Ezz El Arab LR, Ghanem HM, Hassan RE, Swellam M. Relevance of circulating MiRNA-21 and MiRNA-181 in prediction of glioblastoma multiforme prognosis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:924-929. [PMID: 32316783 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1739716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Authors aimed to investigate the clinical role of miR-21 and miR-181 among glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression for both miRs were detected in blood samples from newly diagnosed twenty GBM patients before and after treatment along with 20 healthy individuals using QPCR technology. RESULTS MiR-21 reported increase expression while miR-181 reported decreased expression in GBM patients. Expression of miR-21 was up-regulated in GBM patients older than 60 years and frontal mass with tumor size > 5 cm while miR-181 expression was down-regulated among them. Worse PFS and OS reported increase in miR-21 expression and decrease in miR-181 expression. CONCLUSION Detection of miR-21 and miR-181 expression levels may be a potential diagnostic and predictors for GBM prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa M Labib
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna R Ezz El Arab
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala M Ghanem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha E Hassan
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Menha Swellam
- Biochemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Division, High Throughput Molecular and Genetic laboratory, Center for Excellences for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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14
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Aalami AH, Abdeahad H, Shoghi A, Mesgari M, Amirabadi A, Sahebkar A. Brain Tumors and Circulating microRNAs: A Systematic Review and Diagnostic Meta-Analysis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 22:201-211. [PMID: 34906021 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2019016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Brain tumors (BT) are among the most prevalent cancers in recent years. Various studies have examined the diagnostic role of microRNAs in different diseases; however, their diagnostic role in BT has not been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, this meta-analysis was performed to assess microRNAs in the blood of patients with BTs accurately. METHODS Twenty-six eligible studies were included for analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), area under curve (AUC), Q*index, summary receiver-operating characteristic (SROC) were assessed using the Meta-Disc V.1.4 and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V.3.3 software. The Egger's test was used to evaluate publication bias in this study. RESULTS The diagnostic accuracy of microRNA was high in identifying BT based on the pooled sensitivity 0.82 (95% CI: 0.816 - 0.84), specificity 0.82 (95% CI: 0.817 - 0.84), PLR 5.101 (95% CI: 3.99 - 6.51), NLR 0.187 (95% CI: 0.149 - 0.236), DOR 34.07 (95% CI: 22.56 - 51.43) as well as AUC (0.92), and Q*-index (0.86). Subgroup analyses was also performed for sample types (serum/plasma), reference genes (RNU6, miR-39, and miR-24), and region to determine the diagnostic power of microRNAs in the diagnosis of BT using pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, AUC, and DOR. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis proved that circulating microRNAs were the potential markers for BT and could potentially be used as non-invasive early detection biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Aalami
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Abdeahad
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ali Shoghi
- Neurosurgery Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mesgari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Amir Amirabadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.,Solid Tumors Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Gatto L, Franceschi E, Di Nunno V, Tosoni A, Lodi R, Brandes AA. Liquid Biopsy in Glioblastoma Management: From Current Research to Future Perspectives. Oncologist 2021; 26:865-878. [PMID: 34105205 PMCID: PMC8488799 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system. Arising from neuroepithelial glial cells, GBM is characterized by invasive behavior, extensive angiogenesis, and genetic heterogeneity that contributes to poor prognosis and treatment failure. Currently, there are several molecular biomarkers available to aid in diagnosis, prognosis, and predicting treatment outcomes; however, all require the biopsy of tumor tissue. Nevertheless, a tissue sample from a single location has its own limitations, including the risk related to the procedure and the difficulty of obtaining longitudinal samples to monitor treatment response and to fully capture the intratumoral heterogeneity of GBM. To date, there are no biomarkers in blood or cerebrospinal fluid for detection, follow-up, or prognostication of GBM. Liquid biopsy offers an attractive and minimally invasive solution to support different stages of GBM management, assess the molecular biology of the tumor, identify early recurrence and longitudinal genomic evolution, predict both prognosis and potential resistance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and allow patient selection for targeted therapies. The aim of this review is to describe the current knowledge regarding the application of liquid biopsy in glioblastoma, highlighting both benefits and obstacles to translation into clinical care. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: To translate liquid biopsy into clinical practice, further prospective studies are required with larger cohorts to increase specificity and sensitivity. With the ever-growing interest in RNA nanotechnology, microRNAs may have a therapeutic role in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Gatto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL) of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Enrico Franceschi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL) of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Vincenzo Di Nunno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL) of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Alicia Tosoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL) of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Raffaele Lodi
- Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)BolognaItaly
| | - Alba Ariela Brandes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL) of BolognaBolognaItaly
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16
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Géczi D, Nagy B, Szilágyi M, Penyige A, Klekner Á, Jenei A, Virga J, Birkó Z. Analysis of Circulating miRNA Profile in Plasma Samples of Glioblastoma Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105058. [PMID: 34064637 PMCID: PMC8151942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is among the most aggressive cancers with a poor prognosis. Treatment options are limited, clinicians lack efficient prognostic and predictive markers. Circulating miRNAs—besides being important regulators of cancer development—may have potential as diagnostic biomarkers of GBM. (2) Methods: In this study, profiling of 798 human miRNAs was performed on blood plasma samples from 6 healthy individuals and 6 patients with GBM, using a NanoString nCounter Analysis System. To validate our results, five miRNAs (hsa-miR-433-3p, hsa-miR-362-3p, hsa-miR-195-5p, hsa-miR-133a-3p, and hsa-miR-29a-3p) were randomly chosen for RT-qPCR detection. (3) Results: In all, 53 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in plasma samples of GBM patients when data were filtered for FC 1 and FDR 0.1. Target genes of the top 39 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, and we carried out functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis of target genes via GO and KEGG-based tools. General and cortex-specific protein–protein interaction networks were constructed from the target genes of top miRNAs to assess their functional connections. (4) Conclusions: We demonstrated that plasma microRNA profiles are promising diagnostic and prognostic molecular biomarkers that may find an actual application in the clinical practice of GBM, although more studies are needed to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Géczi
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.G.); (B.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.G.); (B.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Melinda Szilágyi
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.G.); (B.N.); (M.S.)
| | - András Penyige
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Álmos Klekner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Adrienn Jenei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (Á.K.); (A.J.)
| | - József Virga
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zsuzsanna Birkó
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
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17
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Bunda S, Zuccato JA, Voisin MR, Wang JZ, Nassiri F, Patil V, Mansouri S, Zadeh G. Liquid Biomarkers for Improved Diagnosis and Classification of CNS Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4548. [PMID: 33925295 PMCID: PMC8123653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, as a non-invasive technique for cancer diagnosis, has emerged as a major step forward in conquering tumors. Current practice in diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) tumors involves invasive acquisition of tumor biopsy upon detection of tumor on neuroimaging. Liquid biopsy enables non-invasive, rapid, precise and, in particular, real-time cancer detection, prognosis and treatment monitoring, especially for CNS tumors. This approach can also uncover the heterogeneity of these tumors and will likely replace tissue biopsy in the future. Key components of liquid biopsy mainly include circulating tumor cells (CTC), circulating tumor nucleic acids (ctDNA, miRNA) and exosomes and samples can be obtained from the cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and serum of patients with CNS malignancies. This review covers current progress in application of liquid biopsies for diagnosis and monitoring of CNS malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severa Bunda
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 4-305 Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (S.B.); (J.A.Z.); (M.R.V.); (J.Z.W.); (F.N.); (V.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Jeffrey A. Zuccato
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 4-305 Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (S.B.); (J.A.Z.); (M.R.V.); (J.Z.W.); (F.N.); (V.P.); (S.M.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Mathew R. Voisin
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 4-305 Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (S.B.); (J.A.Z.); (M.R.V.); (J.Z.W.); (F.N.); (V.P.); (S.M.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Justin Z. Wang
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 4-305 Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (S.B.); (J.A.Z.); (M.R.V.); (J.Z.W.); (F.N.); (V.P.); (S.M.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Farshad Nassiri
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 4-305 Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (S.B.); (J.A.Z.); (M.R.V.); (J.Z.W.); (F.N.); (V.P.); (S.M.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Vikas Patil
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 4-305 Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (S.B.); (J.A.Z.); (M.R.V.); (J.Z.W.); (F.N.); (V.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Sheila Mansouri
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 4-305 Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (S.B.); (J.A.Z.); (M.R.V.); (J.Z.W.); (F.N.); (V.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- MacFeeters-Hamilton Center for Neuro-Oncology Research, 4-305 Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (S.B.); (J.A.Z.); (M.R.V.); (J.Z.W.); (F.N.); (V.P.); (S.M.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
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18
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He J, Jiang Y, Liu L, Zuo Z, Zeng C. Circulating MicroRNAs as Promising Diagnostic Biomarkers for Patients With Glioma: A Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2021; 11:610163. [PMID: 33597912 PMCID: PMC7882507 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.610163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds and Purpose: Currently, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are considered to be non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers in a broad range of tumors. Nevertheless, so far, miRNAs have not been fully applied to the clinic for routine screening in glioma patients. Thus, our goal is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of circulating miRNAs for gliomas via a meta-analysis. The present study is registered on the PROSPERO website, with the number CRD42020195883. Methods: Literature retrieval was implemented in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases using the established search strategy. We pooled the sensitivity, specificity, and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the included studies using the Stata 14.0 software. In addition, the heterogeneity between studies was assessed via the Q statistics and I 2 values calculated by a Chi-square test. A bivariate random effects model was selected due to significant heterogeneity. Specifically, for exploring the factors influencing the heterogeneity, we implemented subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Ultimately, a Deek's funnel plot asymmetry test was used to estimate the potential publication bias. Results: A total of 18 articles covering 24 studies were included, containing 2,170 glioma patients and 1,456 healthy participants. The overall pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) were 0.84 (95%CI: 0.79-0.87), 0.84 (95%CI: 0.80-0.88), 5.3 (95%CI: 4.1-6.8), 0.19 (95%CI: 0.15-0.25), 27 (95%CI: 18-41), and 0.91 (95%CI: 0.88-0.93), respectively. Additionally, the findings revealed that serum miRNAs and miRNA panels presented superior diagnostic performance. Conclusion: Thus, circulating miRNAs have the potential to serve as diagnostic biomarkers for gliomas, but need to be verified via a large pool of prospective studies. Additionally, specific miRNAs still need to be elucidated in the diagnosis of a glioma, especially in the early screening stage. The findings may provide diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the glioma population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Zuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chun Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
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19
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Zhao X, Xiao Z, Li B, Li H, Yang B, Li T, Mei Z. miRNA-21 may serve as a promising noninvasive marker of glioma with a high diagnostic performance: a pooled analysis of 997 patients. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:1758835920987650. [PMID: 33613699 PMCID: PMC7871292 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920987650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although various serum and tissue biomarkers have been investigated for
glioma diagnosis, no gold standard has been identified. miRNA-21 was
demonstrated to be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of various brain
tumors, whereas there remains uncertainty concerning whether miRNA-21 could
be used as a good clinical diagnostic biomarker for glioma. The current
meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of miRNA-21 as a
potent biomarker in adults with suspected glioma. Methods: The Pubmed and Embase databases were searched systematically from inception
to January 2020 to identify relevant research reports. Pooled sensitivity,
specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio
(NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated. Summary receiver
operating characteristic (SROC) curves were used to evaluate the overall
diagnostic performance. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted
to determine the source of heterogeneity and test the robustness of the
results. Results: From 5394 citations with 997 subjects that met the inclusion criteria, 11
studies were selected. Summary estimates of the diagnostic performance of
miRNA-21 were as follows: sensitivity, 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI):
0.73–0.89]; specificity, 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85–0.96); PLR, 10.20 (95% CI:
5.10–20.30); NLR, 0.19 (95% CI: 0.12–0.31); and DOR, 54 (95% CI: 19–155).
The area under the SROC curve was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92–0.96). Deeks’s funnel
plot revealed no evidence of publication bias (p = 0.59).
Meta-regression analysis suggested that study publication year could
attribute to the heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis found miRNA-21 had a
constant high diagnostic accuracy across different ethnicity, glioma grade,
sample source, and study region. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that miRNA-21 has high diagnostic performance
and could serve as a promising noninvasive diagnostic marker for glioma.
Further large prospective studies are needed to validate its diagnostic
value and its prognostic significance and therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhihong Xiao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zubing Mei
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anorectal Disease Institute of Shuguang Hospital, 528 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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20
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Sharma G, Jain SK, Sinha VD. Peripheral Inflammatory Blood Markers in Diagnosis of Glioma and IDH Status. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2021; 12:88-94. [PMID: 33551616 PMCID: PMC7857957 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Gliomas are the most common intracranial tumors. Histopathology and neuroimaging are the main modalities used for diagnosis and treatment response monitoring. However, both are expensive and insensitive methods and can cause neurological deterioration. This study aimed to develop a minimally invasive peripheral inflammatory biomarker for diagnosis of glioma, its grade, and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status. Materials and Methods Patients undergoing surgery for glioma, acoustic neuroma, and meningioma between January 2019 and December 2019 were included. Preoperative neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR (dNLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), eosinophil/lymphocyte ratio (ELR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were calculated. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were done postoperatively. Results A total of 154 patients of glioma, 36 patients of acoustic neuroma, 58 patients of meningioma, and 107 healthy controls were included. dNLR showed the maximum area under the curve (AUC) (0.656639) for diagnosis of glioma from other tumors and among combinations. dNLR +NLR showed the maximum AUC (0.647865). Maximum AUC for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) versus other grades and among combinations was shown by NLR (0.83926). NLR + dNLR had the maximum AUC (0.764794). NLR showed significant p value in differentiating IDH wild from IDH mutant GBM. Conclusion dNLR has the maximum diagnostic value in diagnosing glioma from other tumors. NLR (AUC = 0.83926) showed the highest accuracy for GBM diagnosis and may be a parameter in predicting the grade of glioma; also, it has maximum diagnostic value in differentiating IDH wild GBM from IDH mutant GBM. These peripheral inflammatory parameters may prove to be sensitive and cost-effective markers for glioma diagnosis, predicting grade of glioma, monitoring of treatment response, and in predicting recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sawai Man Singh Medical College Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Shashi Kant Jain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sawai Man Singh Medical College Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Virendra Deo Sinha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sawai Man Singh Medical College Jaipur, Jaipur, India
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21
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Birkó Z, Nagy B, Klekner Á, Virga J. Novel Molecular Markers in Glioblastoma-Benefits of Liquid Biopsy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207522. [PMID: 33053907 PMCID: PMC7589793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a primary Central Nervous System (CNS) malignancy with poor survival. Treatment options are scarce and despite the extremely heterogeneous nature of the disease, clinicians lack prognostic and predictive markers to characterize patients with different outcomes. Certain immunohistochemistry, FISH, or PCR-based molecular markers, including isocitrate dehydrogenase1/2 (IDH1/2) mutations, epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) mutation, vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression (VEGF) overexpression, or (O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter) MGMT promoter methylation status, are well-described; however, their clinical usefulness and accuracy is limited, and tumor tissue samples are always necessary. Liquid biopsy is a developing field of diagnostics and patient follow up in multiple types of cancer. Fragments of circulating nucleic acids are collected in various forms from different bodily fluids, including serum, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid in order to measure the quality and quantity of these markers. Multiple types of nucleic acids can be analyzed using liquid biopsy. Circulating cell-free DNA, mitochondrial DNA, or the more stable long and small non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, or microRNAs can be identified and measured by novel PCR and next-generation sequencing-based methods. These markers can be used to detect the previously described alterations in a minimally invasive method. These markers can be used to differentiate patients with poor or better prognosis, or to identify patients who do not respond to therapy. Liquid biopsy can be used to detect recurrent disease, often earlier than using imaging modalities. Liquid biopsy is a rapidly developing field, and similarly to other types of cancer, measuring circulating tumor-derived nucleic acids from biological fluid samples could be the future of differential diagnostics, patient stratification, and follow up in the future in glioblastoma as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Birkó
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Álmos Klekner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - József Virga
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
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22
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Kan LK, Drummond K, Hunn M, Williams D, O'Brien TJ, Monif M. Potential biomarkers and challenges in glioma diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. BMJ Neurol Open 2020; 2:e000069. [PMID: 33681797 PMCID: PMC7871709 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2020-000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common central nervous system malignancies and present with significant morbidity and mortality. Treatment modalities are currently limited to surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Increases in survival rate over the previous decades are negligible, further pinpointing an unmet clinical need in this field. There is a continual struggle with the development of effective glioma diagnostics and therapeutics, largely due to a multitude of factors, including the presence of the blood–brain barrier and significant intertumoural and intratumoural heterogeneity. Importantly, there is a lack of reliable biomarkers for glioma, particularly in aiding tumour subtyping and measuring response to therapy. There is a need for biomarkers that would both overcome the complexity of the disease and allow for a minimally invasive means of detection and analysis. This is a comprehensive review evaluating the potential of current cellular, proteomic and molecular biomarker candidates for glioma. Significant hurdles faced in glioma diagnostics and therapy are also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyen Katrina Kan
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Drummond
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Hunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Williams
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Valtorta S, Salvatore D, Rainone P, Belloli S, Bertoli G, Moresco RM. Molecular and Cellular Complexity of Glioma. Focus on Tumour Microenvironment and the Use of Molecular and Imaging Biomarkers to Overcome Treatment Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5631. [PMID: 32781585 PMCID: PMC7460665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the importance and the complexity of tumour biology and microenvironment in the progression and therapy resistance of glioma. Specific gene mutations, the possible functions of several non-coding microRNAs and the intra-tumour and inter-tumour heterogeneity of cell types contribute to limit the efficacy of the actual therapeutic options. In this scenario, identification of molecular biomarkers of response and the use of multimodal in vivo imaging and in particular the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) based molecular approach, can help identifying glioma features and the modifications occurring during therapy at a regional level. Indeed, a better understanding of tumor heterogeneity and the development of diagnostic procedures can favor the identification of a cluster of patients for personalized medicine in order to improve the survival and their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Valtorta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.V.); (D.S.); (P.R.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Daniela Salvatore
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.V.); (D.S.); (P.R.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paolo Rainone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.V.); (D.S.); (P.R.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sara Belloli
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Gloria Bertoli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.V.); (D.S.); (P.R.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy
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Li J, Wang C, Yao Y, Zhu Y, Yan C, Zhuge Q, Qu L, Han C. Label-free discrimination of glioma brain tumors in different stages by surface enhanced Raman scattering. Talanta 2020; 216:120983. [PMID: 32456910 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
According to the WHO classification criteria, the most common intracranial tumor gliomas can be divided into four grades based on their symptoms. Among them, Grade Ⅰ and Grade II are low-grade gliomas, and Grade III and Grade IV are high-grade gliomas. Because gliomas have a high lethal rate, they have received widespread attention in the medical field. Based on these circumstances, a rapid and facile surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method using silver nano particle-decorated silver nanorod (AgNPs@AgNR) as substrates were developed for the discrimination of gliomas. Compared with SERS-active silver nanoparticles and silver nanorod substrates, the prepared AgNPs@AgNR substrates showed an outstanding SERS performance with an enhancement factor up to 1.37 × 109. Combined AgNPs@AgNR substrate with principal component analysis (PCA), we achieved rapid discrimination of healthy brain tissue and gliomas at different grades. The spectra obtained from the tissue illustrate prominently spectral differences which can be applied to identify whether it came from a healthy region or from a glioma. The most prominently difference between the SERS spectrum of healthy brain tissue and that of gliomas at different grades is the reduction in quotient of two characteristic peaks at 653 and 724 cm-1. Furthermore, healthy brain tissue and Grade II gliomas as low grade gliomas as well as Grade III and Grade IV as high-grade gliomas can be clearly distinguished by three-dimensional PCA. Preliminary results indicate that the SERS spectra based on AgNPs@AgNR substrates can be applied for a rapid identification owing to its simple preparation of specimen and high-speed spectral acquirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengde Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yue Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yali Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changchun Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Lulu Qu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Caiqin Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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25
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Quirico L, Orso F. The power of microRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in liquid biopsies. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:117-139. [PMID: 35582611 PMCID: PMC9090592 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, progresses in medical oncology have ameliorated the treatment of patients and their outcome. However, further improvements are still necessary, in particular for certain types of tumors such as pancreatic, gastric, and lung cancer as well as acute myeloid leukemia where early detection and monitoring of the disease are crucial for final patient outcome. Liquid biopsy represents a great advance in the field because it is less invasive, less time-consuming, and safer compared to classical biopsies and it can be useful to monitor the evolution of the disease as well as the response of patients to therapy. Liquid biopsy allows the detection of circulating tumor cells, nucleic acids, and exosomes not only in blood but also in different biological fluids: urine, saliva, pleural effusions, cerebrospinal fluid, and stool. Among the potential biomarkers detectable in liquid biopsies, microRNAs (miRNAs) are gaining more and more attention, since they are easily detectable, quite stable in biological fluids, and show high sensitivity. Many data demonstrate that miRNAs alone or in combination with other biomarkers could improve the diagnostic and prognostic power for many different tumors. Despite this, standardization of methods, sample preparation, and analysis remain challenging and a huge effort should be made to address these issues before miRNA biomarkers can enter the clinic. This review summarizes the main findings in the field of circulating miRNAs in both solid and hematological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Quirico
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Francesca Orso
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
- Center for Complex Systems in Molecular Biology and Medicine, University of Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
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26
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Inhibiting the expression of anti-apoptotic genes BCL2L1 and MCL1, and apoptosis induction in glioblastoma cells by microRNA-342. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 121:109641. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Petrescu GED, Sabo AA, Torsin LI, Calin GA, Dragomir MP. MicroRNA based theranostics for brain cancer: basic principles. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:231. [PMID: 31142339 PMCID: PMC6542029 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the complexity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), brain tumors, especially the most common and aggressive primary malignant tumor type arising from the central nervous system (CNS), glioblastoma, remain an essential challenge regarding diagnostic and treatment. There are no approved circulating diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, nor novel therapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors for glioblastoma, and chemotherapy brings only minimal survival benefits. The development of molecular biology led to the discovery of new potential diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets, offering the premise to detect patients at earlier stages and overcome the current poor prognosis. MAIN BODY One potential diagnostic and therapeutic breakthrough might come from microRNAs (miRNAs). It is well-known that miRNAs play a role in the initiation and development of various types of cancer, including glioblastoma. The review aims to answer the following questions concerning the role of RNA theranostics for brain tumors: (1) which miRNAs are the best candidates to become early diagnostic and prognostic circulating biomarkers?; (2) how to deliver the therapeutic agents in the CNS to overcome the BBB?; (3) which are the best methods to restore/inhibit miRNAs? CONCLUSIONS Because of the proven roles played by miRNAs in gliomagenesis and of their capacity to pass from the CNS tissue into the blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we propose miRNAs as ideal diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Moreover, recent advances in direct miRNA restoration (miRNA mimics) and miRNA inhibition therapy (antisense oligonucleotides, antagomirs, locked nucleic acid anti-miRNA, small molecule miRNA inhibitors) make miRNAs perfect candidates for entering clinical trials for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E. D. Petrescu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Bagdasar-Arseni Clinical Emergency Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru A. Sabo
- Marie Curie Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ligia I. Torsin
- Elias Clinical Emergency Hospital, Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Mihnea P. Dragomir
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
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28
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Loo HK, Mathen P, Lee J, Camphausen K. Circulating biomarkers for high-grade glioma. Biomark Med 2019; 13:161-165. [PMID: 30806515 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Loo
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10 B3B55, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter Mathen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10 B3B55, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer Lee
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10 B3B55, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10 B3B55, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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29
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Zheng SH, Huang JL, Chen M, Wang BL, Ou QS, Huang SY. Diagnostic value of preoperative inflammatory markers in patients with glioma: a multicenter cohort study. J Neurosurg 2018; 129:583-592. [DOI: 10.3171/2017.3.jns161648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEGlioma is the most common form of brain tumor and has high lethality. The authors of this study aimed to elucidate the efficiency of preoperative inflammatory markers, including neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR (dNLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and their paired combinations as tools for the preoperative diagnosis of glioma, with particular interest in its most aggressive form, glioblastoma (GBM).METHODSThe medical records of patients newly diagnosed with glioma, acoustic neuroma, meningioma, or nonlesional epilepsy at 3 hospitals between January 2011 and February 2016 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The values of NLR, dNLR, PLR, LMR, and PNI were compared among patients suffering from glioma, acoustic neuroma, meningioma, and nonlesional epilepsy and healthy controls by using nonparametric tests. Correlations between NLR, dNLR, PLR, LMR, PNI, and tumor grade were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic significance of NLR, dNLR, PLR, LMR, PNI, and their paired combinations for glioma, particularly GBM.RESULTSA total of 750 patients with glioma (Grade I, 81 patients; Grade II, 208 patients; Grade III, 169 patients; Grade IV [GBM], 292 patients), 44 with acoustic neuroma, 271 with meningioma, 102 with nonlesional epilepsy, and 682 healthy controls were included in this study. Compared with healthy controls and patients with acoustic neuroma, meningioma, or nonlesional epilepsy, the patients with glioma had higher values of preoperative NLR and dNLR as well as lower values of LMR and PNI, whereas PLR was higher in glioma patients than in healthy controls and patients with nonlesional epilepsy. Subgroup analysis revealed a positive correlation between NLR, dNLR, PLR, and tumor grade but a negative correlation between LMR, PNI, and tumor grade in glioma. For glioma diagnosis, the area under the curve (AUC) obtained from the ROC curve was 0.722 (0.697–0.747) for NLR, 0.696 (0.670–0.722) for dNLR, 0.576 (0.549–0.604) for PLR, 0.760 (0.738–0.783) for LMR, and 0.672 (0.646–0.698) for PNI. The best diagnostic performance was obtained with the combination of NLR+LMR and dNLR+LMR, with AUCs of 0.777 and 0.778, respectively. Additionally, NLR (AUC 0.860, 95% CI 0.832–0.887), dNLR (0.840, 0.810–0.869), PLR (0.678, 0.641–0.715), LMR (0.837, 0.811–0.863), and PNI (0.740, 0.706–0.773) had significant predictive value for GBM compared with healthy controls and other disease groups. As compared with the Grade I–III glioma patients, the GBM patients had an AUC of 0.811 (95% CI 0.778–0.844) for NLR, 0.797 (0.763–0.832) for dNLR, 0.662 (0.622–0.702) for PLR, 0.743 (0.707–0.779) for LMR, and 0.661(0.622–0.701) for PNI. For the paired combinations, NLR+LMR demonstrated the highest accuracy.CONCLUSIONSThe NLR+LMR combination was revealed as a noninvasive biomarker with relatively high sensitivity and specificity for glioma diagnosis, the differential diagnosis of glioma from acoustic neuroma and meningioma, GBM diagnosis, and the differential diagnosis of GBM from low-grade glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-hao Zheng
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital
| | - Jin-lan Huang
- 2Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian
- 4Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Chen
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai; and
| | - Bing-long Wang
- 2Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian
| | - Qi-shui Ou
- 2Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian
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Zhou Q, Liu J, Quan J, Liu W, Tan H, Li W. MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of glioma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2651-2659. [PMID: 29949235 PMCID: PMC6125451 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common central nervous system tumor and associated with poor prognosis. Identifying effective diagnostic biomarkers for glioma is particularly important in order to guide optimizing treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have drawn much attention because of their diagnostic value in diverse cancers, including glioma. We summarized studies to identify the potential diagnostic values of miRNAs in glioma patients. We included articles reporting miRNAs for differentiation of glioma patients from controls. We calculated sensitivities, specificities, and area under the curves (AUC) of individual miRNA and miRNA panels. We found that overall sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of miRNAs in diagnosis of glioma were 85% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81-0.89), 90% (95% CI 0.85-0.93), and 93% (95% CI 0.91-0.95), respectively. Meta-regression analysis showed that the detection of miRNAs expression in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue largely improved the diagnostic accuracy. Likewise, panels of multiple miRNAs could enhance the pooled sensitivity. Moreover, AUC of miR-21 was 0.88, with 86% sensitivity and 94% specificity. This study demonstrated that miRNAs could function as potential diagnosis markers in glioma. Detection of miRNAs in CSF and brain tissue displays high accuracy in the diagnosis of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Quan
- Department of Clinical Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenlan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen University 1st Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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31
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Zhang L, Dong B, Ren P, Ye H, Shi J, Qin J, Wang K, Wang P, Zhang J. Circulating plasma microRNAs in the detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3303-3318. [PMID: 30127929 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) have been reported as diagnostic biomarkers for esophageal cancer (EC) diagnosis. However, contrasting results have been achieved in different studies. In the present study, a meta-analysis was performed, based on the systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science, to evaluate the diagnostic value of circulating miRNAs in the peripheral blood in EC. The top 5 most-studied miRNAs were selected for confirmation by reverse transcription quantitative-polymerase chain reaction using the blood plasma of 125 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and 125 healthy individuals from Henan, China. A total of 45 studies from 22 articles, regarding 33 miRNAs were considered in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were both 0.79 (95% confidence interval, 0.76-0.82 for both). Among the 5 miRNAs considered (miR-21, miR-223, miR-375, miR-25 and miR-100), miR-21 and miR-223 were significantly overexpressed whereas miR-375 expression was reduced in patients with ESCC compared with healthy individuals (all P<0.001). The areas under the curves (AUCs) were 0.80, 0.73, and 0.69 for miR-21, miR-223, and miR-375, respectively. The AUCs increased when discriminating between patients with early ESCC in stage 0-I and the non-invasive carcinoma stage Tis-T1 stage from controls. Thus, it was concluded that plasma miR-21, miR-223 and miR-375 may serve as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers in patients with ESCC, especially early ESCC in stages 0-I and Tis-T1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Bing Dong
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Ren
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Hua Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Jianxiang Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Jiejie Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Kaijuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P.R. China.,Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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32
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Wang W, Li DB, Li RY, Zhou X, Yu DJ, Lan XY, Li JP, Liu JL. Diagnosis of Hyperacute and Acute Ischaemic Stroke: The Potential Utility of Exosomal MicroRNA-21-5p and MicroRNA-30a-5p. Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 45:204-212. [PMID: 29627835 DOI: 10.1159/000488365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early and accurate diagnosis of ischaemic stroke (IS) requires the use of an optimized biomarker. Exosomal microRNAs have the potential to serve as biomarkers owing to their stability and specificity. We investigated the expression levels of plasma-derived exosomal microRNA-21-5p and microRNA-30a-5p in the different phases of IS. METHODS One hundred forty-three patients with IS and 24 non-stroke controls were enrolled. The patients were divided into the following 5 groups: 1 group for the hyperacute phase IS (HIS, within 6 h); two for the acute phase IS (AIS, including days 1-3 and days 4-7); one for the subacute phase IS (SIS, days 8-14); and one for the recovery phase IS (RIS, days >14). Plasma exosomes were isolated using a QIAGEN exoRNeasy kit and examined by transmission electron -microscopy, nanoparticle tracking, and flow cytometry. The expression levels of miRNA-21-5p and miRNA-30a-5p were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The plasma exosomal miR-21-5p levels in SIS and RIS were significantly higher than that in controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively). The levels of miR-30a-5p in HIS were significantly higher (p < 0.05) and in AIS (days 1-3) were lower than that in controls (p < 0.05). In AIS (days 1-3), both miRNAs were decreased compared with the HIS group (p = 0.053 and 0.001, respectively). The area under the curve (AUC) of the miR-21-5p was 0.714 for SIS (95% CI 0.570-0.859, p = 0.007), 0.734 for RIS (95% CI 0.596-0.871, p = 0.003); the AUC of the miR-30a-5p was 0.826 for HIS (95% CI 0.665-0.988, p = 0.001), 0.438 for AIS (days 1-3; 95% CI 0.240-0.635, p = 0.516). CONCLUSIONS The plasma-derived exosomal miR-21-5p and miRNA-30a-5p in combination are promising biomarkers for diagnosing IS and distinguishing among HIS, SIS, and RIS, especially miRNA-30a-5p for the diagnosis of the HIS phase. Our results provide a new reference for clinicians to apply in early-stage diagnosis and identifies the possible value of biomarkers for IS thrombolysis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dong-Bin Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ru-Ying Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dong-Ju Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Lan
- Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-Pin Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing-Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Zhou Q, Zuo MZ, He Z, Li HR, Li W. Identification of circulating microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for ovarian cancer:A pooled analysis of individual studies. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 33:1724600818766500. [PMID: 29683066 DOI: 10.1177/1724600818766500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are proposed as promising non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for many cancers. However, the diagnostic value of circulating miRNAs in ovarian cancer is inconsistent in different studies. Thus we performed this meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the diagnostic value of circulating miRNAs in ovarian cancer. METHODS Eligible studies that were published prior to 30 June 2017 were searched from the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. All analyses were performed using STATA 12.0 software. A bivariate regression was used to calculate pooled diagnostic accuracy estimates. RESULTS A total of 36 studies from 16 publications were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of circulating miRNAs for ovarian cancer diagnosis were 0.76 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.69, 0.81), 0.81 (95% CI 0.74, 0.87), 4.00 (95% CI 2.70, 5.30), 0.30(95% CI 0.24, 0.37) and 13.00 (95% CI 9.00, 19.00), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.85 (95% CI 0.82, 0.88). Subgroup analyses showed that multiple miRNA assays yielded better diagnostic characteristics than a single miRNA assay, and plasma miRNAs were better than serum miRNAs for ovarian cancer detection. CONCLUSION Circulating miRNAs, especially the combination of multiple circulating miRNAs, are promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. However, further large-scale prospective studies are necessary to validate the applicability of the miRNAs in the early detection of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the People's Hospital of Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Man-Zhen Zuo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the People's Hospital of Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Ze He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the People's Hospital of Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Hai-Rong Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the People's Hospital of Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the People's Hospital of Three Gorges University/The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
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Chen W, Yu Q, Chen B, Lu X, Li Q. The prognostic value of a seven-microRNA classifier as a novel biomarker for the prediction and detection of recurrence in glioma patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53392-53413. [PMID: 27438144 PMCID: PMC5288195 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is often diagnosed at a later stage, and the high risk of recurrence remains a major challenge. We hypothesized that the microRNA expression profile may serve as a biomarker for the prognosis and prediction of glioblastoma recurrence. We defined microRNAs that were associated with good and poor prognosis in 300 specimens of glioblastoma from the Cancer Genome Atlas. By analyzing microarray gene expression data and clinical information from three random groups, we identified 7 microRNAs that have prognostic and prognostic accuracy: microRNA-124a, microRNA-129, microRNA-139, microRNA-15b, microRNA-21, microRNA-218 and microRNA-7. The differential expression of these miRNAs was verified using an independent set of glioma samples from the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University. We used the log-rank test and the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate correlations between the miRNA signature and disease-free survival/overall survival. Using the LASSO model, we observed a uniform significant difference in disease-free survival and overall survival between patients with high-risk and low-risk miRNA signature scores. Furthermore, the prognostic capability of the seven-miRNA signature was demonstrated by receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. A Circos plot was generated to examine the network of genes and pathways predicted to be targeted by the seven-miRNA signature. The seven-miRNA-based classifier should be useful in the stratification and individualized management of patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanghao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiaoyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
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Noninvasive Glioblastoma Testing: Multimodal Approach to Monitoring and Predicting Treatment Response. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:2908609. [PMID: 29581794 PMCID: PMC5822799 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2908609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive adult primary brain tumor which is incurable despite intensive multimodal treatment. Inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity poses one of the biggest barriers in the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastoma, causing differences in treatment response and outcome. Noninvasive prognostic and predictive tests are highly needed to complement the current armamentarium. Noninvasive testing of glioblastoma uses multiple techniques that can capture the heterogeneity of glioblastoma. This set of diagnostic approaches comprises advanced MRI techniques, nuclear imaging, liquid biopsy, and new integrated approaches including radiogenomics and radiomics. New treatment options such as agents targeted at driver oncogenes and immunotherapy are currently being developed, but benefit for glioblastoma patients still has to be demonstrated. Understanding and unraveling tumor heterogeneity and microenvironment can help to create a treatment regime that is patient-tailored to these specific tumor characteristics. Improved noninvasive tests are crucial to this success. This review discusses multiple diagnostic approaches and their effect on predicting and monitoring treatment response in glioblastoma.
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Toraih EA, Aly NM, Abdallah HY, Al-Qahtani SA, Shaalan AA, Hussein MH, Fawzy MS. MicroRNA-target cross-talks: Key players in glioblastoma multiforme. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317726842. [PMID: 29110584 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317726842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of microRNAs in brain cancer is still naive. Some act as oncogene and others as tumor suppressors. Discovery of efficient biomarkers is mandatory to debate that aggressive disease. Bioinformatically selected microRNAs and their targets were investigated to evaluate their putative signature as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in primary glioblastoma multiforme. Expression of a panel of seven microRNAs (hsa-miR-34a, hsa-miR-16, hsa-miR-17, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-221, hsa-miR-326, and hsa-miR-375) and seven target genes ( E2F3, PI3KCA, TOM34, WNT5A, PDCD4, DFFA, and EGFR) in 43 glioblastoma multiforme specimens were profiled compared to non-cancer tissues via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry staining for three proteins (VEGFA, BAX, and BCL2) was performed. Gene enrichment analysis identified the biological regulatory functions of the gene panel in glioma pathway. MGMT ( O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) promoter methylation was analyzed for molecular subtyping of tumor specimens. Our data demonstrated a significant upregulation of five microRNAs (hsa-miR-16, hsa-miR-17, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-221, and hsa-miR-375), three genes ( E2F3, PI3KCA, and Wnt5a), two proteins (VEGFA and BCL2), and downregulation of hsa-miR-34a and three other genes ( DFFA, PDCD4, and EGFR) in brain cancer tissues. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that miR-34a (area under the curve = 0.927) and miR-17 (area under the curve = 0.900) had the highest diagnostic performance, followed by miR-221 (area under the curve = 0.845), miR-21 (area under the curve = 0.836), WNT5A (area under the curve = 0.809), PDCD4 (area under the curve = 0.809), and PI3KCA (area under the curve = 0.800). MGMT promoter methylation status was associated with high miR-221 levels. Moreover, patients with VEGFA overexpression and downregulation of TOM34 and BAX had poor overall survival. Nevertheless, miR-17, miR-221, and miR-326 downregulation were significantly associated with high recurrence rate. Multivariate analysis by hierarchical clustering classified patients into four distinct groups based on gene panel signature. In conclusion, the explored microRNA-target dysregulation could pave the road toward developing potential therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma multiforme. Future translational and functional studies are highly recommended to better understand the complex bio-molecular signature of this difficult-to-treat tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ali Toraih
- 1 Genetics Unit, Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Mahmoud Aly
- 2 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hoda Y Abdallah
- 1 Genetics Unit, Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Saeed Awad Al-Qahtani
- 3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aly Am Shaalan
- 4 Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,5 Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Manal Said Fawzy
- 2 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,7 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
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A microRNA signature from serum exosomes of patients with glioma as complementary diagnostic biomarker. J Neurooncol 2017; 136:51-62. [PMID: 29076001 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas, the most frequent primary brain tumors, are characterized by a dismal prognosis. Reliable biomarkers complementary to neuroradiology in the differential diagnosis of gliomas and monitoring for post-surgical progression are unmet needs. Altered expression of several microRNAs in tumour tissues from patients with gliomas compared to normal brain tissue have been described, thus supporting the rationale of using microRNA-based biomarkers. Although different circulating microRNAs were proposed in association with gliomas, they have not been introduced into clinical practice so far. Blood samples were collected from patients with high and low grade gliomas, both before and after surgical resection, and the expression of miR-21, miR-222 and miR-124-3p was measured in exosomes isolated from serum. The expression levels of miR-21, miR-222 and miR-124-3p in serum exosomes of patients with high grade gliomas were significantly higher than those of low grade gliomas and healthy controls and were sharply decreased in samples obtained after surgery. The analysis of miR-21, miR-222 and miR-124-3p in serum exosomes of patients affected by gliomas can provide a minimally invasive and innovative tool to help the differential diagnosis of gliomas at their onset in the brain and predict glioma grading and non glial metastases before surgery.
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Ames H, Halushka MK, Rodriguez FJ. miRNA Regulation in Gliomas: Usual Suspects in Glial Tumorigenesis and Evolving Clinical Applications. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:246-254. [PMID: 28431179 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing role for noncoding small RNAs (miRNA) has been uncovered in carcinogenesis. These oligonucleotides can promote degradation and/or inhibit translation of key mRNAs. Recent studies have also highlighted a possible role for miRNAs in adult and pediatric brain tumors, including high- and low-grade gliomas, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and neoplasms associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. Gliomas represent the most common category of primary intraparenchymal brain tumors, and, for example, manipulation of signaling pathways, through inhibition of PTEN transcription appears to be an important function of miRNA dysregulation through miR-21, miR-106b, and miR-26a. Moreover, altered miRNA expression in gliomas play roles in the regulation of common tumorigenic processes, including receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, angiogenesis, invasion, suppression of differentiation, cell cycle enhancement, and inhibition of apoptosis. Suppression of differentiation requires the downregulation of a number of miRNAs that are both enriched in the brain and required for terminal glial differentiation, including miR-219 and miR-338. Our evolving understanding about the biology of gliomas make them attractive for miRNA study, given that recent evidence suggests that epigenetic and subtle genetic changes may contribute to their pathogenesis. Identification of key miRNAs also provides a rationale for developing robust biomarkers and inhibitory RNA strategies for therapeutic purposes in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Ames
- Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marc K Halushka
- Division of Cardiovascular Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fausto J Rodriguez
- Division of Neuropathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Santangelo A, Tamanini A, Cabrini G, Dechecchi MC. Circulating microRNAs as emerging non-invasive biomarkers for gliomas. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 5:277. [PMID: 28758103 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2017.06.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
No single circulating biomarker has been put to practice for malignant gliomas so far, the most lethal primary brain tumors. Many promising protein biomarkers such as the mutant EGFRvIII or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) have already been detected in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with gliomas, but their clinical value is still pending validation. Furthermore, these and other proteins seem to lack sufficient sensitivity and specificity required for a successful biomarker in this clinical setting. The expression profiling of microRNAs (miRNAs) has already entered cancer clinics as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, for assessing tumor initiation, progression and response to treatment. Large-scale miRNA expression analyses reported both up-regulation and down-regulation of several miRNAs in tumour tissues from patients with gliomas compared to normal brain tissue, thus supporting the development of miRNA-based biomarkers. Using comprehensive high-throughput approaches, such as microarrays, different circulating miRNAs were proposed as potential biomarkers of gliomas. This review is aimed to summarize the clinical evidence about circulating miRNA biomarkers discovered to date. Mandatory issues to develop clinically validated biomarkers to improve time of diagnosis, predicting response to treatment and prognosis of patients with gliomas are also herein addresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Santangelo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Tamanini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulio Cabrini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Dechecchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Kit O, Vodolazhsky D, Rostorguev E, Porksheyan D, Panina S. The role of micro-RNA in the regulation of signal pathways in gliomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 63:481-498. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20176306481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are invasive brain tumors with high rates of recurrence and mortality. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most deadly form of glioma with nearly 100% rate of recurrence and unfavorable prognosis in patients. Micro-RNAs (miR) are the class of wide-spread short non-coding RNAs that inhibit translation via binding to the mRNA of target genes. The aim of the present review is to analyze recent studies and experimental results concerning aberrant expression profiles of miR, which target components of the signaling pathways Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt, EGFR, TGFb, HIF1a in glioma/glioblastoma. Particularly, the interactions of miR with targets of 2-hydroxyglutarate (the product of mutant isocytrate dehydrogenase, R132H IDH1, which is specific for the glioma pathogenesis) have been considered in the present review. Detecting specific miRNAs in tissue and serum may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for glioma, as well as for predicting treatment response of an individual patient, and potentially serving as a mechanism for creating personalized treatment strategies
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Affiliation(s)
- O.I. Kit
- Rostov Research Institute of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | | | - E.E. Rostorguev
- Rostov Research Institute of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - D.H. Porksheyan
- Rostov Research Institute of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - S.B. Panina
- Rostov Research Institute of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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D'Souza NM, Fang P, Logan J, Yang J, Jiang W, Li J. Combining Radiation Therapy with Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Central Nervous System Malignancies. Front Oncol 2016; 6:212. [PMID: 27774435 PMCID: PMC5053992 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignancies of the central nervous system (CNS), particularly glioblastoma and brain metastases from a variety of disease sites, are difficult to treat despite advances in multimodality approaches consisting of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy (RT). Recent successes of immunotherapeutic strategies including immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) via anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies against aggressive cancers, such as melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma, have presented an exciting opportunity to translate these strategies for CNS malignancies. Moreover, via both localized cytotoxicity and systemic proinflammatory effects, the role of RT in enhancing antitumor immune response and, therefore, promoting tumor control is being re-examined, with several preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating potential synergistic effect of RT with ICB in the treatment of primary and metastatic CNS tumors. In this review, we highlight the preclinical evidence supporting the immunomodulatory effect of RT and discuss the rationales for its combination with ICB to promote antitumor immune response. We then outline the current clinical experience of combining RT with ICB in the treatment of multiple primary and metastatic brain tumors. Finally, we review advances in characterizing and modifying tumor radioimmunotherapy responses using biomarkers and microRNA (miRNA) that may potentially be used to guide clinical decision-making in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M D'Souza
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Penny Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Jennifer Logan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Jinzhong Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
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Garden GA, Campbell BM. Glial biomarkers in human central nervous system disease. Glia 2016; 64:1755-71. [PMID: 27228454 PMCID: PMC5575821 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing understanding that aberrant GLIA function is an underlying factor in psychiatric and neurological disorders. As drug discovery efforts begin to focus on glia-related targets, a key gap in knowledge includes the availability of validated biomarkers to help determine which patients suffer from dysfunction of glial cells or who may best respond by targeting glia-related drug mechanisms. Biomarkers are biological variables with a significant relationship to parameters of disease states and can be used as surrogate markers of disease pathology, progression, and/or responses to drug treatment. For example, imaging studies of the CNS enable localization and characterization of anatomical lesions without the need to isolate tissue for biopsy. Many biomarkers of disease pathology in the CNS involve assays of glial cell function and/or response to injury. Each major glia subtype (oligodendroglia, astroglia and microglia) are connected to a number of important and useful biomarkers. Here, we describe current and emerging glial based biomarker approaches for acute CNS injury and the major categories of chronic nervous system dysfunction including neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric, neoplastic, and autoimmune disorders of the CNS. These descriptions are highlighted in the context of how biomarkers are employed to better understand the role of glia in human CNS disease and in the development of novel therapeutic treatments. GLIA 2016;64:1755-1771.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenn A. Garden
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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A restricted signature of serum miRNAs distinguishes glioblastoma from lower grade gliomas. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:124. [PMID: 27476114 PMCID: PMC4967504 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults and challenging cancers for diagnosis and treatment. They remain a disease for which non-invasive, diagnostic and/or prognostic novel biomarkers are highly desirable. Altered microRNA (miRNA) profiles have been observed in tumor tissues and biological fluids. To date only a small set of circulating/serum miRNA is found to be differentially expressed in brain tumors compared to normal controls. Here a restricted signature of circulating/serum miRNA including miR-15b*,-23a, −99a, −125b, −133a, −150*, −197, −340, −497, −548b-5p and let-7c were investigated as potential non-invasive biomarkers in the diagnosis of glioma patients. Methods Serum and tissues miRNAs expression in patients with brain cancers (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 15) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Relative expression was calculated using the comparative Ct method. Statistical significance (p ≤ 0,05) was determined using the Mann–Whitney rank sum and Fisher’s exact test. Diagnostic accuracy of miRNAs in distinguishing glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) from lower grade cancer was assessed by the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. To validate the role of the identified miRNAs in cancer a comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science (Core Collection) and Scopus databases. Results We observed a decrease of miR-497 and miR-125b serum levels depending on tumor stages with reduced level in GBM than lower grade tumors. The ROC curve analysis distinguishing GBM from lower grade cases yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.87 (95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.712–1) and of 0.75 (95 % CI = 0.533–0.967) for miR-497 and -125b, respectively. GBM patients are more likely to show a miR-497 and -125b down-regulation than the lower grade group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.024, respectively). These results were subsequently compared with evidence from 19 studies included in the final systematic review. Conclusions Although multiple biomarkers are currently leveraged in the clinic to detect specific cancer types, no such standard blood biomolecules are used as yet in gliomas. Our data suggest that serum miR-497 and -125b could be a novel diagnostic markers with good perspectives for future clinical applications in patients with glioma.
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The "Liquid Biopsy": the Role of Circulating DNA and RNA in Central Nervous System Tumors. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2016; 16:25. [PMID: 26838352 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-016-0629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The detection of tumor-derived circulating nucleic acids in patients with cancer, known as the "liquid biopsy," has expanded from use in plasma to other bodily fluids in an increasing number of malignancies. Circulating nucleic acids could be of particular use in central nervous system tumors as biopsy carries a 5-7 % risk of major morbidity. This application presents unique challenges that have limited the use of cell-free DNA and RNA in the diagnosis and monitoring of CNS tumors. Recent work suggests that cerebrospinal fluid may be a useful source of CNS tumor-derived circulating nucleic acids. In this review, we discuss the available data and future outlook on the use of the liquid biopsy for CNS tumors.
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Touat M, Duran-Peña A, Alentorn A, Lacroix L, Massard C, Idbaih A. Emerging circulating biomarkers in glioblastoma: promises and challenges. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 15:1311-23. [PMID: 26394701 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1087315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and devastating primary malignant brain tumor in adults. The past few years have seen major progress in our understanding of the molecular basis of GBM. These advances, which have contributed to the development of novel targeted therapies, will change the paradigms in GBM therapy from disease-based to individually tailored molecular target-based treatment. No validated circulating biomarkers have yet been integrated into clinical practice for GBM. There is thus a critical need to implement minimally invasive clinical tests enabling molecular stratification and prognosis assessment, as well as the prediction and monitoring of treatment response. After examination of data from recent studies exploring several categories of tumor-associated biomarkers (circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, nucleic acids and oncometabolites) identified in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid and urine, this article discusses the challenges and prospects for the development of circulating biomarkers in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Touat
- a 1 Inserm U981, Université Paris Sud, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France.,b 2 Département d'innovations thérapeutiques précoces, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Alberto Duran-Peña
- c 3 AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire la Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Agusti Alentorn
- c 3 AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire la Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F-75013, Paris, France.,d 4 Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Lacroix
- a 1 Inserm U981, Université Paris Sud, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France.,e 5 Département de biologie médicale et de pathologie, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France.,f 6 Laboratoire de recherche translationnelle et centre de ressources biologiques, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Christophe Massard
- a 1 Inserm U981, Université Paris Sud, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France.,b 2 Département d'innovations thérapeutiques précoces, Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- c 3 AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire la Pitié Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, F-75013, Paris, France.,d 4 Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
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46
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Chiarlone A, Börner C, Martín-Gómez L, Jiménez-González A, García-Concejo A, García-Bermejo ML, Lorente M, Blázquez C, García-Taboada E, de Haro A, Martella E, Höllt V, Rodríguez R, Galve-Roperh I, Kraus J, Guzmán M. MicroRNA let-7d is a target of cannabinoid CB1 receptor and controls cannabinoid signaling. Neuropharmacology 2016; 108:345-52. [PMID: 27179908 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid CB1 receptor, the molecular target of endocannabinoids and cannabis active components, is one of the most abundant metabotropic receptors in the brain. Cannabis is widely used for both recreational and medicinal purposes. Despite the ever-growing fundamental roles of microRNAs in the brain, the possible molecular connections between the CB1 receptor and microRNAs are surprisingly unknown. Here, by using reporter gene constructs that express interaction sequences for microRNAs in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, we show that CB1 receptor activation enhances the expression of several microRNAs, including let-7d. This was confirmed by measuring hsa-let-7d expression levels. Accordingly, knocking-down CB1 receptor in zebrafish reduced dre-let-7d levels, and knocking-out CB1 receptor in mice decreased mmu-let-7d levels in the cortex, striatum and hippocampus. Conversely, knocking-down let-7d increased CB1 receptor mRNA expression in zebrafish, SH-SY5Y cells and primary striatal neurons. Likewise, in primary striatal neurons chronically exposed to a cannabinoid or opioid agonist, a let-7d-inhibiting sequence facilitated not only cannabinoid or opioid signaling but also cannabinoid/opioid cross-signaling. Taken together, these findings provide the first evidence for a bidirectional link between the CB1 receptor and a microRNA, namely let-7d, and thus unveil a new player in the complex process of cannabinoid action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chiarlone
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christine Börner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Laura Martín-Gómez
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ada Jiménez-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Adrián García-Concejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Mar Lorente
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Blázquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena García-Taboada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amador de Haro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Martella
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Volker Höllt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ismael Galve-Roperh
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jürgen Kraus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Manuel Guzmán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) and Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Objective: This overview seeked to bring together the microRNA (miRNA) researches on biogenesis and bio-function in these areas of clinical diagnosis and therapy for malignant glioma. Data Sources: Using the keyword terms “glioma” and “miRNA,” we performed the literature search in PubMed, Ovid, and web.metstr.com databases from their inception to October 2014. Study Selection: In screening out the quality of the articles, factors such as clinical setting of the study, the size of clinical samples were taken into consideration. Animal studied for verification and reviews article were also included in our data collection. Results: Despite many advance in miRNA for malignant glioma, further studies were still required to focus on the following aspects: (i) Improving the understanding about biogenesis of miRNA and up-down regulation; (ii) utilizing high-throughput miRNA expression analysis to screen out the core miRNA for glioma; (iii) Focusing related miRNAs on the signal transduction pathways that regulate the proliferation and growth of glioma. Conclusions: We discussed the most promising miRNA, correlative signaling pathway and their relation with gliomas in the way of prompting miRNA target into being a clinical therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200092, China
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48
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MicroRNA and extracellular vesicles in glioblastoma: small but powerful. Brain Tumor Pathol 2016; 33:77-88. [PMID: 26968172 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-016-0259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To promote the tumor growth, angiogenesis, metabolism, and invasion, glioblastoma (GBM) cells subvert the surrounding microenvironment by influencing the endogenous activity of other brain cells including endothelial cells, macrophages, astrocytes, and microglia. Large number of studies indicates that the intra-cellular communication between the different cell types of the GBM microenvironment occurs through the functional transfer of oncogenic components such as proteins, non-coding RNAs, DNA and lipids via the release and uptake of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Unlike the communication through the secretion of chemokines and cytokines, the transfer and gene silencing activity of microRNAs through EVs is more complex as the biogenesis and proper packaging of microRNAs is crucial for their uptake by recipient cells. Although the specific mechanism of EV-derived microRNA uptake and processing in recipient cells is largely unknown, the screening, identifying and finally targeting of the EV-associated pro-tumorigenic microRNAs are emerging as new therapeutic strategy to combat the GBM.
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49
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Stoicea N, Du A, Lakis DC, Tipton C, Arias-Morales CE, Bergese SD. The MiRNA Journey from Theory to Practice as a CNS Biomarker. Front Genet 2016; 7:11. [PMID: 26904099 PMCID: PMC4746307 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small nucleotide sequences that control gene transcription, have the potential to serve an expanded function as indicators in the diagnosis and progression of neurological disorders. Studies involving debilitating neurological diseases such as, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injuries, Parkinson's disease and CNS tumors, already provide validation for their clinical diagnostic use. These small nucleotide sequences have several features, making them favorable candidates as biomarkers, including function in multiple tissues, stability in bodily fluids, a role in pathogenesis, and the ability to be detected early in the disease course. Cerebrospinal fluid, with its cell-free environment, collection process that minimizes tissue damage, and direct contact with the brain and spinal cord, is a promising source of miRNA in the diagnosis of many neurological disorders. Despite the advantages of miRNA analysis, current analytic technology is not yet affordable as a clinically viable diagnostic tool and requires standardization. The goal of this review is to explore the prospective use of CSF miRNA as a reliable and affordable biomarker for different neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Stoicea
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy Du
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Christie Lakis
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Courtney Tipton
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carlos E Arias-Morales
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sergio D Bergese
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbus, OH, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbus, OH, USA
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50
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Areeb Z, Stylli SS, Koldej R, Ritchie DS, Siegal T, Morokoff AP, Kaye AH, Luwor RB. MicroRNA as potential biomarkers in Glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2015; 125:237-48. [PMID: 26391593 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and lethal tumour of the central nervous system and as such the identification of reliable prognostic and predictive biomarkers for patient survival and tumour recurrence is paramount. MicroRNA detection has rapidly emerged as potential biomarkers, in patients with glioblastoma. Over the last decade, analysis of miRNA in laboratory based studies have yielded several candidates as potential biomarkers however, the accepted use of these candidates in the clinic is yet to be validated. Here we will examine the use of miRNA signatures to improve glioblastoma stratification into subgroups and summarise recent advances made in miRNA examination as potential biomarkers for glioblastoma progression and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zammam Areeb
- Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Rachel Koldej
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
- Haematology and Immunology Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Immunology Research Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David S Ritchie
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
- Haematology and Immunology Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Immunology Research Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tali Siegal
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Davidoff Institute of Oncology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tokva, Israel
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia.
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