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Sanusi KO, Abubakar MB, Ibrahim KG, Imam MU. Transgenerational impact of maternal zinc deficiency on offspring metabolic outcomes in Drosophila melanogaster. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 130:109669. [PMID: 38754792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Maternal zinc deficiency significantly influences fetal development and long-term health outcomes, yet its transgenerational effects remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the transgenerational effects of maternal zinc deficiency on metabolic outcomes in Drosophila melanogaster. Zinc deficiency was induced in Drosophila by incorporating TPEN (N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine) into their diet. Offspring (F1 to F3) were maintained on a standard diet for subsequent analyses. Various metabolic markers, including glucose, trehalose, glycogen, and triglyceride levels, were assessed, and gene expression analyses were conducted to examine the molecular responses across generations. Significant reductions in locomotor performance in female F1 flies and increased body weight in the F2 generation were observed. Maternal zinc deficiency exhibited gender- and generation-specific impacts on metabolic markers. Notably, an adaptive response in the F3 generation included increased catalase activity and total antioxidant capacity, along with decreased malondialdehyde levels. Gene expression analyses revealed upregulation of DILP2 mRNA across generations and significant variations in PEPCK, SOD1, CAT, EGR, and UPD2 mRNA levels, demonstrating intricate responses to maternal zinc deficiency. This study provides a holistic understanding of the consequences of maternal zinc deficiency, emphasizing the complex interplay between zinc status and metabolic outcomes across generations in Drosophila. These findings lay the foundation for future research elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms, with potential implications for humans. The insights gained contribute to informing targeted interventions aimed at optimizing offspring health in the context of maternal zinc deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaldeen Olalekan Sanusi
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria; Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin 1601, Nigeria
| | - Murtala Bello Abubakar
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Kasimu Ghandi Ibrahim
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria; Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13110, Jordan; School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, Republic of South of Africa
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- Centre for Advanced Medical Research and Training, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 2346, Nigeria.
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2
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Luan J, Feng X, Yang D, Yang M, Jin Y, Zhang M, Geng C. Dietary supplementation of active dry yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to finishing bulls: effects on growth performance, blood hormones, fatty acid concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract and trace mineral elements utilisation. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2164747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Luan
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Dongxu Yang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yinghai Jin
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Chunyin Geng
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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3
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Costa MI, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Gonçalves AC. Zinc: From Biological Functions to Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054822. [PMID: 36902254 PMCID: PMC10003636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The trace element zinc (Zn) displays a wide range of biological functions. Zn ions control intercellular communication and intracellular events that maintain normal physiological processes. These effects are achieved through the modulation of several Zn-dependent proteins, including transcription factors and enzymes of key cell signaling pathways, namely those involved in proliferation, apoptosis, and antioxidant defenses. Efficient homeostatic systems carefully regulate intracellular Zn concentrations. However, perturbed Zn homeostasis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic human diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, depression, Wilson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other age-related diseases. This review focuses on Zn's roles in cell proliferation, survival/death, and DNA repair mechanisms, outlines some biological Zn targets, and addresses the therapeutic potential of Zn supplementation in some human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês Costa
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)—Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)—Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Hematology Service, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR)—Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-480-023
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4
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Beaver LM, Song Y, Philbrick KA, Wong CP, Olson DA, Branscum AJ, Turner RT, Ho E, Iwaniec UT. Severe Zinc Deficiency Impairs Accrual of Bone in Rapidly Growing Rats That Is Partially Corrected Following Short-term Zinc Repletion. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03456-4. [PMID: 36348174 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency impairs bone growth. However, the precise skeletal effects of varying levels of Zn deficiency and response to subsequent Zn repletion on the growing skeleton are incompletely understood. To address this gap in knowledge, we investigated the effects of dietary Zn ((severe deficiency (< 0.5 mg Zn/kg diet) and short-term Zn repletion (30 mg/kg diet), marginal deficiency (6 mg Zn/kg diet)) on bone mass, density, and cortical and cancellous bone microarchitecture in growing male Sprague Dawley rats. Marginal Zn intake for 42 days had no effect on bone mass or cortical and cancellous bone microarchitecture. Twenty-one days of severe Zn deficiency lowered serum osteocalcin and C terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1), decreased tibial bone mineral content and density, and lowered cross-sectional volume, cortical volume, and cortical thickness in tibial diaphysis as compared to both Zn-adequate (30 mg/kg diet) and pair-fed controls. Severe Zn deficiency similarly lowered cancellous bone volume in proximal tibial metaphysis. Zn repletion (10 days) accelerated weight gain, indicative of catch-up growth, normalized CTX-1 and osteocalcin, but did not normalize bone mass (unadjusted and adjusted for body weight) or cortical and cancellous bone microarchitecture. In summary, severe but not marginal Zn deficiency in rapidly growing rats impaired acquisition of cortical and cancellous bone, resulting in abnormalities in bone microarchitecture. Zn repletion accelerated weight gain compared to Zn-adequate controls but absence of a compensatory increase in serum osteocalcin or bone mass suggests Zn repletion may be insufficient to fully counteract the detrimental effects of prior Zn deficiency on skeletal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Beaver
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kenneth A Philbrick
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Carmen P Wong
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Dawn A Olson
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Adam J Branscum
- Biostatistics Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Russell T Turner
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Urszula T Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
- Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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Liao S, Omage SO, Börmel L, Kluge S, Schubert M, Wallert M, Lorkowski S. Vitamin E and Metabolic Health: Relevance of Interactions with Other Micronutrients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091785. [PMID: 36139859 PMCID: PMC9495493 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A hundred years have passed since vitamin E was identified as an essential micronutrient for mammals. Since then, many biological functions of vitamin E have been unraveled in both cell and animal models, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as regulatory activities on cell signaling and gene expression. However, the bioavailability and physiological functions of vitamin E have been considerably shown to depend on lifestyle, genetic factors, and individual health conditions. Another important facet that has been considered less so far is the endogenous interaction with other nutrients. Accumulating evidence indicates that the interaction between vitamin E and other nutrients, especially those that are enriched by supplementation in humans, may explain at least some of the discrepancies observed in clinical trials. Meanwhile, increasing evidence suggests that the different forms of vitamin E metabolites and derivates also exhibit physiological activities, which are more potent and mediated via different pathways compared to the respective vitamin E precursors. In this review, possible molecular mechanisms between vitamin E and other nutritional factors are discussed and their potential impact on physiological and pathophysiological processes is evaluated using published co-supplementation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liao
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sylvia Oghogho Omage
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Lisa Börmel
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Schubert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wallert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
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6
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Ho E, Wong CP, King JC. Impact of zinc on DNA integrity and age-related inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:391-397. [PMID: 34921929 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dr. Bruce Ames was a pioneer in understanding the role of oxidative stress and DNA damage, and in the 1990s began to make connections between micronutrient deficiencies and DNA damage. Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human health and a key component for the function of numerous cellular processes. In particular, zinc plays a critical role in cellular antioxidant defense, the maintenance of DNA integrity and is also essential for the normal development and function of the immune system. This review highlights the work helping connect zinc deficiency to oxidative stress, susceptibility to DNA damage and chronic inflammation that was initiated while working with Dr. Ames. This review outlines the body of work in this area, from cells to humans. The article also reviews the unique challenges of maintaining zinc status as we age and the interplay between zinc deficiency and age-related inflammation and immune dysfunction. Several micronutrient deficiencies, including zinc deficiency, can drastically affect the risk of many chronic diseases and underscores the importance of adequate nutrition for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, 101 Milam Hall, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Carmen P Wong
- Linus Pauling Institute, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, 101 Milam Hall, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Janet C King
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, USA
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7
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Acute dietary zinc deficiency in rats exacerbates myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury through depletion of glutathione. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:961-973. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractZn plays an important role in maintaining the anti-oxidant status within the heart and helps to counter the acute redox stress that occurs during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion. Individuals with low Zn levels are at greater risk of developing an acute myocardial infarction; however, the impact of this on the extent of myocardial injury is unknown. The present study aimed to compare the effects of dietary Zn depletion with in vitro removal of Zn (N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (TPEN)) on the outcome of acute myocardial infarction and vascular function. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed either a Zn-adequate (35 mg Zn/kg diet) or Zn-deficient (<1 mg Zn/kg diet) diet for 2 weeks before heart isolation. Perfused hearts were subjected to a 30 min ischaemia/2 h reperfusion (I/R) protocol, during which time ventricular arrhythmias were recorded and after which infarct size was measured, along with markers of anti-oxidant status. In separate experiments, hearts were challenged with the Zn chelator TPEN (10 µm) before ischaemia onset. Both dietary and TPEN-induced Zn depletion significantly extended infarct size; dietary Zn depletion was associated with reduced total cardiac glutathione (GSH) levels, while TPEN decreased cardiac superoxide dismutase 1 levels. TPEN, but not dietary Zn depletion, also suppressed ventricular arrhythmias and depressed vascular responses to nitric oxide. These findings demonstrate that both modes of Zn depletion worsen the outcome from I/R but through different mechanisms. Dietary Zn deficiency, resulting in reduced cardiac GSH, is the most appropriate model for determining the role of endogenous Zn in I/R injury.
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Dashner-Titus EJ, Hoover J, Li L, Lee JH, Du R, Liu KJ, Traber MG, Ho E, Lewis J, Hudson LG. Metal exposure and oxidative stress markers in pregnant Navajo Birth Cohort Study participants. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:484-492. [PMID: 29723666 PMCID: PMC6381929 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.04.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of soil and water by waste from abandoned uranium mines has led to chronic exposures to metal mixtures in Native American communities. Our previous work demonstrated that community exposures to mine waste increase the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease, as well as the likelihood of developing multiple chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension and kidney disease. Exposure to various environmental metals is associated with elevated oxidative stress, which is considered a contributor to these and other chronic disease states. The purpose of the current research was to assess potential associations between exposure to uranium and arsenic and evidence for increased oxidative stress as measured by urinary F2 -isoprostanes in pregnant women enrolled in the Navajo Birth Cohort Study. The current study also included an analysis of zinc as a potential mediator of oxidative stress in the study population. Urinary arsenic and uranium, serum zinc and urinary F2 -isoprostanes were measured for each study participant at enrollment. Study participants were pregnant women with median age of 26.8; 18.9% were enrolled in the 1st trimester, 44.7% were enrolled in the 2nd trimester, and 36.4% were enrolled in the 3rd trimester. Median urinary metal levels were 5.5 and 0.016 µg/g creatinine for arsenic and uranium, respectively. Multivariable regression analysis indicated a significant association between arsenic exposure and the lipid peroxidation product 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, controlling for zinc and trimester. No associations were detected with uranium despite evidence that levels were in the Navajo Birth Cohort samples were 2.3 times the median reported for women in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-12). Zinc was not found to have any causal mediation of the effects of the other metals on oxidative stress. The current work is consistent with other studies that have detected an association between arsenic and elevated oxidative stress. In contrast to arsenic, uranium did not appear to increase oxidative stress response in this study population. These findings are relevant to assessing the potential human impact of chronic exposure to mixed metal waste from abandoned uranium mines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J Dashner-Titus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Joseph Hoover
- Community Environmental Health Program, College Of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Luo Li
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, The UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA; UNM METALS Biostatistics and Data Management (BDM) Core (Luo, Senior author for BDM team).
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Division of Quantitative Sciences and Biostatistics Shared Resource, University of Florida Health Cancer Center Gainsville , FL 32601, USA.
| | - Ruofei Du
- Biostatistics Shared Resource, The UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA; UNM METALS Biostatistics and Data Management (BDM) Core (Luo, Senior author for BDM team).
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Moore Family Center for Whole Grain Foods, Nutrition & Preventive Health, School of Biological & Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health & Human Sciences, 211 Milam Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Johnnye Lewis
- Community Environmental Health Program, College Of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Levine KE, Collins BJ, Stout MD, Wyde M, Afton SE, Essader AS, Ennis TJ, Amato KE, McWilliams AC, Fletcher BL, Fernando RA, Harrington JM, Catlin N, Robinson VG, Waidyanatha S. Characterization of Zinc Carbonate Basic as a Source of Zinc in a Rodent Study Investigating the Effects of Dietary Deficiency or Excess. ANAL LETT 2017; 50:2447-2464. [PMID: 30930463 DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1293073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Zinc deficiency and excess can result in adverse health outcomes. There is conflicting evidence regarding whether excess or deficient zinc in the diet can contribute to carcinogenicity. The objective of this study was to characterize zinc carbonate basic for use as a source of dietary zinc in a rodent toxicity and carcinogenicity study investigating the effects of zinc deficiency and excess. Because of the complex chemistries of zinc carbonate basic compounds, inconsistent nomenclature, and literature and reference spectra gaps, it was necessary to employ multiple analytical techniques, including Karl Fischer titration, combustion analysis, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analysis to characterize the test article. Based on the collective evidence and through the process of elimination, the test article was found to be composed mainly of zinc carbonate basic with zinc oxide as a minor component. The zinc content was determined to be 56.6% (w/w) with heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead below the limit of quantitation of less than or equal to 0.01%. The test material was stable at ambient temperature. Based on the work described in this manuscript, the test article was suitable for use as a source of zinc in studies of deficiency and excess in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith E Levine
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Bradley J Collins
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, MD EC-06, P.O. Box 12233, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Matthew D Stout
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, MD EC-06, P.O. Box 12233, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Michael Wyde
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, MD EC-06, P.O. Box 12233, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Scott E Afton
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Amal S Essader
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Todd J Ennis
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Kelly E Amato
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Andrea C McWilliams
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Brenda L Fletcher
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Reshan A Fernando
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - James M Harrington
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Natasha Catlin
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, MD EC-06, P.O. Box 12233, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Veronica G Robinson
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, MD EC-06, P.O. Box 12233, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Suramya Waidyanatha
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, MD EC-06, P.O. Box 12233, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
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10
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Wilson RL, Grieger JA, Bianco-Miotto T, Roberts CT. Association between Maternal Zinc Status, Dietary Zinc Intake and Pregnancy Complications: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2016; 8:E641. [PMID: 27754451 PMCID: PMC5084028 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate zinc stores in the body are extremely important during periods of accelerated growth. However, zinc deficiency is common in developing countries and low maternal circulating zinc concentrations have previously been associated with pregnancy complications. We reviewed current literature assessing circulating zinc and dietary zinc intake during pregnancy and the associations with preeclampsia (PE); spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB); low birthweight (LBW); and gestational diabetes (GDM). Searches of MEDLINE; CINAHL and Scopus databases identified 639 articles and 64 studies were reviewed. In 10 out of 16 studies a difference was reported with respect to circulating zinc between women who gave birth to a LBW infant (≤2500 g) and those who gave birth to an infant of adequate weight (>2500 g), particularly in populations where inadequate zinc intake is prevalent. In 16 of our 33 studies an association was found between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and circulating zinc; particularly in women with severe PE (blood pressure ≥160/110 mmHg). No association between maternal zinc status and sPTB or GDM was seen; however; direct comparisons between the studies was difficult. Furthermore; only a small number of studies were based on women from populations where there is a high risk of zinc deficiency. Therefore; the link between maternal zinc status and pregnancy success in these populations cannot be established. Future studies should focus on those vulnerable to zinc deficiency and include dietary zinc intake as a measure of zinc status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Wilson
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Jessica A Grieger
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Tina Bianco-Miotto
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Claire T Roberts
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
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11
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Yu X, Chen W, Wei Z, Ren T, Yang X, Yu X. Effects of maternal mild zinc deficiency and different ways of zinc supplementation for offspring on learning and memory. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:29467. [PMID: 26829185 PMCID: PMC4734033 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.29467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of different ways of zinc supplementation on spatial learning and memory remains unclear. Objectives This study aims to assess the effectiveness of two ways of zinc supplementation – oral use and intravenous transfusion – in zinc-deficient offspring rats on learning and memory. Design Rats were randomly divided into six groups on the first day of pregnancy (n=12): control (CO), pair fed (PF), zinc deprived (ZD), oral zinc supplementation (OZS), injection zinc supplementation (IZS), and injection control. The offspring's spatial learning and memory were tested at postnatal day 35 using Morris water maze (MWM). Maternal rats’ serum zinc was measured at postnatal day 21, while pups’ serum zinc was measured at postnatal day 35. Results Compared with the CO and PF groups, pups in ZD group spent more time finding the latent platform and swam longer distances (p<0.05). Compared with ZD groups, pups in OZS group significantly decreased the time used for finding the platform and the swimming distance (p<0.05) and were similar to that of CO and PF groups (p>0.05). However, compared with ZD groups, pups in IZS did not show any improvement in the indexes of MWM (p>0.05) although their zinc serum concentration increased significantly (p<0.05). Conclusions These results indicate that mild zinc deficiency during pregnancy and lactation leads to the impairment of learning and memory function in offspring, and that OZS, instead of intravenous transfusion zinc supplementation, can recover the impairment of spatial learning and memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Yu
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wei
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhong Ren
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
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12
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Xie DX, Xiong YL, Zeng C, Wei J, Yang T, Li H, Wang YL, Gao SG, Li YS, Lei GH. Association between low dietary zinc and hyperuricaemia in middle-aged and older males in China: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e008637. [PMID: 26463222 PMCID: PMC4606382 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between dietary zinc intake and hyperuricaemia. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING This study was conducted in a health examination centre of China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 5168 middle-aged and older participants (aged 40 years or above) (2697 men and 2471 women) were included. OUTCOME MEASURES Dietary zinc intake was assessed using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Hyperuricaemia was defined as uric acid ≥416 µmol/L for males and ≥360 µmol/L for females. RESULTS For males, the prevalence of hyperuricaemia was 22.9%. After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI) and energy intake, the ORs were 0.68 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.92) in the second quintile, 0.63 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.89) in the third quintile, 0.68 (95% CI 0.46 to 1.00) in the fourth quintile and 0.55 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.87) in the fifth quintile comparing the lowest quintile of Zn intake, respectively (p for trend=0.03). In the multivariable adjusted model, the relative odds of hyperuricaemia were significantly decreased by 0.71 times in the second quintile of zinc intake (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.98), 0.64 times in the third quintile (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.94) and 0.55 times in the fifth quintile (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.97) compared with those in the lowest quintile, and p for trend was 0.064. For females, the prevalence of hyperuricaemia was 10.0%, and unadjusted, minimally adjusted as well as multivariable adjusted ORs all suggested no significant association between dietary zinc intake and hyperuricaemia. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this cross-sectional study indicated that dietary zinc intake was inversely associated with hyperuricaemia in middle-aged and older males, but not in females. The association was significant after considering the influence of age, BMI and energy intake, and after that, minimum adjustment remained independent of further confounding factors such as vitamin C intake, alcohol drinking status and nutrient supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-xing Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-lin Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-lun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shu-guang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu-sheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guang-hua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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13
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Jing M, Rech L, Wu Y, Goltz D, Taylor CG, House JD. Effects of zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation on homocysteine levels and related enzyme expression in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 30:77-82. [PMID: 25467853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methionine synthase (MS) and betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) are both zinc (Zn)-dependent methyltransferases and involved in the methylation of homocysteine. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Zn supply on homocysteine levels and expression of the two enzymes in growing rats. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly to four dietary groups (n=8/group) for 3 weeks: Zn deficient (ZD; <1mg Zn/kg); Zn control (ZC; 30mg Zn/kg); Zn supplemented (ZS; 300mg Zn/kg); pair fed (PF; 30mg Zn/kg) to the ZD group. Serum and femur Zn concentrations were 83% and 58% lower in ZD, and 49% and 62% higher in ZS compared to ZC (P<0.001), respectively. The ZD rats had lower feed intake (37%), body weight gains (45%), liver (43%) and kidney (31%) weights than those of ZC (P<0.001), but these parameters in ZD were not significantly different from the PF controls. Serum homocysteine concentrations were 65% higher in ZD compared to PF (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in serum folate levels between ZD and PF groups. The mRNA expression of liver and kidney MS was 57% and 38% lower in ZD than PF (P<0.001), respectively. Hepatic and renal BHMT mRNA levels were not altered in ZD compared to controls. The aforementioned measurements were not significantly different between ZS and ZC groups, except Zn levels. These results demonstrated that homocysteine homeostasis appeared to be disturbed by Zn deficiency but not Zn supplementation, and elevated serum homocysteine might be due to reduced expression of MS during Zn deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Jing
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Leslie Rech
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Yinghong Wu
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Douglas Goltz
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental and Science Complex, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Carla G Taylor
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - James D House
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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14
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Kaluza J, Madej D. Effect of iron and zinc supplementation and its discontinuation on lipid profile in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2014; 28:298-302. [PMID: 24814163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate whether combined iron/zinc supplementation is more beneficial than iron supplementation alone from the perspective of the lipid profile in rats. The study was conducted on 6-week male Wistar rats in 3 stages: (1) 4-week adaptation to the diets: C (AIN-93M) and D (mineral mix without iron); (2) 4-week supplementation: 10-times more iron or iron and zinc compared to C; (3) 2-week post-supplementation period (the same diets as in the first stage). The iron and zinc content in serum was measured using ASA. Total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were determined. After 4-week supplementation (stage II) and post-supplementation (stage III) periods combined iron/zinc supplementation decreased HDL-C and increased non-HDL-C concentrations in control rats, and in contrast to iron supplementation alone TG concentration decreased. After stage II combined iron/zinc supplementation did not result in increased non-HDL-C and TG concentrations in iron deficient rats in contrast to iron supplementation alone. After stage III both iron and simultaneous iron/zinc supplementation were the cause of TC increase which was the result of the increase of non-HDL-C but not HDL-C concentration in iron deficient rats. In conclusion, there were no beneficial effects of simultaneous iron and zinc supplementation on the lipid profile of rats fed control and iron deficient diets. Combined iron and zinc supplementation may contribute to lower HDL-C and higher non-HDL-C concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kaluza
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dawid Madej
- Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Bekhit AEDA, Hopkins DL, Fahri FT, Ponnampalam EN. Oxidative Processes in Muscle Systems and Fresh Meat: Sources, Markers, and Remedies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013; 12:565-597. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David L. Hopkins
- NSW Dept. of Primary Industries; Centre for Red Meat and Sheep Development; PO Box 129; Cowra; NSW; Australia
| | - Fahri T. Fahri
- Australian Meat Processor Corp. Ltd., 460 Pacific Highway; St Leonards; NSW 2065; Australia
| | - Eric N. Ponnampalam
- Future Farming Systems Research Div.; Dept. of Primary Industries; Werribee; Victoria 3030; Australia
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16
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Yu X, Jin L, Zhang X, Yu X. Effects of maternal mild zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation in offspring on spatial memory and hippocampal neuronal ultrastructural changes. Nutrition 2013; 29:457-61. [PMID: 23312766 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Knowledge about the hippocampal morphologic mechanisms of learning and memory for maternal mild zinc deficiency during pregnancy/lactation followed by zinc supplementation of pups after weaning is limited. This study examined the effects of zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation on cognition and hippocampal neurons. METHODS One-day pregnant rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12): control (CO), pair-fed (PF), zinc-deprived (ZD), and oral zinc-supplemented (OZS). The CO and PF groups were fed a control diet (zinc 25 μg/g diet), and the others were fed a mildly zinc-deficient diet (zinc 2 μg/g diet) during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning (day 21), offspring in the OZS group were switched to a control diet. After 35 d, the behavioral function of the offspring was tested with the Morris water maze test. The ultrastructure of the hippocampal CA3 area was observed under a transmission electron microscope. RESULTS Compared with the CO and PF groups, rats in the ZD group spent more time finding the latent platform and swam longer distances (P < 0.05). The time used finding the platform and the swimming distance in the OZS group were similar to those in the CO and PF groups (P > 0.05). In addition, apoptotic neuronal changes in the hippocampus were observed in the ZD group, whereas the reversal of neuronal morphologic changes was observed in the OZS group. CONCLUSION The changes in hippocampal neuron morphology were consistent with the changes in the learning and memory ability of mildly zinc-deficient and zinc-supplemented offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoDan Yu
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, XinHua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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17
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El-Refaiy AI, Eissa FI. Histopathology and cytotoxicity as biomarkers in treated rats with cadmium and some therapeutic agents. Saudi J Biol Sci 2013; 20:265-80. [PMID: 23961244 PMCID: PMC3730709 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and zinc (Zn) against cadmium (Cd) induced histopathological changes in tissues of liver, kidney, lung and testis of rats as well as chromosomal aberrations. For this purpose, 60 male albino rats were divided into six groups; each group contained 10 animals. The first group served as control and was given only distilled water. The second and third groups received distilled water supplemented with 2 g ascorbic acid/l and 500 mg Zn/l, respectively. The fourth group received a daily oral dose containing 3 mg Cd/kg b.w. (1/30 LD50). The fifth group received Cd + ascorbic acid (3 mg Cd/kg b.w. + 2 g ascorbic acid/l), while the sixth group received Cd + Zn (3 mg Cd/kg b.w. +500 mg Zn/l). The treatment in all groups lasted for 90 consecutive days. Rats exposed to cadmium showed severe histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, lung and testicular tissues as well as chromosomal aberrations such as: break, ring, centromeric separation and polyploidy. Co-treatment with zinc partially improved the histopathological changes and chromosomal aberrations while co-treatment with vitamin C exhibited a more protective role and markedly reduced tissues damage induced by Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal I. El-Refaiy
- Biol. and Environ. Sci. Dept., Fac. of Home Economic, Al-Azhar Univ., 31511 Tanta, Egypt
- Biol. Dept., Fac. of Arts and Sciences-Khafji, Dammam Univ., 31971, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawzy I. Eissa
- Environ. and Bio-agric. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., 11884 Nasr city, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Sharif R, Thomas P, Zalewski P, Fenech M. The role of zinc in genomic stability. Mutat Res 2012; 733:111-121. [PMID: 21939673 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element required for maintaining both optimal human health and genomic stability. Zn plays a critical role in the regulation of DNA repair mechanisms, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis involving the action of various transcriptional factors and DNA or RNA polymerases. Zn is an essential cofactor or structural component for important antioxidant defence proteins and DNA repair enzymes such as Cu/Zn SOD, OGG1, APE and PARP and may also affect activities of enzymes such as BHMT and MTR involved in methylation reactions in the folate-methionine cycle. This review focuses on the role of Zn in the maintenance of genome integrity and the effects of deficiency or excess on genomic stability events and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razinah Sharif
- CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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19
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Ho E, Dukovcic S, Hobson B, Wong CP, Miller G, Hardin K, Traber MG, Tanguay RL. Zinc transporter expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) during development. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:26-32. [PMID: 21596156 PMCID: PMC3196795 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a micronutrient important in several biological processes including growth and development. We have limited knowledge on the impact of maternal zinc deficiency on zinc and zinc regulatory mechanisms in the developing embryo due to a lack of in vivo experimental models that allow us to directly study the effects of maternal zinc on embryonic development following implantation. To overcome this barrier, we have proposed to use zebrafish as a model organism to study the impact of zinc during development. The goal of the current study was to profile the mRNA expression of all the known zinc transporter genes in the zebrafish across embryonic and larval development and to quantify the embryonic zinc concentrations at these corresponding developmental time points. The SLC30A zinc transporter family (ZnT) and SLC39A family, Zir-,Irt-like protein (ZIP) zinc transporter proteins were profiled in zebrafish embryos at 0, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 120 h post fertilization to capture expression patterns from a single cell through full development. We observed consistent embryonic zinc levels, but differential expression of several zinc transporters across development. These results suggest that zebrafish is an effective model organism to study the effects of zinc deficiency and further investigation is underway to identify possible molecular pathways that are dysregulated with maternal zinc deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ho
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, 103 Milam Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Brigelius-Flohé R, Flohé L. Basic principles and emerging concepts in the redox control of transcription factors. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2335-81. [PMID: 21194351 PMCID: PMC3166203 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Convincing concepts of redox control of gene transcription have been worked out for prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes, whereas the knowledge on complex mammalian systems still resembles a patchwork of poorly connected findings. The article, therefore, reviews principles of redox regulation with special emphasis on chemical feasibility, kinetic requirements, specificity, and physiological context, taking well investigated mammalian transcription factor systems, nuclear transcription factor of bone marrow-derived lymphocytes (NF-κB), and kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1)/Nrf2, as paradigms. Major conclusions are that (i) direct signaling by free radicals is restricted to O(2)•- and •NO and can be excluded for fast reacting radicals such as •OH, •OR, or Cl•; (ii) oxidant signals are H(2)O(2), enzymatically generated lipid hydroperoxides, and peroxynitrite; (iii) free radical damage is sensed via generation of Michael acceptors; (iv) protein thiol oxidation/alkylation is the prominent mechanism to modulate function; (v) redox sensors must be thiol peroxidases by themselves or proteins with similarly reactive cysteine or selenocysteine (Sec) residues to kinetically compete with glutathione peroxidase (GPx)- and peroxiredoxin (Prx)-type peroxidases or glutathione-S-transferases, respectively, a postulate that still has to be verified for putative mammalian sensors. S-transferases and Prxs are considered for system complementation. The impact of NF-κB and Nrf2 on hormesis, management of inflammatory diseases, and cancer prevention is critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Brigelius-Flohé
- Department Biochemistry of Micronutrients, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany.
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Iwaya H, Kashiwaya M, Shinoki A, Lee JS, Hayashi K, Hara H, Ishizuka S. Marginal zinc deficiency exacerbates experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in rats. J Nutr 2011; 141:1077-82. [PMID: 21525261 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.138180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the impact of Zn status on the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. Rats were fed diets containing different amounts of Zn (30, 10, 5, <1 mg Zn/kg diet) for 21 d. Serum Zn concentrations were lower in rats fed marginally Zn-deficient (MZD; 5 mg Zn/kg diet) and severely Zn-deficient (<1 mg/kg) diets but not in those fed the marginally Zn-adequate diet (10 mg/kg) or the Zn-adequate (ZA; 30 mg/kg) group (P < 0.05). However, organ weights, colonic epithelial cell proliferation, and crypt fission did not differ between the MZD and ZA groups. We then evaluated whether MZD modulated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colonic inflammation by administering 2% DSS to the MZD and ZA groups for 7 d. Myeloperoxidase activity and TNFα production increased in response to DSS in the MZD group (P < 0.03). Colonic permeability in the 2 groups did not differ after DSS administration. In a culture experiment using isolated mesenteric leukocytes, TNFα production was higher (P < 0.05) and TNF receptor type I (TNFR1) expression was detected in culture medium containing 20 and 30 μmol/L of Zn compared with culture medium lacking Zn supplementation. These results suggest that MZD exacerbated colitis by modulating the immune response through the impairment of TNFα production and TNFR1 expression rather than through the impairment of epithelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Iwaya
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589 Japan
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Wiernsperger N, Rapin J. Trace elements in glucometabolic disorders: an update. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2010; 2:70. [PMID: 21167072 PMCID: PMC3023745 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-2-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many trace elements, among which metals, are indispensable for proper functioning of a myriad of biochemical reactions, more particularly as enzyme cofactors. This is particularly true for the vast set of processes involved in regulation of glucose homeostasis, being it in glucose metabolism itself or in hormonal control, especially insulin. The role and importance of trace elements such as chromium, zinc, selenium, lithium and vanadium are much less evident and subjected to chronic debate. This review updates our actual knowledge concerning these five trace elements. A careful survey of the literature shows that while theoretical postulates from some key roles of these elements had led to real hopes for therapy of insulin resistance and diabetes, the limited experience based on available data indicates that beneficial effects and use of most of them are subjected to caution, given the narrow window between safe and unsafe doses. Clear therapeutic benefit in these pathologies is presently doubtful but some data indicate that these metals may have a clinical interest in patients presenting deficiencies in individual metal levels. The same holds true for an association of some trace elements such as chromium or zinc with oral antidiabetics. However, this area is essentially unexplored in adequate clinical trials, which are worth being performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - JeanRobert Rapin
- Faculté de Médecine/Pharmacie, Université de Bourgogne, 3 Bld jeanne d'Arc, F-21000 Dijon (France
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Barbosa KBF, Costa NMB, Alfenas RDCG, De Paula SO, Minim VPR, Bressan J. Estresse oxidativo: conceito, implicações e fatores modulatórios. REV NUTR 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-52732010000400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
O estresse oxidativo decorre de um desequilíbrio entre a geração de compostos oxidantes e a atuação dos sistemas de defesa antioxidante. A geração de radicais livres e/ou espécies reativas não radicais é resultante do metabolismo de oxigênio. A mitocôndria, por meio da cadeia transportadora de elétrons, é a principal fonte geradora. O sistema de defesa antioxidante tem a função de inibir e/ou reduzir os danos causados pela ação deletéria dos radicais livres e/ou espécies reativas não radicais. Esse sistema, usualmente, é dividido em enzimático (superóxido dismutase, catalase e glutationa peroxidase) e não-enzimático. No último caso, é constituído por grande variedade de substâncias antioxidantes, que podem ter origem endógena ou dietética. Objetivou-se revisar os principais mecanismos de geração de radicais livres, bem como a ação dos agentes mais relevantes do sistema de defesa antioxidante, ressaltando suas implicações sobre os marcadores do estresse oxidativo. Também serão abordados os principais fatores exógenos moduladores do estresse oxidativo.
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Malekirad AA, Oryan S, Fani A, Babapor V, Hashemi M, Baeeri M, Bayrami Z, Abdollahi M. Study on clinical and biochemical toxicity biomarkers in a zinc-lead mine workers. Toxicol Ind Health 2010; 26:331-7. [PMID: 20371635 DOI: 10.1177/0748233710365697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine oxidative stress status as well as blood lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) levels and clinical markers in workers of a Zn-Pb mine. A comparative cross-sectional analysis was performed in 67 mine workers who have been in contact with Zn and Pb in comparison to a control group containing 67 healthy subjects with the same age and sex. Lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, myleoperoxidase, DNA damage, total antioxidant capacity, Zn, and Pb levels were measured in blood of workers and controls. Clinical examination was accomplished to record any abnormal sign or symptoms. Comparing with controls, the workers showed higher blood levels of superoxide dismutase, myleoperoxidase, glutathione reductase, lipid peroxidation, Pb, and Zn. Workers showed lower DNA-damage as compared with controls. Workers showed clinical symptoms such as memory impairment, less of concentration, insomnia, headache, claudication, epigasteric, inappetence, agitation, tremor, decreasing of reflection of deep tendon, conduction deafness of ear, and fatigue. The workers had extra normal levels of Pb (0.9-3 microg/dL) and showed oxidative stress. Taken together, the results indicate that exposure to combination of Pb and Zn in mine elevates total antioxidant capacity of body in a reflex to overcome to oxidative stress. Especially, in the present case, it seems that toxic effect of Pb has been greater than positive effects of Zn, but the combination exposure has resulted in not such a critical toxicity situation.
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Song Y, Elias V, Loban A, Scrimgeour AG, Ho E. Marginal zinc deficiency increases oxidative DNA damage in the prostate after chronic exercise. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:82-8. [PMID: 19836448 PMCID: PMC4090116 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 12% of Americans do not consume the recommended level of zinc and could be at risk for marginal zinc deficiency. Zinc functions in antioxidant defense and DNA repair and could be important for prostate health. We hypothesized that marginal zinc deficiency sensitizes the prostate to oxidative stress and DNA damage. Rats were fed a zinc-adequate (ZA; 30 mg Zn/kg) or marginally zinc-deficient (MZD; 5-6 mg Zn/kg) diet for 6 weeks. MZD increased p53 and PARP expression but no change in 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels was detected. To examine the susceptibility to exogenous oxidative stress, rats fed a ZA or MZD diet were assigned to exercising (EXE) or sedentary (SED) groups for 9 weeks. MZD or EXE alone did not affect oxidative DNA damage in the prostate; however, combined MZD + EXE increased DNA damage in the dorsolateral lobe. PARP and p53 expression was not further induced with MZD + EXE, suggesting that MZD interferes with DNA repair responses to stress. Finally, the addition of phytase to the MZD diet successfully restored zinc levels in the prostate and decreased DNA damage back to ZA levels. Overall, this study suggests that marginal zinc deficiency sensitizes the prostate to oxidative stress and demonstrates the importance of maintaining optimal zinc nutrition in physically active populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Valerie Elias
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Andrei Loban
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Angus G. Scrimgeour
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
- Corresponding author. Fax: +1 541 737 6914. (E. Ho)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the recent findings related to the functions of zinc in prostate cancer prevention. RECENT FINDINGS The prostate contains the highest concentration of zinc of all the soft tissues, but concentrations decrease significantly during prostate cancer. A growing body of experimental evidence supports the notion that high zinc levels are essential for prostate health and may limit prostate cancer development. The possible mechanisms include the effects of zinc on the inhibition of terminal oxidation, induction of mitochondrial apoptogenesis and suppression of NF-kappaB activity. Zinc may also play an important role in the maintenance of DNA integrity in normal prostate epithelial cells by modulating DNA repair and damage response proteins, especially p53. In addition, recent findings support the role of zinc transporters as tumor suppressors in the prostate. SUMMARY Although epidemiological studies have shown mixed results, the experimental data strongly suggest a protective role of zinc in the prostate. More in-vivo studies on the effects of zinc on prostate functions are necessary to more clearly delineate the interaction between zinc and prostate function. In humans, sensitive and specific zinc biomarkers significantly impair the ability to design and interpret clinical studies and should be a priority area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ho
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Science, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, USA.
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Song Y, Elias V, Wong CP, Scrimgeour AG, Ho E. Zinc transporter expression profiles in the rat prostate following alterations in dietary zinc. Biometals 2009; 23:51-8. [PMID: 19760107 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-009-9266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Zinc plays important roles in numerous cellular activities and physiological functions. Intracellular zinc levels are strictly maintained by zinc homeostatic mechanisms. Zinc concentrations in the prostate are the highest of all soft tissues and could be important for prostate health. However, the mechanisms by which the prostate maintains high zinc levels are still unclear. In addition, the response of the prostate to alterations in dietary zinc is unknown. The current study explored cellular zinc levels and zinc transporter expression profiles in the lobes of the prostate during dietary marginal zinc depletion. Rats were given either zinc-adequate (ZA, 30 mg Zn/kg) or marginal zinc-deficient (MZD, 5 mg Zn/kg) diet for 9 weeks. In addition, a subgroup of the MZD rats was supplemented with phytase (1,500 unit/kg diet) to improve zinc bioavailability. We found that both zinc concentrations and ZnT2 expression in the prostate dorsolateral lobes were substantially higher than in the ventral lobes (P < 0.05). Marginal zinc depletion significantly decreased ZnT2 expression in the dorsolateral lobes (P < 0.05), and phytase supplementation had a trend to increase ZnT2 expression. In addition, of all measured zinc transporters, only ZnT2 mRNA abundance was significantly correlated to the zinc concentrations in the dorsolateral lobe. No correlations were found between zinc transporter expression and zinc concentrations in the ventral lobes. These results indicate that ZnT2 may play a significant role in the maintenance of zinc homeostasis in the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Song Y, Leonard SW, Traber MG, Ho E. Zinc deficiency affects DNA damage, oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses, and DNA repair in rats. J Nutr 2009; 139:1626-31. [PMID: 19625698 PMCID: PMC3151020 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.106369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 12% of Americans do not consume the Estimated Average Requirement for zinc and could be at risk for marginal zinc deficiency. Zinc is an essential component of numerous proteins involved in the defense against oxidative stress and DNA damage repair. Studies in vitro have shown that zinc depletion causes DNA damage. We hypothesized that zinc deficiency in vivo causes DNA damage through increases in oxidative stress and impairments in DNA repair. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed zinc-adequate (ZA; 30 mg Zn/kg) or severely zinc-deficient (ZD; <1 mg Zn/kg) diets or were pair-fed zinc-adequate diet to match the mean feed intake of ZD rats for 3 wk. After zinc depletion, rats were repleted with a ZA diet for 10 d. In addition, zinc-adequate (MZA 30 mg Zn/kg) or marginally zinc-deficient (MZD; 6 mg Zn/kg) diets were given to different groups of rats for 6 wk. Severe zinc depletion caused more DNA damage in peripheral blood cells than in the ZA group and this was normalized by zinc repletion. We also detected impairments in DNA repair, such as compromised p53 DNA binding and differential activation of the base excision repair proteins 8-oxoguanine glycosylase and poly ADP ribose polymerase. Importantly, MZD rats also had more DNA damage and higher plasma F(2)-isoprostane concentrations than MZA rats and had impairments in DNA repair functions. However, plasma antioxidant concentrations and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity were not affected by zinc depletion. These results suggest interactions among zinc deficiency, DNA integrity, oxidative stress, and DNA repair and suggested a role for zinc in maintaining DNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Science and Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Scott W. Leonard
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Science and Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Maret G. Traber
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Science and Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Emily Ho
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Science and Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Song Y, Chung CS, Bruno RS, Traber MG, Brown KH, King JC, Ho E. Dietary zinc restriction and repletion affects DNA integrity in healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90:321-8. [PMID: 19515738 PMCID: PMC2709309 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc plays an important role in antioxidant defense and the maintenance of cellular DNA integrity. However, no experimental human studies have been performed to examine the role of zinc status on DNA damage. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effects of dietary zinc depletion and repletion on DNA strand breaks, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defenses in healthy men. DESIGN Nine healthy men with reported mean daily zinc intakes >11 mg/d were recruited. Subjects completed 3 consecutive dietary periods: baseline (days 1 to 13; 11 mg Zn/d), zinc depletion (days 14 to 55; 0.6 mg Zn/d for 1 wk and 4 mg Zn/d for 5 wk), and zinc repletion (days 56 to 83; 11 mg Zn/d for 4 wk with 20 mg supplemental Zn for first 7 d). Blood samples were collected on days 1, 13, 35, 55, and 83. DNA damage in peripheral blood cells, plasma oxidative stress, and antioxidant defense biomarkers were assessed. RESULTS Dietary zinc depletion (6 wk) was associated with increased DNA strand breaks in peripheral blood cells (day 13 compared with day 55; P < 0.05), changes that were ameliorated by zinc repletion (day 55 compared with day 83; P < 0.05). Plasma zinc concentrations were negatively correlated with DNA strand breaks (r = -0.60, P = 0.006) during the zinc-depletion period. Plasma alpha- and gamma-tocopherol concentrations, plasma total antioxidant capacity, and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity did not change significantly, and plasma F(2)-isoprostanes were unaffected by dietary period. CONCLUSIONS Changes in dietary zinc intake affected DNA single-strand breaks. Zinc appears to be a critical factor for maintaining DNA integrity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Nutrition & Exercise Sciences and Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Claeyssen R, Andriollo-Sanchez M, Arnaud J, Touvard L, Alonso A, Chancerelle Y, Roussel AM, Agay D. Burn-induced oxidative stress is altered by a low zinc status: kinetic study in burned rats fed a low zinc diet. Biol Trace Elem Res 2008; 126 Suppl 1:S80-96. [PMID: 18773151 PMCID: PMC2826869 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-008-8210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As an initial subdeficient status of zinc, considered as an essential antioxidant trace element, is frequent in burned patients, we aim to assess the effects of low zinc dietary intakes on burn-induced oxidative stress, in an animal model. After 8 weeks of conditioning diets containing 80 ppm (control group) or 10 ppm of zinc (depleted group), Wistar rats were 20% TBSA burned and sampled 1-10 days after injury. Kinetic evolutions of zinc status, plasma oxidative stress parameters, and antioxidant enzymes were also studied in blood and organs. The zinc-depleted diet induced, before injury, a significant decrease in zinc bone level and the increase of oxidative stress markers without stimulation of antioxidant enzyme activity. After burn, more markedly in zinc depleted animals than in controls, zinc levels decreased in plasma and bone, while increasing in liver. The decrease of thiol groups and GSH/GSSG ratio and the depression of GPx activity in liver are also moderately emphasized. Nevertheless, depleted zinc status could not be considered as determining for oxidative damages after burn injury. Further investigations must also be done to enlighten the mechanism of beneficial effects of zinc supplementation reported in burned patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Claeyssen
- LBFA, Bioenergétique fondamentale et appliquée
INSERM : U884Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble IUniversité Joseph Fourier 2280, rue de la piscine 38400 ST MARTIN D HERES,FR
- CRSSA, Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées
Service de Santé des Armées24 avenue des Maquis du Grésivaudan BP87 38702 La Tronche cedex,FR
| | - Maud Andriollo-Sanchez
- CRSSA, Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées
Service de Santé des Armées24 avenue des Maquis du Grésivaudan BP87 38702 La Tronche cedex,FR
| | - Josiane Arnaud
- LBFA, Bioenergétique fondamentale et appliquée
INSERM : U884Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble IUniversité Joseph Fourier 2280, rue de la piscine 38400 ST MARTIN D HERES,FR
- Département de biologie intégrée
CHU GrenobleHôpital MichallonGrenoble,FR
| | - Laurence Touvard
- CRSSA, Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées
Service de Santé des Armées24 avenue des Maquis du Grésivaudan BP87 38702 La Tronche cedex,FR
| | - Antonia Alonso
- CRSSA, Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées
Service de Santé des Armées24 avenue des Maquis du Grésivaudan BP87 38702 La Tronche cedex,FR
| | - Yves Chancerelle
- CRSSA, Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées
Service de Santé des Armées24 avenue des Maquis du Grésivaudan BP87 38702 La Tronche cedex,FR
| | - Anne-Marie Roussel
- LBFA, Bioenergétique fondamentale et appliquée
INSERM : U884Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble IUniversité Joseph Fourier 2280, rue de la piscine 38400 ST MARTIN D HERES,FR
| | - Diane Agay
- CRSSA, Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées
Service de Santé des Armées24 avenue des Maquis du Grésivaudan BP87 38702 La Tronche cedex,FR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: Diane Agay
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Yin J, Li X, Li D, Yue T, Fang Q, Ni J, Zhou X, Wu G. Dietary supplementation with zinc oxide stimulates ghrelin secretion from the stomach of young pigs. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 20:783-90. [PMID: 18926680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2008] [Revised: 06/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with zinc is known to enhance food intake and growth in young children. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Ghrelin, a peptide derived mainly from stomach, plays an important role in food-intake regulation. The present study was conducted with the piglet model to test the hypothesis that zinc may increase gastric ghrelin secretion. In Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) , thirty-six 28-day-old weaned pigs were assigned to two groups (18 pigs/group), receiving four-week supplementation of 0 or 2000 mg/kg Zn (as ZnO) to the basal diet containing 100 mg/kg Zn. In Experiment (Exp. 2), sixteen 28-day-old piglets were assigned to the same treatments (n=8/group) as in Exp. 1, except that they were pair-fed an equal amount of diet. At the end of the experiments, blood, stomach and duodenum samples were obtained for biochemical analysis, including assays of ghrelin protein and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in plasma, as well as quantification of ghrelin and IGF-I mRNA levels in the duodenum and gastric mucosa. Further, gastric mucosal cells from unsupplemented piglets were cultured with 0-0.5 mM ZnO for 2-24 h for assays of ghrelin production and gene expression. Dietary Zn supplementation increased plasma concentrations of ghrelin, IGF-I and cholecystokinin; IGF-I gene expression in the duodenum as well as food intake and piglet growth (Exp. 1). The effects of ZnO on plasma levels of ghrelin, intestinal IGF-I expression and piglet growth were independent of food intake. Addition of ZnO to culture medium enhanced ghrelin production from gastric mucosal cells without affecting ghrelin mRNA levels. Collectively, our results indicate that ZnO stimulates ghrelin secretion from the stomach at the post-transcriptional level. This novel finding aids in elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanism for a role of zinc in promoting food intake and growth of young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdong Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, PR China.
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