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Wu J, Li Y, Tian S, Na S, Wei H, Wu Y, Yang Y, Shen Z, Ding J, Bao S, Liu S, Li L, Feng R, Zhu Y, He C, Yue J. CYP1B1 affects the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and oxidative stress in the striatum: An investigation of manganese-induced neurotoxicity. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14633. [PMID: 38429921 PMCID: PMC10907825 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Excessive influx of manganese (Mn) into the brain across the blood-brain barrier induces neurodegeneration. CYP1B1 is involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) that affects vascular homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the effect of brain CYP1B1 on Mn-induced neurotoxicity. METHOD Brain Mn concentrations and α-synuclein accumulation were measured in wild-type and CYP1B1 knockout mice treated with MnCl2 (30 mg/kg) and biotin (0.2 g/kg) for 21 continuous days. Tight junctions and oxidative stress were analyzed in hCMEC/D3 and SH-SY5Y cells after the treatment with MnCl2 (200 μM) and CYP1B1-derived AA metabolites (HETEs and EETs). RESULTS Mn exposure inhibited brain CYP1B1, and CYP1B1 deficiency increased brain Mn concentrations and accelerated α-synuclein deposition in the striatum. CYP1B1 deficiency disrupted the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and increased the ratio of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) to dopamine in the striatum. HETEs attenuated Mn-induced inhibition of tight junctions by activating PPARγ in endothelial cells. Additionally, EETs attenuated Mn-induced up-regulation of the KLF/MAO-B axis and down-regulation of NRF2 in neuronal cells. Biotin up-regulated brain CYP1B1 and reduced Mn-induced neurotoxicity in mice. CONCLUSIONS Brain CYP1B1 plays a critical role in both cerebrovascular and dopamine homeostasis, which might serve as a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of PharmacyTaikang Tongji (Wuhan) HospitalWuhuChina
| | - Yueran Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuChina
| | - Shuwei Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shufang Na
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan UniversityTransplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on TransplantationWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Hongyan Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yafei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yafei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zixia Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jiayue Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shenglan Bao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Siqi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lingyun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Rongling Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chunyan He
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education, School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jiang Yue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and ImmunologyWuhanChina
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Salazar-Anzures T, Pastén-Hidalgo K, Sicilia-Argumedo G, Riverón-Negrete L, Hernández-Vázquez ADJ, Fernanadez-Mejia C. Dietary biotin supplementation increases proliferation pathways in mice testes without affecting serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels and stem cell factor expression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 433:115774. [PMID: 34699867 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Supplements containing pharmacological concentrations of biotin are commercially available. The mechanisms by which biotin at pharmacological concentrations exerts its action have been the subject of multiple investigations, particularly for biotin's medicinal potential and wide use for cosmetic purposes. Several studies have reported that biotin supplementation increases cell proliferation; however, the mechanisms involved in this effect have not yet been characterized. In a previous study, we found that a biotin-supplemented diet increased spermatogonia proliferation. The present study was focused on investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in biotin-induced testis cell proliferation. Male BALB/cAnNHsd mice were fed a control or a biotin-supplemented diet (1.76 or 97.7 mg biotin/kg diet) for eight weeks. Compared with the control group, the biotin-supplemented mice presented augmented protein abundance of the c-kit-receptor and pERK1/2Tyr204 and pAKTSer473, the active forms of ERK/AKT proliferation signaling pathways. No changes were observed in the testis expression of the stem cell factor and in the serum levels of the follicle-stimulating hormone. Analysis of mRNA abundance found an increase in cyclins Ccnd3, Ccne1, Ccna2; Kinases Cdk4, Cdk2; and E2F; and Sp1 & Sp3 transcription factors. Decreased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1a (p21) was observed but not of Cdkn2a inhibitor (p16). The results of the present study identifies, for the first time, the mechanisms associated with biotin supplementation-induced cell proliferation, which raises concerns about the effects of biotin on male reproductive health because of its capacity to cause hyperplasia, especially because this vitamin is available in large amounts without regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonatiuh Salazar-Anzures
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Avenida del Iman#1, 4th floor, Mexico City 04500, Mexico
| | - Karina Pastén-Hidalgo
- Cátedra CONACYT, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Avenida del Iman#1, 4th floor, Mexico City 04500, Mexico
| | - Gloria Sicilia-Argumedo
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Avenida del Iman#1, 4th floor, Mexico City 04500, Mexico
| | - Leticia Riverón-Negrete
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Avenida del Iman#1, 4th floor, Mexico City 04500, Mexico
| | - Alain de Jesús Hernández-Vázquez
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Avenida del Iman#1, 4th floor, Mexico City 04500, Mexico
| | - Cristina Fernanadez-Mejia
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México/Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Avenida del Iman#1, 4th floor, Mexico City 04500, Mexico.
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Ramamoorthy K, Sabui S, Srinivasan P, Al-Juburi S, Pham Q, Chu BD, Simoes RD, Fleckenstein JM, Said HM. Effect of chronic alcohol exposure on gut vitamin B7 uptake: involvement of epigenetic mechanisms and effect of alcohol metabolites. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G123-G133. [PMID: 34077272 PMCID: PMC8410103 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00144.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B7 (biotin) is essential for normal health and its deficiency/suboptimal levels occur in a variety of conditions including chronic alcoholism. Mammals, including humans, obtain biotin from diet and gut-microbiota via absorption along the intestinal tract. The absorption process is carrier mediated and involves the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT; SLC5A6). We have previously shown that chronic alcohol exposure significantly inhibits intestinal/colonic biotin uptake via suppression of Slc5a6 transcription in animal and cell line models. However, little is known about the transcriptional/epigenetic factors that mediate this suppression. In addition, the effect of alcohol metabolites (generated via alcohol metabolism by gut microbiota and host tissues) on biotin uptake is still unknown. To address these questions, we first demonstrated that chronic alcohol exposure inhibits small intestinal and colonic biotin uptake and SMVT expression in human differentiated enteroid and colonoid monolayers. We then showed that chronic alcohol exposures of both, Caco-2 cells and mice, are associated with a significant suppression in expression of the nuclear factor KLF-4 (needed for Slc5a6 promoter activity), as well as with epigenetic alterations (histone modifications). We also found that chronic exposure of NCM460 human colonic epithelial cells as well as human differentiated colonoid monolayers, to alcohol metabolites (acetaldehyde, ethyl palmitate, ethyl oleate) significantly inhibited biotin uptake and SMVT expression. These findings shed light onto the molecular/epigenetic mechanisms that mediate the inhibitory effect of chronic alcohol exposure on intestinal biotin uptake. They further show that alcohol metabolites are also capable of inhibiting biotin uptake in the gut.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using complementary models, including human differentiated enteroid and colonoid monolayers, this study shows the involvement of molecular and epigenetic mechanisms in mediating the inhibitory effect of chronic alcohol exposure on biotin uptake along the intestinal tract. The study also shows that alcohol metabolites (generated by gut microbiota and host tissues) cause inhibition in gut biotin uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalidas Ramamoorthy
- 1Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Subrata Sabui
- 1Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California,5Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Padmanabhan Srinivasan
- 1Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California,5Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Saleh Al-Juburi
- 1Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Quang Pham
- 1Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Brian D. Chu
- 1Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California,5Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Rita D. Simoes
- 3Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - James M. Fleckenstein
- 3Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri,4Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis Missouri
| | - Hamid M. Said
- 1Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California,2Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California,5Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
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Jeong H, Vacanti NM. Systemic vitamin intake impacting tissue proteomes. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:73. [PMID: 32863845 PMCID: PMC7449053 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics and localization of the reactions of metabolism are coordinated by the enzymes that catalyze them. These enzymes are controlled via a myriad of mechanisms including inhibition/activation by metabolites, compartmentalization, thermodynamics, and nutrient sensing-based transcriptional or post-translational regulation; all of which are influenced as a network by the activities of metabolic enzymes and have downstream potential to exert direct or indirect control over protein abundances. Considering many of these enzymes are active only when one or more vitamin cofactors are present; the availability of vitamin cofactors likely yields a systems-influence over tissue proteomes. Furthermore, vitamins may influence protein abundances as nuclear receptor agonists, antioxidants, substrates for post-translational modifications, molecular signal transducers, and regulators of electrolyte homeostasis. Herein, studies of vitamin intake are explored for their contribution to unraveling vitamin influence over protein expression. As a body of work, these studies establish vitamin intake as a regulator of protein abundance; with the most powerful demonstrations reporting regulation of proteins directly related to the vitamin of interest. However, as a whole, the field has not kept pace with advances in proteomic platforms and analytical methodologies, and has not moved to validate mechanisms of regulation or potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesoo Jeong
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
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5
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Jayawardena D, Dudeja PK. Micronutrient Deficiency in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Cause or Effect? Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 9:707-708. [PMID: 31962099 PMCID: PMC7212480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dulari Jayawardena
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pradeep K Dudeja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Research Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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6
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Sabui S, Skupsky J, Kapadia R, Cogburn K, Lambrecht NW, Agrawal A, Said HM. Tamoxifen-induced, intestinal-specific deletion of Slc5a6 in adult mice leads to spontaneous inflammation: involvement of NF-κB, NLRP3, and gut microbiota. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G518-G530. [PMID: 31369292 PMCID: PMC6842991 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00172.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT; SLC5A6) is involved in intestinal absorption of vitamin B7 (biotin). We have previously shown that mice with an embryonic intestinal-specific SMVT knockout (KO) develop biotin deficiency and severe spontaneous intestinal inflammation in addition to growth retardation, developmental delays, and death within the first 6-7 wk of life. The profound morbidity and mortality associated with the SMVT-KO has limited our ability to further characterize the intestinal inflammation and other sequelae of this deletion in adult mice with a mature gut microbiota. To overcome this limitation, we generated an intestine-specific, tamoxifen-inducible, conditional SMVT-KO (SMVT-icKO). Our results showed that adult SMVT-icKO mice have reduced body weight, biotin deficiency, shorter colonic length, and bloody diarrhea compared with age- and sex-matched control littermates. All SMVT-icKO mice also developed spontaneous intestinal inflammation associated with induction of calprotectin (S100a8/S100a9), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6), and an increase in intestinal permeability. Additionally, the intestines of SMVT-icKO showed activation of the NF-κB pathway and the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin 3 domain (NLRP3) inflammasome. Notably, administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics reduced lethality and led to normalization of intestinal inflammation, proinflammatory cytokines, altered mucosal integrity, and reduced expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Overall, these findings support our conclusion that the biotin transport pathway plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, and that NF-κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as gut microbiota, drive the development of intestinal inflammation when SMVT is absent.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that deletion of the intestinal biotin uptake system in adult mice leads to the development of spontaneous gut inflammation and that luminal microbiota plays a role in its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Sabui
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California,3Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Jonathan Skupsky
- 2Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California,3Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Rubina Kapadia
- 2Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California,3Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Kyle Cogburn
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Nils W. Lambrecht
- 3Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- 2Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Hamid M. Said
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California,2Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California,3Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California
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7
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Aguilera-Méndez A, Espino-García R, Toledo-López ZJ, Hernández-Gallegos Z, Villafaña-Rauda S, Nieto-Aguilar R, Serrato-Ochoa D, Manuel-Jacobo GC. Biotin improves relaxation of rat aortic rings in combination with antihypertensive drugs. PHARMANUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2019.100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Aguilera-Mendez A, Hernández-Equihua MG, Rueda-Rocha AC, Guajardo-López C, Nieto-Aguilar R, Serrato-Ochoa D, Ruíz Herrera LF, Guzmán-Nateras JA. Protective effect of supplementation with biotin against high-fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Nutr Res 2018; 57:86-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Indiscriminate use of multivitamin/mineral supplements in the general population may be misguided, but patients with chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) should be monitored and compensated for nutritional deficiencies. Mechanistic links between vitamin/mineral deficiencies and IBD pathology has been found for some micronutrients and normalizing their levels is clinically beneficial. Others, like vitamin A, although instinctively desirable, produced disappointing results. Restoring normal levels of the selected micronutrients requires elevated doses to compensate for defects in absorptive or signaling mechanisms. This article describes some aspects of vitamin and mineral deficiencies in IBD, and summarizes pros and cons of supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayez K Ghishan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pawel R Kiela
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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10
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Lakhan R, Said HM. Lipopolysaccharide inhibits colonic biotin uptake via interference with membrane expression of its transporter: a role for a casein kinase 2-mediated pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C376-C384. [PMID: 28052864 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00300.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biotin (vitamin B7), an essential micronutrient for normal cellular functions, is obtained from both dietary sources as well as gut microbiota. Absorption of biotin in both the small and large intestine is via a carrier-mediated process that involves the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT). Although different physiological and molecular aspects of intestinal biotin uptake have been delineated, nothing is known about the effect of LPS on the process. We addressed this issue using in vitro (human colonic epithelial NCM460 cells) and in vivo (mice) models of LPS exposure. Treating NCM460 cells with LPS was found to lead to a significant inhibition in carrier-mediated biotin uptake. Similarly, administration of LPS to mice led to a significant inhibition in biotin uptake by native colonic tissue. Although no changes in total cellular SMVT protein and mRNA levels were observed, LPS caused a decrease in the fraction of SMVT expressed at the cell surface. A role for casein kinase 2 (CK2) (whose activity was also inhibited by LPS) in mediating the endotoxin effects on biotin uptake and on membrane expression of SMVT was suggested by findings that specific inhibitors of CK2, as well as mutating the putative CK2 phosphorylation site (Thr78Ala) in the SMVT protein, led to inhibition in biotin uptake and membrane expression of SMVT. This study shows for the first time that LPS inhibits colonic biotin uptake via decreasing membrane expression of its transporter and that these effects likely involve a CK2-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Lakhan
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California; and Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California
| | - Hamid M Said
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California; and Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California
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11
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Sabui S, Bohl JA, Kapadia R, Cogburn K, Ghosal A, Lambrecht NW, Said HM. Role of the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT) in the maintenance of intestinal mucosal integrity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G561-70. [PMID: 27492331 PMCID: PMC5076003 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00240.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing a conditional (intestinal-specific) knockout (cKO) mouse model, we have recently shown that the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT) (SLC5A6) is the only biotin uptake system that operates in the gut and that its deletion leads to biotin deficiency. Unexpectedly, we also observed that all SMVT-cKO mice develop chronic active inflammation, especially in the cecum. Our aim here was to examine the role of SMVT in the maintenance of intestinal mucosal integrity [permeability and expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins]. Our results showed that knocking out the mouse intestinal SMVT is associated with a significant increase in gut permeability and with changes in the level of expression of TJ proteins. To determine whether these changes are related to the state of biotin deficiency that develops in SMVT-cKO mice, we induced (by dietary means) biotin deficiency in wild-type mice and examined its effect on the above-mentioned parameters. The results showed that dietary-induced biotin deficiency leads to a similar development of chronic active inflammation in the cecum with an increase in the level of expression of proinflammatory cytokines, as well as an increase in intestinal permeability and changes in the level of expression of TJ proteins. We also examined the effect of chronic biotin deficiency on permeability and expression of TJ proteins in confluent intestinal epithelial Caco-2 monolayers but observed no changes in these parameters. These results show that the intestinal SMVT plays an important role in the maintenance of normal mucosal integrity, most likely via its role in providing biotin to different cells of the gut mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Sabui
- 1Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California; ,2Departments of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; ,3Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Jennifer Ann Bohl
- 1Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California; ,2Departments of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; ,3Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Rubina Kapadia
- 1Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California; ,2Departments of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; ,3Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Kyle Cogburn
- 1Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California; ,2Departments of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; ,3Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Abhisek Ghosal
- 1Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California; ,2Departments of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; ,3Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Nils W. Lambrecht
- 1Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California; ,2Departments of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; ,3Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Hamid M. Said
- 1Department of Medical Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, California; ,2Departments of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California; ,3Department of Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
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12
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Ghosal A, Jellbauer S, Kapadia R, Raffatellu M, Said HM. Salmonella infection inhibits intestinal biotin transport: cellular and molecular mechanisms. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G123-31. [PMID: 25999427 PMCID: PMC4504957 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00112.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the nontyphoidal Salmonella is a common cause of food-borne disease that leads to acute gastroenteritis/diarrhea. Severe/prolonged cases of Salmonella infection could also impact host nutritional status, but little is known about its effect on intestinal absorption of vitamins, including biotin. We examined the effect of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) infection on intestinal biotin uptake using in vivo (streptomycin-pretreated mice) and in vitro [mouse (YAMC) and human (NCM460) colonic epithelial cells, and human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells] models. The results showed that infecting mice with wild-type S. typhimurium, but not with its nonpathogenic isogenic invA spiB mutant, leads to a significant inhibition in jejunal/colonic biotin uptake and in level of expression of the biotin transporter, sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter. In contrast, infecting YAMC, NCM460, and Caco-2 cells with S. typhimurium did not affect biotin uptake. These findings suggest that the effect of S. typhimurium infection is indirect and is likely mediated by proinflammatory cytokines, the levels of which were markedly induced in the intestine of S. typhimurium-infected mice. Consistent with this hypothesis, exposure of NCM460 cells to the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ led to a significant inhibition of biotin uptake, sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter expression, and activity of the SLC5A6 promoter. The latter effects appear to be mediated, at least in part, via the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that S. typhimurium infection inhibits intestinal biotin uptake, and that the inhibition is mediated via the action of proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Ghosal
- 1Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California; ,2Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California;
| | - Stefan Jellbauer
- 3Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, California; and ,4Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Rubina Kapadia
- 1Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California; ,2Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California;
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- 3Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, California; and ,4Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Hamid M. Said
- 1Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California; ,2Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California;
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Abstract
Biotin is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin and is well-known as a co-factor for 5 indispensable carboxylases. Holocarboxylase synthetase (HLCS) catalyzes the biotinylation of carboxylases and other proteins, whereas biotinidase catalyzes the release of biotin from biotinylated peptides. Previous studies have reported that nutritional biotin deficiency and genetic defects in either HLCS or biotinidase induces cutaneous inflammation and immunological disorders. Since biotin-dependent carboxylases involve various cellular metabolic pathways including gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids and odd-chain fatty acids, metabolic abnormalities may play important roles in immunological and inflammatory disorders caused by biotin deficiency. Transcriptional factors, including NF-κB and Sp1/3, are also affected by the status of biotin, indicating that biotin regulates immunological and inflammatory functions independently of biotin-dependent carboxylases. An in-vivo analysis with a murine model revealed the therapeutic effects of biotin supplementation on metal allergies. The novel roles of biotinylated proteins and their related enzymes have recently been reported. Non-carboxylase biotinylated proteins induce chemokine production. HLCS is a nuclear protein involved in epigenetic and chromatin regulation. In this review, comprehensive knowledge on the regulation of immunological and inflammatory functions by biotin and its potential as a therapeutic agent is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Kuroishi
- Division of Oral Immunology, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.,Division of Oral Immunology, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Srinivasan P, Kapadia R, Biswas A, Said HM. Chronic alcohol exposure inhibits biotin uptake by pancreatic acinar cells: possible involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G941-9. [PMID: 25214397 PMCID: PMC4250263 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00278.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to alcohol affects different physiological aspects of pancreatic acinar cells (PAC), but its effect on the uptake process of biotin is not known. We addressed this issue using mouse-derived pancreatic acinar 266-6 cells chronically exposed to alcohol and wild-type and transgenic mice (carrying the human SLC5A6 5'-promoter) fed alcohol chronically. First we established that biotin uptake by PAC is Na(+) dependent and carrier mediated and involves sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT). Chronic exposure of 266-6 cells to alcohol led to a significant inhibition in biotin uptake, expression of SMVT protein, and mRNA as well as in the activity of the SLC5A6 promoter. Similarly, chronic alcohol feeding of wild-type and transgenic mice carrying the SLC5A6 promoter led to a significant inhibition in biotin uptake by PAC, as well as in the expression of SMVT protein and mRNA and the activity of the SLC5A6 promoters expressed in the transgenic mice. We also found that chronic alcohol feeding of mice is associated with a significant increase in the methylation status of CpG islands predicted to be in the mouse Slc5a6 promoters and a decrease in the level of expression of transcription factor KLF-4, which plays an important role in regulating SLC5A6 promoter activity. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that chronic alcohol exposure negatively impacts biotin uptake in PAC and that this effect is exerted (at least in part) at the level of transcription of the SLC5A6 gene and may involve epigenetic/molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabhan Srinivasan
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California; and Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Rubina Kapadia
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California; and Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Arundhati Biswas
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California; and Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Hamid M Said
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California; and Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, California
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15
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Modulation of the rat hepatic cytochrome P4501A subfamily using biotin supplementation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:627907. [PMID: 23984390 PMCID: PMC3745937 DOI: 10.1155/2013/627907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies have found that biotin favors glucose and lipid metabolism, and medications containing biotin have been developed. Despite the use of biotin as a pharmacological agent, few studies have addressed toxicity aspects including the possible interaction with cytochrome P450 enzyme family. This study analyzed the effects of pharmacological doses of biotin on the expression and activity of the cytochrome P4501A subfamily involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Wistar rats were treated daily with biotin (2 mg/kg, i.p.), while the control groups were treated with saline. All of the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after 1, 3, 5, or 7 days of treatment. CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 mRNAs were modified by biotin while enzyme activity and protein concentration were not affected. The lack of an effect of biotin on CYP1A activity was confirmed using other experimental strategies, including (i) cotreatment of the animals with biotin and a known CYP1A inducer; (ii) the addition of biotin to the reaction mixtures for the measurement of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 activities; and (iii) the use of an S9 mixture that was prepared from control and biotin-treated rats to analyze the activation of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) into mutagenic metabolites using the Ames test. The results suggest that biotin does not influence the CYP1A-mediated metabolism of xenobiotics.
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Aguilera-Méndez A, Fernández-Mejía C. The hypotriglyceridemic effect of biotin supplementation involves increased levels of cGMP and AMPK activation. Biofactors 2012; 38:387-94. [PMID: 22806917 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its role as a carboxylase cofactor, biotin modifies gene expression and has manifold effects on systemic processes. Several studies have shown that biotin supplementation reduces hypertriglyceridemia. We have previously reported that this effect is related to decreased expression of lipogenic genes. In the present work, we analyzed signaling pathways and posttranscriptional mechanisms involved in the hypotriglyceridemic effects of biotin. Male BALB/cAnN Hsd mice were fed a control or a biotin-supplemented diet (1.76 or 97.7 mg of free biotin/kg diet, respectively for 8 weeks after weaning. The abundance of mature sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP-1c), fatty-acid synthase (FAS), total acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC-1) and its phosphorylated form, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were evaluated in the liver. We also determined the serum triglyceride concentrations and the hepatic levels of triglycerides and cyclic GMP (cGMP). Compared to the control group, biotin-supplemented mice had lower serum and hepatic triglyceride concentrations. Biotin supplementation increased the levels of cGMP and the phosphorylated forms of AMPK and ACC-1 and decreased the abundance of the mature form of SREBP-1c and FAS. These data provide evidence that the mechanisms by which biotin supplementation reduces lipogenesis involve increased cGMP content and AMPK activation. In turn, these changes lead to augmented ACC-1 phosphorylation and decreased expression of both the mature form of SREBP-1c and FAS. Our results demonstrate for the first time that AMPK is involved in the effects of biotin supplementation and offer new insights into the mechanisms of biotin-mediated hypotriglyceridemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asdrúbal Aguilera-Méndez
- Unidad de Genética de la Nutrición, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City, Mexico
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Effects of biotin supplementation in the diet on insulin secretion, islet gene expression, glucose homeostasis and beta-cell proportion. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:169-77. [PMID: 22841397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Besides its role as a carboxylase cofactor, biotin has a wide repertoire of effects on gene expression, development and metabolism. Pharmacological concentrations of biotin enhance insulin secretion and the expression of genes and signaling pathways that favor islet function in vitro. However, the in vivo effects of biotin supplementation on pancreatic islet function are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether in vivo biotin supplementation in the diet has positive effects in rodent pancreatic islets. Male BALB/cAnN Hsd mice were fed a control or a biotin-supplemented diet over 8 weeks postweaning and tested for glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion, islet gene expression and pancreatic morphometry. Insulin secretion increased from the islets of biotin-supplemented mice, together with the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of several transcription factors regulating insulin expression and secretion, including forkhead box A2, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α. The mRNA abundance of glucokinase, Cacna1d, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and insulin also increased. Consistent with these effects, glucose tolerance improved, and glucose-stimulated serum insulin levels increased in biotin-supplemented mice, without changes in fasting glucose levels or insulin tolerance. Biotin supplementation augmented the proportion of beta cells by enlarging islet size and, unexpectedly, also increased the percentage of islets with alpha cells at the islet core. mRNA expression of neural cell adhesion molecule 1, an adhesion protein participating in the maintenance of islet architecture, decreased in biotin-supplemented islets. These findings provide, for the first time, insight into how biotin supplementation exerts its effects on function and proportion of beta cells, suggesting a role for biotin in the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
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Fernandez-Mejia C, Lazo-de-la-Vega-Monroy ML. Biological Effects of Pharmacological Concentrations of Biotin. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1533210110392947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of vitamins has opened new perspectives regarding the relationship between nutritional signals and biological functions, which, in turn, has led to the development of new therapeutic agents. Although little is known about water-soluble vitamins as genetic modulators, evidence about their effects on gene expression has grown. In the case of biotin, besides its role as a carboxylase prosthetic group, it also affects gene expression and has a wide repertoire of effects on biological functions. Only recently, the role of pharmacological concentrations of biotin on systemic functions has attracted attention, and it is now being reconsidered with the help of new technologies. This novel approach could lead to new perspectives in its use as a therapeutic agent. The present review is focused on the effects of pharmacological concentrations of biotin on several biological functions and on the biotin signaling pathways that participate in gene expression.
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Pharmacological concentrations of biotin reduce serum triglycerides and the expression of lipogenic genes. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 644:263-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Kuroishi T, Kinbara M, Sato N, Tanaka Y, Nagai Y, Iwakura Y, Endo Y, Sugawara S. Biotin status affects nickel allergy via regulation of interleukin-1beta production in mice. J Nutr 2009; 139:1031-6. [PMID: 19261731 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.097543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotin, a water-soluble B complex vitamin, is possibly involved in chronic inflammatory diseases, although the detailed mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of biotin status on nickel (Ni) allergy in mice. Mice were fed a basal or biotin-deficient (BD) diet for 8 wk and sensitized with an intraperitoneal injection of NiCl(2) and lipopolysaccharide. Ten days after sensitization, NiCl(2) was intradermally injected into pinnas and ear swelling was measured. For in vitro analysis, we cultured a murine macrophage cell line, J774.1, under a biotin-sufficient (C, meaning control) or BD condition for 4 wk and analyzed interleukin (IL)-1 production. Significantly higher ear swelling was induced in BD mice than C mice. Adaptive transfer of splenocytes from both C and BD mice induced Ni allergy in unsensitized mice. Regardless of donor mice, ear swelling was significantly higher in BD recipient mice than C recipient mice. Ni allergy was not induced in either C or BD IL-1(-/-) mice. Splenocytes from BD mice produced a significantly higher amount of IL-1beta than those from C mice. Production and mRNA expression of IL-1beta were significantly higher in BD J774.1 cells than in C cells. Biotin supplementation inhibited the augmentation of IL-1beta production in vitro. In vivo supplementation of biotin in drinking water dose-dependently decreased ear swelling in C and BD mice. These results indicate that biotin status affects Ni allergy in the elicitation phase via the upregulation of IL-1beta production in mice, suggesting that biotin supplementation may have therapeutic effects on human metal allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Kuroishi
- Division of Oral Immunology, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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Rodriguez-Melendez R, Zempleni J. Nitric oxide signaling depends on biotin in Jurkat human lymphoma cells. J Nutr 2009; 139:429-33. [PMID: 19141704 PMCID: PMC2646219 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.101840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotin affects gene expression through a diverse array of cell signaling pathways. Previous studies provided evidence that cGMP-dependent signaling also depends on biotin, but the mechanistic sequence of cGMP regulation by biotin is unknown. Here we tested the hypothesis that the effects of biotin in cGMP-dependent cell signaling are mediated by nitric oxide (NO). Human lymphoid (Jurkat) cells were cultured in media containing deficient (0.025 nmol/L), physiological (0.25 nmol/L), and pharmacological (10 nmol/L) concentrations of biotin for 5 wk. Both levels of intracellular biotin and NO exhibited a dose-dependent relationship in regard to biotin concentrations in culture media. Effects of biotin on NO levels were disrupted by the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N-monomethyl-arginine. Biotin-dependent production of NO was linked with biotin-dependent expression of endothelial and neuronal NOS, but not inducible NOS. Previous studies revealed that NO is an activator of guanylate cyclase. Consistent with these previous observations, biotin-dependent generation of NO increased the abundance of cGMP in Jurkat cells. Finally, the biotin-dependent generation of cGMP increased protein kinase G activity. Collectively, the results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that biotin-dependent cGMP signaling in human lymphoid cells is mediated by NO.
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22
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Chew YC, Sarath G, Zempleni J. An avidin-based assay for histone debiotinylase activity in human cell nuclei. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 18:475-81. [PMID: 17156993 PMCID: PMC2084399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Revised: 08/11/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The covalent binding of biotin to histones participates in heterochromatin formation, cell cycle progression and cellular response to DNA breaks. Biotinylation of histones appears to be a reversible process, but the identity of enzymes that remove biotin marks is largely unknown. Our long-term goal is to identify histone debiotinylases in human cells. Here we developed an avidin-based plate assay to quantify histone debiotinylase activities in nuclear extracts. This assay is an essential first step in purifying and identifying histone debiotinylases from human cells. Using this assay, we demonstrated that debiotinylation of histones depends on temperature and pH, consistent with enzyme catalysis. Experiments with purified histones, proteases and protease inhibitors provide evidence that removal of biotin marks from histones is mediated by debiotinylases rather than by proteases. Activities of histone debiotinylases varied among human tissues: colon=lung>placenta=liver>lymphoid cells. This assay proved useful in monitoring activities of putative histone debiotinylases during their partial purification from cells. Collectively, this assay is a useful tool for investigating histone debiotinylases in human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yap Ching Chew
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0806, USA
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23
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Camporeale G, Giordano E, Rendina R, Zempleni J, Eissenberg JC. Drosophila melanogaster holocarboxylase synthetase is a chromosomal protein required for normal histone biotinylation, gene transcription patterns, lifespan, and heat tolerance. J Nutr 2006; 136:2735-42. [PMID: 17056793 PMCID: PMC1626655 DOI: 10.1093/jn/136.11.2735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of histones play important roles in chromatin structure and genomic stability. Distinct lysine residues in histones are targets for covalent binding of biotin, catalyzed by holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS) and biotinidase (BTD). Histone biotinylation has been implicated in heterochromatin structures, DNA repair, and mitotic chromosome condensation. To test whether HCS and BTD deficiency alters histone biotinylation and to characterize phenotypes associated with HCS and BTD deficiency, HCS- and BTD-deficient flies were generated by RNA interference (RNAi). Expression of HCS and BTD decreased by 65-90% in RNAi-treated flies, as judged by mRNA abundance, BTD activity, and abundance of HCS protein. Decreased expression of HCS and BTD caused decreased biotinylation of K9 and K18 in histone H3. This was associated with altered expression of 201 genes in HCS-deficient flies. Lifespan of HCS- and BTD-deficient flies decreased by up to 32% compared to wild-type controls. Heat tolerance decreased by up to 55% in HCS-deficient flies compared to controls, as judged by survival times; effects of BTD deficiency were minor. Consistent with this observation, HCS deficiency was associated with altered expression of 285 heat-responsive genes. HCS and BTD deficiency did not affect cold tolerance, suggesting stress-specific effects of chromatin remodeling by histone biotinylation. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide evidence that HCS-dependent histone biotinylation affects gene function and phenotype, suggesting that the complex phenotypes of HCS- and BTD-deficiency disorders may reflect chromatin structure changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Camporeale
- From the Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0806, the
| | - Ennio Giordano
- Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Universitá di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80134, Italy, and the
| | - Rosaria Rendina
- Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Universitá di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80134, Italy, and the
| | - Janos Zempleni
- From the Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0806, the
- || Co-corresponding authors: J. Zempleni, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 316 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0806. Tel. 402-472-3270; Fax: 402-472-1587; E-mail: . J.C. Eissenberg, Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University Medical School, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63101; Tel. 314-977-9236; Fax: 314-977-9205; E-mail:
| | - Joel C. Eissenberg
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University Medical School, Saint Louis, MO 63101
- || Co-corresponding authors: J. Zempleni, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 316 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0806. Tel. 402-472-3270; Fax: 402-472-1587; E-mail: . J.C. Eissenberg, Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University Medical School, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63101; Tel. 314-977-9236; Fax: 314-977-9205; E-mail:
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Griffin JB, Rodriguez-Melendez R, Dode L, Wuytack F, Zempleni J. Biotin supplementation decreases the expression of the SERCA3 gene (ATP2A3) in Jurkat cells, thus, triggering unfolded protein response. J Nutr Biochem 2006; 17:272-81. [PMID: 16109482 PMCID: PMC1473219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2005] [Revised: 05/09/2005] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) depends on Ca(2+); uptake of Ca(2+) into the ER is mediated by sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 3 (SERCA3). The 5'-flanking region of the SERCA3 gene (ATP2A3) contains numerous binding sites for the transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3. Biotin affects the nuclear abundance of Sp1 and Sp3, which may act as transcriptional activators or repressors. Here we determined whether biotin affects the expression of the SERCA3 gene and, thus, protein folding in human lymphoid cells. Jurkat cells were cultured in media containing 0.025 nmol/L biotin (denoted "deficient") or 10 nmol/L biotin ("supplemented"). The transcriptional activity of the full-length human SERCA3 promoter was 50% lower in biotin-supplemented cells compared to biotin-deficient cells. Biotin-dependent repressors bind to elements located 731-1312 bp upstream from the transcription start site in the SERCA3 gene. The following suggest that low expression of SERCA3 in biotin-supplemented cells impaired folding of secretory proteins in the ER, triggering unfolded protein response: (i) sequestration of Ca(2+) in the ER decreased by 14-24% in response to biotin supplementation; (ii) secretion of interleukin-2 into the extracellular space decreased by 75% in response to biotin supplementation; (iii) the nuclear abundance of stress-induced transcription factors increased in response to biotin supplementation; and (iv) the abundance of stress-related proteins such ubiquitin activating enzyme 1, growth arrest and DNA damage 153 gene, X-box binding protein 1 and phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha increased in response to biotin supplementation. Collectively, this study suggests that supplements containing pharmacological doses of biotin may cause cell stress by impairing protein folding in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B. Griffin
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, and
| | - Rocio Rodriguez-Melendez
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, and
| | - Leonard Dode
- Laboratorium voor Fysiologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Wuytack
- Laboratorium voor Fysiologie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Janos Zempleni
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, and
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Abstract
Evidence is emerging that biotin participates in processes other than classical carboxylation reactions. Specifically, novel roles for biotin in cell signaling, gene expression, and chromatin structure have been identified in recent years. Human cells accumulate biotin by using both the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter and monocarboxylate transporter 1. These transporters and other biotin-binding proteins partition biotin to compartments involved in biotin signaling: cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nuclei. The activity of cell signals such as biotinyl-AMP, Sp1 and Sp3, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, and receptor tyrosine kinases depends on biotin supply. Consistent with a role for biotin and its catabolites in modulating these cell signals, greater than 2000 biotin-dependent genes have been identified in various human tissues. Many biotin-dependent gene products play roles in signal transduction and localize to the cell nucleus, consistent with a role for biotin in cell signaling. Posttranscriptional events related to ribosomal activity and protein folding may further contribute to effects of biotin on gene expression. Finally, research has shown that biotinidase and holocarboxylase synthetase mediate covalent binding of biotin to histones (DNA-binding proteins), affecting chromatin structure; at least seven biotinylation sites have been identified in human histones. Biotinylation of histones appears to play a role in cell proliferation, gene silencing, and the cellular response to DNA repair. Roles for biotin in cell signaling and chromatin structure are consistent with the notion that biotin has a unique significance in cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janos Zempleni
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences and Departments of Biochemistry and Animal Science, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0806, USA.
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Rodriguez-Melendez R, Griffin JB, Zempleni J. The expression of genes encoding ribosomal subunits and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A depends on biotin and bisnorbiotin in HepG2 cells. J Nutr Biochem 2005; 17:23-30. [PMID: 16081274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Biotin affects gene expression at both the transcriptional and the posttranscriptional level; biotin metabolites might have biotin-like activities with regard to gene expression. Here, human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells were used (i) to identify clusters of biotin-dependent genes, (ii) to determine whether the naturally occurring metabolite bisnorbiotin affects gene expression and (iii) to determine whether biotin and bisnorbiotin affect the expression of genes coding for ribosomal subunits and translation initiation factors. HepG2 cells were cultured in media containing deficient (0.025 nmol/L), physiological (0.25 nmol/L, control) and pharmacological (10 nmol/L) concentrations of biotin; a fourth treatment group consisted of cells cultured in biotin-deficient medium (0.025 nmol/L) supplemented with bisnorbiotin (0.225 nmol/L). Gene expression was quantified by using DNA microarrays and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The expression of 1803 genes depended on biotin concentrations in culture media; the expression of 618 genes depended on bisnorbiotin. Biotin deficiency was associated with increased expression of a gene cluster encoding ribosomal subunits and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A; this effect was reversed by supplementation with biotin and bisnorbiotin. Additional prominent clusters of (bisnor)biotin-dependent genes included DNA-, RNA-, and nucleotide-binding proteins, consistent with a role for biotin in cell signaling and gene expression. Collectively, these data suggest that bisnorbiotin has biotin-like activities regarding gene expression, and that clusters of (bisnor)biotin-dependent genes include genes that play roles in translational activity.
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Rodriguez-Melendez R, Griffin JB, Sarath G, Zempleni J. High-throughput immunoblotting identifies biotin-dependent signaling proteins in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells. J Nutr 2005; 135:1659-66. [PMID: 15987846 PMCID: PMC1224750 DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.7.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotin affects the abundance of mRNA coding for approximately 10% of genes expressed in human-derived hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells. Here, we determined whether effects of biotin on gene expression are associated with changes in the abundance of distinct proteins in cell signaling and structure. HepG2 cells were cultured in media containing the following concentrations of biotin: 0.025 nmol/L (denoted "deficient"), 0.25 nmol/L ("physiological" = control), and 10 nmol/L ("pharmacological") for 10 d before harvesting. The abundance of 1009 proteins from whole-cell extracts was quantified by using high-throughput immunoblots. The abundance of 44 proteins changed by at least 25% in biotin-deficient and biotin-supplemented cells compared with physiological controls. One third of these proteins participate in cell signaling. Specifically, proteins associated with receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling were identified as targets of biotin; the abundance of these proteins was greater in biotin-deficient cells than in controls. This was associated with increased DNA-binding activities of the transcription factors Fos and Jun, and increased expression of a reporter gene driven by activator protein (AP)1-binding elements in biotin-deficient cells compared with physiological controls. The abundance of selected signaling proteins was not paralleled by the abundance of mRNA, suggesting that biotin affects expression of these genes at a post-transcriptional step. Additional clusters of biotin-responsive proteins were identified that play roles in cytoskeleton homeostasis, nuclear structure and transport, and neuroscience. This study is consistent with the existence of clusters of biotin-responsive proteins in distinct biological processes, including signaling by Fos/Jun; the latter might mediate the proinflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of biotin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Janos Zempleni
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences
- Departments of Biochemistry and Animal Science, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
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Rodriguez-Melendez R, Griffin JB, Zempleni J. Biotin supplementation increases expression of the cytochrome P450 1B1 gene in Jurkat cells, increasing the occurrence of single-stranded DNA breaks. J Nutr 2004; 134:2222-8. [PMID: 15333708 DOI: 10.1093/jn/134.9.2222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA microarray studies provided evidence that biotin supplementation increases the abundance of mRNA encoding cytochrome P(450) 1B1 (CYP1B1) in human lymphocytes. CYP1B1 hydroxylates procarcinogens, generating electrophilic mutagens. Here, we sought to identify the signaling pathways that increase the expression of CYP1B1 in biotin-supplemented human T (Jurkat) cells and to determine whether activation of the CYP1B1 gene is associated with increased occurrence of single-stranded DNA breaks. Jurkat cells were cultured in biotin-deficient (0.025 nmol/L) and biotin-supplemented (10 nmol/L) media. The transcriptional activity of a CYP1B1 reporter gene construct was 24% greater in biotin-supplemented compared with biotin-deficient cells (P < 0.01). Similarly, the abundance of CYP1B1 mRNA was 72% greater in biotin-supplemented than in biotin-deficient cells (P < 0.05). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays suggested that Sp1 sites in the regulatory region of the CYP1B1 gene play important roles in transcriptional activation by biotin. The abundance of CYP1B1 protein and activity of CYP1B1 were 124 and 35% greater, respectively, in biotin-supplemented compared with biotin-deficient cells (P < 0.05). The increased expression of CYP1B1 in biotin-supplemented cells was associated with an increase in the occurrence of single-stranded DNA breaks compared with biotin-deficient cells; synthetic inhibitors of CYP1B1 prevented strand breaks, suggesting that the effects of biotin were specific for CYP1B1. These studies provide evidence that transcription factors with an affinity for Sp1 sites mediate transcriptional activation of the CYP1B1 gene in biotin-supplemented T cells, increasing the occurrence of single-stranded DNA breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Rodriguez-Melendez
- Departments of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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