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Ru Y, Luo Y, Liu D, Huang Q, Zhou X, Linghu M, Luo X, Lv Z, Wu Y, Zhang H, Huang Y. Isorhamnetin alleviates ferroptosis-mediated colitis by activating the NRF2/HO-1 pathway and chelating iron. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 135:112318. [PMID: 38795598 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) had been identified as a key factor in the development of ulcerative colitis (UC). Therefore, targeted inhibition of ferroptosis may provide a new strategy for the treatment of UC. Isorhamnetin (ISO) was an O-methylated flavonol with therapeutic effects on a variety of diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders and tumors. However, the role and mechanism of ISO in ferroptosis and associated colitis were rarely investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that ISO could effectively alleviate intestinal inflammation by inhibiting ferroptosis of IECs in DSS-induced mice. Moreover, our results shown that ISO acted as a potent and common ferroptosis inhibitor in multiple human and murine cell lines. Mechanistically, ISO inhibited ferroptosis independent of its previously reported targets MEK1 and PI3K, but alleviated oxidative stress by targeting and activating NRF2. Furthermore, ISO could also directly chelate iron to hinder ferroptosis. In conclusion, our study indicated that ISO as a novel potential ferroptosis inhibitor, providing a promising therapeutic strategy for ferroptosis-related colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ru
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yingli Luo
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Didi Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xinru Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Maoyuan Linghu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xianyu Luo
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zicheng Lv
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuhang Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yi Huang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Insitute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230601, China.
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Qi J, Pan Z, Wang X, Zhang N, He G, Jiang X. Research advances of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. polyphenols in inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1305886. [PMID: 38343532 PMCID: PMC10853423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1305886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim., commonly known as Chinese prickly ash, is a well-known spice and traditional Chinese medicine ingredient with a rich history of use in treating inflammatory conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the botanical classification, traditional applications, and anti-inflammatory effects of Z. bungeanum, with a specific focus on its polyphenolic components. These polyphenols have exhibited considerable promise, as evidenced by preclinical studies in animal models, suggesting their therapeutic potential in human inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis, arthritis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative conditions. This positions them as a promising class of natural compounds with the potential to enhance human well-being. However, further research is necessary to fully elucidate their mechanisms of action and develop safe and effective therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Qi
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaoping Pan
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Yu Z, Yue B, Gao R, Zhang B, Geng X, Lv C, Wang H, Wang Z, Wang Z, Dou W. Gastrodin Attenuates Colitis and Prevents Tumorigenesis in Mice by Interrupting TLR4/MD2/NF-κB Signaling Transduction. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:853-866. [PMID: 38584532 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206286233240328045215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic inflammation is one of the causative factors for tumorigenesis. Gastrodin is a main active ingredient isolated from Gastrodia elata Blume, a famous medicinal herb with a long edible history. AIM This study aimed to explore the effects of gastrodin on colitis-associated carcinogenesis (CRC) in mice and to elucidate its potential molecular mechanisms. METHODS Balb/c mice were induced with azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 12 weeks. Gastrodin (50 mg/kg) was administered via oral gavage three times per week until the end of the experiment. Disease indexes, including body weight, bloody diarrhea, colon length, histopathological score, and tumor size, were measured. Tumor cell proliferation was evaluated by BrdU incorporation assay and tumor cell cytotoxicity was assessed by cell counting kit (CCK-8). The expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling molecules, NF-κB luciferase, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or reporter gene assays. The binding affinity between gastrodin and myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD2) was analyzed by molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). RESULTS Gastrodin administration was demonstrated to mitigate various CRC-related symptoms in mice, including weight loss, diarrhea, and tissue abnormalities. Notably, gastrodin suppressed tumor cell growth during colitis- associated tumorigenesis, resulting in fewer and smaller adenomas in the colon. Unlike irinotecan, a broadspectrum antitumor drug, gastrodin did not exhibit apparent cytotoxicity in various colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. Additionally, gastrodin downregulated TLR4/NF-κB signaling molecules and pro-inflammatory mediators in mice and macrophages. Molecular docking and CETSA experiments suggested that gastrodin binds to the MD2 protein, potentially interfering with the recognition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by TLR4, leading to NF-κB pathway inhibition. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for the first time that gastrodin attenuated colitis and prevented colitisrelated carcinogenesis in mice, at least partially, by diminishing tumor-promoting cytokines through the interruption of TLR4/MD2/NF-κB signaling transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilun Yu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bei Yue
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ruiyang Gao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaolong Geng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Dou
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM), Shanghai, 201203, China
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Zhang J, Sun S, Chen H, Feng Y, Li Y, Dong Z. Advances in natural compound-based nanomedicine and the interaction with gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis therapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1197144. [PMID: 37521480 PMCID: PMC10372797 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1197144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder of the large intestine. Previous studies have indicated that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the triggers, development, and treatment response of UC. Natural active molecules and their nanoformulations show huge potential for treating UC. The nanoparticles can regulate the gut microbiota and metabolites, whereas gut microbiota-mediated effects on nanomedicines can also bring additional therapeutic benefits. Therefore, this review aims to integrate current research on natural active molecule-based nanomedicines for UC therapy and their interaction with the gut microbiota. Here, this discussion focuses on the effects and functions of gut microbiota and metabolites in UC. The use of active molecules and the nanoformulation from natural compounds for UC therapy have been provided. The interactions between the gut microbiota and nanomedicines are derived from natural products and elucidate the possible biological mechanisms involved. Finally, the challenges and future directions for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicine in treating UC are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Zhang
- Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Feng
- Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengqi Dong
- Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Chen T, Chen Y, Li K, Chen Z, Zhao Q, Fan Y, Liu Y, Zhang S, Hao Z. Ginkgo biloba Extract Preventively Intervenes in Citrobacter Rodentium-Induced Colitis in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15082008. [PMID: 37111225 PMCID: PMC10145670 DOI: 10.3390/nu15082008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a highly recurrent gastrointestinal disorder and global public health issue. However, it lacks effective and safe strategies for its control. Although Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) has been suggested to exhibit preventive and therapeutic activity for the control of IBD, whether its activity is associated with its ability to modulate intestinal microbiota remains to be addressed. To investigate the effect of GBE on controlling IBD, a Citrobacter Rodentium (CR)-induced mouse colitis model was used, and then histopathological examinations, biochemical assays, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting were performed to detect histological changes, cytokines, and tight junction (TJ) proteins in the intestine samples. We also studied 16s rRNA to detect changes in intestinal microbiota and used GC-MS to determine the microbiota-related metabolites short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The results of our studies revealed that pre-treatment with GBE was sufficient for protecting the animals from CR-induced colitis. As a mechanism for GBE activity, GBE treatment was able to modulate the intestinal microbiota and increase the SCFAs capable of decreasing the pro-inflammatory factors and up-regulating the anti-inflammatory factors while elevating the intestinal-barrier-associated proteins to maintain the integrity of the intestines. Accordingly, our results led to a strong suggestion that GBE should be seriously considered in the preventive control of CR-induced colitis and in the development of effective and safe therapeutic strategies for controlling IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal Function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kaiyuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal Function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal Function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal Function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yimeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal Function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Suxia Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Biology Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Medicinal Function of Food, National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100193, China
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Xue JC, Yuan S, Meng H, Hou XT, Li J, Zhang HM, Chen LL, Zhang CH, Zhang QG. The role and mechanism of flavonoid herbal natural products in ulcerative colitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114086. [PMID: 36502751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine that presents clinically with abdominal pain, mucopurulent stools, and posterior urgency. The lesions of UC are mainly concentrated in the rectal and colonic mucosa and submucosa. For patients with mild to moderate UC, the best pharmacological treatment includes glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, antibiotics, and biologics, but the long-term application can have serious toxic side effects. Currently, nearly 40% of UC patients are treated with herbal natural products in combination with traditional medications to reduce the incidence of toxic side effects. Flavonoid herbal natural products are the most widely distributed polyphenols in plants and fruits, which have certain antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Flavonoid herbal natural products have achieved remarkable efficacy in the treatment of UC. The pharmacological mechanisms are related to anti-inflammation, promotion of mucosal healing, maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis, and regulation of intestinal flora. In this paper, we summarize the flavonoid components of anti-ulcerative colitis and their mechanisms reported in the past 10 years, to provide a basis for rational clinical use and the development of new anti-ulcerative colitis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chen Xue
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116622, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Huan Meng
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116622, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Hou
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116622, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116622, China
| | - Hua-Min Zhang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116622, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Li-Li Chen
- Jinan People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province 271100, China
| | - Cheng-Hao Zhang
- Department of Oral Teaching and Research, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133000, China.
| | - Qing-Gao Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China; Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116622, China.
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Jia X, Li Z, Guo Y, Ma H, Wang J, Xue Y, Li B, Cai Y, Yang Q. The potential mechanism of huazhuojiedu decoction in the treatment of ulcerative colitis based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1033874. [PMID: 36313293 PMCID: PMC9614068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1033874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Huazhuojiedu decoction (HZJDD), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been clinically proven to be an effective treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the mechanism of HZJDD in the treatment of UC remains unclear. This study combined network pharmacology with experimental validation to explore the potential mechanism of HZJDD on UC. First, the relationship network diagrams between HZJDD and UC were established based on multiple databases. Then, the HZJDD-UC intersection genes target network was constructed and Gene Ontology-Biological processes (GO-BP) analysis was performed to discover the potential pharmacological mechanism. Finally, the results of GO-BP were verified in dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) induced UC rats. The network pharmacology results showed that 119 active components and 146 potential targets were screened for HZJDD, and six of the top 15 biological processes belonged to inflammatory response, cellular response to hypoxia, and cellular response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The GO-BP results indicated that the mechanism of HZJDD treatment of UC was related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and the regulation of LPS. Animal experiments showed that HZJDD could significantly reduce the disease activity index (DAI) score, improve colon length, and effectively repair the histomorphological and micromorphological changes in DSS-induced UC rats. Moreover, HZJDD reduced the expressions of CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, LPS, IL-1β, and IL-18; downregulated the activity of MDA; and upregulated the activities of CAT, GSH, and SOD in DSS-induced UC rats. Furthermore, HZJDD suppressed the expression of the NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway at the gene and protein levels to inhibit pyroptosis. Network pharmacology and animal experiments showed that HZJDD exerted a therapeutic effect on DSS-induced UC rats by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and restraining the NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathway to inhibit pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ze Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yucong Xue
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bolin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanru Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Yanru Cai, ; Qian Yang,
| | - Qian Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Yanru Cai, ; Qian Yang,
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Zhang Z, Chong W, Xie X, Liu Y, Shang L, Li L. Hedysarum multijugum Maxim treats ulcerative colitis through the PI3K-AKT and TNF signaling pathway according to network pharmacology and molecular docking. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1132. [PMID: 36388782 PMCID: PMC9652569 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that prevails mainly in western countries. Due to the unknown etiology of UC, the purpose of treatments has predominantly comprised symptomatic and pain relief. With extensive research focusing on the pathogenesis of UC, various novel treatments have emerged, although their efficiency has remained unsatisfactory. Hedysarum multijugum Maxim (HMM), a crucial constituent of traditional Chinese medicine, has a broad application in many diseases and has been found beneficial for UC patients. METHODS In this study, network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses were applied to explore the potential mechanism of HMM treating UC. Active ingredients of HMM and target genes were acquired from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). UC-related genes were obtained from three disease databases. Common genes were selected from these two gene sets, and a compound-genes network was drawn by Cytoscape. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses were performed to identify the essential pathways and proteins in UC. RESULTS A total of 121 genes were found related to UC and targeted by HMM. The GO and KEGG analyses showed that these genes were associated with inflammation and immune signaling pathways and inflammation-related biological processes (BP) such as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Four active ingredients (quercetin, kaempferol, formononetin, and isorhamnetin) and five genes (RELA, MAPK14, MAPK1, JUN, AKT1) were reserved after screening. Molecular docking further showed that the receptor had a high binding affinity with HMM active ingredients. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that HMM treats UC through four active ingredients (quercetin, kaempferol, formononetin, and isorhamnetin) targeting five hub genes (RELA, MAPK14, MAPK1, JUN, AKT1) by regulating the PI3K-AKT1 and TNF signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Chong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaozhou Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Shang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Leping Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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9
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Aispuro-Hernández E, Vergara-Jiménez MJ, Cárdenas-Torres FI, Martínez-Téllez MA, Ontiveros N. Cactaceae plants as sources of active bioavailable phytochemicals. Food Funct 2022; 13:9720-9733. [PMID: 36106964 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01863b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Arid-land plants from the Cactaceae family are endemic to the Americas and cultivated worldwide. Cactaceous plants and their fruits contain phenolic compounds, betalains, vitamins, carotenoids, minerals, and soluble fiber. Edible cactaceous matrices can be considered functional foods since their consumption may confer health benefits. These plants could be a source of novel bioactive compounds relevant to the area of phytomedicine. However, consumption of high concentrations of active molecules is not necessarily correlated to beneficial physiological effects because phytochemicals must be released from the food matrices under physiological conditions, resist digestion-associated chemical transformations, and remain in their active state in systemic circulation until the target tissues are reached. Notably, although digestion may either increase or decrease the bioactive phytochemicals' activity and stability, non-absorbed compounds may also be relevant for human health. Additionally, food matrices' type and composition and their technological processing operations may influence the compounds' release, stability, and accessibility. Thus, this review provides insights on the feasibility of using Cactaceae plants as sources of functional compounds. It is focused on compounds' bioactivity, bioaccessibility, and overall bioavailability after their metabolic transformation. Also, it addresses the influence of food processing on bioactive compounds. Many Cactaceae species are unexplored, and our understanding of how they confer health benefits is limited. To better understand the physiological relevance, nutraceutical potential, and therapeutic feasibility of cactaceous bioactive phytochemicals, future research should focus on the metabolic stability and safety of these compounds, as well as their assimilation mechanisms (absorption, distribution, and metabolic fate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Aispuro-Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, 80019, Mexico
| | - Marcela J Vergara-Jiménez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, 80019, Mexico
| | - Feliznando I Cárdenas-Torres
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, 80019, Mexico
| | | | - Noé Ontiveros
- División de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Laboratorio de Análisis Clínicos e Investigación (LACIUS, URS), Universidad de Sonora, Navojoa, Sonora, 85880, Mexico.
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10
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Biological Activities Underlying the Therapeutic Effect of Quercetin on Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:5665778. [PMID: 35915741 PMCID: PMC9338876 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5665778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder stemming from unrestrained immune activation and subsequent destruction of colon tissue. Genetic susceptibility, microbiota remodeling, and environmental cues are involved in IBD pathogenesis. Up to now, there are limited treatment options for IBD, so better therapies for IBD are eagerly needed. The therapeutic effects of naturally occurring compounds have been extensively investigated, among which quercetin becomes an attractive candidate owing to its unique biochemical properties. To facilitate the clinical translation of quercetin, we aimed to get a comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-IBD role of quercetin. We summarized that quercetin exerts the anti-IBD effect through consolidating the intestinal mucosal barrier, enhancing the diversity of colonic microbiota, restoring local immune homeostasis, and restraining the oxidative stress response. We also delineated the effect of quercetin on gut microbiome and discussed the potential side effects of quercetin administration. Besides, quercetin could serve as a prodrug, and the bioavailability of quercetin is improved through chemical modifications or the utilization of effective drug delivery systems. Altogether, these lines of evidence hint the feasibility of quercetin as a candidate compound for IBD treatment.
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11
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Pirvu L, Stefaniu A, Neagu G, Pintilie L. Studies on Anemone nemorosa L. extracts; polyphenols profile, antioxidant activity, and effects on Caco-2 cells by in vitro and in silico studies. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, two polar extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) from the aerial part of Anemone nemorosa L. (dried plant) were assessed to reveal their polyphenols profile, antioxidant activity, cytotoxic, and antiproliferative activity on Caco-2 (ATCC-HTB-37) cell line. In silico studies on two key compounds, protoanemonin and anemonin, on four molecular targets – cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2, and human tankyrase 1 and human tankyrase 2 in relation to human colon cancer cell development have also been achieved. The results are as follows: caffeic acid esters and quercetin glycosides, including (iso)rhamnetin derivates, are the major polyphenol compounds in wood anemone polar extracts; the two polar extracts indicated very strong antioxidant activity in the interval from 0.1 to 5 µg [GAE] per 1 mL sample (IC50 < 0.290 µg GAE/mL), and in vitro studies on Caco-2 cells have revealed their simultaneous stimulatory and protective activity exactly in the concentration area with the strongest antioxidant activity. In silico studies have revealed moderate inhibitory activity of the two key compounds, anemonin and protoanemonin, on the four molecular targets studied; it was concluded having particular benefits of the wood anemone polar extracts in managing postoperative intestinal recovery, and generally in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Pirvu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development , 112 Vitan Av., Sector 3 , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Amalia Stefaniu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development , 112 Vitan Av., Sector 3 , Bucharest , Romania
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development , 112 Vitan Av., Sector 3 , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Georgeta Neagu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development , 112 Vitan Av., Sector 3 , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Lucia Pintilie
- Department of Synthesis, Bioactive Substances and Pharmaceutical Technologies, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development , 112 Vitan Av., Sector 3 , Bucharest , Romania
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12
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Dutta M, Lim JJ, Cui JY. Pregnane X Receptor and the Gut-Liver Axis: A Recent Update. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:478-491. [PMID: 34862253 PMCID: PMC11022899 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that the pregnane X receptor (PXR)/Nr1i2 is a critical xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor enriched in liver and intestine and is responsible for drug-drug interactions, due to its versatile ligand binding domain (LBD) and target genes involved in xenobiotic biotransformation. PXR can be modulated by various xenobiotics including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, dietary factors, and environmental chemicals. Microbial metabolites such as certain secondary bile acids (BAs) and the tryptophan metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) are endogenous PXR activators. Gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as an important regulator for host xenobiotic biotransformation and intermediary metabolism. PXR regulates and is regulated by the gut-liver axis. This review summarizes recent research advancements leveraging pharmaco- and toxico-metagenomic approaches that have redefined the previous understanding of PXR. Key topics covered in this review include: (1) genome-wide investigations on novel PXR-target genes, novel PXR-DNA interaction patterns, and novel PXR-targeted intestinal bacteria; (2) key PXR-modulating activators and suppressors of exogenous and endogenous sources; (3) novel bidirectional interactions between PXR and gut microbiome under physiologic, pathophysiological, pharmacological, and toxicological conditions; and (4) modifying factors of PXR-signaling including species and sex differences and time (age, critical windows of exposure, and circadian rhythm). The review also discusses critical knowledge gaps and important future research topics centering around PXR. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review summarizes recent research advancements leveraging O'mics approaches that have redefined the previous understanding of the xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor (PXR). Key topics include: (1) genome-wide investigations on novel PXR-targeted host genes and intestinal bacteria as well as novel PXR-DNA interaction patterns; (2) key PXR modulators including microbial metabolites under physiological, pathophysiological, pharmacological, and toxicological conditions; and (3) modifying factors including species, sex, and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Dutta
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joe Jongpyo Lim
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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13
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Shahhamzehei N, Abdelfatah S, Efferth T. In Silico and In Vitro Identification of Pan-Coronaviral Main Protease Inhibitors from a Large Natural Product Library. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:308. [PMID: 35337106 PMCID: PMC8952009 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The main protease (Mpro or 3CLpro) in coronaviruses represents a promising specific drug target as it is essential for the cleavage of the virus polypeptide and has a unique cleavage site that does not exist in human host proteases. In this study, we explored potential natural pan-coronavirus drugs using in vitro and in silico approaches and three coronavirus main proteases as treatment targets. The PyRx program was used to screen 39,442 natural-product-like compounds from the ZINC database and 121 preselected phytochemicals from medicinal plants with known antiviral activity. After assessment with Lipinski's rule of five, molecular docking was performed for the top 33 compounds of both libraries. Enzymatic assays were applied for the top candidates from both in silico approaches to test their ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The four compounds (hypericin, rosmarinic acid, isorhamnetin, and luteolin) that most efficiently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Mpro in vitro were further tested for their efficacy in inhibiting Mpro of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. Microscale thermophoresis was performed to determine dissociation constant (Kd) values to validate the binding of these active compounds to recombinant Mpro proteins of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and MERS-CoV. The cytotoxicity of hypericin, rosmarinic acid, isorhamnetin, and luteolin was assessed in human diploid MRC-5 lung fibroblasts using the resazurin cell viability assay to determine their therapeutic indices. Sequence alignment of Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated 96.08%, 50.83%, 49.17%, 48.51%, 44.04%, and 41.06% similarity to Mpro of other human-pathogenic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-229E, respectively). Molecular docking showed that 12 out of 121 compounds were bound to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro at the same binding site as the control inhibitor, GC376. Enzyme inhibition assays revealed that hypericin, rosmarinic acid, isorhamnetin, and luteolin inhibited Mpro of SARS-CoV-2, while hypericin and isorhamnetin inhibited Mpro of SARS-CoV-1; hypericin showed inhibitory effects toward Mpro of MERS-CoV. Microscale thermophoresis confirmed the binding of these compounds to Mpro with high affinity. Resazurin assays showed that rosmarinic acid and luteolin were not cytotoxic toward MRC-5 cells, whereas hypericin and isorhamnetin were slightly cytotoxic. We demonstrated that hypericin represents a potential novel pan-anti-coronaviral agent by binding to and inhibiting Mpro of several human-pathogenic coronaviruses. Moreover, isorhamnetin showed inhibitory effects toward SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 Mpro, indicating that this compound may have some pan-coronaviral potential. Luteolin had inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (N.S.); (S.A.)
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14
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Pandurangan AK, Mohebali N, Hasanpourghadi M, Esa NM. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Through Modulation of NF-κB and Cell Adhesion Molecules. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:1091-1104. [PMID: 35040047 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a serious health condition and defined as inflammation in the colon. Untreated, UC can develop into colitis-associated cancer (CAC), for which effective medicines are not available. Natural products are a better choice to treat UC by alleviating the inflammation. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a phenolic compound and known for its beneficial effects, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anticancer. We aimed to study the effect of CAPE on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mouse model. Administration of CAPE to DSS-induced mice protected against colon damage by improving body weight of mice, reducing the weight of spleen, and increased colon length. In addition, administration of CAPE resulted reduced the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and CD68+ positive cells. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the production of key cytokines and the expression of nuclear factor (p65-NF)-κB. Moreover, p65-NF-κB activation was reduced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells from mouse origin. CAPE treatment leads to the reduced expressions of intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecules (VCAM), both are key cell adhesion molecules. The results of this study clearly indicate that CAPE can potentially control inflammation in the colon and can be used as a therapy for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, GST road, Vandalur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600048, India.
| | - Nooshin Mohebali
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohadeseh Hasanpourghadi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Norhaizan Mohd Esa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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15
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Little M, Dutta M, Li H, Matson A, Shi X, Mascarinas G, Molla B, Weigel K, Gu H, Mani S, Cui JY. Understanding the physiological functions of the host xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors PXR and CAR on the gut microbiome using genetically modified mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:801-820. [PMID: 35256948 PMCID: PMC8897037 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological activation of the xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is well-known to increase drug metabolism and reduce inflammation. Little is known regarding their physiological functions on the gut microbiome. In this study, we discovered bivalent hormetic functions of PXR/CAR modulating the richness of the gut microbiome using genetically engineered mice. The absence of PXR or CAR increased microbial richness, and absence of both receptors synergistically increased microbial richness. PXR and CAR deficiency increased the pro-inflammatory bacteria Helicobacteraceae and Helicobacter. Deficiency in both PXR and CAR increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, which has bile salt hydrolase activity, corresponding to decreased primary taurine-conjugated bile acids (BAs) in feces, which may lead to higher internal burden of taurine and unconjugated BAs, both of which are linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, and cytotoxicity. The basal effect of PXR/CAR on the gut microbiome was distinct from pharmacological and toxicological activation of these receptors. Common PXR/CAR-targeted bacteria were identified, the majority of which were suppressed by these receptors. hPXR-TG mice had a distinct microbial profile as compared to wild-type mice. This study is the first to unveil the basal functions of PXR and CAR on the gut microbiome.
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Key Words
- BA, bile acid
- BSH, bile salt hydrolase
- Bile acids
- CA, cholic acid
- CAR
- CAR, constitutive androstane receptor
- CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid
- CITCO, 6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde O-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxime
- CV, conventional
- CYP, cytochrome P450
- DCA, deoxycholic acid
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- Feces
- GF, germ free
- GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- Gut microbiome
- HDCA, hyodeoxycholic acid
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IFNγ, interferon-gamma
- IL, interleukin
- IS, internal standards
- Inflammation
- LCA, lithocholic acid
- LC–MS/MS, liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
- MCA, muricholic acid
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- Mice
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- Nuclear receptor
- OH, hydroxylated
- OTUs, operational taxonomy units
- PA, indole-3 propionic acid
- PBDEs, polybrominated diphenyl ethers
- PCBs, polychlorinated biphenyls
- PCoA, Principle Coordinate Analysis
- PXR
- PXR, pregnane X receptor
- PiCRUSt, Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Observed States
- QIIME, Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology
- SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids
- SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism
- SPF, specific-pathogen-free
- T, wild type
- T-, taurine conjugated
- TCPOBOP, 1,4-bis-[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)]benzene, 3,3′,5,5′-Tetrachloro-1,4-bis(pyridyloxy)benzene
- TGR-5, Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5
- TLR4, toll-like receptor 4
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid
- YAP, yes-associated protein
- hPXR-TG, humanized PXR transgenic
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Little
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Adam Matson
- University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Xiaojian Shi
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Gabby Mascarinas
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Bruk Molla
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Kris Weigel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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16
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Kalai FZ, Boulaaba M, Ferdousi F, Isoda H. Effects of Isorhamnetin on Diabetes and Its Associated Complications: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies and a Post Hoc Transcriptome Analysis of Involved Molecular Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:704. [PMID: 35054888 PMCID: PMC8775402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, especially type 2 (T2DM), is a major public health problem globally. DM is characterized by high levels of glycemia and insulinemia due to impaired insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity of the cells, known as insulin resistance. T2DM causes multiple and severe complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy causing cell oxidative damages in different internal tissues, particularly the pancreas, heart, adipose tissue, liver, and kidneys. Plant extracts and their bioactive phytochemicals are gaining interest as new therapeutic and preventive alternatives for T2DM and its associated complications. In this regard, isorhamnetin, a plant flavonoid, has long been studied for its potential anti-diabetic effects. This review describes its impact on reducing diabetes-related disorders by decreasing glucose levels, ameliorating the oxidative status, alleviating inflammation, and modulating lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation by regulating involved signaling pathways reported in the in vitro and in vivo studies. Additionally, we include a post hoc whole-genome transcriptome analysis of biological activities of isorhamnetin using a stem cell-based tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Zar Kalai
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; (F.Z.K.); (M.B.); (F.F.)
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology, Technopark of Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Mondher Boulaaba
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; (F.Z.K.); (M.B.); (F.F.)
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology, Technopark of Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; (F.Z.K.); (M.B.); (F.F.)
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; (F.Z.K.); (M.B.); (F.F.)
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
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17
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Yan T, Luo Y, Xia Y, Hamada K, Wang Q, Yan N, Krausz KW, Ward JM, Hao H, Wang P, Gonzalez FJ. St. John's Wort alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis through pregnane X receptor-dependent NFκB antagonism. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21968. [PMID: 34644426 PMCID: PMC10167919 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001098r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
St. John's wort (SJW), from traditional herbs, activates the pregnane X receptor (PXR), a potential drug target for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, how SJW alleviates dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced experimental IBD by activating PXR is unknown. To test this, PXR-humanized, wild-type (WT) and Pxr-null mice, primary intestinal organoids cultures, and the luciferase reporter gene assays were employed. In vivo, a diet supplemented with SJW was found to activate intestinal PXR both in WT and PXR-humanized mice, but not in Pxr-null mice. SJW prevented DSS-induced IBD in PXR-humanized and WT mice, but not in Pxr-null mice. In vitro, hyperforin, a major component of SJW, activated PXR and suppressed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-induced nuclear factor (NF) κB translocation in primary intestinal organoids from PXR-humanized mice, but not Pxr-null mice. Luciferase reporter gene assays showed that hyperforin dose-dependently alleviated TNFα-induced NFκB transactivation by activating human PXR in Caco2 cells. Furthermore, SJW therapeutically attenuated DSS-induced IBD in PXR-humanized mice. These data indicate the therapeutic potential of SJW in alleviating DSS-induced IBD in vivo, and TNFα-induced NFκB activation in vitro, dependent on PXR activation, which may have clinical implications for using SJW as a herbal drug anti-IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yan
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuhong Luo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yangliu Xia
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keisuke Hamada
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Qiong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nana Yan
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jerrold M Ward
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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18
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Yang Z, Zheng Y, Tursumamat N, Zhu M. Synthesis of 3'-O-Alkyl Homologues and a Biotin Probe of Isorhamnetin and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Efficacy on Cancer Cells. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100301. [PMID: 34561940 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Isorhamnetin is a natural flavonoid which shows a variety of biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor. In order to identify the cellular binding protein of isorhamnetin as potential anti-cancer target, we first synthesized 3'-O-substituted quercetin as isorhamnetin homologues and evaluated the growth inhibitory activity of these derivatives on breast, colon and prostate cancer cell lines. The preliminary results showed that the 3'-O modification did not affect the cytotoxic activity of the scaffold. Analysis of the co-crystal structure and the docking pose of isorhamnetin with reported binding protein of isorhamnetin or quercetin indicated the 3'-O-substitution groups located outside of the binding pocket, which is in accordance with activity of 3'-O derivatives. Then a biotin conjugate of isorhamnetin with a tetraethylene glycol (PEG)4 linker at the 3' position was synthesized and the resulting probe retained the anti-proliferative activity on cancer cell lines, while the cellular fluorescence analysis showed the distribution of probe inside the cells which indicated the probe had limited cell permeability. Finally, pull down assay both in situ inside cells and in the cell lysates indicated the isorhamnetin biotin probe was capable of protein labeling in cell lysates. These findings provide the isorhamnetin 3'-O-biotin probe as a tool to reveal the target proteins of isorhamnetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Nafisa Tursumamat
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mingyan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, China
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19
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Yu Y, Zheng C, Lu X, Deng C, Xu Q, Guo W, Wu Q, Wang Q, Liu C, Huang X, Song J. GB1a Ameliorates Ulcerative Colitis via Regulation of the NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways in an Experimental Model. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:654867. [PMID: 34557497 PMCID: PMC8452853 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.654867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease. The intake of African Garcinia Kola nuts has been reported as a therapy for diarrhea and dysentery in the African population. However, the mechanism of action through which Garcinia Kola nuts act to ameliorates UC remains unknown. GB1a is the main active component of Garcinia Kola nuts. In this study, we explored the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanism of GB1a on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC. Human Colonic Epithelial Cells (HCoEpic) were challenged with TNF-α to test the effects of GB1a in protecting against oxidative stress and inflammation in vitro. Our data showed that GB1a significantly attenuated DSS-induced colonic inflammatory injury manifested as reversed loss of body weight and disease activity index (DAI) scores in UC mice. We also showed that GB1a improved the permeability of the intestinal epithelium by modulating the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin). Mechanistically, GB1a may activate the Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway and suppress the nuclear translocation of NF-κB in reduced oxidative stress and expression of inflammatory genes induced by TNF-α in HCoEpic cells. Our study suggests that GB1a alleviates inflammation, oxidative stress and the permeability of the colonic epithelial mucosa in UC mice via the repression of NF-κB and activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congmin Zheng
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changsheng Deng
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital and The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital and The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Guo
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital and The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingye Wu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhui Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinan Huang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital and The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Song
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital and The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Based on Network Pharmacology to Explore the Potential Bioactive Compounds and Mechanisms of Zuojin Pill for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7567025. [PMID: 34484403 PMCID: PMC8416371 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7567025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Zuojin Pill (ZJP), a classic prescription, has the potential to prevent ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the active components and mechanisms of ZJP are still arcane. This study aimed to use a network pharmacology approach to find the bioactive compounds and potential action mechanisms of ZJP in the treatment of UC. Methods Firstly, the components and putative targets of ZJP were collected based on herbal medicine target databases, and a network containing the interaction between the targets of ZJP and the potential therapeutic targets of UC was established. Then, topological parameters were calculated to identify the key targets in the network and, in turn, to import them into the David database to perform path enrichment analysis. Results 14 potential therapeutic components of ZJP and 26 key targets were obtained. These targets were related to signal transduction, MAPK cascade, inflammatory response, immune response, and the apoptotic process of UC. Moreover, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and Prolactin signaling pathway were predicted to participate in ZJP treating UC. Among them, 14 active components of ZJP directly regulate these pathways. Conclusion ZJP could alleviate UC through the predicted components and mechanisms. The 14 predicted active components of ZJP may mainly play a therapeutic role for UC through synergistic regulation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway.
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21
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Garcinol Encapsulated Ph-Sensitive Biodegradable Nanoparticles: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060862. [PMID: 33799680 PMCID: PMC7999919 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of pH-sensitive nanoscale particles is beneficial due to their ability to only release cargo in a colonic pH environment, which helps to directly target inflamed tissues in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Hence, we have designed the formulation of pH-sensitive biodegradable garcinol (GAR)-loaded poly (lactic–co–glycolic acid) (PLGA) coated with Eudragit® S100 (ES100) (GAR-PLGA-ES100 nanoparticles (NPs)) for reducing inflammation caused by proinflammatory cytokines. The GAR-PLGA-ES100 NPs were prepared using a solvent evaporation technique and characterized for shape and surface morphology. An in vitro drug release study revealed the release of the drug specifically from NPs at the colonic pH of 7.4. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the GAR-PLGA-ES100 NPs was also evaluated and found to be highly biocompatible with CACO-2 cells. These NPs were able to reduce lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Inhibition of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α , chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 and the nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB) was observed after GAR-PLGA-ES100 NPs treatment. Therefore, our results support the idea that GAR-PLGA-ES100 NPs show substantial improvement after the release of the drug, specifically in colonic pH targeting and reduction in the activation of inflammation that leads to IBD, suggesting that GAR-PLGA-ES100 NPs are promising candidates for oral delivery to colonic inflamed tissue.
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22
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Matboli M, Ibrahim D, Hasanin AH, Hassan MK, Habib EK, Bekhet MM, Afifi AM, Eissa S. Epigenetic modulation of autophagy genes linked to diabetic nephropathy by administration of isorhamnetin in Type 2 diabetes mellitus rats. Epigenomics 2021; 13:187-202. [PMID: 33406900 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess isorhamnetin efficacy for diabetic kidney disease in a Type 2 diabetes mellitus rat model, through investigating its effect at the epigenetic, mRNA and protein levels. Materials & methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by streptozotocin and high-fat diet. Rats were treated with isorhamnetin (50 mg/kg/d) for 4 or 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, renal and lipid profiles were evaluated. Renal tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy. Autophagy genes (FYCO1, ULK, TECPR1 and WIPI2) and miR-15b, miR-34a and miR-633 were assessed by qRT-PCR, and LC3A/B by immunoblotting. Results: Isorhamnetin improved fasting blood glucose, renal and lipid profiles with increased autophagosomes in renal tissues. It suppressed miRNA regulation of autophagy genes. Conclusion: We propose a molecular mechanism for the isorhamnetin renoprotective effect by modulation of autophagy epigenetic regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Matboli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, PO Box 11381, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, PO Box 11381, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany H Hasanin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, PO Box 11381, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K Hassan
- Department of Biology/Zoology, Biotechnology program, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Egypt
- Zewail City for Science & Technology, Helmy Institute for Medical Science, Center for Genomics, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman K Habib
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, PO Box 11381, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Miram M Bekhet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes & Endocrinology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, PO Box 11381, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Afifi
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egyp, Abbassia, PO Box 11381, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sanaa Eissa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, PO Box 11381, Cairo, Egypt
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23
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Safe S, Jayaraman A, Chapkin RS, Howard M, Mohankumar K, Shrestha R. Flavonoids: structure-function and mechanisms of action and opportunities for drug development. Toxicol Res 2021; 37:147-162. [PMID: 33868973 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic phytochemicals produced in fruits, nuts and vegetables and dietary consumption of these structurally diverse compounds is associated with multiple health benefits including increased lifespan, decreased cardiovascular problems and low rates of metabolic diseases. Preclinical studies with individual flavonoids demonstrate that these compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities and they enhance the immune system. Their effectiveness in both chemoprevention and chemotherapy is associated with their targeting of multiple genes/pathways including nuclear receptors, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), kinases, receptor tyrosine kinases and G protein-coupled receptors. However, despite the remarkable preclinical activities of flavonoids, their clinical applications have been limited and this is due, in part, to problems in drug delivery and poor bioavailability and these problems are being addressed. Further improvements that will expand clinical applications of flavonoids include mechanism-based precision medicine approaches which will identify critical mechanisms of action of individual flavonoids with optimal activities that can be used in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4466 USA
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Marcell Howard
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4466 USA
| | - Kumaravel Mohankumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4466 USA
| | - Rupesh Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
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24
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Uchida Y, Ferdousi F, Zheng YW, Oda T, Isoda H. Global Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Isorhamnetin Induces Hepatic-Lineage Specific Differentiation in Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:578036. [PMID: 33224947 PMCID: PMC7674172 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.578036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs), derived from discarded term placenta, is anticipated as a new stem cell resource because of their advantages over embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), such as no risk of tumorigenicity and minimal ethical issue. hAECs have been reported to differentiate into hepatic-like cells (HLCs) with variable functionalities suitable for cell-based therapy of end-stage liver diseases, drug screening, and drug toxicity tests. On the other hand, a new research stream has been evolving to use natural compounds as stimulants of stem cell differentiation because of their high availability and minimum side effects. Isorhamnetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid commonly found in fruits and vegetables and has been reported to improve hepatic fibrosis and steatosis. In this present study, we have screened the differentiation potential of isorhamnetin in hAECs. The cells were grown on 3D cell culture and were treated with 20 μM of synthesized isorhamnetin for 10 days without adding any additional growth factors. DNA microarray global gene expression analysis was conducted for differentially expressed genes between isorhamnetin-treated and untreated control cells, gene expression validation was carried out using RT-qPCR method, and finally, several hepatic functions were assessed. Microarray analysis showed that isorhamnetin could activate essential biological processes, molecular functions, and signaling pathways for hepatic differentiation. Hepatic progenitor markers, EPCAM and DLK1, were upregulated in the isorhamnetin-treated hAECs. AFP was downregulated, while ALB was upregulated on Day 10. Furthermore, isorhamnetin-treated cells could show increased CYP enzyme mRNA levels, ICG uptake and release, glycogen storage activity, and urea secretion. Additionally, isorhamnetin-treated cells did not show any trace of transdifferentiation evident by significant downregulation of several colon- and cholangiocyte-specific markers. However, longer treatment with isorhamnetin did not promote hepatic maturation. Altogether, our findings indicate that isorhamnetin has a promising effect on directing the hepatic-lineage specific differentiation in hAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Uchida
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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25
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Daujat-Chavanieu M, Gerbal-Chaloin S. Regulation of CAR and PXR Expression in Health and Disease. Cells 2020; 9:E2395. [PMID: 33142929 PMCID: PMC7692647 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that mainly act as ligand-activated transcription factors. Their functions have long been associated with the regulation of drug metabolism and disposition, and it is now well established that they are implicated in physiological and pathological conditions. Considerable efforts have been made to understand the regulation of their activity by their cognate ligand; however, additional regulatory mechanisms, among which the regulation of their expression, modulate their pleiotropic effects. This review summarizes the current knowledge on CAR and PXR expression during development and adult life; tissue distribution; spatial, temporal, and metabolic regulations; as well as in pathological situations, including chronic diseases and cancers. The expression of CAR and PXR is modulated by complex regulatory mechanisms that involve the interplay of transcription factors and also post-transcriptional and epigenetic modifications. Moreover, many environmental stimuli affect CAR and PXR expression through mechanisms that have not been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Gerbal-Chaloin
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
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26
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Ren X, Han L, Li Y, Zhao H, Zhang Z, Zhuang Y, Zhong M, Wang Q, Ma W, Wang Y. Isorhamnetin attenuates TNF-α-induced inflammation, proliferation, and migration in human bronchial epithelial cells via MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:901-913. [PMID: 32865318 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Isorhamnetin has distinct anti-inflammatory activity and inhibits cell proliferation and migration. These effects are also involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. However, the effect of isorhamnetin on bronchial epithelial cells in patients with asthma has not been examined. Cells of human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B were cultured with isorhamnetin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The effects of isorhamnetin on BEAS-2B cell viability were assessed using CCK8 assay. The EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) cell proliferation assay was performed to assess cell proliferation. BEAS-2B cell migration was measured using Transwell and wound healing assays. Real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were conducted to measure the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Protein expression levels were determined by western blotting. Immunofluorescence was used to detect nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). We found that isorhamnetin at 20 and 40 μM reduced the proliferation of BEAS-2B cells induced by TNF-α. Isorhamnetin significantly decreased the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 in BEAS-2B cells induced by TNF-α. Additionally, 10 μM isorhamnetin effectively reduced cell migration induced by TNF-α. Treatment with isorhamnetin inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB pathways induced by TNF-α. In summary, isorhamnetin inhibited the inflammation, proliferation, and migration of BEAS-2B cells by regulating the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and is a drug candidate for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Ren
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Longyin Han
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongxing Li
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanyi Zhao
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyin Zhang
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuerong Zhuang
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Encephalology, Yangjiang People's Hospital, Yangjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Wuhua Ma
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Wang
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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27
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Gong G, Guan YY, Zhang ZL, Rahman K, Wang SJ, Zhou S, Luan X, Zhang H. Isorhamnetin: A review of pharmacological effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110301. [PMID: 32502837 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin is one of the most important active ingredients in the fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides L. and the leaves of Ginkgo biloba L., which possesses extensive pharmacological activities. At present, there have been numerous investigations on isorhamnetin, which has the effects of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, organ protection, prevention of obesity, etc. The related mechanisms involve the regulation of PI3K/AKT/PKB, NF-κB, MAPK and other signaling pathways as well as the expression of related cytokines and kinases. Isorhamnetin has a high value of development and application. However, the investigations on its mechanism of action are limited and lack of detailed scientific validation. The manuscript reviewed the pharmacological effects of isorhamnetin and related mechanisms of action for the development of its medicinal properties further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Gong
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ying-Yun Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhong-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, England, UK
| | - Su-Juan Wang
- Department of Drug Preparation, Hospital of TCM and Hui Nationality Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Wuzhong, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Techniques Department, School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Xin Luan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, PR China.
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Yu Z, Yue B, Ding L, Luo X, Ren Y, Zhang J, Mani S, Wang Z, Dou W. Activation of PXR by Alpinetin Contributes to Abrogate Chemically Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:474. [PMID: 32372959 PMCID: PMC7186371 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpinetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid from the ginger plants. We previously reported the identification of alpinetin as a ligand of human pregnane X receptor (hPXR). The current study investigated the role of alpinetin as a putative PXR activator in ameliorating chemically induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We found that oral administration of alpinetin significantly alleviated the severity of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice by decreasing the inflammatory infiltration, the levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators, and the PXR target genes in the colon. In vitro, alpinetin blocked the nuclear translocation of p-p65 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Further, alpinetin significantly upregulated PXR target genes and inhibited TNF-α-induced NF-κB-luciferase activity in LS174T colorectal cells; however, this regulatory effects were lost when cellular PXR gene was knocked down. In PXR transactivation assays, alpinetin increased both mouse and human PXR transactivation in a dose-dependent manner. Ligand occluding mutants, S247W/C284W and S247W/C284W/S208W, in hPXR-reporter assays, abrogated alpinetin-induced hPXR transactivation. Finally, alpinetin bound to the hPXR-ligand-binding domain (LBD) was confirmed by competitive ligand binding assay. The current study significantly extends prior observations by validating a PXR/NF-κB regulatory mechanism governing alpinetin's anti-inflammatory effects in a murine model of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilun Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Yue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijing Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liu G, Jiang C, Li D, Yao L, Lin Y, Wang B, Qiu J, Wang W, Wang W. Isorhamnetin alleviates esophageal mucosal injury in a chronic model of reflux esophagitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 864:172720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Chai SC, Wright WC, Chen T. Strategies for developing pregnane X receptor antagonists: Implications from metabolism to cancer. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:1061-1083. [PMID: 31782213 DOI: 10.1002/med.21648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor (NR) that was originally identified as a master regulator of xenobiotic detoxification. It regulates the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters to control the degradation and excretion of endobiotics and xenobiotics, including therapeutic agents. The metabolism and disposition of drugs might compromise their efficacy and possibly cause drug toxicity and/or drug resistance. Because many drugs can promiscuously bind and activate PXR, PXR antagonists might have therapeutic value in preventing and overcoming drug-induced PXR-mediated drug toxicity and drug resistance. Furthermore, PXR is now known to have broader cellular functions, including the regulation of cell proliferation, and glucose and lipid metabolism. Thus, PXR might be involved in human diseases such as cancer and metabolic diseases. The importance of PXR antagonists is discussed in the context of the role of PXR in xenobiotic sensing and other disease-related pathways. This review focuses on the development of PXR antagonists, which has been hampered by the promiscuity of PXR ligand binding. However, substantial progress has been made in recent years, suggesting that it is feasible to develop selective PXR antagonists. We discuss the current status, challenges, and strategies in developing selective PXR antagonists. The strategies are based on the molecular mechanisms of antagonism in related NRs that can be applied to the design of PXR antagonists, primarily driven by structural information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio C Chai
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - William C Wright
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Ganbold M, Owada Y, Ozawa Y, Shimamoto Y, Ferdousi F, Tominaga K, Zheng YW, Ohkohchi N, Isoda H. Isorhamnetin Alleviates Steatosis and Fibrosis in Mice with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16210. [PMID: 31700054 PMCID: PMC6838085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most severe and progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which can lead to life-threatening conditions, however, there is still no approved drug for the treatment of NASH. In this study we used human-like NASH mouse model and treated orally with isorhamnetin at a dose of 50 mg/kg to analyze the effect of isorhamnetin on the progression of NASH. NASH-induced mice represented severe steatosis with inflammation, and fibrosis in liver accompanied with high level of liver injury markers in serum. Isorhamnetin treatment reduced intrahepatic lipid accumulation and TG content by inhibiting de novo lipogenic pathway in NASH-induced mice. Consistent with this, isorhamnetin-treated NASH mice showed improved liver injury markers, reduced collagen deposition as well as decreased gene expression of fibrogenic markers. Taken together, here we showed for the first time that synthesized isorhamnetin alleviates pathologic features of NASH and thus can potentially contribute to NASH drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhzul Ganbold
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yohei Owada
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ozawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimamoto
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tominaga
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ohkohchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan. .,Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan. .,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan. .,Faculty of Life and Environment Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan.
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Pregnane X receptor activation constrains mucosal NF-κB activity in active inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221924. [PMID: 31581194 PMCID: PMC6776398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) is a principal signal transducer in mucosal responses to xenobiotic stress. It is well-recognized that inflammatory bowel disease is accompanied by xenobiotic stress, but the importance of the PXR in limiting inflammatory responses in inflammatory bowel disease remains obscure at best. Methods We stimulate a total of 106 colonic biopsies from 19 Crohn’s disease patients with active disease, 36 colonic biopsies from 8 control patients, colonic organoids and various cell culture models (either proficient or genetically deficient with respect to PXR) in vitro with the PXR ligand rifampicin or vehicle. Effects on NF-κB activity are assessed by measuring interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) mRNA levels by qPCR and in cell culture models by NF-κB reporter-driven luciferase activity and Western blot for signal transduction elements. Results We observe a strict inverse correlation between colonic epithelial PXR levels and NF-κB target gene expression in colonic biopsies from Crohn’s disease patients. PXR, activated by rifampicin, is rate-limiting for mucosal NF-κB activation in IBD. The correlation between colonic epithelial PXR levels and NF-κB target gene expression was also observed in intestinal organoids system. Furthermore, in preclinical in vitro models of intestinal inflammation, including intestinal organoids, genetic inactivation of PXR unleashes NF-κB-dependent signal transduction whereas conversely NF-κB signaling reduces levels of PXR expression. Conclusions Our data indicate that the PXR is a major and clinically relevant antagonist of NF-κB activity in the intestinal epithelial compartment during inflammatory bowel disease.
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Lu H, Cheng S, Wu C, Zheng S, Hong W, Liu L, Bai Y. Sedum sarmentosum Bunge extract alleviates inflammation and kidney injury via inhibition of M1-macrophage polarization. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 62:152976. [PMID: 31177020 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedum sarmentosum Bunge extract (SSBE) has been used traditionally to treat liver inflammatory diseases in the Asian area. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of SSBE on renal injury. METHODS We investigated whether SSBE has an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing M1-macrophage polarization in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and in cultured macrophages. In addition, the effect of SSBE on the activities of interferon regulatory factor-5 (IRF5) and NF-κB p65 were further examined. RESULTS Oral administration of SSBE (100 mg kg-1) markedly inhibited the infiltration of CD68-positive macrophages and reduced tubulointerstitial damage in kidney tissues following injury. In addition, SSBE reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokine (MIF), chemokine (MCP-1), interleukin (IL-6), IFN-γ, and TNF-α, which are involved in the infiltration and activation of macrophages. Moreover, SSBE treatment also decreased the synthesis and release of MCP-1 and MIF in tubular epithelial cells after injury. Further study revealed that SSBE downregulated the levels of IL-12 and iNOS, indicating a crucial role of SSBE on the inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization in kidney injury. In cultured macrophages, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced the polarization of macrophage towards M1 phenotype, but was inhibited by SSBE treatment. Notably, SSBE reduced the activities of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and NF-κB p65 in injured kidneys and in LPS-treated macrophages, which was independent of TLR4/MyD88. As a result, SSBE reduced the expression of HIF-1α and the induction of GLUT1, and thereby inhibited anaerobic glycolysis in macrophages. CONCLUSION SSBE exerts a marked anti-inflammatory effect and alleviates kidney injury, at least in part, by suppressing M1-macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shuibing Cheng
- Department of Trauma Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Cunzao Wu
- Department of Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shizhang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Weilong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Leping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yongheng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Staudinger JL. Clinical applications of small molecule inhibitors of Pregnane X receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 485:61-71. [PMID: 30726709 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The canonical effect of Pregnane X Receptor (PXR, NR1I2) agonism includes enhanced hepatic uptake and a concomitant increase in the first-pass metabolism and efflux of drugs in mammalian liver and intestine. In patients undergoing combination therapy, PXR-mediated gene regulation represents the molecular basis of numerous food-drug, herb-drug, and drug-drug interactions. Moreover, PXR activation promotes chemotherapeutic resistance in certain malignancies. Additional research efforts suggest that sustained PXR activation exacerbates the development of fatty liver disease. Additional metabolic effects of PXR activation in liver are the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis. The identification of non-toxic and selective PXR antagonists is therefore of current research interest. Inhibition of PXR should decrease adverse effects, improve therapeutic effectiveness, and advance clinical outcomes in patients with cancer, fatty liver, and diabetes. This review identifies small molecule PXR antagonists described to date, discusses possible molecular mechanisms of inhibition, and seeks to describe the likely biomedical consequences of the inhibition of this nuclear receptor superfamily member.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff L Staudinger
- Basic Sciences, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Joplin, MO, USA.
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Di Cagno R, Filannino P, Vincentini O, Cantatore V, Cavoski I, Gobbetti M. Fermented Portulaca oleracea L. Juice: A Novel Functional Beverage with Potential Ameliorating Effects on the Intestinal Inflammation and Epithelial Injury. Nutrients 2019; 11:E248. [PMID: 30678049 PMCID: PMC6412393 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
P. oleracea L. contains high level of nutrients and biologically active compounds. Recently, lactic fermentation has been proposed as a biotechnological option to enrich the profile of biogenic compounds of Portulaca oleracea L. puree. This study investigated the capability of fermentation by selected lactic acid bacteria to enhance the restoring features of Portulaca oleracea juice towards intestinal inflammation and epithelial injury. Lactic acid fermentation markedly increased the total antioxidant capacity of P. oleracea juice, preserved the inherent levels of vitamins C, A, and E, and increased the bioavailability of the level of vitamin B₂ and that of phenolics. The effects of fermented P. oleracea juice on a Caco-2 cell line were investigated using an in vitro model closest to the in vivo conditions. Fermented P. oleracea juice strongly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species. It also counteracted the disruption of the Caco-2 cell monolayers treated with the inflammatory stimulus. We used a diversified spectrum of lactic acid bacteria species, and some effects appeared to be strains- or species-specific. Fermentation with Lactobacillus kunkeei B7 ensured the best combination for the content of bioactive compounds and the ability to counteract the intestinal inflammation and epithelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Libera Università di Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Filannino
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Olimpia Vincentini
- Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Cantatore
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Ivana Cavoski
- CIHEAM-MAIB, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Libera Università di Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
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Huang D, Xia Q, Li F, Yang W, Nie S, Xie M. Attenuation of intestinal inflammation of polysaccharides from the seeds ofPlantago asiaticaL. as affected by ultrasonication. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danfei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Qiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Fenfen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Weiyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) Nanchang University Nanchang China
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China‐Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang) Nanchang University Nanchang China
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Liu M, Zhang G, Zheng C, Song M, Liu F, Huang X, Bai S, Huang X, Lin C, Zhu C, Hu Y, Mi S, Liu C. Activating the pregnane X receptor by imperatorin attenuates dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3563-3580. [PMID: 29945292 PMCID: PMC6086988 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Activation of the human pregnane X receptor (PXR; NR1I2) has potential therapeutic uses for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Imperatorin (IMP), a naturally occurring coumarin, is the main bioactive ingredient of Angelica dahurica Radix, which is regularly used to treat the common cold and intestinal disorders. However, there are no data on the protective effects of IMP against IBD. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of IMP on PXR-modulated cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) expression were assessed using a PXR transactivation assay, a mammalian two-hybrid assay, a competitive ligand-binding assay, analysis of CYP3A4 mRNA and protein expression levels and measurement of CYP3A4 activity using a cell-based reporter gene assay and in vitro model. The inhibitory effects of IMP on NF-κB activity were evaluated by a reporter assay and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. The anti-IBD effects of IMP were investigated in a dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. Colon inflammatory cytokines were assessed by elisa. KEY RESULTS IMP activated CYP3A4 promoter activity, recruited steroid receptor coactivator 1 to the ligand-binding domain of PXR and increased the expression and activity of CYP3A4. PXR knockdown substantially reduced IMP-induced increase in CYP3A4 expression. Furthermore, IMP-mediated PXR activation suppressed the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and down-regulated LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Nevertheless, PXR knockdown partially reduced the IMP-mediated inhibition of NF-κB. IMP ameliorated DSS-induced colitis by PXR/NF-κB signalling. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS IMP acts as a PXR agonist to attenuate DSS-induced colitis by suppression of the NF-κB-mediated pro-inflammatory response in a PXR/NF-κB-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijing Liu
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Guohui Zhang
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Chunge Zheng
- Institute of Tropical MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Meng Song
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Fangle Liu
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaotao Huang
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Shasha Bai
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinan Huang
- Institute of Tropical MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Chaozhan Lin
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yingjie Hu
- Institute of Tropical MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Suiqing Mi
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Changhui Liu
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
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Hussein RM, Saleh H. Promising therapeutic effect of gold nanoparticles against dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1657-1679. [PMID: 30085904 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of two different doses of naked gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in the experimental colitis in rats. Materials & methods: Colitis was induced in rats by single intracolonic instillation of dinitro-benzene sulfonic acid (250 μl DNBS-25 mg/rat). 4 days later the rats were intravenously injected with a single dose of AuNPs 40 and 400 μg/kg of size 16-25 nm. Results: In comparison with dinitro-benzene sulfonic acid-colitis group, the exposure to AuNPs for 72 h ameliorated the liver and kidney functions, increased the regenerative capacity of damaged colon tissues, suppressed the inflammatory cytokine response and diminished the colonic malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase activities. In addition, there was a remarkable improvement in the antioxidant defense system. Conclusion: Our study suggested a new therapy for experimental colitis without noticeable drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M Hussein
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, PO Box 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan Saleh
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, PO Box 12613, Giza, Egypt
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fargesin on Chemically Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061380. [PMID: 29880739 PMCID: PMC6100621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fargesin is a bioactive lignan from Flos Magnoliae, an herb widely used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and headache in Asia. We sought to investigate whether fargesin ameliorates experimental inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mice. Oral administration of fargesin significantly attenuated the symptoms of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice by decreasing the inflammatory infiltration and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, reducing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α secretion, and inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production in colitis mice. The degradation of inhibitory κBα (IκBα), phosphorylation of p65, and mRNA expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) target genes were inhibited by fargesin treatment in the colon of the colitis mice. In vitro, fargesin blocked the nuclear translocation of p-p65, downregulated the protein levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and dose-dependently inhibited the activity of NF-κB-luciferase in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Taken together, for the first time, the current study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of fargesin on chemically induced IBD might be associated with NF-κB signaling suppression. The findings may contribute to the development of therapies for human IBD by using fargesin or its derivatives.
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Isorhamnetin, the active constituent of a Chinese herb Hippophae rhamnoides L, is a potent suppressor of dendritic-cell maturation and trafficking. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 55:216-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mohandas S, Vairappan B. Role of pregnane X-receptor in regulating bacterial translocation in chronic liver diseases. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:1210-1226. [PMID: 29184608 PMCID: PMC5696604 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i32.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial translocation (BT) has been impeccably implicated as a driving factor in the pathogenesis of a spectrum of chronic liver diseases (CLD). Scientific evidence accumulated over the last four decades has implied that the disease pathologies in CLD and BT are connected as a loop in the gut-liver axis and exacerbate each other. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor and nuclear receptor that is expressed ubiquitously along the gut-liver-axis. PXR has been intricately associated with the regulation of various mechanisms attributed in causing BT. The importance of PXR as the mechanistic linker molecule in the gut-liver axis and its role in regulating bacterial interactions with the host in CLD has not been explored. PubMed was used to perform an extensive literature search using the keywords PXR and bacterial translocation, PXR and chronic liver disease including cirrhosis. In an adequate expression state, PXR acts as a sensor for bile acid dysregulation and bacterial derived metabolites, and in response shapes the immune profile beneficial to the host. Activation of PXR could be therapeutic in CLD as it counter-regulates endotoxin mediated inflammation and maintains the integrity of intestinal epithelium. This review mainly focuses PXR function and its regulation in BT in the context of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundhar Mohandas
- Liver Diseases Research Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvantari Nagar, Pondicherry 605006, India
| | - Balasubramaniyan Vairappan
- Liver Diseases Research Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Dhanvantari Nagar, Pondicherry 605006, India
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Therapeutic efficacy of a combined sage and bitter apple phytopharmaceutical in chronic DSS-induced colitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14214. [PMID: 29079781 PMCID: PMC5660161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are multifactorial disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with rising incidence worldwide. Current standard therapies are only partially effective and often show severe adverse effects. Thus, novel, more efficient and well-tolerated therapeutic options are urgently needed. We have studied the therapeutic potential of a phytopharmaceutical combining sage and bitter apple (SBA) in the mouse model of chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis. SBA represents a traditional medicine against diarrhea and was shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. In the chronic DSS colitis model SBA treatment significantly reduced clinical symptoms in a dose-dependent manner. The positive therapeutic effect of SBA was characterized by a decreased histopathological score indicating tissue healing. Moreover, the number of neutrophils as well as the expression of the neutrophil-recruiting chemokine CXCL-1/KC in the colon tissue was significantly reduced, whereas the recruitment of macrophages was induced. Also, the expression of inflammatory markers was significantly suppressed, while the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 was induced in colon tissue following treatment with SBA. Phytopharmaceuticals are increasingly recognized as potential therapeutics in IBD. Thus, based on the results from this study, SBA can be considered as an alternative or supplementary option for IBD therapy.
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Li J, Wu R, Qin X, Liu D, Lin F, Feng Q. Isorhamnetin inhibits IL‑1β‑induced expression of inflammatory mediators in human chondrocytes. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4253-4258. [PMID: 28731170 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin (ISH) is a flavonoid primarily obtained from the fruit of Hippophae rhamnoides L., which possesses anti‑inflammatory properties. However, the effect of ISH on the expression of inflammatory mediators in response to interleukin (IL)‑1β stimulation has not been elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of ISH on the expression of inflammatory mediators in human chondrocytes, induced by IL‑1β. The results of the present study demonstrated that pretreatment with ISH inhibited the expression of stromelysin‑1 and collagenase 3 in chondrocytes, induced by IL‑1β. Pretreatment with ISH inhibited the IL‑1β‑stimulated synthesis of NO and prostaglandin E2 induced by IL‑1β, in addition to the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 in chondrocytes. Additionally, ISH inhibited the expression of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB and transcription factor p65, and the degradation of NF‑κB inhibitor α induced by IL‑1β in chondrocytes. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that ISH exhibited anti‑inflammatory and chondroprotective effects in IL‑1β‑stimulated chondrocytes. The results of the present study suggest that ISH may be a potential agent in the future treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Ruishan Wu
- Department of Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Fenjie Lin
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Qinglu Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
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He L, Zhou X, Huang N, Li H, Li T, Yao K, Tian Y, Hu CAA, Yin Y. Functions of pregnane X receptor in self-detoxification. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1999-2007. [PMID: 28534176 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a crucial regulator of nutrient metabolism and metabolic detoxification such as metabolic syndrome, xenobiotic metabolism, inflammatory responses, glucose, cholesterol and lipid metabolism, and endocrine homeostasis. Notably, much experimental and clinical evidence show that PXR senses xenobiotics and triggers the detoxification response to prevent diseases such as diabetes, obesity, intestinal inflammatory diseases and liver fibrosis. In this review we summarize recent advances on remarkable metabolic and regulatory versatility of PXR, and we emphasizes its role and potential implication as an effective modulator of self-detoxification in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqin He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Niu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China. .,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Yanan Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.,Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, MSC08 4670, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, China.
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Shao J, Liu Z, Wang L, Song Z, Chang H, Han N, Yin J. Screening of the optimized prescription from Suqingwan in terms of its therapeutic effect on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by its regulation of inflammatory and oxidative mediators. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 202:54-62. [PMID: 28284792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Suqingwan (SQW), a traditional Chinese medicine used for treating ulcerative colitis (UC), is composed of 13 kinds of Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). According to TCM theory, we investigated whether a simplified prescription composed of the herbs with some functions, would have similar effects to SQW and examined its potential treatment mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS We categorized the herbs in SQW into four groups according to their traditional functions and used an orthogonal experimental design to obtain nine separated prescriptions (SPs) of SQW. A dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mouse model was used to evaluate the anti-ulcer colitis effects of the nine SPs and the calculated prescription (CP) was obtained based on the orthogonal t values of the disease activity index (DAI) of the nine SPs. The effect of the CP and SP8 were verified in the DSS-induced UC model, and the DAI and histopathology of the UC mice were examined. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10 of the mice in SP8 were investigated to explore the mechanism of action of the optimized prescription with regard to anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation effects. RESULTS Among the 9 SPs, separate prescription 6, 7 and 8 (SP6, SP7 and SP8) and the SQW formulation all significantly reduced the DAI of the UC mice and, in particular, SP8 had an effect similar to SQW, which consists of Sanguisorba officinalis L., Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. and four other herbal medicines. In a further investigation, SP8 was found to improve the ulcerative colitis in mice in terms of both clinical symptoms and histopathology. The mortality of mice in the SP8 group was 33.3%, better than CP based on the orthogonal t values (83.3%). SP8 could also reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MPO and MDA and increase the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in colon tissue of UC mice in comparison with those of the model group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS An optimized prescription (SP8) from SQW was obtained based on an orthogonal experimental design, which involved 6 herbal medicines, with significantly fewer herbs than in the original prescription. SP8 displayed a similar anti-ulcerative colitis activity to SQW, and its in vivo mechanism of action is related to up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory and oxidative factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Shao
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zehai Song
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hang Chang
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Na Han
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Jun Yin
- Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Luo L, Li Y, Wang D, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Li F, Fang J, Chen H, Fan S, Huang C. Ginkgolide B lowers body weight and ameliorates hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice correlated with pregnane X receptor activation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05621d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgolide B (GB) is a natural occurring terpene lactone and a selective agonistic ligand of hPXR.
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Abstract
Inflammation represents a very frequent condition in humans; it is often underestimated, making the problem an increasingly alarming phenomenon. For these reasons, conventional therapies are losing their effectiveness, leaving room for innovative therapies. In this field, natural products showed their efficacy in various diseases; and flavonoids, in particular quercetin, is known for its broad range of activities. In this review, we have highlighted its efficacy in various models of inflammation, focusing also on the activity of its semisynthetic derivatives, and those naturally present in plant extracts. Finally, the analgesic property of quercetin, intrinsically linked to its anti-inflammatory action, has been also evaluated, to investigate about an innovative approach to this interesting natural compound, such as analgesic remedial.
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Chai SC, Cherian MT, Wang YM, Chen T. Small-molecule modulators of PXR and CAR. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1859:1141-1154. [PMID: 26921498 PMCID: PMC4975625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two nuclear receptors, the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), participate in the xenobiotic detoxification system by regulating the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in order to degrade and excrete foreign chemicals or endogenous metabolites. This review aims to expand the perceived relevance of PXR and CAR beyond their established role as master xenosensors to disease-oriented areas, emphasizing their modulation by small molecules. Structural studies of these receptors have provided much-needed insight into the nature of their binding promiscuity and the important elements that lead to ligand binding. Reports of species- and isoform-selective activation highlight the need for further scrutiny when extrapolating from animal data to humans, as animal models are at the forefront of early drug discovery. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Xenobiotic nuclear receptors: New Tricks for An Old Dog, edited by Dr. Wen Xie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio C Chai
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, 262 Danny Thomas Place, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Milu T Cherian
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, 262 Danny Thomas Place, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yue-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, 262 Danny Thomas Place, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, 262 Danny Thomas Place, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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49
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PXR- and CAR-mediated herbal effect on human diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:1121-1129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Garg A, Zhao A, Erickson SL, Mukherjee S, Lau AJ, Alston L, Chang TKH, Mani S, Hirota SA. Pregnane X Receptor Activation Attenuates Inflammation-Associated Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction by Inhibiting Cytokine-Induced Myosin Light-Chain Kinase Expression and c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 1/2 Activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 359:91-101. [PMID: 27440420 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.234096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic inflammatory disorders with a complex etiology. IBD is thought to arise in genetically susceptible individuals in the context of aberrant interactions with the intestinal microbiota and other environmental risk factors. Recently, the pregnane X receptor (PXR) was identified as a sensor for microbial metabolites, whose activation can regulate the intestinal epithelial barrier. Mutations in NR1I2, the gene that encodes the PXR, have been linked to IBD, and in animal models, PXR deletion leads to barrier dysfunction. In the current study, we sought to assess the mechanism(s) through which the PXR regulates barrier function during inflammation. In Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell monolayers, tumor necrosis factor-α/interferon-γ exposure disrupted the barrier and triggered zonula occludens-1 relocalization, increased expression of myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK), and activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK1/2). Activation of the PXR [rifaximin and [[3,5-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]ethenylidene]bis-phosphonic acid tetraethyl ester (SR12813); 10 μM] protected the barrier, an effect that was associated with attenuated MLCK expression and JNK1/2 activation. In vivo, activation of the PXR [pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN)] attenuated barrier disruption induced by toll-like receptor 4 activation in wild-type, but not Pxr-/-, mice. Furthermore, PCN treatment protected the barrier in the dextran-sulfate sodium model of experimental colitis, an effect that was associated with reduced expression of mucosal MLCK and phosphorylated JNK1/2. Together, our data suggest that the PXR regulates the intestinal epithelial barrier during inflammation by modulating cytokine-induced MLCK expression and JNK1/2 activation. Thus, targeting the PXR may prove beneficial for the treatment of inflammation-associated barrier disruption in the context of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Garg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.G., A.Z., S.L.E., L.A., S.A.H.), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases (S.A.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (Su.M., Sr.M.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.J.L., T.K.H.C.)
| | - Angela Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.G., A.Z., S.L.E., L.A., S.A.H.), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases (S.A.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (Su.M., Sr.M.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.J.L., T.K.H.C.)
| | - Sarah L Erickson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.G., A.Z., S.L.E., L.A., S.A.H.), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases (S.A.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (Su.M., Sr.M.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.J.L., T.K.H.C.)
| | - Subhajit Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.G., A.Z., S.L.E., L.A., S.A.H.), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases (S.A.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (Su.M., Sr.M.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.J.L., T.K.H.C.)
| | - Aik Jiang Lau
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.G., A.Z., S.L.E., L.A., S.A.H.), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases (S.A.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (Su.M., Sr.M.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.J.L., T.K.H.C.)
| | - Laurie Alston
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.G., A.Z., S.L.E., L.A., S.A.H.), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases (S.A.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (Su.M., Sr.M.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.J.L., T.K.H.C.)
| | - Thomas K H Chang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.G., A.Z., S.L.E., L.A., S.A.H.), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases (S.A.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (Su.M., Sr.M.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.J.L., T.K.H.C.)
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.G., A.Z., S.L.E., L.A., S.A.H.), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases (S.A.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (Su.M., Sr.M.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.J.L., T.K.H.C.)
| | - Simon A Hirota
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.G., A.Z., S.L.E., L.A., S.A.H.), and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases (S.A.H.), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (Su.M., Sr.M.); and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (A.J.L., T.K.H.C.)
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