1
|
Acosta JE, Burns JL, Hillyer LM, Van K, Brendel EBK, Law C, Ma DWL, Monk JM. Effect of Lifelong Exposure to Dietary Plant and Marine Sources of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Morphologic and Gene Expression Biomarkers of Intestinal Health in Early Life. Nutrients 2024; 16:719. [PMID: 38474847 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Altered intestinal health is also associated with the incidence and severity of many chronic inflammatory conditions, which could be attenuated via dietary n-3 PUFA interventions. However, little is known about the effect of lifelong exposure to n-3 PUFA from plant and marine sources (beginning in utero via the maternal diet) on early life biomarkers of intestinal health. Harems of C57Bl/6 mice were randomly assigned to one of three isocaloric AIN-93G modified diets differing in their fat sources consisting of the following: (i) 10% safflower oil (SO, enriched in n-6 PUFA), (ii) 3% flaxseed oil + 7% safflower oil (FX, plant-based n-3 PUFA-enriched diet), or (iii) 3% menhaden fish oil + 7% safflower oil (MO, marine-based n-3 PUFA-enriched diet). Mothers remained on these diets throughout pregnancy and offspring (n = 14/diet) continued on the same parental diet until termination at 3 weeks of age. In ileum, villi:crypt length ratios were increased in both the FX and MO dietary groups compared to SO (p < 0.05). Ileum mRNA expression of critical intestinal health biomarkers was increased by both n-3 PUFA-enriched diets including Relmβ and REG3γ compared to SO (p < 0.05), whereas only the FX diet increased mRNA expression of TFF3 and Muc2 (p < 0.05) and only the MO diet increased mRNA expression of ZO-1 (p < 0.05). In the proximal colon, both the FX and MO diets increased crypt lengths compared to SO (p < 0.05), whereas only the MO diet increased goblet cell numbers compared to SO (p < 0.05). Further, the MO diet increased proximal colon mRNA expression of Relmβ and REG3γ (p < 0.05) and both MO and FX increased mRNA expression of Muc2 compared to SO (p < 0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrate that lifelong exposure to dietary n-3 PUFA, beginning in utero, from both plant and marine sources, can support intestinal health development in early life. The differential effects between plant and marine sources warrants further investigation for optimizing health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julianna E Acosta
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jessie L Burns
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Lyn M Hillyer
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kelsey Van
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Elaina B K Brendel
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Camille Law
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Monk
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Ma X, Luo L, Tang D, Zhang L. The What and Who of Dietary Lignans in Human Health: Special Attention to Estrogen Effects and Safety Evaluation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16419-16434. [PMID: 37870451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Lignans are a group of phenolic compounds found in plant-based diets. The human body can obtain lignans through diet, which are then metabolized into enterolignans. The enterolignans have been linked to several health benefits, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects, and estrogen effects. This review explores the relationship between the estrogenic effects of lignans and health. This review not only considers the estrogen-like activity of lignans but also discusses the safe dosage of lignans at different life stages. In addition, this review also identified other types of bioactive compounds that can act synergistically with lignans to promote health. Studies have shown that lignan administration during pregnancy and lactation reduces the risk of breast cancer in offspring. Further studies are needed to investigate the estrogenic safety effects of lignan on pregnant women and children. Whether lignans combine with other nutrients in complex food substrates to produce synergistic effects remains to be investigated. This review provides a basis for future studies on the safe dose of lignan and recommended dietary intake of lignan. We believe that the acquired as discussed here has implications for developing dietary therapies that can promote host nutrition and modulate estrogenic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ma
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lianzhong Luo
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Medicinal Natural Products Resources, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Danqing Tang
- The School of Foreign Languages of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsai HH, Yu JC, Hsu HM, Chu CH, Chang TM, Hong ZJ, Feng AC, Fu CY, Hsu KF, Dai MS, Liao GS. The Risk of Breast Cancer between Western and Mediterranean Dietary Patterns. Nutrients 2023; 15:2057. [PMID: 37432206 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a significant public health problem globally and prevention strategies have become of great interest as its incidence rises. Exploring the connection between dietary patterns and the reduction of breast cancer risk is considered a promising approach. High levels of fiber, phytochemicals, a good antioxidant profile, and a composition of advantageous fatty acids are characteristics of healthy dietary programs such as the Mediterranean diet. This review summarized and discussed the active compounds that are considered important in preventing breast cancer, including dietary components from recent related reports. These include polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, phytochemicals, and alcohol. Although the exact mechanism for preventing breast cancer using these dietary factors is not well understood, the combination of all the elements in a healthy diet plays a role in reducing breast cancer risk. Considering the elevated probability of breast cancer relapse and mortality, it is crucial to investigate the correlation between a nutritious dietary pattern and breast cancer, while identifying bioactive components that have the potential to mitigate the risk of breast cancer incidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Han Tsai
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cherng Yu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Ming Hsu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hong Chu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Chang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Jie Hong
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - An-Chieh Feng
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Fu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hsu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shen Dai
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Shiou Liao
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Services General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Theinel MH, Nucci MP, Alves AH, Dias OFM, Mamani JB, Garrigós MM, Oliveira FA, Rego GNA, Valle NME, Cianciarullo G, Gamarra LF. The Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Breast Cancer as a Preventive Measure or as an Adjunct to Conventional Treatments. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061310. [PMID: 36986040 PMCID: PMC10052714 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to understand how omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) supplements affect breast cancer prevention and treatment, a systematic review of articles published in the last 5 years in two databases was performed. Of the 679 articles identified, only 27 were included and examined based on five topics, taking into account: the induction type of the breast cancer used in animal models; the characteristics of the induction model by cell transplantation; the experimental design of the ω-3 supplementation—combined or not with a treatment antitumor drug; the fatty acids (FAs) composition used; the analysis of the studies’ outcomes. There are diverse and well-established animal models of breast cancer in the literature, with very relevant histological and molecular similarities depending on the specific objective of the study, such as whether the method of tumor induction was transgenic, by cell transplantation, or by oncogenic drugs. The analyses of outcomes were mainly focused on monitoring tumor growth, body/tumor weight, and molecular, genetic, or histological analyses, and few studies evaluated latency, survival, or metastases. The best results occurred when supplementation with ω-3 PUFA was associated with antitumor drugs, especially in the analysis of metastases and volume/weight of tumors or when the supplementation was started early and maintained for a long time. However, the beneficial effect of ω-3 PUFA supplementation when not associated with an antitumor agent remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana P. Nucci
- LIM44–Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lionel F. Gamarra
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2151-0243
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The cross-sectional relationship among omega-3 fatty acid levels, cardiorespiratory fitness, and depressive symptoms from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. J Psychosom Res 2023; 168:111181. [PMID: 36868110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) are implicated in numerous illnesses including depression. The literature is mixed regarding the relationship between n-3 PUFA levels and depression, and studies based on self-reported dietary n-3 PUFA intake may not accurately reflect in vivo levels. METHOD The current cross-sectional analysis examined the relationship between erythrocyte levels (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CESD), adjusting for health-related factors and omega-3 supplement use in 16,398 adults assessed at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas for preventative medical examinations between April 6, 2009, and September 1, 2020. A three-stage hierarchical linear regression was conducted to examine the EPA and DHA levels on CES-D before and after inclusion of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the model. RESULTS DHA level, but not EPA level, was significantly associated with CES-D scores. Taking omega-3 supplements was associated with lower CES-D scores even when adjusting for CRF, while hs-CRP was non-significantly associated with CES-D scores. These findings suggest that DHA levels are related to depressive symptom severity. Omega-3 PUFA supplement use was associated with lower CES-D scores when controlling for EPA and DHA levels. CONCLUSION The findings from this cross-sectional study suggest that lifestyle and/or other contextual factors unrelated to EPA and DHA levels may also be associated with depressive symptom severity. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the role of health-related mediators among these relationships.
Collapse
|
6
|
Santos AL, Ionta M, Horvath RO, Soares MG, Silva DO, Kawafune ES, Ferreira MJP, Sartorelli P. Dereplication of Cytochalasans and Octaketides in Cytotoxic Extracts of Endophytic Fungi from Casearia arborea (Salicaceae). Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100903. [PMID: 36295805 PMCID: PMC9611219 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytes have been shown to be a source of novel drug prototypes. The Casearia genus is known for presenting cytotoxic clerodane diterpenes; however, there are few reports on secondary metabolites produced by its fungal microbiota. Thus, in the present study endophytic fungi obtained from the fresh leaves of C. arborea were grown in potato dextrose broth and rice to perform a secondary metabolite prospection study. The cytotoxic profile of the crude extracts at 10 µg/mL was determined by a colorimetric assay on tumor cell lines. The endophytes producing cytotoxic extracts were identified through phylogenetic analysis and belong to Diaporthe and Colletotrichum species. Metabolites present in these extracts were organized in molecular networking format based on HRMS-MS, and a dereplication process was performed to target compounds for chromatographic purification. Metabolic classes, such as lipids, peptides, alkaloids, and polyketides were annotated, and octaketide and cytochalasin derivatives were investigated. Cytochalasin H was purified from the cytotoxic Diaporthe sp. CarGL8 extract and its cytotoxic activity was determined on human cancer cell lines A549, MCF-7, and HepG2. The data collected in the present study showed that molecular networking is useful to understand the chemical profile of complex matrices to target compounds, minimizing the cost and time spent in purification processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto L. Santos
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Marisa Ionta
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Renato O. Horvath
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Marisi G. Soares
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Daniele O. Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Minas Gerais 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Eunizinis S. Kawafune
- Botany Department, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Marcelo J. P. Ferreira
- Botany Department, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
- Correspondence: (M.J.P.F.); (P.S.)
| | - Patricia Sartorelli
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 09972-270, Brazil
- Correspondence: (M.J.P.F.); (P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Contribution of n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to the Prevention of Breast Cancer Risk Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137936. [PMID: 35805595 PMCID: PMC9265492 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, diet and breast cancer are studied at different levels, particularly in tumor prevention and progression. Thus, the molecular mechanisms leading to better knowledge are deciphered with a higher precision. Among the molecules implicated in a preventive and anti-progressive way, n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) are good candidates. These molecules, like docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids, are generally found in marine material, such as fat fishes or microalgae. EPA and DHA act as anti-proliferative, anti-invasive, and anti-angiogenic molecules in breast cancer cell lines, as well as in in vivo studies. A better characterization of the cellular and molecular pathways involving the action of these fatty acids is essential to have a realistic image of the therapeutic avenues envisaged behind their use. This need is reinforced by the increase in the number of clinical trials involving more and more n-3 LC-PUFAs, and this, in various pathologies ranging from obesity to a multitude of cancers. The objective of this review is, therefore, to highlight the new elements showing the preventive and beneficial effects of n-3 LC-PUFAs against the development and progression of breast cancer.
Collapse
|
8
|
Luo H, Chen CY, Li X, Zhang X, Su CW, Liu Y, Cao T, Hao L, Wang M, Kang JX. Increased lipogenesis is critical for self-renewal and growth of breast cancer stem cells: Impact of omega-3 fatty acids. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1660-1670. [PMID: 34486791 PMCID: PMC9292025 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant lipid metabolism has recently been recognized as a new hallmark of malignancy, but the characteristics of fatty acid metabolism in breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) and potential interventions targeting this pathway remain to be addressed. Here, by using the in vitro BCSC models, mammosphere‐derived MCF‐7 cells and HMLE‐Twist‐ER cells, we found that the cells with stem cell‐like properties exhibited a very distinct profile of fatty acid metabolism compared with that of their parental cancer cells, characterized by increased lipogenesis, especially the activity of stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) responsible for the production of monounsaturated fatty acids, and augmented synthesis and utilization of the omega‐6 arachidonic acid (AA). Suppression of SCD1 activity by either enzyme inhibitors or small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown strikingly limited self‐renewal and growth of the BCSC, suggesting a key role for SCD1 in BCSC proliferation. Furthermore, elevated levels of SCD1 and other lipogenic enzymes were observed in human breast cancer tissues relative to the noncancer tissues from the same patients and correlated with the pathological grades. Interestingly, treatment of BCSC with omega‐3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, effectively downregulated the expression of the lipogenic enzymes and markedly suppressed BCSC self‐renewal and growth. Dietary supplementation of nude mice bearing BCSC‐derived tumors with omega‐3 fatty acids also significantly reduced their tumor load. These findings have demonstrated that increased lipogenesis is critical for self‐renewal and growth of BCSC, and that omega‐3 fatty acids are effective in targeting this pathway to exert their anticancer effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Luo
- Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiangyong Li
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jiangmen, People's Republic of China
| | - Chien-Wen Su
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yinghua Liu
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tinglan Cao
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lei Hao
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology (LLMT), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Monk JM, Liddle DM, Hutchinson AL, Burns JL, Wellings H, Cartwright NM, Muller WJ, Power KA, Robinson LE, Ma DWL. Fish oil supplementation increases expression of mammary tumor apoptosis mediators and reduces inflammation in an obesity-associated HER-2 breast cancer model. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 95:108763. [PMID: 33965532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with inflammation and has been shown to increase breast cancer severity. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of fish oil (FO) supplementation in obesity-associated mammary tumorigenesis in the MMTV-neu(ndl)-YD5 mouse model of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive BC. Female mice were fed one of three diets for 16 weeks: i) high fat diet [HF, % kacl: 41.2% lard, 18.7% corn oil (CO)], ii) an isocaloric HF plus menhaden FO diet (HF+FO, % kcal: 41.2 lard, 13.4% CO, 5.3% FO), iii) low fat diet (LF, % kcal: 4.7% lard, 6% CO). HF mice had increased body weight, visceral adipose weight and serum hormone concentrations (increased leptin and resistin; decreased adiponectin) versus LF, which was attenuated in the HF+FO group versus HF (P<.05). Compared to HF, tumor onset was delayed in HF+FO and LF mice (P<0.05). Compared to HF, HF+FO reduced mammary tumor multiplicity (-27%), tumor weight (-46%) and total tumor volume (-50%) (P<0.05). Additionally, HF+FO reduced mammary tumor multiplicity (-33%), tumor weight (-39%) and total tumor volume (-60%) versus LF. HF+FO improved mammary tumor apoptosis status with increased expression of pro-apoptotic Bad and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xLmediators versus HF (P<0.05). Additionally, HF+FO decreased tumor protein expression of activated Akt, NFκB p65 and STAT3, versus HF (P<0.05). Tumor mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators TNFα, IL-6 and leptin were reduced in HF+FO, whereas IL-10 expression was increased compared to HF (P<0.05). Collectively these results demonstrate the efficacy of FO supplementation for improving obesity-associated breast cancer outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Monk
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
| | - Danyelle M Liddle
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Amber L Hutchinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Jessie L Burns
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Hannah Wellings
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Nadia M Cartwright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - William J Muller
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Krista A Power
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada, K1H 8L1
| | - Lindsay E Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, Canada, N1G 2W1.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Garay MI, Comba A, Vara Messler M, Barotto NN, Silva RA, Repossi G, Quiroga PL, Mazzudulli GM, Brunotto MN, Pasqualini ME. Tumorigenic effect mediated by ROS/eicosanoids and their regulation on TP53 expression in a murine mammary gland adenocarcinoma. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 155:106564. [PMID: 34004336 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the in vivo and in vitro effects of dietary ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their derivatives on the expression of TP53 and their relationship with cellular proliferation and death in a murine mammary adenocarcinoma model. BALB/c mice were divided in three diet groups: chia oil (ChO) rich in ω-3, corn oil (CO) rich in ω-6/ω-3 and safflower oil (SO) rich in ω-6 and subcutaneously inoculated with LMM3 mammary tumor cell line. Results demonstrated that diets with higher concentration of omega-6 PUFAs induced an increment of linoleic and arachidonic acid on tumor cell membranes increasing ROS liberation, 12(S)-HHT generation, TP53, Ki67 expression and cell proliferation. However, diets enriched with high content in omega-3 PUFAs induced higher tumor cell apoptosis and tumor infiltration of CD3+ lymphocytes, lowest cell viability and proliferation. Dietary omega-3 PUFAs nutritional intervention can be used as a potential preventative strategy to inhibit the molecular signaling pathways involved in the mammary tumor growth process as the TP53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M I Garay
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - A Comba
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, 48109, MI, USA.
| | - M Vara Messler
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy.
| | - N N Barotto
- Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - R A Silva
- Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - G Repossi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - P L Quiroga
- Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - G M Mazzudulli
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - M N Brunotto
- Departamento de Biología Bucal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - M E Pasqualini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Total long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids level is an independent predictive factor of breast cancer multifocality in women with positive hormone-receptors tumors. Surg Oncol 2021; 38:101597. [PMID: 34051659 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2021.101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In a previous pilot study, we showed that polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids of breast adipose tissues were associated with breast cancer multifocality. In the present study, we investigated biochemical, clinical and histological factors associated with breast cancer focality in a large cohort of women with positive hormone-receptors tumors. One hundred sixty-one consecutive women presenting with positive hormone-receptors breast cancer underwent breast-imaging procedures including a Magnetic Resonance Imaging prior to treatment. Breast adipose tissue specimens were collected during surgery of tumors. A biochemical profile of breast adipose tissue fatty acids was established by gas chromatography. Clinicopathologic characteristics were correlated with multifocality. We assessed whether these factors were predictive of breast cancer focality. We found that tumor size (OR = 1.06 95%CI [1.02-1.09], p < 0.001) and decreased levels in breast adipose tissue of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids (OR = 0.11 95%CI [0.01-0.98], p = 0.03), were independent predictive factors of multifocality. Low levels of long chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids in breast adipose tissue appear to contribute to breast cancer multifocality. The present results reinforce the link between dietary habits and breast cancer clinical presentation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Her-2 Breast Cancer Outcomes Are Mitigated by Consuming n-3 Polyunsaturated, Saturated, and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Compared to n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123901. [PMID: 33419361 PMCID: PMC7766940 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle habits, such as the consumption of a healthy diet, may prevent up to 30–50% of breast cancer (BC) cases. Dietary fats are of specific interest, as research provides strong evidence regarding the association of dietary fats and BC. However, there is limited research on the role of different types of fats including polyunsaturated (PUFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and saturated fatty acids (SFA). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of lifelong exposure to various dietary fats on mammary tumour development over a 20-week period. Female heterozygous MMTV-neu (ndl) YD5 mouse models were fed five maternal diets containing (1) 10% safflower oil (n-6 PUFA, control), (2) 3% menhaden oil + 7% safflower oil (marine n-3 PUFA, control), (3) 3% flaxseed + 7% safflower oil (plant-based n-3 PUFA), (4) 10% olive oil (MUFA), or (5) 10% lard (SFA). The primary measures, tumour latency, volume, and multiplicity differed by diet treatment in the following general order, n-6 PUFA > plant n-3 PUFA, SFA, MUFA > marine n-3 PUFA. Overall, these findings show that the quality of the diet plays a significant role influencing mammary tumour outcomes.
Collapse
|
13
|
Hosseini SF, Rezaei M, McClements DJ. Bioactive functional ingredients from aquatic origin: a review of recent progress in marine-derived nutraceuticals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1242-1269. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1839855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Fakhreddin Hosseini
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Masoud Rezaei
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yurko-Mauro K, Van Elswyk M, Teo L. A Scoping Review of Interactions between Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Genetic Variation in Relation to Cancer Risk. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061647. [PMID: 32498320 PMCID: PMC7352171 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This scoping review examines the interaction of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and genetic variants of various types of cancers. A comprehensive search was performed to identify controlled and observational studies conducted through August 2017. Eighteen unique studies were included: breast cancer (n = 2), gastric cancer (n = 1), exocrine pancreatic cancer (n = 1), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 1), prostate cancer (n = 7) and colorectal cancer (n = 6). An additional 13 studies that focused on fish intake or at-risk populations were summarized to increase readers’ understanding of the topic based on this review, DHA and EPA interact with certain genetic variants to decrease breast, colorectal and prostate cancer risk, although data was limited and identified polymorphisms were heterogeneous. The evidence to date demonstrates that omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) may decrease cancer risk by affecting genetic variants of inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress and tumor apoptosis. Collectively, data supports the notion that once a genetic variant is identified, the benefits of a targeted, personalized therapeutic regimen that includes DHA and/or EPA should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Yurko-Mauro
- Pharma Segment, DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, MD 21045, USA
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Lynn Teo
- Teo Research Consulting, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Määttänen P, Lurz E, Botts SR, Wu RY, Robinson SC, Yeung CW, Colas R, Li B, Johnson-Henry KC, Surette ME, Dalli J, Sherman PM. Plant- and Fish-Derived n-3 PUFAs Suppress Citrobacter Rodentium-Induced Colonic Inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900873. [PMID: 31945799 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Marine-derived n-3 PUFAs may ameliorate inflammation associated with inflammatory bowel diseases. Plant-derived n-3 PUFAs are thought to be inferior owing to shorter chain lengths. The aim of this study is to compare the impact of plant- and fish-derived PUFAs on murine colitis. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice are fed high fat (36% kcal) diets with either 2.5% w/w sunflower oil (SO), flaxseed oil (FSO), ahiflower oil (AO), or fish oil (FO). After 4 weeks, mice are orogastrically challenged with Citrobacter rodentium (108 CFU) or sham gavaged. Fecal shedding is assayed at 2, 7, 10, and 14 days post infection (PI), and fecal microbiota at 14 days PI. Colonic inflammation and lipid mediators are measured. Supplementation regulates intestinal inflammation with crypt lengths being 66, 73, and 62 ±17 µm shorter (compared to SO) for FSO, AO, and FO respectively, p < 0.01. FSO blunts pathogen shedding at the peak of infection and FSO and AO both enhance fecal microbial diversity. FO attenuates levels of lipoxin and leukotriene B4 while plant oils increase pro-resolving mediator concentrations including D, E, and T-series resolvins. CONCLUSION Plant and fish n-3 PUFAs attenuate colitis-induced inflammation while exhibiting characteristic pro-resolving lipid mediator metabolomes. Plant oils additionally promote microbial diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pekka Määttänen
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Biology Department, Burman University, Lacombe, Alberta, T4L 2E5, Canada
| | - Eberhard Lurz
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximillians-University LMU, Munich, 80539, Germany
| | - Steven R Botts
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Richard Y Wu
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Shaiya C Robinson
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - C William Yeung
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Romain Colas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Bo Li
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kathene C Johnson-Henry
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Marc E Surette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Philip M Sherman
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lin CR, Chu TM, Luo A, Huang SJ, Chou HY, Lu MW, Wu JL. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress metastatic features of human cholangiocarcinoma cells by suppressing twist. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 74:108245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
17
|
The role of omega 3 fatty acids in suppressing muscle protein catabolism: A possible therapeutic strategy to reverse cancer cachexia? J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
18
|
Pacheco BS, Dos Santos MAZ, Schultze E, Martins RM, Lund RG, Seixas FK, Colepicolo P, Collares T, Paula FR, De Pereira CMP. Cytotoxic Activity of Fatty Acids From Antarctic Macroalgae on the Growth of Human Breast Cancer Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:185. [PMID: 30560124 PMCID: PMC6286972 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae are a natural source of clinically relevant molecules such as polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. The Antarctic environment, due to its cold climate, leads to high production of these bioactive molecules. Adenocystis utricularis, Curdiea racovitzae, and Georgiella confluens from three distinct islands in the Antarctic Peninsula were collected and analyzed for their fatty acid content by gas chromatography flame ionization detection. Results revealed that the algal extracts consisted of 22 fatty acids, of which 9 were saturated, 4 were monounsaturated, and 9 were polyunsaturated (PUFA). In addition, fucosterol was identified within the lipidic extracts. The cytotoxic activity of these fatty acids was evaluated in human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. The most notable result was the effect of PUFA on the growth inhibition of cancer cells ranging from 61.04 to 69.78% in comparison to control cells. Significant cytotoxic activity of fatty acids from A. utricularis was observed at 48 h, resulting in an inhibition of growth of more than 50% for breast cancer cells at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. A cell viability assay showed that the fatty acids from A. utricularis significantly reduced cell viability (68.7% in MCF-7 and 89% in MDA-MB-231 after 72 h of exposure). At the same time, DAPI staining demonstrated chromatin condensation, and apoptotic bodies formed in cells that were cultured with fatty acids from A. utricularis. These data indicate that fatty acids from Antarctic macroalgae have the potential to reduce the proliferation of and induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Silveira Pacheco
- Bioforensic Research Group, Lipidomic and Bio-Organic Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Research Group on Cellular and Molecular Oncology, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Ziemann Dos Santos
- Bioforensic Research Group, Lipidomic and Bio-Organic Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Schultze
- Research Group on Cellular and Molecular Oncology, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Mastelari Martins
- Bioforensic Research Group, Lipidomic and Bio-Organic Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Rafael Guerra Lund
- Bioforensic Research Group, Lipidomic and Bio-Organic Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kömmling Seixas
- Research Group on Cellular and Molecular Oncology, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Pio Colepicolo
- Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Bioforensic Research Group, Lipidomic and Bio-Organic Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Research Group on Cellular and Molecular Oncology, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Favero Reisdorfer Paula
- Laboratory of Research and Drugs Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Pampa, Bagé, Brazil
| | - Claudio Martin Pereira De Pereira
- Bioforensic Research Group, Lipidomic and Bio-Organic Laboratory, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospection, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Research Group on Cellular and Molecular Oncology, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|