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Tamarindo GH, Ribeiro CF, Silva ADT, Castro A, Caruso ÍP, Souza FP, Taboga SR, Loda M, Góes RM. The polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic affects mitochondrial function in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:24. [PMID: 39113152 PMCID: PMC11308158 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-024-00348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) shows a rewired metabolism featuring increased fatty acid uptake and synthesis via de novo lipogenesis, both sharply related to mitochondrial physiology. The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that exerts its antitumoral properties via different mechanisms, but its specific action on mitochondria in PCa is not clear. Therefore, we investigated whether the DHA modulates mitochondrial function in PCa cell lines. METHODS Here, we evaluated mitochondrial function of non-malignant PNT1A and the castration-resistant (CRPC) prostate 22Rv1 and PC3 cell lines in response to DHA incubation. For this purpose, we used Seahorse extracellular flux assay to assess mitochondria function, [14C]-glucose to evaluate its oxidation as well as its contribution to fatty acid synthesis, 1H-NMR for metabolite profile determination, MitoSOX for superoxide anion production, JC-1 for mitochondrial membrane polarization, mass spectrometry for determination of phosphatidylglycerol levels and composition, staining with MitoTracker dye to assess mitochondrial morphology under super-resolution in addition to Transmission Electron Microscopy, In-Cell ELISA for COX-I and SDH-A protein expression and flow cytometry (Annexin V and 7-AAD) for cell death estimation. RESULTS In all cell lines DHA decreased basal respiratory activity, ATP production, and the spare capacity in mitochondria. Also, the omega-3 induced mitochondrial hyperpolarization, ROS overproduction and changes in membrane phosphatidylglycerol composition. In PNT1A, DHA led to mitochondrial fragmentation and it increased glycolysis while in cancer cells it stimulated glucose oxidation, but decreased de novo lipogenesis specifically in 22Rv1, indicating a metabolic shift. In all cell lines, DHA modulated several metabolites related to energy metabolism and it was incorporated in phosphatidylglycerol, a precursor of cardiolipin, increasing the unsaturation index in the mitochondrial membrane. Accordingly, DHA triggered cell death mainly in PNT1A and 22Rv1. CONCLUSION In conclusion, mitochondrial metabolism is significantly affected by the PUFA supplementation to the point that cells are not able to proliferate or survive under DHA-enriched condition. Moreover, combination of DHA supplementation with inhibition of metabolism-related pathways, such as de novo lipogenesis, may be synergistic in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Henrique Tamarindo
- Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alana Della Torre Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBILCE - UNESP. Rua Cristovão Colombo, 2265 Jardim Nazareth, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Alex Castro
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ícaro Putinhon Caruso
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Science, São Paulo State University, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and National Center for Structure Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Macromolecules, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fátima Pereira Souza
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Science, São Paulo State University, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBILCE - UNESP. Rua Cristovão Colombo, 2265 Jardim Nazareth, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rejane Maira Góes
- Department of Biological Sciences, IBILCE - UNESP. Rua Cristovão Colombo, 2265 Jardim Nazareth, São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil.
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Zhang Y, Shen G, Meng T, Lv Z, Li X, Li J, Li K. Eicosapentaenoic acid enhances the sensitivity of osteosarcoma to cisplatin by inducing ferroptosis through the DNA-PKcs/AKT/NRF2 pathway and reducing PD-L1 expression to attenuate immune evasion. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 125:111181. [PMID: 37951196 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Acquired drug resistance poses a significant challenge in osteosarcoma therapy. Therefore, it is necessary for us to discover and develop an alternative anti-cancer strategy. Previous studies have shown that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) significantly increases chemosensitivity in cancer cells. In this study, we discovered that EPA enhances the sensitivity of osteosarcoma to cisplatin (DDP). Interestingly, in addition to inhibiting growth and inducing apoptosis, EPA also enhances DDP-induced ferroptosis. Western blot analysis confirmed that EPA treatment significantly decreases the expression of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), p-AKT, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in cells. Knockdown of DNA-PKcs by siRNA further enhances the level of ferroptosis induced by EPA. Importantly, EPA can reverse the high expression level of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) induced by DDP. ELISA and western blotting analysis revealed that EPA treatment decreases the levels of IL-6 and p-STAT3, which are increased by DDP treatment. Furthermore, a co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay confirmed the interaction between DNA-PKcs and PD-L1, and knockdown of DNA-PKcs further reduces the expression of PD-L1. This data provides the first evidence that EPA suppresses the DNA-PKcs/AKT/NRF2/GPX4 pathway to enhance ferroptosis, and inhibits IL-6/STAT3 and DNA-PKcs to decrease PD-L1 expression, thereby sensitizing osteosarcoma to DDP. The combination of EPA and DDP presents an encouraging and promising anti-tumor strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guohong Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Tingting Meng
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Zhaorui Lv
- The First Clinical College of Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ka Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Tamarindo GH, Novais AA, Chuffa LGA, Zuccari DAPC. Metabolic Alterations in Canine Mammary Tumors. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2757. [PMID: 37685021 PMCID: PMC10487042 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) are among the most common diseases in female dogs and share similarities with human breast cancer, which makes these animals a model for comparative oncology studies. In these tumors, metabolic reprogramming is known as a hallmark of carcinogenesis whereby cells undergo adjustments to meet the high bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of rapidly proliferating cells. However, such alterations are also vulnerabilities that may serve as a therapeutic strategy, which has mostly been tested in human clinical trials but is poorly explored in CMTs. In this dedicated review, we compiled the metabolic changes described for CMTs, emphasizing the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, and mitochondrial functions. We observed key factors associated with the presence and aggressiveness of CMTs, such as an increase in glucose uptake followed by enhanced anaerobic glycolysis via the upregulation of glycolytic enzymes, changes in glutamine catabolism due to the overexpression of glutaminases, increased fatty acid oxidation, and distinct effects depending on lipid saturation, in addition to mitochondrial DNA, which is a hotspot for mutations. Therefore, more attention should be paid to this topic given that targeting metabolic fragilities could improve the outcome of CMTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Henrique Tamarindo
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Faculty of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Alonso Novais
- Health Sciences Institute (ICS), Mato Grosso Federal University (UFMT), Sinop 78550-728, MT, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
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Montecillo-Aguado M, Tirado-Rodriguez B, Huerta-Yepez S. The Involvement of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Apoptosis Mechanisms and Their Implications in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11691. [PMID: 37511450 PMCID: PMC10380946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global public health issue and, despite advancements in detection and treatment, the prognosis remains poor. Cancer is a complex disease characterized by various hallmarks, including dysregulation in apoptotic cell death pathways. Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process that efficiently eliminates damaged cells. Several studies have indicated the involvement of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in apoptosis, including omega-3 PUFAs such as alpha-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. However, the role of omega-6 PUFAs, such as linoleic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid, in apoptosis is controversial, with some studies supporting their activation of apoptosis and others suggesting inhibition. These PUFAs are essential fatty acids, and Western populations today have a high consumption rate of omega-6 to omega-3 PUFAs. This review focuses on presenting the diverse molecular mechanisms evidence in both in vitro and in vivo models, to help clarify the controversial involvement of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs in apoptosis mechanisms in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Montecillo-Aguado
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Belen Tirado-Rodriguez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Sara Huerta-Yepez
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Oncologicas, Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
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Shah UA, Parikh R, Castro F, Bellone M, Lesokhin AM. Dietary and microbiome evidence in multiple myeloma and other plasma cell disorders. Leukemia 2023; 37:964-980. [PMID: 36997677 PMCID: PMC10443185 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) remains an incurable plasma cell neoplasm. Although little is known about the etiology of MM, several metabolic risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, diet, and the human intestinal microbiome have been linked to the pathogenesis of MM. In this article, we provide a detailed review of dietary and microbiome factors involved in the pathogenesis of MM and their impact on outcomes. Concurrent with treatment advancements that have improved survival in MM, focused efforts are needed to reduce the burden of MM as well as improve MM specific and overall outcomes once MM is diagnosed. The findings presented in this review will provide a comprehensive guide on the evidence available to date of the impact of dietary and other lifestyle interventions on the gut microbiome and on MM incidence, outcomes, and quality of life. Data generated from such studies can help formulate evidence-based guidelines for healthcare providers to counsel individuals at risk such as those with Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) and Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (SMM) as well as MM survivors with respect to their dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi A Shah
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Richa Parikh
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Francesca Castro
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander M Lesokhin
- Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Chen T, Song L, Zhong X, Zhu Q, Huo J, Chen J, Tan S, Lian X. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids intake, air pollution, and the risk of lung cancer: A prospective study in UK biobank. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163552. [PMID: 37094679 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence on the association between specific types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) intake and lung cancer risk is limited. However, whether dietary-specific PUFAs intake can modify the association between air pollutants and incident lung cancer remains unknown. METHODS Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline regression were used to evaluate the associations of omega-3 PUFAs, omega-6 PUFAs and the ratio of omega-6 PUFAs to omega-3 PUFAs intake with lung cancer risk. Furthermore, we evaluated the associations between air pollutants and incident lung cancer, and whether dietary-specific PUFAs intake would modify the relationship using stratification analyses. RESULTS This study found significant associations between the risk of lung cancer and omega-3 PUFAs intake (hazard ratio [HR], 0.82; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.93; per 1 g/d), and omega-6 PUFAs intake (HR, 0.98; 95 % CI, 0.96-0.99; per 1 g/d). We did not observe an association between the omega-6 to omega-3 PUFAs intake ratio and incident lung cancer. With regard to air pollution, omega-3 PUFAs intake attenuated the positive relationship between nitrogen oxides (NOx) pollution and lung cancer risk, and an increased incidence of lung cancer was found only in the low omega-3 PUFAs intake group (p < 0.05). Surprisingly, PUFAs intake (regardless of omega-3 PUFAs, omega-6 PUFAs, or in total) reinforced the pro-carcinogenic effects of PM2.5 on lung cancer, and a positive association between PM2.5 pollutants and incident lung cancer was observed only in the high PUFAs groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Higher dietary omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs intake was associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer in the study population. As omega-3 PUFAs have different modification effects on NOX and PM2.5 air pollution related lung cancer incidence, precautions should be taken when using omega-3 PUFAs as health-promoting dietary supplements, especially in high PM2.5 burden regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China; Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lingling Song
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoni Zhong
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Centre for Lipid Research & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China; Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiao Huo
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China; Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Sensen Tan
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuemei Lian
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Centre for Lipid Research & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Metabolism on Lipid and Glucose, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China; Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Mynott RL, Habib A, Best OG, Wallington-Gates CT. Ferroptosis in Haematological Malignancies and Associated Therapeutic Nanotechnologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087661. [PMID: 37108836 PMCID: PMC10146166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematological malignancies are heterogeneous groups of cancers of the bone marrow, blood or lymph nodes, and while therapeutic advances have greatly improved the lifespan and quality of life of those afflicted, many of these cancers remain incurable. The iron-dependent, lipid oxidation-mediated form of cell death, ferroptosis, has emerged as a promising pathway to induce cancer cell death, particularly in those malignancies that are resistant to traditional apoptosis-inducing therapies. Although promising findings have been published in several solid and haematological malignancies, the major drawbacks of ferroptosis-inducing therapies are efficient drug delivery and toxicities to healthy tissue. The development of tumour-targeting and precision medicines, particularly when combined with nanotechnologies, holds potential as a way in which to overcome these obstacles and progress ferroptosis-inducing therapies into the clinic. Here, we review the current state-of-play of ferroptosis in haematological malignancies as well as encouraging discoveries in the field of ferroptosis nanotechnologies. While the research into ferroptosis nanotechnologies in haematological malignancies is limited, its pre-clinical success in solid tumours suggests this is a very feasible therapeutic approach to treat blood cancers such as multiple myeloma, lymphoma and leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Mynott
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Ali Habib
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Oliver G Best
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Craig T Wallington-Gates
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
- Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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Marques-Mourlet C, Di Iorio R, Fairfield H, Reagan MR. Obesity and myeloma: Clinical and mechanistic contributions to disease progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1118691. [PMID: 36909335 PMCID: PMC9996186 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1118691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and obesogenic behaviors are positively associated with both monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM). As the only known modifiable risk factor, this association has emerged as a new potential target for MM prevention, but little is known about the mechanistic relationship of body weight with MM progression. Here we summarize epidemiological correlations between weight, body composition, and the various stages of myeloma disease progression and treatments, as well as the current understanding of the molecular contributions of obesity-induced changes in myeloma cell phenotype and signaling. Finally, we outline groundwork for the future characterization of the relationship between body weight patterns, the bone marrow microenvironment, and MM pathogenesis in animal models, which have the potential to impact our understanding of disease pathogenesis and inform MM prevention messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Marques-Mourlet
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, ME, United States
- University of Strasbourg, Pharmacology Department, Strasbourg, France
| | - Reagan Di Iorio
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, ME, United States
- University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME, United States
| | - Heather Fairfield
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, ME, United States
- University of Maine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME, United States
- Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- MaineHealth Institute for Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Scarborough, ME, United States
- University of Maine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME, United States
- Tufts University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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The Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid EPA, but Not DHA, Enhances Neurotrophic Factor Expression through Epigenetic Mechanisms and Protects against Parkinsonian Neuronal Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416176. [PMID: 36555817 PMCID: PMC9788369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been found to exert many actions, including neuroprotective effects. In this regard, the exact molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease. Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that PD is the result of complex interactions between genetic abnormalities, environmental toxins, mitochondrial dysfunction, and other cellular processes, such as DNA methylation. In this context, BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and GDNF (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor) have a pivotal role because they are both involved in neuron differentiation, survival, and synaptogenesis. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the potential role of two PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and their effects on BDNF and GDNF expression in the SH-SY5Y cell line. Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay, and flow cytometry analysis was used to verify the level of apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to observe the cell ultrastructure and mitochondria morphology. BDNF and GDNF protein levels and mRNA were assayed by Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. Finally, methylated and hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation were performed in the BDNF and GDNF promoter regions. EPA, but not DHA, is able (i) to reduce the neurotoxic effect of neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in vitro, (ii) to re-establish mitochondrial function, and (iii) to increase BNDF and GDNF expression via epigenetic mechanisms.
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Tompkins YH, Chen C, Sweeney KM, Kim M, Voy BH, Wilson JL, Kim WK. The effects of maternal fish oil supplementation rich in n-3 PUFA on offspring-broiler growth performance, body composition and bone microstructure. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273025. [PMID: 35972954 PMCID: PMC9380956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of maternal fish oil supplementation rich in n-3 PUFA on the performance and bone health of offspring broilers at embryonic development stage and at market age. Ross 708 broiler breeder hens were fed standard diets containing either 2.3% soybean oil (SO) or fish oil (FO) for 28 days. Their fertilized eggs were collected and hatched. For a pre-hatch study, left tibia samples were collected at 18 days of incubation. For a post-hatch study, a total of 240 male chicks from each maternal treatment were randomly selected and assigned to 12 floor pens and provided with the same broiler diets. At 42 days of age, growth performance, body composition, bone microstructure, and expression of key bone marrow osteogenic and adipogenic genes were evaluated. One-way ANOVA was performed, and means were compared by student’s t-test. Maternal use of FO in breeder hen diet increased bone mineral content (p < 0.01), bone tissue volume (p < 0.05), and bone surface area (p < 0.05), but decreased total porosity volume (p < 0.01) during the embryonic development period. The FO group showed higher body weight gain and feed intake at the finisher stage than the SO group. Body composition analyses by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry showed that the FO group had higher fat percentage and higher fat mass at day 1, but higher lean mass and total body mass at market age. The decreased expression of key adipogenic genes in the FO group suggested that prenatal FO supplementation in breeder hen diet suppressed adipogenesis in offspring bone marrow. Furthermore, no major differences were observed in expression of osteogenesis marker genes, microstructure change in trabecular bone, or bone mineral density. However, a significant higher close pores/open pores ratio suggested an improvement on bone health of the FO group. Thus, this study indicates that maternal fish oil diet rich in n-3 PUFA could have a favorable impact on fat mass and skeletal integrity in broiler offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo H. Tompkins
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Chongxiao Chen
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kelly M. Sweeney
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Brynn H. Voy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jeanna L. Wilson
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Biswas P, Datta C, Rathi P, Bhattacharjee A. Fatty acids and their lipid mediators in the induction of cellular apoptosis in cancer cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 160:106637. [PMID: 35341977 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic and linoleic acid through enzymes like lipoxygenases (LOXs) are common and often leads to the production of various bioactive lipids that are important both in acute inflammation and its resolution and thus in disease progression. Amongst the several isoforms of LOX that are expressed in mammals, 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) has shown to be crucial in the context of inflammation. Moreover, being expressed in cells of the immune system, as well as in epithelial cells; the enzyme has been shown to crosstalk with a number of important signalling pathways. Mounting evidences from recent reports suggest that 15-LOX has anti-cancer activities which are dependent or independent of its metabolites, and is executed through several downstream pathways like cGMP, PPAR, p53, p21 and NAG-1. However, it is still unclear whether the up-regulation of 15-LOX is associated with cancer cell apoptosis. Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), on the other hand, is a mitochondrial flavoenzyme which is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and inflammation and in many other neurological disorders. MAO-A has also been reported as a potential therapeutic target in different types of cancers like prostate cancer, lung cancer etc. In this review, we discussed about the role of fatty acids and their lipid mediators in cancer cell apoptosis. Here we particularly focused on the contribution of oxidative enzymes like 15-LOX and MAO-A in mediating apoptosis in lung cancer cell after fatty acid induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Chandreyee Datta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Parul Rathi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India.
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12
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Chen J, Ruijtenbeek R, Garssen J, Redegeld FA. Esterified derivatives of DHA and EPA increase bortezomib cytotoxicity in human multiple myeloma cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 922:174883. [PMID: 35341783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has greatly improved the clinical outcome of patients with multiple myeloma (MM), acquired drug resistance remains the greatest obstacle on the road of treating MM. We previously showed that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) with the chemotherapeutic agent bortezomib can overcome its chemoresistance in MM cells. However, most DHA/EPA are esterified shortly after oral administration, which may affect its bioactivity. This study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of ethyl ester-DHA/EPA in human MM cells. The mechanisms relevant for the cytotoxicity of these esterified-fatty acids were further investigated. METHODS Human MM cell lines L363, OPM2, U266 were treated with ethyl ester-DHA/EPA with or without bortezomib. The percentage of dead cells and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Ethyl ester-DHA and -EPA were much more potent than DHA/EPA to induce cytotoxicity in MM cells, even in DHA/EPA-resistant MM cells. Pretreating MM cells with esterified-DHA/EPA before bortezomib potently increased its chemosensitivity. Additionally, intracellular ROS levels were upregulated in MM cells after treatment with ethyl ester-DHA/EPA, which reflected the enhanced oxidative stress in treated cells. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that ethyl ester-DHA/EPA in combination with bortezomib may improve the overall efficacy in MM cells, similar to DHA/EPA, relieving the concern that esterification of DHA/EPA may affect its bioactivity and further supporting the potential clinical use of fatty acids DHA/EPA for combating drug resistance during MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, TB, the Netherlands
| | - Rob Ruijtenbeek
- Pamgene International, 5200 BJ, s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, TB, the Netherlands; Nutricia Research, Utrecht, 3508, TC, the Netherlands
| | - Frank A Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, TB, the Netherlands.
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13
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Marks KA, Fernandes MF, Diaguarachchige De Silva KH, Tomczewski MV, Stark KD, Duncan RE. Characterization of a novel FADS2 transcript variant: implications for D6D activity regulation in cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:725-734. [PMID: 34738827 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Delta-6-desaturase (D6D) activity is deficient in MCF-7 and other cancer cell lines, but it is not explained by FADS2 gene mutations. This deficient activity was not ameliorated by induction of the FADS2 gene; therefore, we hypothesized that some of the induced FADS2 transcript variants (tv) may play a negative regulatory role. FADS2_tv1 is the reference FADS2 tv, coding for full-length D6D isoform 1 (D6D-iso1), and alternative transcriptional start sites result in FADS2_tv2 and FADS2_tv3 variants encoding D6D-iso2 and D6D-iso3 isoforms, respectively, which lack the catalytically critical N-terminal domain. In MCF-7 cells, FADS2_tv2 and FADS2_tv3 were expressed at significantly higher levels than FADS2_tv1. Overexpression of FADS2_tv2 in HEK293 cells confirmed that D6D-iso2 is non-functional, and co-transfection demonstrated a dominant-negative role for D6D-iso2 in D6D-iso1 activity regulation. FADS2_tv2 was expressed at higher levels than FADS2_tv1 in HeLa, MDA-MB-435, MCF-10 A, and HT-29 cells, but at lower levels in A549, MDA-MB-231, and LNCaP cells. Overexpression studies indicated roles for FADS2 variants in proliferation and apoptosis regulation, which were also cell-line specific. Increased FADS2_tv2 expression provides a new mechanism to help explain deficient D6D activity in MCF-7 and other cancer cell lines, but it is not a hallmark of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Marks
- University of Waterloo, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.,University of Waterloo, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Maria F Fernandes
- University of Waterloo, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.,University of Waterloo, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kalsha H Diaguarachchige De Silva
- University of Waterloo, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.,University of Waterloo, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michelle V Tomczewski
- University of Waterloo, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.,University of Waterloo, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ken D Stark
- University of Waterloo, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.,University of Waterloo, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Robin E Duncan
- University of Waterloo, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.,University of Waterloo, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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14
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Guo Y, Zhao Q, Tian Y, Liu Y, Yan Z, Xue C, Wang J. Study on the effects of the different polar group of EPA-enriched phospholipids on the proliferation and apoptosis in 95D cells. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:519-528. [PMID: 37073266 PMCID: PMC10077167 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-021-00097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
EPA-enriched phosphatidylcholine (EPA-PC) and EPA-enriched phosphatidylethanolamine (EPA-PE) are newly identified marine phospholipids. The polar group of phospholipids is known to influence EPA-phospholipid activity. However, the differences in anti-tumor effects between EPA-PC and EPA-PE have not been reported. In this study, we evaluated the effects of two forms of EPA on the proliferation and apoptosis in the lung-cancer cell line 95D as well as possible molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that EPA-PC effectively inhibited proliferative activity and promoted apoptosis of 95D cells in a dose-dependent manner, while EPA-PE had no effect on cell proliferation, although it slightly promoted apoptosis. Western blot results showed that EPA-PC and EPA-PE upregulated the expression of PPARγ, RXRα, and PTEN, and downregulated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, EPA-PC and EPA-PE induced the expression of the pro-apoptotic gene, Bax, and reduced the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene, Bcl-xl. Additionally, EPA-PC and EPA-PE promoted the release of cytochrome c and activated the apoptotic enzyme-cleaved caspase-3. These data suggest that the anti-tumor effect of EPA-phospholipids may be exerted via a PPARγ-related mechanism. EPA-PC was more efficacious as compared to EPA-PE, which might be due to the different polar groups of phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Qin Zhao
- School of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025 China
| | - Yingying Tian
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266061 China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Ziyi Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237 China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
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15
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids DHA and EPA Reduce Bortezomib Resistance in Multiple Myeloma Cells by Promoting Glutathione Degradation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092287. [PMID: 34571936 PMCID: PMC8465636 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that exhibits aberrantly high levels of proteasome activity. While treatment with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib substantially increases overall survival of MM patients, acquired drug resistance remains the main challenge for MM treatment. Using a combination treatment of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and bortezomib, it was demonstrated previously that pretreatment with DHA/EPA significantly increased bortezomib chemosensitivity in MM cells. In the current study, both transcriptome and metabolome analysis were performed to comprehensively evaluate the underlying mechanism. It was demonstrated that pretreating MM cells with DHA/EPA before bortezomib potently decreased the cellular glutathione (GSH) level and altered the expression of the related metabolites and key enzymes in GSH metabolism, whereas simultaneous treatment only showed minor effects on these factors, thereby suggesting the critical role of GSH degradation in overcoming bortezomib resistance in MM cells. Moreover, RNA-seq results revealed that the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-activating transcription factor 3/4 (ATF3/4)-ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) signaling pathway may be implicated as the central player in the GSH degradation. Pathways of necroptosis, ferroptosis, p53, NRF2, ATF4, WNT, MAPK, NF-κB, EGFR, and ERK may be connected to the tumor suppressive effect caused by pretreatment of DHA/EPA prior to bortezomib. Collectively, this work implicates GSH degradation as a potential therapeutic target in MM and provides novel mechanistic insights into its significant role in combating bortezomib resistance.
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16
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Multiple Myeloma and Hyperlipidemia - coincidence or related? J Clin Lipidol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Giannattasio S, Dri M, Merra G, Caparello G, Rampello T, Di Renzo L. Effects of Fatty Acids on Hematological Neoplasms: A Mini Review. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1538-1548. [PMID: 34355630 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1960389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematological neoplasias are the fourth cause of death in the world. All of them are responsible of bad quality of life, due to heavy therapies administration and a lot of side effects correlated to. It arises a new concept of "multitherapy", in which fatty acids availment is used to contrast and reduce toxic effects and ameliorate chemotherapeutic agents asset. In Vitro studies have confirmed that fatty acids, in particular ω-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are able to help canonical therapies to contrast cancer cell expansion and proliferation. In clinical trials it is also almost clear that fatty acids are useful to build new personalized therapies for a better condition of life. In this review we have summarized most recent studies on cancer cell lines and clinical trials on patients with fatty acids supplementation in diet therapies. We have found that fatty acids could be useful to contrast side effects during chemotherapeutic drugs therapies; they are also able to block cancer cell metabolic pathways for proliferation and contrast adverse effects, even when they are used in combination with traditional therapies or innovative, like monoclonal antibodies or CAR-T therapy. These aspects are crucial for better health condition of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Giannattasio
- School of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Dri
- Doctoral School of Applied Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Merra
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Caparello
- School of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rampello
- School of Specialization in Food Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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18
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Sahin D. Effect of Oil Extract from Microalgae (Schizochytrium sp.) on the Viability and Apoptosis of Human Osteosarcoma Cells. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:1099-1105. [PMID: 32988350 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200928101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor type that starts in bone and occurs most frequently in adolescents. Traditional techniques are insufficient, especially for metastatic ones. As alternative treatment techniques, natural products are worthy of examining due to being safe and innovative. Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, have various positive effects on human health and growth. In addition, some PUFAs show anti-cancer activity by inducing apoptosis, specifically in cancer cells. OBJECTIVE Here, the study aims to investigate the time and dose-dependent effects of oil extract from Schizochytrium sp. against the osteosarcoma cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human Fetal Osteoblast Cells (hFOB) and osteosarcoma cells (SAOS-2) were treated with different concentrations of fatty acid samples. GC-FID was performed for fatty acid composition analysis of Schizochytrium sp. MTT-cell viability and Annexin V-apoptosis assays were performed to investigate the time and dose-dependent effects of the samples on cell lines. RESULTS The oil extract sample has a specific activity against the SAOS-2 cancer line and decreases cell proliferation, especially at high dose treatments. Apoptosis assay results indicate that the oil extract sample causes a significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the SAOS-2 cell line (71.7% of SAOS-2 cells), which shows its selective activity against bone cancer cell line as a natural anti-cancer molecule. CONCLUSION It was observed that Schizochytrium sp. extract has a time and dose-dependent ability to induce apoptosis, specifically in SAOS-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Sahin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Mahmoudi N, Delirezh N, Sam MR. Modulating Pluripotency Network Genes with Omega-3 DHA is followed by Caspase- 3 Activation and Apoptosis in DNA Mismatch Repair-Deficient/KRAS-Mutant Colorectal Cancer Stem-Like Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:1221-1232. [PMID: 32116204 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200302113722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting DNA mismatch repair-deficient/KRAS-mutant Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells (CRCSCs) with chemical compounds remains challenging. Modulating stemness factors Bmi-1, Sox-2, Oct-4 and Nanog in CRCSCs which are direct downstream targets of carcinogenesis pathways may lead to the reactivation of caspase-3 and apoptosis in these cells. Omega-3 DHA modulates different signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis. However, little is known, whether in vitro concentrations of DHA equal to human plasma levels are able to modulate pluripotency genes expression, caspase-3 reactivation and apoptosis in DNA mismatch repair-deficient/KRAS-mutant CRC stem-like cells. METHODS DNA mismatch repair-deficient/KRAS-mutant CRC stem-like cells (LS174T cells) were treated with DHA, after which, cell number and proliferation-rate, Bmi-1, Sox-2, Nanog and Oct-4 expression, caspase-3 activation and apoptosis were evaluated with different cellular and molecular techniques. RESULTS DHA changed the morphology of cells to apoptotic forms and disrupted cell connections. After 48h treatment with 50- to 200μM DHA, cell numbers and proliferation-rates were measured to be 86%-35% and 93.6%-45.7% respectively. Treatment with 200 μM DHA dramatically decreased the expression of Bmi-1, Sox- 2, Oct-4 and Nanog by 69%, 70%, 97.5% and 53% respectively. Concurrently, DHA induced caspase-3 activation by 1.8-4.7-fold increases compared to untreated cells. An increase in the number of apoptotic cells ranging from 9.3%-38.4% was also observed with increasing DHA concentrations. CONCLUSIONS DHA decreases the high expression level of pluripotency network genes suggesting Bmi-1, Sox-2, Oct-4 and Nanog as promising molecular targets of DHA. DHA reactivates caspase-3 and apoptosis in DNA mismatch repair-deficient/KRAS-mutant CRC stem-like cells, representing the high potential of this safe compound for therapeutic application in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Mahmoudi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nowruz Delirezh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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20
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Story MJ. Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D: An essential combination for prevention and treatment of cancers. Biochimie 2020; 181:100-122. [PMID: 33307154 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamin D are essential nutrients for health, maturation and general wellbeing. Extensive literature searches have revealed the widespread similarity in molecular biological properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D, and their similar anti-cancer properties, even though they have different modes of action. These three nutrients are separately essential for good health, especially in the aged. Zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D are inexpensive and safe as they are fundamentally natural and have the properties of correcting and inhibiting undesirable actions without disturbing the normal functions of cells or their extracellular environment. This review of the anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is made in the context of the hallmarks of cancer. The anticancer properties of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D can therefore be used beneficially through combined treatment or supplementation. It is proposed that sufficiency of zinc, ω-3 PUFAs and vitamin D is a necessary requirement during chemotherapy treatment and that clinical trials can have questionable integrity if this sufficiency is not checked and maintained during efficacy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Story
- Story Pharmaceutics Pty Ltd, PO Box 6086, Linden Park, South Australia, 5065, Australia.
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21
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Rajasinghe LD, Chauhan PS, Wierenga KA, Evered AO, Harris SN, Bates MA, Gavrilin MA, Pestka JJ. Omega-3 Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Impedes Silica-Induced Macrophage Corpse Accumulation by Attenuating Cell Death and Potentiating Efferocytosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2179. [PMID: 33123123 PMCID: PMC7573148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway exposure of lupus-prone NZBWF1 mice to crystalline silica (cSiO2), a known trigger of human autoimmune disease, elicits sterile inflammation and alveolar macrophage death in the lung that, in turn, induces early autoimmune onset and accelerates lupus progression to fatal glomerulonephritis. Dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a marine ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), markedly ameliorates cSiO2-triggered pulmonary, systemic, and renal manifestations of lupus. Here, we tested the hypothesis that DHA influences both cSiO2-induced death and efferocytotic clearance of resultant cell corpses using three murine macrophage models: (i) primary alveolar macrophages (AM) isolated from NZBWF1 mice; (ii) self-renewing AM-like Max Planck Institute (MPI) cells isolated from fetuses of C57BL/6 mice, and (iii) RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, a virus-transformed cell line derived from BALB/c mice stably transfected with the inflammasome adaptor protein ASC (RAW-ASC). Incubation with cSiO2 at 25 and 50 μg/ml for 6 h was found to dose-dependently induce cell death (p < 0.05) in all three models as determined by both acridine orange/propidium iodide staining and release of lactate dehydrogenase into cell culture supernatant. Pre-incubation with DHA at a physiologically relevant concentration (25 μM) significantly reduced cSiO2-induced death (p < 0.05) in all three models. Cell death induction by cSiO2 alone and its suppression by DHA were primarily associated with caspase-3/7 activation, suggestive of apoptosis, in AM, MPI, and RAW-ASC cells. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that all three macrophage models were similarly capable of efferocytosing RAW-ASC target cell corpses. Furthermore, MPI effector cells could likewise engulf RAW-ASC target cell corpses elicited by treatment with staurosporine (apoptosis), LPS, and nigericin (pyroptosis), or cSiO2. Pre-incubation of RAW-ASC target cells with 25 μM DHA prior to death induced by these agents significantly enhanced their efferocytosis (p < 0.05) by MPI effector cells. In contrast, pre-incubating MPI effector cells with DHA did not affect engulfment of RAW-ASC target cells pre-incubated with vehicle. Taken together, these findings indicate that DHA at a physiologically relevant concentration was capable of attenuating macrophage death and could potentiate efferocytosis, with the net effect of reducing accumulation of cell corpses capable of eliciting autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichchavi D Rajasinghe
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Preeti S Chauhan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kathryn A Wierenga
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Augustus O Evered
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Shamya N Harris
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Melissa A Bates
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Mikhail A Gavrilin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - James J Pestka
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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22
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Moloudizargari M, Redegeld F, Asghari MH, Mosaffa N, Mortaz E. Long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids reduce multiple myeloma exosome-mediated suppression of NK cell cytotoxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:647-659. [PMID: 32974883 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-020-00372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), complete remission is usually challenging. The interactions between tumor and host cells, in which exosomes (EXs) play critical roles, have been shown to be among the major deteriorative tumor-promoting factors herein. Therefore, any endeavor to beneficially target these EX-mediated interactions could be of high importance. OBJECTIVES a) To investigate the effects of myeloma EXs on natural killer (NK) cell functions. b) To check whether treatment of myeloma cells with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids with known anti-cancer effects, can modify myeloma EXs in terms of their effects on natural killer functions. METHODS L363 cells were treated with either EPA or DHA or left untreated and the released EXs (designated as E-EX, D-EX and C-EX, respectively) were used to treat NK cells for functional studies. RESULTS Myeloma EXs (C-EXs) significantly reduced NK cytotoxicity against K562 cells (P ≤ 0.05), while the cytotoxicity suppression was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) in the (E-EX)- and (D-EX)-treated NK cells compared to the (C-EX)-treated cells. The expression of the activating NK receptor NKG2D and NK degranulation, after treatment with the EXs, were both altered following the same pattern. However, C-EXs could increase IFN-γ production in NK cells (P < 0.01), which was not significantly affected by EPA/DHA treatment. This indicates a dual effect of myeloma EXs on NK cells functions. CONCLUSION Our observations showed that myeloma EXs have both suppressive and stimulatory effects on different NK functions. Treatment of myeloma cells with EPA/DHA can reduce the suppressive effects of myeloma EXs while maintaining their stimulatory effects. These findings, together with the previous findings on the anti-cancer effects of EPA/DHA, provide stronger evidence for the repositioning of the currently existing EPA/DHA supplements to be used in the treatment of MM as an adjuvant treatment. EXs released from L363 (myeloma) cells in their steady state increase IFN-γ production of NK cells, while reduce their cytotoxicity against the K562 cell line (right blue trace). EXs from L363 cells pre-treated with either EPA or DHA are weaker stimulators of IFN-γ production. These EXs also increase NK cytotoxicity and NKG2D expression (left brown trace) compared to the EXs obtained from untreated L363 cells. Based on these findings, myeloma EXs have both suppressive and stimulatory effects on different NK functions depending on the properties of their cells of origin, which can be exploited in the treatment of myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Moloudizargari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Frank Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nariman Mosaffa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands. .,Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Chen J, Garssen J, Redegeld F. The efficacy of bortezomib in human multiple myeloma cells is enhanced by combination with omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA: Timing is essential. Clin Nutr 2020; 40:1942-1953. [PMID: 32977994 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although bortezomib as one of the first line medicines that has greatly improved the overall survival of patients with multiple myeloma (MM), undesired drug resistance is frequently observed. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have been shown to be able to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in many cancer types. The aim of the present study was to further evaluate the anticancer activity of DHA and EPA in relation to bortezomib chemosensitivity in human MM cells. The potential involvement of NF-κB signaling pathway was studied. METHODS MM cells were treated with DHA/EPA with or without bortezomib. Cell viability was estimated by WST-1 assay. Apoptotic cells were determined through flow cytometry using annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Protein expression and phosphorylation was investigated by western blotting. RESULTS Cell type dependent anticancer potential of DHA and EPA was observed in the cell viability assay. DHA and EPA induced apoptosis in L363, OPM2, MM.1S and U266 cell lines through both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways. Treating MM cells with DHA and EPA significantly downregulated IκBα and upregulated phosphorylation of p65, indicating that they triggered NF-κB activation in MM cells. Treating cells with DHA or EPA prior to bortezomib enhanced the induced cell death. However, concomitant use of bortezomib in combination with either of DHA or EPA decreased the cell death induced by bortezomib, indicating that timing of coincubation is important for the effects on chemosensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides novel evidence for the anticancer effects of DHA and EPA, and highlights their rational utilization in combination with bortezomib to achieve improved therapeutic outcome for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, TB, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, TB, the Netherlands; Nutricia Research, Utrecht, 3508, TC, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508, TB, the Netherlands.
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24
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Chen Y, Qiu X, Yang J. Comparing the In Vitro Antitumor, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities between Two New Very Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Docosadienoic Acid (DDA) and Docosatrienoic Acid (DTA), and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1697-1707. [PMID: 32781843 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1804949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) are widely used as nutraceutical supplements for human health. Recently, a high level of two new VLCPUFAs, docosadienoic acid (DDA, 22:2n-6) and docosatrienoic acid (DTA, 22:3n-3), was produced in oilseed crop Brassica carinata using a biotechnology approach. This study investigated the functional properties of these two VLCPUFAs in human cells. Compared to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the golden standard in evaluating the health-promoting activities of VLCPUFAs, both DDA and DTA exhibited comparable or even better antitumor and antioxidant effects against human breast cancer SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Especially, DTA elicited much stronger antioxidant and pro-apoptotic effects than DHA. Furthermore, DDA and DTA showed strong anti-inflammatory effects in human macrophages differentiated from monocyte THP-1 cells through lowering the protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon γ (IFN-γ), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Future In Vivo and In Vivo studies are warranted to identify the mechanism of action (MOA) for the antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of DDA and DTA and explore potential applications of these two VLCPUFAs as novel nutraceutical supplements in preventing inflammatory conditions, aging and even cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Xiao Qiu
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jian Yang
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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25
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Bianco AV, Abood S, Mutsaers A, Woods JP, Coe JB, Verbrugghe A. Unconventional diets and nutritional supplements are more common in dogs with cancer compared to healthy dogs: An online global survey of 345 dog owners. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:706-717. [PMID: 32304175 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This survey aimed to investigate and compare diet type and supplement use between dogs (Canis lupus familiaris, L.) with cancer and a population of owner-reported healthy dogs and to assess the sources of information dog owners consult. Respondents were mainly from English-speaking countries. Dogs were considered healthy (N = 213) if owners reported them to be in good health. Dogs were included in the cancer group (N = 132) if the owner reported that their dog had been diagnosed with cancer. An online survey was distributed to clients presenting to a tertiary oncology service, clients presenting to a local primary care veterinary practice, and through social media. Owners of dogs with cancer spent more time researching pet health (P < .001), pet nutrition (P < .01) and nutritional supplements (P < .001) than owners of healthy dogs. While veterinarians were most commonly reported to be an information source for both groups, owners of healthy dogs more likely consulted pet stores and owners of dogs with cancer tended more to social media groups and blogs. Healthy dogs were more likely fed commercial dry food (P < .001), whereas homemade cooked (P < .001) and raw diets (P < .05) were more prevalent among dogs with cancer. Supplement use, especially cannabidiol products, mushroom extracts or turmeric/curcumin, was also more common for this group (P < .001). Alternative diets and supplements were more popular among owners of dogs with cancer compared to owners of healthy dogs. These findings highlight the need for nutritional counselling and education of pet owners regarding nutrition-related topics, especially when their dog is diagnosed with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana V Bianco
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Sarah Abood
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Anthony Mutsaers
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - J Paul Woods
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Jason B Coe
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Canada
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26
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Bao M, Zhang K, Wei Y, Hua W, Gao Y, Li X, Ye L. Therapeutic potentials and modulatory mechanisms of fatty acids in bone. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12735. [PMID: 31797479 PMCID: PMC7046483 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolism is a lifelong process that includes bone formation and resorption. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are the predominant cell types associated with bone metabolism, which is facilitated by other cells such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), osteocytes and chondrocytes. As an important component in our daily diet, fatty acids are mainly categorized as long-chain fatty acids including polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFAs), saturated fatty acids (LCSFAs), medium-/short-chain fatty acids (MCFAs/SCFAs) as well as their metabolites. Fatty acids are closely associated with bone metabolism and associated bone disorders. In this review, we summarized the important roles and potential therapeutic implications of fatty acids in multiple bone disorders, reviewed the diverse range of critical effects displayed by fatty acids on bone metabolism, and elucidated their modulatory roles and mechanisms on specific bone cell types. The evidence supporting close implications of fatty acids in bone metabolism and disorders suggests fatty acids as potential therapeutic and nutritional agents for the treatment and prevention of metabolic bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyue Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yangyini Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Weihan Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yanzi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of Cariology and EndodonticsWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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27
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Hari AD, Vegi NG, Das UN. Arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids induce oxidative stress to suppress proliferation of human glioma cells. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:974-983. [PMID: 32542101 PMCID: PMC7286332 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.92293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anasuya Devi Hari
- BioScience Research Centre, GVP College of Engineering Campus, Visakhapatnam, India
| | | | - Undurti N. Das
- UND Life Sciences, USA
- Corresponding author: Undurti N. Das MD, DSc, FAMS, FRSC, UND Life Sciences, 2221 NW 5 St, 98604, Battle Ground, USA, Phone: 2162315548, E-mail:
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28
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Ding Y, Yang J, Ma Y, Yao T, Chen X, Ge S, Wang L, Fan X. MYCN and PRC1 cooperatively repress docosahexaenoic acid synthesis in neuroblastoma via ELOVL2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:498. [PMID: 31856871 PMCID: PMC6923955 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The MYCN amplification is a defining hallmark of high-risk neuroblastoma. Due to irregular oncogenes orchestration, tumor cells exhibit distinct fatty acid metabolic features from non-tumor cells. However, the function of MYCN in neuroblastoma fatty acid metabolism reprogramming remains unknown. Methods Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) was used to find the potential target fatty acid metabolites of MYCN. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and clinical bioinformatics analysis was used to find the related target genes. The function of the identified target gene ELOVL2 on cell growth was detected through CCK-8 assay, Soft agar colony formation assay, flow Cytometry assay and mouse xenograft. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and Immunoprecipitation-Mass Spectrometer (IP-MS) further identified the target gene and the co-repressor of MYCN. Results The fatty acid profile of MYCN-depleted neuroblastoma cells identified docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid with anti-tumor activity, significantly increased after MYCN depletion. Compared with MYCN single-copy neuroblastoma cells, DHA level was significantly lower in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. RT-PCR and clinical bioinformatics analysis discovered that MYCN interfered DHA accumulation via ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2 (ELOVL2) which is a rate-limiting enzyme of cellular DHA synthesis. Enforced ELOVL2 expression in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells led to decreased cell growth and counteracted the growth-promoting effect of MYCN overexpression both in vitro and vivo. ELOVL2 Knockdown showed the opposite effect in MYCN single-copy neuroblastoma cells. In primary neuroblastoma, high ELOVL2 transcription correlated with favorable clinical tumor biology and patient survival. The mechanism of MYCN-mediated ELOVL2 inhibition contributed to epigenetic regulation. MYCN recruited PRC1 (Polycomb repressive complex 1), catalysed H2AK119ub (histone 2A lysine 119 monoubiquitination) and inhibited subsequent ELOVL2 transcription. Conclusions The tumor suppressive properties of DHA and ELOVL2 are repressed by the MYCN and PRC1 jointly, which suggests a new epigenetic mechanism of MYCN-mediated fatty acid regulation and indicates PRC1 inhibition as a potential novel strategy to activate ELOVL2 suppressive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yawen Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Tengteng Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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29
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González-Fernández MJ, Fabrikov D, Ramos-Bueno RP, Guil-Guerrero JL, Ortea I. SWATH Differential Abundance Proteomics and Cellular Assays Show In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Arachidonic Acid- and Docosahexaenoic Acid-Based Monoacylglycerols in HT-29 Colorectal Cancer Cells. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2984. [PMID: 31817645 PMCID: PMC6950369 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and mortal types of cancer. There is increasing evidence that some polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) exercise specific inhibitory actions on cancer cells through different mechanisms, as a previous study on CRC cells demonstrated for two very long-chain PUFA. These were docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n3) and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n6) in the free fatty acid (FFA) form. In this work, similar design and technology have been used to investigate the actions of both DHA and ARA as monoacylglycerol (MAG) molecules, and results have been compared with those obtained using the corresponding FFA. Cell assays revealed that ARA- and DHA-MAG exercised dose- and time-dependent antiproliferative actions, with DHA-MAG acting on cancer cells more efficiently than ARA-MAG. Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH) - mass spectrometry massive quantitative proteomics, validated by parallel reaction monitoring and followed by pathway analysis, revealed that DHA-MAG had a massive effect in the proteasome complex, while the ARA-MAG main effect was related to DNA replication. Prostaglandin synthesis also resulted as inhibited by DHA-MAG. Results clearly demonstrated the ability of both ARA- and DHA-MAG to induce cell death in colon cancer cells, which suggests a direct relationship between chemical structure and antitumoral actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José González-Fernández
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, 40120 Almería, Spain; (M.J.G.-F.); (D.F.); (R.P.R.-B.); (J.L.G.-G.)
| | - Dmitri Fabrikov
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, 40120 Almería, Spain; (M.J.G.-F.); (D.F.); (R.P.R.-B.); (J.L.G.-G.)
| | - Rebeca P. Ramos-Bueno
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, 40120 Almería, Spain; (M.J.G.-F.); (D.F.); (R.P.R.-B.); (J.L.G.-G.)
| | - José Luis Guil-Guerrero
- Food Technology Division, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, 40120 Almería, Spain; (M.J.G.-F.); (D.F.); (R.P.R.-B.); (J.L.G.-G.)
| | - Ignacio Ortea
- Proteomics Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
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30
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Gasperi V, Vangapandu C, Savini I, Ventimiglia G, Adorno G, Catani MV. Polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate the delivery of platelet microvesicle-derived microRNAs into human breast cancer cell lines. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 74:108242. [PMID: 31665654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent and malignant types of cancer in women, with an increasing morbidity and mortality rate; in particular, treatment of triple negative breast cancer remains a challenge, since the efforts made with targeted therapies were ineffective. Among surrounding cells influencing the biology of cancer cells, platelets are recognizing as novel players. Activated platelets release microvesicles (MVs) that, once delivered to cancer cells, modulate signaling pathways related to cell growth and dissemination; among factors contained in platelet-derived MVs, microRNAs are highly involved in cancer development. The growing interest in ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as adjuvants in anti-cancer therapy prompted us to investigate the ability of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to modulate MV biological functions. AA induced differential enhancement of platelet-specific microRNAs (miR-223 and miR-126), an effect further enhanced by the presence of DHA. MVs can be delivered to and microRNAs internalized by breast cancer cells, although with different efficiency; analysis of kinetics of MV delivery, indeed, suggested that tumor cells fine-tune the uptake of specific microRNA. Finally, we demonstrated that physiological delivery of platelet miR-223 and miR-126 induced cellular effects in breast cancer cells, including cell cycle arrest, inhibition of migration and sensitivity to cisplatin. These results have been confirmed by exogenous expression of miR-223 and miR-126 through transient transfection experiments. Our preliminary data suggest that ω6/ω3-PUFA supplementation, by modulating microRNA delivery, enhances platelet anti-tumor activities, thus opening new avenues for add-on therapies in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gasperi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chaitanya Vangapandu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Savini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaspare Ventimiglia
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaspare Adorno
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria Catani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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31
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Mortaz E, Moloudizargari M, Khosravi A, Asghari MH, Movassaghi M, Varahram M, Vaezi M, Redegeld FA, Garssen J. EPA and DHA have selective toxicity for PBMCs from multiple myeloma patients in a partly caspase-dependent manner. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2137-2143. [PMID: 31558292 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to have cytotoxic effects in both solid and non-solid tumors. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are among the most studied PUFAs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of these two fatty acids (FAs) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from untreated patients (new cases) with confirmed symptomatic multiple myeloma (MM). Our results showed that EPA at the concentration of 100 μM and DHA at 50 and 100 μM induce potent apoptotic effects in the PBMCs of MM patients (P < 0.05) as evidenced by Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining, while they have little or no effects on the PBMCs isolated from healthy donors (P > 0.05). The observed effects were concentration- and time-dependent and 72 h treatment with DHA at a concentration of 100 μM had the strongest effect (P < 0.01). CD138 + cells isolated from MM patients showed great sensitivity to EPA/DHA. EPA- and DHA-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited by the pan-caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK), indicating that cell death was at least partly dependent on caspase activation. The results of the present study showed that EPA and DHA have selective toxicities for malignant human plasma cells from MM patients, but not for mononuclear cells of healthy donors. These results warrant further studies with larger study populations to investigate the usefulness of PUFAs as a promising adjunctive therapy in the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Moloudizargari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adnan Khosravi
- Chronic Respiratory Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Movassaghi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Varahram
- Mycobacteriology Research Center (MRC) National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vaezi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Frank A Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Nutricia Research Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Jayathilake AG, Kadife E, Luwor RB, Nurgali K, Su XQ. Krill oil extract suppresses the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells through activation of caspase 3/9. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:53. [PMID: 31428181 PMCID: PMC6697998 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently available treatments for colorectal cancer (CRC) associate with numerous side-effects that reduce patients' quality of life. The effective nutraceuticals with high anti-proliferative efficacy and low side-effects are desirable. Our previous study has reported that free fatty acids extract (FFAE) of krill oil induced apoptosis of CRC cells, possibly associated with changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The aims of this study were to compare the anti-proliferative efficacy of FFAE from krill oil on CRC cells with commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, Oxaliplatin, and to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-proliferative effects of krill oil with a focus on intrinsic mitochondrial death pathway. Methods Three human CRC cell lines, including DLD-1, HT-29 and LIM-2405, and one mouse CRC cell line, CT-26, were treated with FFAE of KO and the bioactive components of krill oil, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for 24 h and 48 h. Similarly, these cell lines were treated with Oxaliplatin, a commonly used drug for CRC treatment, for 24 h. The effects of FFAE of KO, EPA, DHA and Oxaliplatin on cell proliferation, mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined via WST-1, JC-10, and ROS assays respectively. The expression of caspase-3, caspase-9 and DNA damage following treatments of FFAE of KO was investigated via western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results The FFAE of KO, EPA and DHA significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased formation of ROS in all four cell lines (P < 0.01). A small dose of FFAE from KO ranged from 0.06 μL/100 μL to 0.12 μL/100 μL containing low concentrations of EPA (0.13-0.52 μM) and DHA (0.06-0.26 μM) achieved similar anti-proliferative effect as Oxaliplatin (P > 0.05). Treatments with the FFAE of KO, EPA and DHA (2:1 ratio) resulted in a significant increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the expression of active forms of caspase-3 and caspase-9 was significantly increased following the treatment of FFAE of KO. Conclusions The present study has demonstrated that the anti-proliferative effects of krill oil on CRC cells are comparable with that of Oxaliplatin, and its anti-proliferative property is associated with the activation of caspase 3/9 in the CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elif Kadife
- 1Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, 8001 Australia
| | - Rodney Brain Luwor
- 2Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkvill, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- 1Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, 8001 Australia.,3Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Australia.,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao Qun Su
- 1Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, 8001 Australia
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Rizzieri D, Paul B, Kang Y. Metabolic alterations and the potential for targeting metabolic pathways in the treatment of multiple myeloma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5. [PMID: 31020046 PMCID: PMC6476731 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2019.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is defined as the collection of complex biochemical processes that living cells use to generate energy and maintain their growth and survival. Metabolism encompasses the synthesis and breakdown of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids; the generation of energy (ATP); and oxidative phosphorylation. In cancer cells, metabolism can be commandeered to promote tumor growth and cellular proliferation. These alterations in metabolism have emerged as an additional hallmark of various cancers. In this review we focus on metabolic alterations in multiple myeloma (MM) - a malignancy of plasma cells - including derangements in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid/amino acid synthesis and degradation. Particular focus is given to metabolic alterations that contribute to myeloma cell growth, proliferation and drug resistance. Finally, novel approaches that target metabolic pathways for the treatment of MM are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Rizzieri
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Barry Paul
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Bazhan D, Khaniani MS. Supplementation with omega fatty acids increases the mRNA expression level of PLA2G4A in patients with gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 9:1176-1183. [PMID: 30603139 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2018.08.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many lines of evidence suggest that arachidonic acid (AA)-based eicosanoid signaling pathway involved in development and progression of human cancers. Cytosolic phospholipase A2-α (cPLA2α) encoded by the PLA2G4A gene acts as an upstream regulator of eicosanoid signaling pathway through providing intracellular AA. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of omega fatty acids on mRNA expression level of PLA2G4A in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and to assess the possible relation between its expression and clinicopathological features. Methods According to treatment strategy, 34 chemotherapy-naive patients were randomly divided into two groups including, treatment group I (17 subjects received cisplatin alone) and treatment group II (17 individuals received cisplatin plus omega fatty acids) in a double-blind manner. The gastric biopsies specimens were taken from subjects before and after treatment and then mRNA expression level of PLA2G4A was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR procedure. Results The expression of the PLA2G4A gene at the protein level in the gastric biopsies samples was also determined by immunohistochemistry. Our findings revealed a significantly up-regulated expression of PLA2G4A mRNA in treatment group II after receiving cisplatin plus omega fatty acid compared to before treatment (P=0.003). In treatment group I, there was no significant difference in mRNA expression levels of PLA2G4A before and after treatment (P=0.790). We also found that mRNA expression of PLA2G4A in treatment group II was significantly associated with tumor size (P=0.007) and familial history (P=0.006). Conclusions This study provides evidence that supplementation with omega fatty acids increases the mRNA expression level of PLA2G4A in patients with GC and may be crucial in guarding the cell from transformation and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Bazhan
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Islamic Azad University, Ahar Branch, Ahar, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Shekari Khaniani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Narayanankutty A, Gopinath MK, Vakayil M, Ramavarma SK, Babu TD, Raghavamenon AC. Non-enzymatic conversion of primary oxidation products of Docosahexaenoic acid into less toxic acid molecules. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 203:222-228. [PMID: 29870906 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is long chain omega-3 fatty acid with known health benefits and clinical significance. However, 4-hydroxy hexenal (HHE), an enzymatic oxidation product of DHA has recently been reported to have health-damaging effects. This conflict raises major concern on the long-term clinical use of these fatty acids. Even though the enzymatic and non-enzymatic conversion of HHE to nontoxic acid molecules is possible by the aldehyde detoxification systems, it has not yet studied. To address this, primary oxidation products of DHA in lipoxidase system were subjected to non-enzymatic conversion at physiological temperature over a period of 1 week. The reaction was monitored using HPLC, IR spectroscopy and biochemical assays (based on the loss of conjugated dienes, lipid peroxides aldehydes). Short term and long term cytotoxicity of the compounds generated at various time points were analyzed. IR and HPLC spectra revealed that the level of aldehydes in the primary oxidation products reduced over time, generating acids and acid derivatives within a week period. In short term and long term cytotoxicity analysis, initial decomposition products were found more toxic than the 1-week decomposition products. Further, when primary oxidation products were subjected to aldehyde dehydrogenase mediated oxidation, it generated products that are also less toxic. The study suggests the possible non-enzymatic conversion of primary oxidation products of DHA to less cytotoxic acid molecules. Exploration of the physiological roles of these acid molecules may explain the biological potential of omega-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Amala Cancer Research Centre (Recognized Centre of University of Calicut), Amala Nagar, Thrissur, 680 555, Kerala, India
| | - Midhun K Gopinath
- Amala Cancer Research Centre (Recognized Centre of University of Calicut), Amala Nagar, Thrissur, 680 555, Kerala, India
| | - Muneera Vakayil
- Amala Cancer Research Centre (Recognized Centre of University of Calicut), Amala Nagar, Thrissur, 680 555, Kerala, India
| | - Smitha K Ramavarma
- Amala Cancer Research Centre (Recognized Centre of University of Calicut), Amala Nagar, Thrissur, 680 555, Kerala, India
| | - Thekkekara Devassy Babu
- Amala Cancer Research Centre (Recognized Centre of University of Calicut), Amala Nagar, Thrissur, 680 555, Kerala, India
| | - Achuthan C Raghavamenon
- Amala Cancer Research Centre (Recognized Centre of University of Calicut), Amala Nagar, Thrissur, 680 555, Kerala, India.
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Picou F, Debeissat C, Bourgeais J, Gallay N, Ferrié E, Foucault A, Ravalet N, Maciejewski A, Vallet N, Ducrocq E, Haddaoui L, Domenech J, Hérault O, Gyan E. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids induce acute myeloid leukemia cell death associated with mitochondrial glycolytic switch and Nrf2 pathway activation. Pharmacol Res 2018; 136:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zajdel A, Kałucka M, Chodurek E, Wilczok A. DHA but not AA Enhances Cisplatin Cytotoxicity in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:1118-1125. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1497673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Zajdel
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kałucka
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ewa Chodurek
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Adam Wilczok
- School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland
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Marei WFA, De Bie J, Mohey-Elsaeed O, Wydooghe E, Bols PEJ, Leroy JLMR. Alpha-linolenic acid protects the developmental capacity of bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes matured under lipotoxic conditions in vitro. Biol Reprod 2018; 96:1181-1196. [PMID: 28520897 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of free fatty acids (FFAs), predominantly palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids (PSO), exert detrimental effects on oocyte developmental competence. This study examined the effects of omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) during in vitro oocyte maturation (IVM) in the presence of PSO on subsequent embryo development and quality, and the cellular mechanisms that might be involved. Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were supplemented during IVM with ALA (50 μM), PSO (425 μM), or PSO+ALA. Compared with FFA-free controls (P < 0.05), PSO increased embryo fragmentation and decreased good quality embryos on day 2 postfertilization. Day 7 blastocyst rate was also reduced. Day 8 blastocysts had lower cell counts and higher apoptosis but normal metabolic profile. In the PSO group, cumulus cell (CC) expansion was inhibited with an increased CC apoptosis while COC metabolism was not affected. Mitochondrial inner membrane potential (MMP; JC-1 staining) was reduced in the CCs and oocytes. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) but not glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78, known as BiP; an endoplasmic reticulum stress marker) was upregulated in the CCs. Higher reactive oxygen species levels (DCHFDA staining) were detected in the oocytes. In contrast, adding ALA in the presence of PSO normalized embryo fragmentation, cleavage, blastocyst rates, and blastocyst quality compared to controls (P > 0.05). Combined treatment with ALA also reduced CC apoptosis, partially recovered CC expansion, abrogated the reduction in MMP in the CCs but not in the oocytes, and reduced BiP and HSP70 expression in CCs, compared with PSO only (P < 0.05). In conclusion, ALA supplementation protected oocyte developmental capacity under lipotoxic conditions mainly by protecting cumulus cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed F A Marei
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jessie De Bie
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Omnia Mohey-Elsaeed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eline Wydooghe
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter E J Bols
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jo L M R Leroy
- Gamete Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Sam MR, Tavakoli-Mehr M, Safaralizadeh R. Omega-3 fatty acid DHA modulates p53, survivin, and microRNA-16-1 expression in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer stem-like cells. GENES AND NUTRITION 2018; 13:8. [PMID: 29619114 PMCID: PMC5879572 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0596-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The presence of chemotherapy-resistant colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) with KRAS mutation is thought to be one of the primary causes for treatment failure in colorectal cancer (CRC). P53, survivin, and microRNA-16-1 are challenging targets for anticancer drugs which are associated with chemoresistance in CRC. Yet, no p53-, survivin-, and microRNA-16-1-modulating drug with low toxicity but high efficacy against KRAS-mutant CCSCs have been approved for clinical application in CRC. Here, we investigated whether in vitro concentrations of DHA equal to human plasma levels, are able to modulate, Wt-p53, survivin, and microRNA-16-1 in CRC cells with stem cell-like properties. Methods Wt-p53/KRAS-mutant CRC cells (HCT-116) with stem cell-like properties were treated with 100-, 150- and 200-μM/L DHA, after which cell number, viability, growth inhibition, Wt-p53, survivin and microRNA-16-1 expression, caspase-3 activation and apoptotic-rate were evaluated by different cellular and molecular techniques. Results After 24-, 48-, and 72-h treatments with 100- to 200-μM/L DHA, growth inhibition- rates were measured to be 54.7% to 59.7%, 73.% to 75.8%, and 63.3% to 97.7%, respectively. Treatment for 48 h with indicated DHA concentrations decreased cell number and viability. In addition, we observed a decrease in both the transcript and protein levels of survivin followed by 1.3- to 1.7- and 1.1- to 4.7-fold increases in the Wt-p53 accumulation and caspase-3 activation levels respectively. Treatment with 100 and 150 μM/L DHA increased microRNA-16-1 expression levels by 1.3- to 1.7-fold and enhanced the microRNA-16-1/survivin mRNA, p53/survivin, and caspase-3/survivin protein ratios by 1.7- to 1.8-, 1.3- to 2.6-, and 1.3- to 2-fold increases respectively. A decrease in the number of live cells and an increase in the number of apoptotic cells were also observed with increasing DHA concentrations. Conclusion Wt-p53, survivin, and microRNA-16-1 appear to be promising molecular targets of DHA. Thus, DHA might represent an attractive anti-tumor agent directed against KRAS-mutant CCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Sam
- 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tavakoli-Mehr
- 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- 2Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Moloudizargari M, Mortaz E, Asghari MH, Adcock IM, Redegeld FA, Garssen J. Effects of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA and DHA, on hematological malignancies: a systematic review. Oncotarget 2018; 9:11858-11875. [PMID: 29545942 PMCID: PMC5837752 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have well established anti-cancer properties. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are among this biologically active family of macromolecules for which various anti-cancer effects have been explained. These PUFAs have a high safety profile and can induce apoptosis and inhibit growth of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, following a partially selective manner. They also increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents by increasing the sensitivity of different cell lines to specific anti-neoplastic drugs. Various mechanisms have been proposed for the anti-cancer effects of these omega-3 PUFAs; however, the exact mechanisms still remain unknown. While numerous studies have investigated the effects of DHA and EPA on solid tumors and the responsible mechanisms, there is no consensus regarding the effects and mechanisms of action of these two FAs in hematological malignancies. Here, we performed a systematic review of the beneficial effects of EPA and DHA on hematological cell lines as well as the findings of related in vivo studies and clinical trials. We summarize the key underlying mechanisms and the therapeutic potential of these PUFAs in the treatment of hematological cancers. Differential expression of apoptosis-regulating genes and Glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gp-x4), varying abilities of different cancerous and healthy cells to metabolize EPA into its more active metabolites and to uptake PUFAS are among the major factors that determine the sensitivity of cells to DHA and EPA. Considering the abundance of data on the safety of these FAs and their proven anti-cancer effects in hematological cell lines and the lack of related human studies, further research is warranted to find ways of exploiting the anticancer effects of DHA and EPA in clinical settings both in isolation and in combination with other therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Moloudizargari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Hossein Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, UK
| | - Frank A Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Nutricia Research Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Utrecht, Netherlands
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41
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Protective Effects of ω-3 PUFA in Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122689. [PMID: 29231904 PMCID: PMC5751291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) may exert a beneficial role as adjuvants in the prevention and treatment of many disorders, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Particularly, several in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies have shown the antitumor activity of ω-3 PUFA in different kinds of cancers, and several human studies have shown that ω-3 PUFA are able to decrease the risk of a series of cardiovascular diseases. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain their pleiotropic beneficial effects. ω-3 PUFA have also been shown to prevent harmful side-effects (including cardiotoxicity and heart failure) induced by conventional and innovative anti-cancer drugs in both animals and patients. The available literature regarding the possible protective effects of ω-3 PUFA against anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, as well as the mechanisms involved, will be critically discussed herein. The study will analyze the critical role of different levels of ω-3 PUFA intake in determining the results of the combinatory studies with anthracyclines. Suggestions for future research will also be considered.
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Shakeri S, Amoozyan N, Fekrat F, Maleki M. Antigastric Cancer Bioactive Aurantiochytrium Oil Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid: From Media Optimization to Cancer Cells Cytotoxicity Assessment. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2706-2718. [PMID: 29095488 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may have a role in contributing to the prevention or inhibition of some malignancies. DHA, the most important polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in fish and thraustochytrid oils, is known for its anticancer activity. However, antigastric cancer activity of thraustochytrid microbial oil is still unclear. In this investigation, 45 thraustochytrid strains were screened for the production of antigastric cancer oil. Cytotoxicity of 12 thraustochytrid oils was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) on gastric cancer AGS cells. The most cytotoxic effect was related to the oil extracted from the qe-4 strain with 45% cell cytotoxicity. Therefore, the Taguchi methodology was used to optimize this bioactive microbial oil. The amounts of biomass, oil, and DHA were increased to 10.32 g/L, 3.86 g/L, and 1390 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the use of glycerol in low saline medium enhanced the yield of DHA. Then, the cytotoxicity of thraustochytrids oil rich in DHA or C16 (0.5 to 10 mg/mL), was assessed on AGS cells. Only the oil that was rich in DHA showed an inhibitory effect (IC50 ) on AGS cells (same as the standard DHA at 1.26 mg/mL). These new findings revealed that thraustochytrid derived oil rich in DHA, has an inhibitory effect on gastric cancer cells. Phylogenetic analysis showed that qe-4 is related to the genus Aurantiochytrium (AN: KR091914) as a potential candidate for the production of bioactive oil. In conclusion, these results certainly support further investigations on this bioactive microbial oil as an additive for the fortification of food and dairy products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Thraustochytrid microbial oil rich in DHA, showed antigastric cancer activity comparable to that of pure DHA; indicating that this microbial bioactive omega-3 oil rich in the very important PUFA (DHA), can be applied as an additive for the fortification of food and dairy products. Also, Aurantiochytrium sp. KR091914, as a GRAS microorganism, is a good producer of this bioactive oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahryar Shakeri
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Inst. of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate Univ. of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Neda Amoozyan
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Inst. of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate Univ. of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fekrat
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Inst. of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate Univ. of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maleki
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Inst. of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate Univ. of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
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Jelińska M, Białek A, Gielecińska I, Mojska H, Tokarz A. Impact of conjugated linoleic acid administered to rats prior and after carcinogenic agent on arachidonic and linoleic acid metabolites in serum and tumors. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 126:1-8. [PMID: 29031386 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the influence of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) daily supplementation prior and after carcinogenic agent on the concentrations of eicosanoids - metabolites of arachidonic acid (15-, 12- or 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (15-, 12-, 5-HETE), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)) and linoleic acid (13- or 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (13-, 9-HODE)) in rat serum and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced tumors. Female rats were randomised into six groups, receiving 1% or 2% Bio-C.L.A or plant oil since the 37th day of life throughout the whole experiment. Some rats (50-day-old) were administered DMBA to induce tumors. Eicosanoids were analyzed with LC-MS/MS. The study indicated that CLA supplemented daily to rats prior and after carcinogen administration affected concentrations of arachidonic and linoleic acid metabolites in rat serum and induced tumors. However, ratios of eicosanoids exerting opposite activities (e.g. 12-HETE/15-HETE) appear to act as more precise factors reflecting pathological changes in an organism than individual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Jelińska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Gielecińska
- Department of Metabolomics, National Food and Nutrition Institute, Powsińska 61/63, 02-903 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Mojska
- Department of Metabolomics, National Food and Nutrition Institute, Powsińska 61/63, 02-903 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tokarz
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone disease is a defining characteristic of multiple myeloma (MM) and the major cause of morbidity. It manifests as lytic lesions or osteopenia and is often associated with severe pain, pathological fracture, spinal cord compression, vertebral collapse, and hypercalcemia. Here, we have reviewed recent data on understanding its biology and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS The imbalance between bone regeneration and bone resorption underlies the pathogenesis of osteolytic bone disease. Increased osteoclast proliferation and activity accompanied by inhibition of bone-forming osteoblasts leads to progressive bone loss and lytic lesions. Although tremendous progress has been made, MM remains an incurable disease. Novel agents targeting bone disease are under investigation with the goal of not only preventing bone loss and improving bone quality but also harnessing MM tumor growth. Current data illustrate that the interactions between MM cells and the tumor-bone microenvironment contribute to the bone disease and continued MM progression. A better understanding of this microenvironment is critical for novel therapeutic treatments of both MM and associated bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Panaroni
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Professional Office Building 216, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew J Yee
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Professional Office Building 216, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Noopur S Raje
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Professional Office Building 216, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Dumas JF, Brisson L, Chevalier S, Mahéo K, Fromont G, Moussata D, Besson P, Roger S. Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, consequences on pH and tumour progression: Integrated therapeutic perspectives with dietary lipids as adjuvant to anticancer treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 43:90-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) promotes immunogenic apoptosis in human multiple myeloma cells, induces autophagy and inhibits STAT3 in both tumor and dendritic cells. Genes Cancer 2017; 8:426-437. [PMID: 28435516 PMCID: PMC5396621 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oil, is a multi-target agent and exerts anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities alone or in combination with chemotherapies. Combinatorial anticancer therapies, which induce immunogenic apoptosis, autophagy and STAT3 inhibition have been proposed for long-term therapeutic success. Here, we found that DHA promoted immunogenic apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells, with no toxicity on PBMCs and DCs. Immunogenic apoptosis was shown by the emission of specific DAMPs (CRT, HSP90, HMGB1) by apoptotic MM cells and the activation of their pro-apoptotic autophagy. Moreover, immunogenic apoptosis was directly shown by the activation of DCs by DHA-induced apoptotic MM cells. Furthermore, we provided the first evidence that DHA activated autophagy in PBMCs and DCs, thus potentially acting as immune stimulator and enhancing processing and presentation of tumor antigens by DCs. Finally, we found that DHA inhibited STAT3 in MM cells. STAT3 pathway, essential for MM survival, contributed to cancer cell apoptosis by DHA. We also found that DHA inhibited STAT3 in blood immune cells and counteracted STAT3 activation by tumor cell-released factors in PBMCs and DCs, suggesting the potential enhancement of the anti-tumor function of multiple immune cells and, in particular, that of DCs.
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Wu SH, Zheng CP, Chen SY, Liu Z, Lin BJ, Fan YF, Weng SS. [Effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on multiple myeloma growth inhibition and enhanced sensitivity of dexamethasone]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2016; 37:1085-1088. [PMID: 28088976 PMCID: PMC7348492 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S H Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University (Wenzhou Central Hospital), Wenzhou 325000, China
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Docosahexaenoic Acid Induces Oxidative DNA Damage and Apoptosis, and Enhances the Chemosensitivity of Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081257. [PMID: 27527148 PMCID: PMC5000655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human diet contains low amounts of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and high amounts of ω-6 PUFAs, which has been reported to contribute to the incidence of cancer. Epidemiological studies have shown that a high consumption of fish oil or ω-3 PUFAs reduced the risk of colon, pancreatic, and endometrial cancers. The ω-3 PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), shows anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis of some human cancer cells without toxicity against normal cells. DHA induces oxidative stress and oxidative DNA adduct formation by depleting intracellular glutathione (GSH) and decreasing the mitochondrial function of cancer cells. Oxidative DNA damage and DNA strand breaks activate DNA damage responses to repair the damaged DNA. However, excessive DNA damage beyond the capacity of the DNA repair processes may initiate apoptotic signaling pathways and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. DHA shows a variable inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth depending on the cells’ molecular properties and degree of malignancy. It has been shown to affect DNA repair processes including DNA-dependent protein kinases and mismatch repair in cancer cells. Moreover, DHA enhanced the efficacy of anticancer drugs by increasing drug uptake and suppressing survival pathways in cancer cells. In this review, DHA-induced oxidative DNA damage, apoptotic signaling, and enhancement of chemosensitivity in cancer cells will be discussed based on recent studies.
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Abstract
Considerable debate exists regarding the potential antineoplastic effect of dietary long-chain n-3 PUFA contained in fatty fishes. Since the majority of published data has proven that their intake does not induce toxic or carcinogenic effects in humans, their possible preventive use against cancer has been suggested. On the other hand, it is unlikely that they could be effective in cancer patients as a single therapy. Nevertheless, a considerable effort has been put forth in recent years to evaluate the hypothesis that n-3 PUFA might improve the antineoplastic efficiency of currently used anticancer agents. The rationale for this therapeutic combinatory strategy is trying to increase cancer sensitivity to conventional therapies. This could allow the use of lower drug/radiation doses and, thereby, a reduction in the detrimental health effects associated with these treatments. We will here critically examine the studies that have investigated this possibility, by focusing particularly on the biological and molecular mechanisms underlying the antineoplastic effect of these combined treatments. A possible use of n-3 PUFA in combination with the innovative single-targeted anti-cancer therapies, that often are not completely devoid of dangerous side-effects, is also suggested.
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Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity: Implications for Multi-Targeted Cancer Therapy. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5020015. [PMID: 26821053 PMCID: PMC4773771 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major disease worldwide. Despite progress in cancer therapy, conventional cytotoxic therapies lead to unsatisfactory long-term survival, mainly related to development of drug resistance by tumor cells and toxicity towards normal cells. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), can exert anti-neoplastic activity by inducing apoptotic cell death in human cancer cells either alone or in combination with conventional therapies. Indeed, n-3 PUFAs potentially increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to conventional therapies, possibly improving their efficacy especially against cancers resistant to treatment. Moreover, in contrast to traditional therapies, n-3 PUFAs appear to cause selective cytotoxicity towards cancer cells with little or no toxicity on normal cells. This review focuses on studies investigating the cytotoxic activity of n-3 PUFAs against cancer cells via apoptosis, analyzing the molecular mechanisms underlying this effective and selective activity. Here, we highlight the multiple molecules potentially targeted by n-3 PUFAs to trigger cancer cell apoptosis. This analysis can allow a better comprehension of the potential cytotoxic therapeutic role of n-3 PUFAs against cancer, providing specific information and support to design future pre-clinical and clinical studies for a better use of n-3 PUFAs in cancer therapy, mainly combinational therapy.
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