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Lima TDR, Voltarelli FA, Freire LS, da Silva FA, de Almeida PC, Ávila ETP, de França SA, Pereira MP, Damazo AS, Navalta JW, Fett CA, Kawashita NH. High-fat diet and fructose drink introduced after weaning rats, induces a better human obesity model than very high-fat diet. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13671. [PMID: 33694197 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we associated a high-fat diet (HF group: 45% kcal from lipids) or very high-fat (VHF group: 60% kcal from lipids) diet with a fructose drink (10% fructose) for hydration. Normal rat chow that received the control diet (content 16.3% kcal from lipid-AIN93G) and water. The treatments were introduced soon after weaning and were administered for 70 days. We aimed to compare HF and VHF groups and find which acts as a better model mimicking human obesity. Body mass gain, final body weight, adipocyte area in inguinal depots, visceral and subcutaneous adipose depots, serum triacylglycerol, and VLDL-c were all higher in the HF group, followed by the VHF group, compared to the C group. Only the HF group showed hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia and higher total caloric intake, Lee index, HOMA2-IR, and total cholesterol. Serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were lower in the HF and VHF groups than in the C group at the end for 70 days. In Summary, the HF (45%) diet administered with fructose induced a higher similarity of metabolic and hormonal alterations associated with human obesity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: High intake of lipids with sugary drinks has been associated with obesity and its comorbidities. Although a diet with 45% or 60% of lipids is considered hyperlipidic, they are different in their effects on eating behavior and also probably from a metabolic point of view. Common sense is that the reduction in intake of lipids is favorable to health. Our study shows that this is not wholly true, and this information contributes to the guidelines for the treatment of obesity. In addition, the scientific literature on the subject has shown the most diverse results and also the use of experimental models with few similarities with human obesity. Our findings can contribute as a good model of obesity initiated during childhood to investigate possible using nutritional strategies, or the adoption of ergogenic nutritional resources in future studies, for example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago da Rosa Lima
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil.,Department of Health Sciences and Nutrition, Academic Center of Varzea Grande, Várzea Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paula Caroline de Almeida
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Eudes Thiago Pereira Ávila
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amílcar Sabino Damazo
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - James Wilfred Navalta
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Carlos Alexandre Fett
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
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Huang Y, Wu K, Li H, Zhou J, Xiong D, Huang X, Li J, Liu Y, Pan Z, Mitchell DT, Wu F, Zhang XY. Homocysteine level, body mass index and clinical correlates in Chinese Han patients with schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16119. [PMID: 32999343 PMCID: PMC7527556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72934-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is common comorbidity in patients with schizophrenia. Previous studies have reported that homocysteine (Hcy) is increased in schizophrenia. However, no study has reported the association between BMI and Hcy levels in schizophrenia. This cross-sectional naturalistic study aimed to evaluate the relationship between BMI, Hcy and clinical symptoms in Chinese Han patients with chronic schizophrenia. Clinical and anthropometric data as well as plasma Hcy level and glycolipid parameters were collected. Psychopathology was measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Our results showed that compared with the low BMI group, the high BMI group had a higher PANSS general psychopathology subscore, higher levels of blood glucose, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (all p < 0.05). Hcy levels were negatively associated with BMI in patients (p < 0.001). Hcy level, the PANSS general psychopathology subscale, total cholesterol and education (all p < 0.05) were the influencing factors of high BMI. Our study suggest that Hcy level may be associated with BMI in patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, patients with high BMI show more severe clinical symptoms and higher glucose and lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), 36 Mingxin Rd, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology(SCUT), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Diagnosis and Rehabilitation of Dementia, Guangzhou, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hehua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), 36 Mingxin Rd, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology(SCUT), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Xiong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology(SCUT), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology(SCUT), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology(SCUT), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology(SCUT), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhilin Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology(SCUT), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - David T Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center At Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), 36 Mingxin Rd, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China. .,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), 36 Mingxin Rd, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510370, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Samie KA, Tabandeh MR, Afrough M. Betaine ameliorates impaired steroidogenesis and apoptosis in mice granulosa cells induced by high glucose concentration. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2020; 66:400-409. [PMID: 32981384 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2020.1811423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Betaine is a bioactive peptide whose beneficial effects on diabetes complications have been considered, previously. The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of betaine against hyperglycemia-induced steroidogenesis impairment and apoptosis in mice granulosa cells. Ovarian granulosa cells were isolated from C57/BL6 mice and cultured in steroidogenesis medium (SM) containing 30 ng/ml FSH and 0.5 µM testosterone. The cells were cultured in SM containing low (5 mM) or high (30 mM) glucose concentrations for 24 h in the presence or absence of betaine (5 mM). At the end of the experiment, estradiol and progesterone were measured by ELISA in the culture medium. Expression of apoptosis and steroidogenesis associated genes and caspase-3 activity were determined by qRT-PCR and colorimetric assays, respectively. Exposure of mice granulosa cells to high glucose concentration inhibited the steroidogenesis by decreasing estradiol and progesterone secretion and downregulation of steroidogenesis-related genes including 3βHSD, Cyp11a1, Cyp19a1, and StAR. Betaine treatment could ameliorate the steroidogenesis impairment at molecular and biochemical levels. High glucose concentration also enhanced apoptosis in mice granulosa cells that were characterized by elevation of caspase-3 activity, upregulation of bax gene and downregulation of bcl2 gene. Betaine treatment could attenuate the apoptotic-related changes induced by high glucose concentration in granulosa cells. According to the results of the present study, betaine could ameliorate the adverse effects of hyperglycemia on the physiological function of ovarian granulosa cells. The results highlight the potential role of betaine for the intervention of ovarian dysfunction in diabetic patients. Abbreviations: AABA: Betaine-α-aminobutyric acid; AGEs: Advanced glycation end products; bax: bcl2 Associated X; bcl2: B-cell lymphoma 2; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; BHMT: Betaine homocysteine methyltransferase; C/EBP: CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins; Cyp11a1: Cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450; Cyp19a1: Cytochrome P450 aromatase; DM: Diabetes mellitus; E2: Estradiol; ERS: Endoplasmic reticulum stress; GCs: Granulosa cells; GLUT: Glucose transporter; FSH: Follicle-stimulating hormone; 3βHSD: 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; IL-1β: interleukin-1ß; LH: Luteinizing hormone; MDCK: Madin-Darby Canine Kidney cell; MT: Methionine synthase, MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; NLRP3: NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3; NF-κB: Nuclear factor κB; P4: Progesterone; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SGLT: Sodium dependent glucose transporter; SLC7A6: Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 6; StAR: Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; STZ: Streptozotocin; Tumor necrosis factor α: TNF-α; TXNIP: Thioredoxin interacting protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Abbasi Samie
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Afrough
- Reproductive Biology Research Group, Infertility Research and Treatment Center of Khuzestan, ACECR , Ahvaz, Iran
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Baddela VS, Sharma A, Vanselow J. Non-esterified fatty acids in the ovary: friends or foes? Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:60. [PMID: 32505200 PMCID: PMC7275390 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A majority of common metabolic diseases can result in excessive lipolysis, leading to elevated levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) in the body fluids. In females, increased NEFA levels in the follicular fluid markedly alter the functions of intrafollicular cells such as granulosa cells (GCs) and oocytes. Therefore, elevated levels of NEFAs have been suggested to be a significant player of subfertility in females of both human and economically important animal species such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, pig, chicken, and dog. However, the effects imposed by saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (SFAs and UFAs) on ovarian follicles are controversial. The present review emphasizes that SFAs induce apoptosis in granulosa and cumulus cells of ovarian follicles in different species. They further could adversely affect oocyte maturation and developmental competence. Many types of UFAs affect steroidogenesis and proliferation processes and could be detrimental for follicular cells, especially when at elevated concentrations. Interestingly, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) appear to contribute to the etiology of the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) as they were found to induce the transcription and translation of the androgenic transcription factor SOX9 while downregulating its estrogenic counterpart FOXL2 in GCs. Overall, this review presents our revised understanding of the effects of different fatty acids on the female reproductive success, which may allow other researchers and clinicians to investigate the mechanisms for treating metabolic stress-induced female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Simha Baddela
- grid.418188.c0000 0000 9049 5051Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Arpna Sharma
- grid.418188.c0000 0000 9049 5051Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Jens Vanselow
- grid.418188.c0000 0000 9049 5051Institute of Reproductive Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
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Yakaiah V, Dakshinamoorthi A, Kavimani S. Effect of Myristica fragrans extract on total body composition in cafeteria diet induced obese rats. Bioinformation 2019; 15:657-665. [PMID: 31787815 PMCID: PMC6859705 DOI: 10.6026/97320630015657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of interest to evaluate the effect of Myristica fragrans on body composition of cafeteria diet induced obese rats. Thirty rats (150-160g) grouped into 5 and each group contains 6 rats. Group-1 was normal control and 2-5 groups were fed with cafeteria diet for 15 weeks to induce obesity. From 16th week to 25th week test drugs were given as mentioned in the experimental protocol. Body weight, BMI, changes in body composition was measured by TOBEC, adipose tissue weights, organ weights, abdominal circumference were measured according to standard methods. After 70days of treatment with MFE 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg Body weight reduced by 9.29%, 12.87% respectively. BMI was also decreased. Abdominal circumference, total fat percentage, organ weights, was substantially reduced. At 400mg/kg of MFE has shown maximum potentiality when compared with 200mg/kg. Orlistat 50mg was used as standard drug. Tetrahydrofuran, flavonoids, saponins, present in Myristica fragrans has shown anti obesity activity. Our findings explain the potentiality of phytochemicals as a potent anti obesity agent, provide scientific evidence for its traditional use and suggest the possible mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Subramanian Kavimani
- Mother Theresa Post Graduate and Research Institute of Health Sciences, Pondicherry
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