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Sultana OF, Hia RA, Reddy PH. A Combinational Therapy for Preventing and Delaying the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease: A Focus on Probiotic and Vitamin Co-Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:202. [PMID: 38397800 PMCID: PMC10886126 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a complex etiology, and effective interventions to prevent or delay its onset remain a global health challenge. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the potential role of probiotic and vitamin supplementation as complementary strategies for Alzheimer's disease prevention. This review paper explores the current scientific literature on the use of probiotics and vitamins, particularly vitamin A, D, E, K, and B-complex vitamins, in the context of Alzheimer's disease prevention and management. We delve into the mechanisms through which probiotics may modulate gut-brain interactions and neuroinflammation while vitamins play crucial roles in neuronal health and cognitive function. The paper also examines the collective impact of this combinational therapy on reducing the risk factors associated with Alzheimer's disease, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis. By providing a comprehensive overview of the existing evidence and potential mechanisms, this review aims to shed light on the promise of probiotic and vitamin co-supplementation as a multifaceted approach to combat Alzheimer's disease, offering insights into possible avenues for future research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omme Fatema Sultana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Raksa Andalib Hia
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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Yan Q, Zhang T, O'Connor C, Barlow JW, Walsh J, Scalabrino G, Xu F, Sheridan H. The biological responses of vitamin K2: A comprehensive review. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1634-1656. [PMID: 37051359 PMCID: PMC10084986 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K1 (VitK1) and Vitamin K2 (VitK2), two important naturally occurring micronutrients in the VitK family, found, respectively, in green leafy plants and algae (VitK1) and animal and fermented foods (VitK2). The present review explores the multiple biological functions of VitK2 from recently published in vitro and in vivo studies, including promotion of osteogenesis, prevention of calcification, relief of menopausal symptoms, enhancement of mitochondrial energy release, hepato- and neuro-protective effects, and possible use in treatment of coronavirus disease. The mechanisms of action associated with these biological effects are also explored. Overall, the findings presented here suggest that VitK, especially VitK2, is an important nutrient family for the normal functioning of human health. It acts on almost all major body systems and directly or indirectly participates in and regulates hundreds of physiological or pathological processes. However, as biological and clinical data are still inconsistent and conflicting, more in-depth investigations are warranted to elucidate its potential as a therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat a range of disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxiang Yan
- Institute of Science and Technology Shenyang Open University Shenyang China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Food Science & Environmental Health Technological University Dublin Dublin 7 Ireland
- NatPro Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Christine O'Connor
- School of Food Science & Environmental Health Technological University Dublin Dublin 7 Ireland
| | - James W. Barlow
- Department of Chemistry RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - John Walsh
- NatPro Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Gaia Scalabrino
- NatPro Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Feng Xu
- The Centre of Vitamin K2 Research Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Helen Sheridan
- NatPro Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
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3
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Emekli-Alturfan E, Alturfan AA. The emerging relationship between vitamin K and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of current evidence. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:815-828. [PMID: 36329336 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07925-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease refers to a group of disorders that predominantly damage the neurons in the brain. Despite significant progress in the knowledge of neurodegenerative diseases, there is currently no disease-modifying drug available. Vitamin K was first established for its involvement in blood clotting, but there is now compelling evidence indicating its role in the neurological system. In particular, the results of recent studies on the effects of vitamin K2 on preventing apoptosis, oxidative stress, and microglial activation in neuron cells through its role in electron transport are very promising against Alzheimer's disease. In addition to its protective effect on cognitive functions, its inhibitory effects on inflammation and α-synuclein fibrillization in Parkinson's disease, which has been revealed in recent years, are remarkable. Although there are many studies on the mechanism and possible treatment methods of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, studies on the relationship between vitamin K and neurodegenerative diseases are very limited, yet have promising findings. Vitamin K has also been proposed for therapeutic use in multiple sclerosis patients to lower the intensity or to slow down the progression of the disease. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to review the current evidence for the use of vitamin K supplementation in neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Emekli-Alturfan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - A Ata Alturfan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Rhodes JS, Rendeiro C, Mun JG, Du K, Thaman P, Snyder A, Pinardo H, Drnevich J, Chandrasekaran S, Lai CS, Schimpf KJ, Kuchan MJ. Brain α-Tocopherol Concentration and Stereoisomer Profile Alter Hippocampal Gene Expression in Weanling Mice. J Nutr 2020; 150:3075-3085. [PMID: 32937657 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-tocopherol (αT), the bioactive constituent of vitamin E, is essential for fertility and neurological development. Synthetic αT (8 stereoisomers; all rac-αT) is added to infant formula at higher concentrations than natural αT (RRR-αT only) to adjust for bio-potency differences, but its effects on brain development are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES The objective was to determine the impact of bio-potency-adjusted dietary all rac-αT versus RRR-αT, fed to dams, on the hippocampal gene expression in weanling mice. METHODS Male/female pairs of C57BL/6J mice were fed AIN 93-G containing RRR-αT (NAT) or all rac-αT (SYN) at 37.5 or 75 IU/kg (n = 10/group) throughout gestation and lactation. Male pups were euthanized at 21 days. Half the brain was evaluated for the αT concentration and stereoisomer distribution. The hippocampus was dissected from the other half, and RNA was extracted and sequenced. Milk αT was analyzed in separate dams. RESULTS A total of 797 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the hippocampi across the 4 dietary groups, at a false discovery rate of 10%. Comparing the NAT-37.5 group to the NAT-75 group or the SYN-37.5 group to the SYN-75 group, small differences in brain αT concentrations (10%; P < 0.05) led to subtle changes (<10%) in gene expression of 600 (NAT) or 487 genes (SYN), which were statistically significant. Marked differences in brain αT stereoisomer profiles (P < 0.0001) had a small effect on fewer genes (NAT-37.5 vs. SYN-37.5, 179; NAT-75 vs. SYN-75, 182). Most of the DEGs were involved in transcription regulation and synapse formation. A network analysis constructed around known vitamin E interacting proteins (VIPs) revealed a group of 32 DEGs between NAT-37.5 vs. SYN-37.5, explained by expression of the gene for the VIP, protein kinase C zeta (Pkcz). CONCLUSIONS In weanling mouse hippocampi, a network of genes involved in transcription regulation and synapse formation was differentially affected by dam diet αT concentration and source: all rac-αT or RRR-αT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Rhodes
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Catarina Rendeiro
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan G Mun
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristy Du
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Pragya Thaman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Amanda Snyder
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Heinrich Pinardo
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Jenny Drnevich
- High Performance Biological Computing and the Roy J Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Sriram Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chron-Si Lai
- Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Matthew J Kuchan
- Center for Nutrition, Learning and Memory, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Ramazani E, Fereidoni M, Tayarani-Najaran Z. Protective effects of vitamin K2 on 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells through modulation bax and caspase-3 activation. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5777-5783. [PMID: 31392537 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprotection using compounds with dual functions of anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects fight against neurodegeneration. Vitamin K2 acts as a cofactor in many biochemical pathways, including sphingolipid synthesis in the nervous system, which is involved in many cellular events, including proliferation, differentiation, cellular communication, and alteration. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of vitamin K2 in PC12 cells as an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease. The protective effects of vitamin K2 against 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells were assessed using resazurin for viability, DCF-DA for ROS level, DTNB for glutathione level, flow cytometry for sub G1, and western blot analysis for detecting bax and pro-caspase-3 expression level. The results showed that 6-OHDA significantly decreased cell viability, glutathione and pro-caspase-3 levels, and increased ROS, the amount of bax in PC12 cells, while the pretreatment with 5 μM vitamin K2 significantly decreased the cell death induced by 6-OHDA. Generally, the results may present a new insight about the potential protective action of vitamin K2 against the progression of Parkinson's disease. Further studies may warrant the use of vitamin K2 as an antioxidant and anti-apoptotic agent in slowing nerve injury in neurodegenerative disease, particularly in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ramazani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoud Fereidoni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 9188617871, Mashhad, Iran. .,Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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6
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Brangier A, Celle S, Roche F, Beauchet O, Ferland G, Annweiler C. Use of Vitamin K Antagonists and Brain Morphological Changes in Older Adults: An Exposed/Unexposed Voxel-Based Morphometric Study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018; 45:18-26. [PMID: 29486479 DOI: 10.1159/000485793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are commonly used for their role in haemostasis by interfering with the vitamin K cycle. Since vitamin K also participates in brain physiology, this voxel-based morphometric study aimed to determine whether the duration of exposure to VKAs correlated with focal brain volume reduction in older adults. METHODS In this exposed/unexposed (1: 2) study nested within the GAIT (Gait and Alzheimer Interactions Tracking) cohort, 18 participants exposed to VKA (mean age 75 ± 5 years; 33.3% female; mean exposure 2,122 ± 1,799 days) and 36 matched participants using no VKA (mean age 75 ± 5 years; 33.3% female) underwent MRI scanning of the brain. Cortical grey and white matter volumes were automatically segmented using statistical parametric mapping. Age, gender, educational level, history of atrial fibrillation, type of MRI, and total intracranial volume were included as covariables. RESULTS The duration of exposure to VKA correlated inversely across the whole brain with the subvolumes of two clusters in the grey matter (right frontal inferior operculum and right precuneus) and one cluster in the white matter (left middle frontal gyrus). In contrast, the grade of white matter hyperintensities did not differ according to the use of VKA. CONCLUSION We found focal atrophies in older adults exposed to VKA. These findings provide new insights elucidating the effects of VKAs on brain health and function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Brangier
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Angers University Hospital, UPRES EA 4638, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Sébastien Celle
- Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l'Exercice, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.,EA 4607 "SNA EPIS" Faculté de Médecine J. Lisfranc UJM, PRES Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Roche
- Service de Physiologie Clinique et de l'Exercice, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.,EA 4607 "SNA EPIS" Faculté de Médecine J. Lisfranc UJM, PRES Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Beauchet
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guylaine Ferland
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cédric Annweiler
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Angers University Hospital, UPRES EA 4638, University of Angers, Angers, France.,Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Vitamin K enhances the production of brain sulfatides during remyelination. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203057. [PMID: 30148869 PMCID: PMC6110503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating neurological disease, which is characterized by multifocal demyelinating lesions in the central nervous system. The most abundant myelin lipids are galactosylceramides and their sulfated form, sulfatides, which together account for about 27% of the total dry weight of myelin. In this study we investigated the role of vitamin K in remyelination, by using an animal model for MS, the cuprizone model. Demyelination was induced in C57Bl6/J mice, by feeding them a special diet containing 0.3% cuprizone (w/w) for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, cuprizone was removed from the diet and mice were allowed to remyelinate for either 1 or 3 weeks, in the absence or presence of vitamin K (i.p. phylloquinone, 2mg, three times per week). Vitamin K enhanced the production of total brain sulfatides, after both 1 week and 3 weeks of remyelination (n = 5, P-values were <0.0001), when compared with the control group. To determine whether or not there is a synergistic effect between vitamins K and D for the production of brain sulfatides, we employed a similar experiment as above. Vitamin K also increased the production of individual brain sulfatides, including d18:1/18:0, d18:1/20:0, d18:1/24:0, and d18:1/24:1 after 3 weeks of remyelination, when compared to the control group. In addition, vitamin D enhanced the production of total brain sulfatides, as well as d18:1/18:0, d18:1/24:0, and d18:1/24:1 sulfatides after 3 weeks of remyelination, but no synergistic effect between vitamins K and D for the production of total brain sulfatides was observed.
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Abstract
Background Vitamin K2 (VK2) belongs to the vitamin K family and comprises a number of subtypes differing in length of side chains consisting of isoprenoid groups (menaquinone-n, MK-n). It is essential for a number of physiological functions although the full spectrum of activity has not yet been elucidated. Due to its role in protection of mitochondrial damage, VK2 could be relevant in preventing disease progress in multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods We measured VK2 serum levels by the double antibody sandwich Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique in MS patients and age and sex matched controls, both under vitamin D supplementation, and related it to disease characteristics and treatment. Results Overall, 45 MS patients (31 females and 39 of the relapsing-remitting type) and 29 healthy controls (19 females) were included in the analysis. The MS patients had vastly lower VK2 blood levels than controls (235 ± 100 ng/ml vs. 812 ± 154 ng/ml, respectively). Female patients had significantly lower VK2 levels than males and a decrease with age by approximately 10% per decade was found. The VK2 levels were lower with increasing numbers of attacks per year and were higher in patients with optic nerve lesions. No consistent relationship with medications was detected. Conclusion The substantially lower levels of VK2 in MS patients could be due to depletion, lower production in the gut, diminished absorption or, less likely, reduced intake of precursor vitamin K1. The role of VK2 in MS development and progress deserves further study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00508-018-1328-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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9
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Durani LW, Hamezah HS, Ibrahim NF, Yanagisawa D, Makpol S, Damanhuri HA, Tooyama I. Age-related changes in the metabolic profiles of rat hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex and striatum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1356-1363. [PMID: 28970069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have recently shown that age-dependent regional brain atrophy and lateral ventricle expansion may be linked with impaired cognitive and locomotor functions. However, metabolic profile transformation in different brain regions during aging is unknown. This study examined metabolic changes in the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and striatum of middle- and late-aged Sprague-Dawley rats using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution accurate mass-orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. Thirty-eight potential metabolites were altered in hippocampus, 29 in mPFC, and 14 in striatum. These alterations indicated that regional metabolic mechanisms in lated-aged rats are related to multiple pathways including glutathione, sphingolipid, tyrosine, and purine metabolism. Thus, our findings might be useful for understanding the complexity of metabolic mechanisms in aging and provide insight for aging and health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wati Durani
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Nor Faeizah Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Daijiro Yanagisawa
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Japan.
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Bhatti AB, Usman M, Ali F, Satti SA. Vitamin Supplementation as an Adjuvant Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:OE07-11. [PMID: 27656493 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/20273.8261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a slowly progressing neurodegenerative disorder representing a major health concern worldwide. This disorder is characterised by progressive dementia and cognitive decline. The pathological hallmarks of AD include the presence of Aβ plaques and tau neurofibrils. Research has shown that oxidative stress represents a major risk factor associated with AD pathology. Accumulation of Aβ plaques and relative lack of antioxidant defence mechanisms, including cellular antioxidant enzymes and dietary antioxidants like vitamins, assist in the exacerbation of oxidative stress. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) produced as the result of oxidative stress, that increase structural and functional abnormalities in brain neurons, which then manifests as dementia and decline in cognition. Data from numerous epidemiological studies suggests that nutrition is one of the most important yet modifiable risk factors for AD. Since oxidative stress contributes a great deal in the development and progression of AD, anything that could attenuate oxidative stress would help in decreasing the prevalence and incidence of AD. There is increasing evidence that supports the use of different antioxidant as an adjuvant treatment for AD. Vitamins are one such antioxidant that can be used as an adjuvant in AD treatment. This paper will focus on the evidence, based on current literature, linking the use of vitamin supplementations as an adjuvant treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Bashir Bhatti
- Research Fellow, Department of Medicine, Capital Development Authority (CDA) Hospital , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Research Fellow, Department of Medicine, Jinnah Hospital Lahore (JHL)/Allama Iqbal Medical College (AIMC) , Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Ali
- Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Capital Development Authority (CDA) Hospital , Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Siddique Akbar Satti
- Professor Head, Department of Medicine, Capital Development Authority (CDA) Hospital , Islamabad, Pakistan
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11
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Feinstein DL, Akpa BS, Ayee MA, Boullerne AI, Braun D, Brodsky SV, Gidalevitz D, Hauck Z, Kalinin S, Kowal K, Kuzmenko I, Lis K, Marangoni N, Martynowycz MW, Rubinstein I, van Breemen R, Ware K, Weinberg G. The emerging threat of superwarfarins: history, detection, mechanisms, and countermeasures. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1374:111-22. [PMID: 27244102 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Superwarfarins were developed following the emergence of warfarin resistance in rodents. Compared to warfarin, superwarfarins have much longer half-lives and stronger affinity to vitamin K epoxide reductase and therefore can cause death in warfarin-resistant rodents. By the mid-1970s, the superwarfarins brodifacoum and difenacoum were the most widely used rodenticides throughout the world. Unfortunately, increased use was accompanied by a rise in accidental poisonings, reaching >16,000 per year in the United States. Risk of exposure has become a concern since large quantities, up to hundreds of kilograms of rodent bait, are applied by aerial dispersion over regions with rodent infestations. Reports of intentional use of superwarfarins in civilian and military scenarios raise the specter of larger incidents or mass casualties. Unlike warfarin overdose, for which 1-2 days of treatment with vitamin K is effective, treatment of superwarfarin poisoning with vitamin K is limited by extremely high cost and can require daily treatment for a year or longer. Furthermore, superwarfarins have actions that are independent of their anticoagulant effects, including both vitamin K-dependent and -independent effects, which are not mitigated by vitamin K therapy. In this review, we summarize superwarfarin development, biology and pathophysiology, their threat as weapons, and possible therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L Feinstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Belinda S Akpa
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Manuela A Ayee
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anne I Boullerne
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David Braun
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sergey V Brodsky
- Department of Pathology, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David Gidalevitz
- Department of Physics and the Center for the Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zane Hauck
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sergey Kalinin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathy Kowal
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ivan Kuzmenko
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois
| | - Kinga Lis
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Natalia Marangoni
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael W Martynowycz
- Department of Physics and the Center for the Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois.,X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois
| | - Israel Rubinstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Kyle Ware
- Department of Pathology, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Guy Weinberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Marangoni MN, Braun D, Situ A, Moyano AL, Kalinin S, Polak P, Givogri MI, Feinstein DL. Differential effects on glial activation by a direct versus an indirect thrombin inhibitor. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 297:159-68. [PMID: 27397090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin is a potent regulator of brain function in health and disease, modulating glial activation and brain inflammation. Thrombin inhibitors, several of which are in clinical use as anti-coagulants, can reduce thrombin-dependent neuroinflammation in pathological conditions. However, their effects in a healthy CNS are largely unknown. In adult healthy mice, we compared the effects of treatment by the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate (DE), to those of warfarin, which acts by preventing vitamin K recycling essential for coagulation. After 4weeks, warfarin increased both astrocyte GFAP and microglia Iba-1 staining throughout the CNS; whereas DE reduced expression of both markers. Warfarin, but not DE, reduced sulfatide levels; and warfarin showed longer lasting changes in cerebellar gene expression. DE also reduced glial activation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, although no changes in amyloid plaque burden were observed. These results suggest that treatment with direct thrombin inhibitors may be preferable to those agents which reduce vitamin K levels and have the potential to increase glial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Natalia Marangoni
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - David Braun
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Annie Situ
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Ana L Moyano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Sergey Kalinin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Paul Polak
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Maria I Givogri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Douglas L Feinstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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13
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Annweiler C, Denis S, Duval G, Ferland G, Bartha R, Beauchet O. Use of Vitamin K Antagonists and Brain Volumetry in Older Adults: Preliminary Results From the GAIT Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 63:2199-202. [PMID: 26480989 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Annweiler
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France.,Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Soraya Denis
- School of Medicine, University of Angers, L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, Angers, France
| | - Guillaume Duval
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Guylaine Ferland
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivier Beauchet
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, L'Université Nantes Angers Le Mans, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
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14
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Grassi S, Prioni S, Cabitta L, Aureli M, Sonnino S, Prinetti A. The Role of 3-O-Sulfogalactosylceramide, Sulfatide, in the Lateral Organization of Myelin Membrane. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:130-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Elitt CM, Rosenberg PA. The challenge of understanding cerebral white matter injury in the premature infant. Neuroscience 2014; 276:216-38. [PMID: 24838063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
White matter injury in the premature infant leads to motor and more commonly behavioral and cognitive problems that are a tremendous burden to society. While there has been much progress in understanding unique vulnerabilities of developing oligodendrocytes over the past 30years, there remain no proven therapies for the premature infant beyond supportive care. The lack of translational progress may be partially explained by the challenge of developing relevant animal models when the etiology remains unclear, as is the case in this disorder. There has been an emphasis on hypoxia-ischemia and infection/inflammation as upstream etiologies, but less consideration of other contributory factors. This review highlights the evolution of white matter pathology in the premature infant, discusses the prevailing proposed etiologies, critically analyzes a sampling of common animal models and provides detailed support for our hypothesis that nutritional and hormonal deprivation may be additional factors playing critical and overlooked roles in white matter pathology in the premature infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Elitt
- Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - P A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Presse N, Belleville S, Gaudreau P, Greenwood CE, Kergoat MJ, Morais JA, Payette H, Shatenstein B, Ferland G. Vitamin K status and cognitive function in healthy older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2777-83. [PMID: 23850343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that vitamin K could have a role in cognition, especially in aging. Using data from the Québec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Successful Aging (NuAge), a cross-sectional analysis was conducted to examine the associations between vitamin K status, measured as serum phylloquinone concentrations, and performance in verbal and non-verbal episodic memory, executive functions, and speed of processing. The sample included 320 men and women aged 70 to 85 years who were free of cognitive impairment. After adjustment for covariates, higher serum phylloquinone concentration (log-transformed) was associated with better verbal episodic memory performances (F = 2.43, p = 0.048); specifically with the scores (Z-transformed) on the second (β = 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13-0.82), third (β = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.06-0.75), and 20-minute delayed (β = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.12-0.82) free recall trials of the RL/RI-16 Free and Cued Recall Task. No associations were found with non-verbal episodic memory, executive functions, and speed of processing. Our study adds evidence to the possible role of vitamin K in cognition during aging, specifically in the consolidation of the memory trace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Presse
- Centre de recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
The role of vitamin K in the nervous system has been somewhat neglected compared with other physiological systems despite the fact that this nutrient was identified some 40 y ago as essential for the synthesis of sphingolipids. Present in high concentrations in brain cell membranes, sphingolipids are now known to possess important cell signaling functions in addition to their structural role. In the past 20 y, additional support for vitamin K functions in the nervous system has come from the discovery and characterization of vitamin K-dependent proteins that are now known to play key roles in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Notably, protein Gas6 has been shown to be actively involved in cell survival, chemotaxis, mitogenesis, and cell growth of neurons and glial cells. Although limited in number, studies focusing on the relationship between vitamin K nutritional status and behavior and cognition have also become available, pointing to diet and certain drug treatments (i.e., warfarin derivatives) as potential modulators of the action of vitamin K in the nervous system. This review presents an overview of the research that first identified vitamin K as an important nutrient for the nervous system and summarizes recent findings that support this notion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guylaine Ferland
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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18
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Abstract
Historically discovered for its role in blood coagulation, there is now convincing evidence that vitamin K has important actions in the nervous system. As a unique cofactor to the γ-glutamyl carboxylase enzyme, vitamin K contributes to the biological activation of proteins Gas6 and protein S, ligands for the receptor tyrosine kinases of the TAM family (Tyro3, Axl, and Mer). Functionally, Gas6 has been involved in a wide range of cellular processes that include cell growth, survival, and apoptosis. In brain, vitamin K also participates in the synthesis of sphingolipids, an important class of lipids present in high concentrations in brain cell membranes. In addition to their structural role, sphingolipids are now known to partake in important cellular events such as proliferation, differentiation, senescence and cell-cell interactions. In recent years, studies have linked alterations in sphingolipid metabolism to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Emerging data also point to unique actions of the K vitamer menaquinone-4 (MK-4) against oxidative stress and inflammation. Finally, there is now data to suggest that vitamin K has the potential to influence psychomotor behavior and cognition. This review presents an overview of what is known of the role of vitamin K in brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guylaine Ferland
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Carrié I, Bélanger E, Portoukalian J, Rochford J, Ferland G. Lifelong low-phylloquinone intake is associated with cognitive impairments in old rats. J Nutr 2011; 141:1495-501. [PMID: 21653572 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.137638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous report, we showed vitamin K to preferentially accumulate in brain regions rich in white matter and to positively correlate with certain sphingolipids. In rodents, pharmacological vitamin K deficiency has resulted in behavioral perturbations. To gain insight on the role of vitamin K status on brain function, we investigated learning abilities (Morris water maze), motor activity (open field), and anxiety (elevated plus maze) in distinct groups of 6-, 12-, and 20-mo-old female Sprague-Dawley rats that had been fed diets containing low (L; ~80 μg/kg diet), adequate (A; ~500 μg/kg diet), or high (H; ~2000 μg/kg diet) levels of phylloquinone (μg/kg diet; n = 9-12/diet) since weaning. In 20-mo-old rats, sphingolipids (cerebroside, sulfatide, sphingomyelin, ceramide, and gangliosides), phylloquinone, and menaquinone-4 were also assessed in cerebellum, midbrain, pons medulla, striatum, and hippocampus. Lifetime consumption of a low-vitamin K diet resulted in cognitive deficits in the 20-mo-old rats, with those in the L group having longer latencies than those in the H group (P < 0.05); this was associated with higher concentrations of ceramides in the hippocampus (P < 0.05) and lower gangliosides in the pons medulla and midbrain (P < 0.05). The low-vitamin K diet did not affect cognition at 6 and 12 mo of age, nor did it affect motor activity or anxiety at any age. Although much remains to be elucidated about the mechanism of action of vitamin K in cognition, this report points to vitamin K as an important nutritional factor contributing to cognitive health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Carrié
- Département de Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, QC, Canada
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