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The Hepatoprotective Effect of Taurisolo, a Nutraceutical Enriched in Resveratrol and Polyphenols, Involves Activation of Mitochondrial Metabolism in Mice Liver. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050410. [PMID: 32403305 PMCID: PMC7278674 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases affect millions of people worldwide. In most of the cases, severe hepatic dysfunction and liver cancer stem from mild and common clinical signs including hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, liver inflammation, and oxidative stress, all together referred to as Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Nutraceuticals endowed with antioxidant activity have been shown to reduce NAFLD risk factors and exert hepatoprotective effects. Here, we test the protective effect exerted on liver by the antioxidant Taurisolo, a nutraceutical formulation produced by grape pomace and enriched in Resveratrol and Polyphenols. We analyze the effect of Taurisolo on liver cells by profiling the metabolome of in vitro cultured hepatic HuH7 cells and of C57BL-6J mice fed a High Fat Diet and treated with the nutraceutical. Both in vitro and in vivo, we provide evidence that Taurisolo reduces risk factor markers associated with NAFLD. Taurisolo stimulates glucose uptake and reduces hepatic cholesterol and serum triglycerides. Furthermore, we give new insights into the mechanism of action of Taurisolo. The nutraceutical increases mitochondrial activity and promotes respiration and ATP production, fostering catabolic reactions like fatty acid β-oxidation and amino acid catabolism. On the contrary, Taurisolo reduces anabolic reactions like biosynthesis of cholesterol, bile acids, and plasma membrane lipids.
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Mbuthia KS, Mireji PO, Ngure RM, Stomeo F, Kyallo M, Muoki C, Wachira FN. Tea (Camellia sinensis) infusions ameliorate cancer in 4TI metastatic breast cancer model. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:202. [PMID: 28388918 PMCID: PMC5383982 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea (Camellia sinensis) infusions are widely consumed beverages with numerous health benefits. However, physiological and molecular responses mediating these activities are poorly understood. METHOD Three replicates of 4TI cancer cell suspension (2.0 × 105 cells/ml) were challenged in vitro with various concentrations of green, black and purple tea infusions to asseses their cytoxicity and associated differentially expressed genes in the cells. Inhibitory activity was tested by using serial dilutions of respective tea infusions in a 96 well ELISA plate. RESULTS Green tea had the highest inhibition on 4TI cells proliferation at a concentration of IC50 = 13.12 μg/ml. Further analysis of the 4TI cancer cell line treated with tea using 454 pyrosequencing generated 425,696 reads with an input mean length of 286.54. Trimmed sequences were imported on a CLC genomic workbench v7.03 and annotated on a reference mouse genome (Mus musculus strain C57BL/6 J). Results revealed a differential expression of apoptosis related genes in the transcriptome. Casp8, Casp9, Casp3, Casp6, Casp8AP2, Aifm1, Aifm2 and Apopt1 genes were significantly upregulated indicating the process of apoptosis was initiated and executed. CONCLUSION These findings on caspases offer valuable information on the mechanism of tea as an anticancer agent and will contribute to further research in future novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karori S. Mbuthia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O Box 536 20115, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Paul O. Mireji
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, 607 Laboratory of Epidemiology and Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| | - Raphael M. Ngure
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Egerton University, P.O Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Francesca Stomeo
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa- International Livestock Research Institute, (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P.O Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Martina Kyallo
- Biosciences eastern and central Africa- International Livestock Research Institute, (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P.O Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Chalo Muoki
- Crop Improvement and Management Programme, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Organisation-Tea Research Institute (KARLO-TRI), P.O Box 820-20200, Kericho, Kenya
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Kozarski M, Klaus A, Jakovljevic D, Todorovic N, Niksic M, Vrvic MM, van Griensven LJLD. Dietary polysaccharide extracts of Agaricus brasiliensis fruiting bodies: chemical characterization and bioactivities at different levels of purification. Food Res Int 2014; 64:53-64. [PMID: 30011685 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides of the European strain of A. brasiliensis were obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation (HWPE I) of fruiting bodies, and further purified by dialysis (HWPE II) and pronase incubation (PPE). These polysaccharides consisted mainly of (1→6)-β-d-glucans. PPE was free of proteins and polyphenols as demonstrated by quantitative assays and NMR profiling. They showed a clear IFN-γ inducing activity in human PBMCs, which suggests these polysaccharides to have proinflammatory effects. Treatment by β-glucosidase caused the polysaccharides to be degraded into smaller fragments and at the same time increased their IFN-γ inducing activity in PBMCs fourfold. In vitro, PPE showed a dose-dependent inhibition of the proliferation of the human leukemia Jurkat cell. At 100μg/mL the cells' viability was decreased by appr. 51% compared to the control. EPR spin trapping demonstrated a high antioxidative activity against •OH and •O2- radicals of HWPE I and PPE. Further, the results of the antioxidant assays indicated that antioxidant activity against •OH radicals in the Fenton system was achieved through scavenging or through chelating iron mechanisms. The good immunomodulating and antioxidative properties of A. brasiliensis polysaccharide extract obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation make it suitable for everyday use as an inexpensive dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kozarski
- Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade 11080, Serbia
| | - Anita Klaus
- Department for Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade 11080, Serbia
| | - Dragica Jakovljevic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | - Nina Todorovic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | - Miomir Niksic
- Department for Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Belgrade 11080, Serbia
| | - Miroslav M Vrvic
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoseva 12, Belgrade 11001, Serbia; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Leo J L D van Griensven
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Joana Gil-Chávez G, Villa JA, Fernando Ayala-Zavala J, Basilio Heredia J, Sepulveda D, Yahia EM, González-Aguilar GA. Technologies for Extraction and Production of Bioactive Compounds to be Used as Nutraceuticals and Food Ingredients: An Overview. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Joana Gil-Chávez
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Alimentaci'on y Desarrollo; A.C., Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6; AP1735; Hermosillo 83000; Sonora; M'exico
| | - José A. Villa
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Alimentaci'on y Desarrollo; A.C., Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6; AP1735; Hermosillo 83000; Sonora; M'exico
| | - J. Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Alimentaci'on y Desarrollo; A.C., Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6; AP1735; Hermosillo 83000; Sonora; M'exico
| | - J. Basilio Heredia
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Alimentaci'on y Desarrollo; A.C., AP 32-A; Culiac'an 80129; Sinaloa; M'exico
| | - David Sepulveda
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Alimentaci'on y Desarrollo; A.C., AP 781; Ciudad Cuauht'emoc 31570; Chihuahua; M'exico
| | - Elhadi M. Yahia
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Univ. Aut'onoma de Quer'etaro; Quer'etaro 76230; Quer'etaro; M'exico
| | - Gustavo A. González-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaci'on en Alimentaci'on y Desarrollo; A.C., Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6; AP1735; Hermosillo 83000; Sonora; M'exico
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Abstract
Pomegranate is an ancient fruit that is still part of the diet in the Mediterranean area, the Middle East, and India. Health-promoting effects have long been attributed to this fruit. Modern research corroborates the use of pomegranate as a folk remedy for diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and is responsible for a new evaluation of nutritional and pharmaceutical aspects of pomegranate in the general public. In the last decade, industry and agricultural production have been adapted to meet higher market demands for pomegranate. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that pomegranate exerts hypoglycaemic effects, including increased insulin sensitivity, inhibition of α-glucosidase, and impact on glucose transporter type 4 function, but is also responsible for a reduction of total cholesterol, and the improvement of blood lipid profiles, as well as anti-inflammatory effects through the modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathways. These effects may also explain how pomegranate-derived compounds function in the amelioration of adverse health effects caused by metabolic syndrome. Pomegranate contains polyphenols such as ellagitannins and anthocyanins, as well as phenolic acids, fatty acids and a variety of volatile compounds. Ellagitannins are some of the most prevalent compounds present in pomegranate, and may be responsible for certain benevolent characteristics associated with pomegranate. A brief overview of rising health problems due to obesity will be provided, followed by characterisation of the biological activity, bioavailability, and safety of pomegranate and pomegranate-derived compounds. Although the fruit is consumed in many countries, epidemiological and clinical studies are unavailable. Additional research is necessary to corroborate the promise of current in vivo and in vitro findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svjetlana Medjakovic
- Department of Biotechnology, Christian-Doppler-Laboratory of Receptor Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Affiliation(s)
- C.I. Onwulata
- USDA-ARS Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038;
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Inhibition of TLR ligand- and interferon gamma-induced murine microglial activation by Panax notoginseng. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2011; 7:465-76. [PMID: 22183805 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-011-9333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Among the many products which influence microglial activation and resulting neuroinflammation, herbal medicine has recently drawn much attention due to its immunomodulatory and neuroprotective activities. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of an extract of Panax notoginseng (NotoG™) on TLR ligand- and IFNγ-induced activation in N9 and EOC20 microglial cells lines. NotoG suppressed microglial activation as measured by reduced expression of accessory molecules (CD40 and CD86), decreased production of inflammatory mediators (IL-6 and TNFα), and diminished release of antibacterial products (nitric oxide). Furthermore, this immunosuppressive activity was neither dependent on the glucocorticoid receptor, nor the result of a single ginsenosides (Rb1, Rg1, or Re), which are the major active constituents of the whole extract. NotoG and select ginsenosides may therefore be of therapeutic benefit in treating or preventing neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis and parkinson's disease.
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Borochov-Neori H, Judeinstein S, Greenberg A, Fuhrman B, Attias J, Volkova N, Hayek T, Aviram M. Phenolic antioxidants and antiatherogenic effects of Marula (Sclerocarrya birrea Subsp. caffra) fruit juice in healthy humans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:9884-9891. [PMID: 18844360 DOI: 10.1021/jf801467m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant activity and composition of Israeli-grown marula ( Sclerocarrya birrea subsp. caffra) fruit juice and health-promoting aspects of juice consumption on serum lipids and lipoproteins pattern in healthy volunteers were studied. Marula juice was found to contain high vitamin C and potassium levels and low sugar concentration (267 mg dL (-1), 328 mg dL (-1), and 7.3 g dL (-1), respectively). The juice contains a significant level of phenolics (56 mg of pyrogallol equiv dL (-1)) and was found to be a potent antioxidant (382 mg of vitamin C equiv dL (-1)). The antioxidant activity was resistant to pasteurization regimens and long-term freezing and slowly decreased during refrigeration, losing up to 14% of its capacity after 4 weeks. Three-week administration of the juice as a food supplement to healthy subjects significantly reduced their serum total cholesterol (by 8%), LDL-cholesterol concentration (by 17%), and triglyceride level (by 7%), increased their serum HDL-cholesterol level (by 10%), and attenuated serum oxidative stress. Upon a 4 week "washout" period, most of these parameters returned toward baseline values. Separation of the juice soluble phenolics by HPLC produced potent antioxidant fractions, tentatively containing hydrolyzable tannins, catechins, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, which could be responsible for the observed protection against atherosclerosis risk factors following marula fruit juice consumption.
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Different types of tea products attenuate inflammation induced in Trypanosoma brucei infected mice. Parasitol Int 2008; 57:325-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Sorrenti V, Mazza F, Campisi A, Di Giacomo C, Acquaviva R, Vanella L, Galvano F. Heme oxygenase induction by cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside in cultured human endothelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007; 51:580-6. [PMID: 17440991 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200600204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to investigate the effect of cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucoside (C3G) on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and dimethylarginine dimethylamino hydrolase-2 (DDAH-2) expression in cultured endothelial cells. Different concentrations (0.00625-250 microM) of C3G were tested in order to investigate possible beneficial and harmful effects of C3G. Our data demonstrated that C3G increased the induction of eNOS and HO-1 in a dose-dependent manner. Higher concentration (62.5-250 microM) also resulted in increase of isoprostane, cGMP and PGE2 levels and in induction of iNOS with consequent oxidative stress. In conclusion, our data evidence that C3G may exert various protective effects against endothelial dysfunction, whereas potentially harmful effects of C3G appear to be limited to concentrations very difficult to be reached in physiological conditions unless there is abundant oral supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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