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Vera Castro MF, Assmann CE, Reichert KP, Coppetti PM, Stefanello N, da Silva AD, Mostardeiro VB, de Jesus LB, da Silveira MV, Schirmann AA, Fracasso M, Maciel RM, Morsch VMM, Schetinger MRC. Vitamin D3 mitigates type 2 diabetes induced by a high carbohydrate-high fat diet in rats: Role of the purinergic system. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 127:109602. [PMID: 38373509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of vitamin D3 (VIT D3) supplementation on the enzymatic activities and density of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase), ecto-5-nucleotidase (E-5'-NT), adenosine deaminase (ADA), as well as the density of P2 × 7R, P2Y12R, A1R, A2AR receptors, IL-1β, and oxidative parameters in type 2 diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar rats were fed a high carbohydrate-high fat diet (HCHFD) and received an intraperitoneal injection containing a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg). Animals were divided into four groups: 1) control; 2) control/VIT D3 12 µg/kg; 3) diabetic; and 4) diabetic/VIT D3 12 µg/kg. Results show that VIT D3 reduced blood glucose, ATP hydrolysis, ADA activity, P2Y12R density (platelets), as well as ATP, ADP, and AMP hydrolysis and ADA activity (synaptosomes). Moreover, VIT D3 increased insulin levels and AMP hydrolysis (platelets) and improved antioxidant defense. Therefore, we suggest that VIT D3 treatment modulates hyperglycemia-induced changes via purinergic enzymes and receptor expression, consequently attenuating insulin homeostasis dysregulation in the diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Fanny Vera Castro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Paula Reichert
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Priscila Marquezan Coppetti
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Naiara Stefanello
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aniélen Dutra da Silva
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor Bastianello Mostardeiro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Loren Borba de Jesus
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcylene Vieira da Silveira
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriel Antonio Schirmann
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mateus Fracasso
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberto Marinho Maciel
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Melchiors Morsch
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Toxicological Biochemistry, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, University Campus, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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He J, He Z, Wang H, Zhang C, Pei T, Yan S, Yan Y, Wang F, Chen Y, Yuan N, Wang M, Xiao W. Caffeic acid alleviates skeletal muscle atrophy in 5/6 nephrectomy rats through the TLR4/MYD88/NF-kB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116556. [PMID: 38636398 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that affects the quality of life and prognosis of patients. We aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of caffeic acid (CA), a natural phenolic compound, on skeletal muscle atrophy in CKD rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 5/6 nephrectomy (NPM) and were treated with CA (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks. The body and muscle weights, renal function, hemoglobin, and albumin were measured. The histological, molecular, and biochemical changes in skeletal muscles were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining, quantitative real-time PCR, malondialdehyde/catalase/superoxide dismutase/glutathione level detection, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blotting and network pharmacology were applied to identify the potential targets and pathways of CA, CKD, and muscle atrophy. The results showed that CA significantly improved NPM-induced muscle-catabolic effects, reduced the expression of muscle atrophy-related proteins (muscle atrophy F-box and muscle RING finger 1) and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-1β), and attenuated muscle oxidative stress. Network pharmacology revealed that CA modulated the response to oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) was a key target. In vivo experiment confirmed that CA inhibited the TLR4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88)/NF-kB signaling pathway, reduced muscle iron levels, and restored glutathione peroxidase 4 activity, thereby alleviating ferroptosis and inflammation in skeletal muscles. Thus, CA might be a promising therapeutic agent for preventing and treating skeletal muscle atrophy in CKD by modulating the TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB pathway and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue He
- School of traditional Chinese medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhuoen He
- School of traditional Chinese medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of traditional Chinese medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of traditional Chinese medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Tingting Pei
- School of traditional Chinese medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Shihua Yan
- School of traditional Chinese medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yangtian Yan
- School of traditional Chinese medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Fujing Wang
- School of traditional Chinese medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yuchi Chen
- School of traditional Chinese medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ningning Yuan
- School of traditional Chinese medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Mingqing Wang
- School of traditional Chinese medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- School of traditional Chinese medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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Domínguez-López I, López-Yerena A, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Pallàs M, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Pérez M. From the gut to the brain: the long journey of phenolic compounds with neurocognitive effects. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae034. [PMID: 38687609 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is a complex community of micro-organisms that play a crucial role in maintaining overall health. Recent research has shown that gut microbes also have a profound impact on brain function and cognition, leading to the concept of the gut-brain axis. One way in which the gut microbiota can influence the brain is through the bioconversion of polyphenols to other bioactive molecules. Phenolic compounds are a group of natural plant metabolites widely available in the human diet, which have anti-inflammatory and other positive effects on health. Recent studies have also suggested that some gut microbiota-derived phenolic metabolites may have neurocognitive effects, such as improving memory and cognitive function. The specific mechanisms involved are still being studied, but it is believed that phenolic metabolites may modulate neurotransmitter signaling, reduce inflammation, and enhance neural plasticity. Therefore, to exert a protective effect on neurocognition, dietary polyphenols or their metabolites must reach the brain, or act indirectly by producing an increase in bioactive molecules such as neurotransmitters. Once ingested, phenolic compounds are subjected to various processes (eg, metabolization by gut microbiota, absorption, distribution) before they cross the blood-brain barrier, perhaps the most challenging stage of their trajectory. Understanding the role of phenolic compounds in the gut-brain axis has important implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies for neurological and psychiatric disorders. By targeting the gut microbiota and its production of phenolic metabolites, it may be possible to improve brain function and prevent cognitive decline. In this article, the current state of knowledge on the endogenous generation of phenolic metabolites by the gut microbiota and how these compounds can reach the brain and exert neurocognitive effects was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Domínguez-López
- Polyphenol Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anallely López-Yerena
- Polyphenol Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Polyphenol Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section and Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Polyphenol Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Pérez
- Polyphenol Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Sirichoat A, Dornlakorn O, Saenno R, Aranarochana A, Sritawan N, Pannangrong W, Wigmore P, Welbat JU. Caffeic acid protects against l-methionine induced reduction in neurogenesis and cognitive impairment in a rat model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26919. [PMID: 38455532 PMCID: PMC10918208 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
l-methionine (L-met) is a substantial non-polar amino acid for normal development. L-met is converted to homocysteine that leads to hyperhomocysteinemia and subsequent excessive homocysteine in serum resulting in stimulating oxidative stress and vascular dementia. Several studies have found that hyperhomocysteine causes neuronal cell damage, which leads to memory impairment. Caffeic acid is a substrate in phenolic compound discovered in plant biosynthesis. Caffeic acid contains biological antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The neuroprotective reaction of caffeic acid can protect against the brain disruption from hydrogen peroxide produced by oxidative stress. It also enhances GSH and superoxide dismutase activities, which protect against neuron cell loss caused by oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Hence, we investigated the protective role of caffeic acid in hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive impairment induced by L-met in rats. Six groups of Sprague Dawley rats were assigned including control, L-met (1.7 g/kg/day), caffeic acid (20, 40 mg/kg), and L-met + caffeic acid (20, 40 mg/kg) groups. Spatial and recognition memories were subsequently examined using novel object location (NOL) and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. Moreover, the immunofluorescence technique was performed to detect Ki-67/RECA-1, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/NeuN and p21 markers to represent hippocampal neurogenesis changes. The results revealed decreases in vasculature related cell proliferation and neuronal cell survival. By contrast, cell cycle arrest was increased in the L-met group. These results showed the association of the spatial and recognition memory impairments. However, the deterioration can be restored by co-administration with caffeic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apiwat Sirichoat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Neurogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Oabnithi Dornlakorn
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Neurogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Rasa Saenno
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Neurogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Anusara Aranarochana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Neurogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Nataya Sritawan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Neurogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Wanassanun Pannangrong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Peter Wigmore
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jariya Umka Welbat
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Neurogenesis Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Pereira ADS, Bottari NB, Nauderer JN, Assmann CE, Copetti PM, Reichert KP, Mostardeiro VB, da Silveira MV, Morsch VMM, Schetinger MRC. Purinergic signaling influences the neuroinflammatory outcomes of a testosterone-derived synthetic in female rats: Resistance training protective effects on brain health. Steroids 2024; 203:109352. [PMID: 38128896 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise is recognized as a non-pharmacological approach to treat and protect against several neuroinflammatory conditions and thus to prevent brain disorders. However, the interest in ergogenic resources by athletes and bodybuilding practitioners is widespread and on the rise. These substances shorten the process of performance gain and improve aesthetics, having led to the prominent use and abuse of hormones in the past years. Recent evidence has shown that the purinergic system, composed of adenine nucleotides, nucleosides, enzymes, and receptors, participates in a wide range of processes within the brain, such as neuroinflammation, neuromodulation, and cellular communication. Here, we investigated the effects of the anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) testosterone (TES) at a dose of 70 mg/kg/week in female rats and the neuroprotective effect of resistance exercise related to the purinergic system and oxidative stress parameters. Our findings showed a decrease in ATP and ADO hydrolysis in treated and trained animals. Furthermore, there was an increase in the density of purinoceptors (P2X7 and A2A) and inflammatory markers (IBA-1, NRLP3, CASP-1, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the cerebral cortex of animals that received AAS. On the other hand, exercise reversed neuroinflammatory parameters such as IBA-1, NLRP3, CASP-1, and IL-1β and improved antioxidant response and anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine levels. Overall, this study shows that the use of TES without indication or prescription disrupts brain homeostasis, as demonstrated by the increase in neuroinflammation, and that the practice of exercise can protect brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline da Silva Pereira
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Nathieli Bianchin Bottari
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Jelson Norberto Nauderer
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Priscila Marquezan Copetti
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Paula Reichert
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor Bastianello Mostardeiro
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcylene Vieira da Silveira
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera Maria Melchiors Morsch
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Thongsopha C, Chaiwut T, Thaweekhotr P, Sudwan P, Phasukdee N, Quiggins R. Aegle marmelos (L.) Leaf Extract Improves Symptoms of Memory Loss Induced by Scopolamine in Rats. Foods 2024; 13:627. [PMID: 38397604 PMCID: PMC10888157 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that results in memory impairment. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa (AM) is used as a traditional medicine. AM leaves have the potential to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity. This study used scopolamine to induce AD in rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AM leaf extract using this model. Motor and memory functions were tested by the motor activity and Morris water maze (MWM) tests, respectively. The density of the synaptophysin and dendritic spines in the CA1 were detected by immunofluorescence and Golgi impregnation, respectively. The hippocampal histology was reviewed by H&E staining. After the treatment, the latency times in the MWM tests of the AD groups reduced, while the motor activities showed no difference. The density of the synaptophysin of the AD groups increased after the treatments, and that of the dendritic spines also increased in all AD groups post-treatment. The hippocampal tissue also recovered. AM leaf extract can improve cognitive impairment in AD models by maintaining the presynaptic vesicle proteins and dendritic spines in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanida Thongsopha
- The Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.T.); (P.S.); (N.P.)
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thanasit Chaiwut
- The Department of General Education, Kanchanabhishek Institute of medical and Public Health Technology, Nonthaburi 11150, Thailand;
| | - Pornnarez Thaweekhotr
- The School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Paiwan Sudwan
- The Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.T.); (P.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Noppadol Phasukdee
- The Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.T.); (P.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Ranida Quiggins
- The Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.T.); (P.S.); (N.P.)
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Altemimi AB, Al‐haliem SM, Alkanan ZT, Mohammed MJ, Hesarinejad MA, Najm MAA, Bouymajane A, Cacciola F, Abedelmaksoud TG. Exploring the phenolic profile, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of walnut leaves ( Juglans regia L.). Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6845-6853. [PMID: 37970415 PMCID: PMC10630819 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify phenolic compounds in walnut leaves from northern Iraq and evaluate their ability to act as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. Phenolic compounds were determined by reversed-phase HPLC. Antibacterial activity was tested against various bacteria. Antioxidant properties were evaluated by various assays, including reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The HPLC profiles of walnut leaf fractions revealed quercetin, hydroquinone, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and caffeic acid in three fractions. The inhibitory activity of DPPH was determined as 47.66, 32.41, and 51.90 μg/mL for fractions I, II, and III, respectively. For ferric reducing power activity, fraction II > fraction III > fraction I and the FRAP activity was observed as 64.43, 73.19, and 68.18 μg/mL for fractions I, II, and III, respectively. All extracted fractions had antibacterial properties against all bacterial strains tested. Observations showed that fraction I was able to produce similar zones of inhibition as streptomycin in most cases. These results suggest that the fractions of this plant extract are plausible natural antioxidants that could be used as prime candidates for the synthesis of antioxidant drugs that can be used for the treatment of many oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar B. Altemimi
- Department of Food Science, College of AgricultureUniversity of BasrahBasrahIraq
| | - Siba Mouid Al‐haliem
- Department of Dental Basic Sciences, College of DentistryUniversity of MosulMosulIraq
| | - Zina T. Alkanan
- Department of Food Science, College of AgricultureUniversity of BasrahBasrahIraq
| | - Muthanna J. Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure SciencesUniversity of MosulMosulIraq
| | | | - Mazin A. A. Najm
- Pharmaceutical chemistry department, College of PharmacyAl‐Ayen UniversityThi‐QarIraq
| | - Aziz Bouymajane
- Team of Microbiology and Health, Laboratory of Chemistry‐Biology Applied to the Environment, Faculty of SciencesMoulay Ismail UniversityMeknesMorocco
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging SciencesUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
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Wen X, Wan F, Wu Y, Liu L, Liu Y, Zhong R, Chen L, Zhang H. Caffeic acid supplementation ameliorates intestinal injury by modulating intestinal microbiota in LPS-challenged piglets. Food Funct 2023; 14:7705-7717. [PMID: 37547959 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02286b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
During weaning, piglets are susceptible to intestinal injuries caused by a range of infections, which result in serious economic losses for pig producers. Caffeic acid (CA) is a plant-derived phenolic acid that exhibits potential as a dietary supplement for enhancing intestinal health. There is, however, limited information available about the potential benefits of CA supplementation on intestinal injury and growth performance in piglets. A 28-day study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of CA supplementation in protecting against intestinal injury induced by intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in piglets. Twenty-four piglets (7.43 ± 0.79 kg body weight; Duroc × Landrace × Large White; barrows) were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group, the LPS group, the LPS + CA group, and the CA group. Piglets were administered with LPS or saline on d21 and d28 of the experiment. Supplementation with CA improved intestinal barrier function in LPS-challenged piglets by enhancing intestinal morphology and integrity, as well as increasing the expression of Claudin-1 and ZO-1. Meanwhile, CA supplementation improved the systemic and colonic inflammation responses, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced by LPS. CA supplementation improved the alpha diversity and structure of the intestinal microbiota by increasing the abundance of beneficial microbiota. Additionally, it was found that it improves metabolic disorders of colonic bile acids (BAs) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in LPS-challenged piglets, including an increase in primary BAs and isovalerate. In conclusion, CA supplementation could enhance intestinal integrity and barrier function by modifying intestinal microbiota and its metabolites, which could lead to a reduction in inflammatory responses and oxidative stress and ultimately enhanced growth performance in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Fan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - You Wu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yueping Liu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Fernandes MYD, Lopes JP, Silva HB, Andrade GM, Cunha RA, Tomé AR. Caffeic acid recovers ischemia-induced synaptic dysfunction without direct effects on excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity in mouse hippocampal slices. Neurosci Lett 2023; 808:137292. [PMID: 37156440 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Caffeic acid is a polyphenolic compound present in a vast array of dietary components. We previously showed that caffeic acid reduces the burden of brain ischemia joining evidence by others that it can attenuate different brain diseases. However, it is unknown if caffeic acid affects information processing in neuronal networks. Thus, we now used electrophysiological recordings in mouse hippocampal slices to test if caffeic acid directly affected synaptic transmission, plasticity and dysfunction caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), an in vitro ischemia model. Caffeic acid (1-10 μM) was devoid of effect on synaptic transmission and paired-pulse facilitation in Schaffer collaterals-CA1 pyramidal synapses. Also, the magnitude of either hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) or the subsequent depotentiation were not significantly modified by 10 μM caffeic acid. However, caffeic acid (10 μM) increased the recovery of synaptic transmission upon re-oxygenation following 7 minutes of OGD. Furthermore, caffeic acid (10 μM) also recovered plasticity after OGD, as heralded by the increased magnitude of LTP after exposure. These findings show that caffeic acid does not directly affect synaptic transmission and plasticity but can indirectly affect other cellular targets to correct synaptic dysfunction. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of action of caffeic acid may allow the design of hitherto unrecognized novel neuroprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Yone D Fernandes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique B Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Geanne M Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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