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Vilela WR, Ramalho LS, Bechara LRG, Cabral-Costa JV, Serna JDC, Kowaltowski AJ, Xavier GF, Ferreira JCB, de Bem AF. Metabolic dysfunction induced by HFD + L-NAME preferentially affects hippocampal mitochondria, impacting spatial memory in rats. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2024; 56:87-99. [PMID: 38374292 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-024-10005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
High-fat diet-induced metabolic changes are not restricted to the onset of cardiovascular diseases, but also include effects on brain functions related to learning and memory. This study aimed to evaluate mitochondrial markers and function, as well as cognitive function, in a rat model of metabolic dysfunction. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were subjected to either a control diet or a two-hit protocol combining a high fat diet (HFD) with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME in the drinking water. HFD plus L-NAME induced obesity, hypertension, and increased serum cholesterol. These rats exhibited bioenergetic dysfunction in the hippocampus, characterized by decreased oxygen (O2) consumption related to ATP production, with no changes in H2O2 production. Furthermore, OPA1 protein expression was upregulated in the hippocampus of HFD + L-NAME rats, with no alterations in other morphology-related proteins. Consistently, HFD + L-NAME rats showed disruption of performance in the Morris Water Maze Reference Memory test. The neocortex did not exhibit either bioenergetic changes or alterations in H2O2 production. Calcium uptake rate and retention capacity in the neocortex of HFD + L-NAME rats were not altered. Our results indicate that hippocampal mitochondrial bioenergetic function is disturbed in rats exposed to a HFD plus L-NAME, thus disrupting spatial learning, whereas neocortical function remains unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wembley R Vilela
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, 22362, Sweden
| | - Lisley S Ramalho
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz R G Bechara
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - João V Cabral-Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Julian D C Serna
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Gilberto F Xavier
- Department of Physiology, Biosciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508- 090, Brazil
| | - Julio C B Ferreira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Andreza Fabro de Bem
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
- Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, 581 85, Sweden.
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Zhang Y, Luo C, Huang P, Cheng Y, Ma Y, Gao J, Ding H. Diosmetin Ameliorates HFD-induced Cognitive Impairments via Inhibiting Metabolic Disorders, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Male SD Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04083-x. [PMID: 38460078 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Currently, accumulating evidence has indicated that overnutrition-associated obesity may result in not only metabolic dysregulations, but also cognitive impairments. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Diosmetin, a bioflavonoid compound with multiple biological functions, on cognitive deficits induced by a high fat diet (HFD) and the potential mechanisms. In the present study, oral administration of Diosmetin (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) for 12 weeks significantly reduced the body weight, restored glucose tolerance and normalized lipid profiles in the serum and liver in HFD-induced obese rats. Diosmetin also significantly ameliorated depression-like behaviors and impaired spatial memory in multiple behavioral tests, including the open field test, elevated plus-maze and Morris water maze, which was in accordance with the decreased pathological changes and neuronal damage in different regions of hippocampus as suggested by H&E and Nissl staining. Notably, our results also indicated that Diosmetin could significantly improve mitochondrial dysfunction induced by HFD through upregulating genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, increasing mitochondrial ATP levels and inhibiting oxidative stress. Moreover, the levels of key enzymes involved in the TCA cycle were also significantly increased upon Diosmetin treatment. Meanwhile, Diosmetin inhibited HFD-induced microglial overactivation and down-regulated inflammatory cytokines both in the serum and hippocampus. In conclusion, these results indicated that Diosmetin might be a novel nutritional intervention to prevent the occurrence and development of obesity-associated cognitive dysfunction via metabolic regulation and anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, 430000, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyun Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, 430000, Wuhan, China
| | - Puxin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, 430000, Wuhan, China
| | - Yahong Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, 430000, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufang Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, 430000, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiefang Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, 430000, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, 430000, Wuhan, China.
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Ramírez-Cruz A, Gómez-González B, Baiza-Gutman LA, Manuel-Apolinar L, Ángeles-Mejía S, López-Cervantes SP, Ortega-Camarillo C, Cruz-López M, Gómez-Olivares JL, Díaz-Flores M. Nicotinamide, an acetylcholinesterase uncompetitive inhibitor, protects the blood‒brain barrier and improves cognitive function in rats fed a hypercaloric diet. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176068. [PMID: 37775016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation induced by abundant consumption of high-energy foods and caloric overload are implicated in the dysfunction of the blood‒brain barrier (BBB), cognitive impairment, and overactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). These enzymes hydrolyse acetylcholine, affecting anti-inflammatory cholinergic signalling. Our aim was to evaluate whether nicotinamide (NAM) attenuates the impairment of the BBB and cognitive function, improving cholinergic signalling. Forty male rats were distributed into five groups: one group was fed a standard diet, and the remaining groups were fed a high-fat diet and a beverage with 40% sucrose (HFS; high-fat sucrose). In three of the HFS groups, the carbohydrate was replaced by drinking water containing different concentrations of NAM for 5 h every morning for 12 weeks. The biochemical profile, levels of stress and inflammation markers, cholinesterase activities, BBB permeability, and cognitive capacity were evaluated. The results showed that the HFS diet disturbed the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, causing insulin resistance. Simultaneously, AChE and BChE activities, levels of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidation of proteins and lipoperoxidation increased along with decreased antioxidant capacity in serum. In the hippocampus, increased activity of cholinesterases, protein carbonylation and lipoperoxidation were associated with decreased antioxidant capacity. Systemic and hippocampal changes were reflected in increased BBB permeability and cognitive impairment. In contrast, NAM attenuated the above changes by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation through decreasing cholinesterase activities, especially by uncompetitive inhibition. NAM may be a potential systemic and neuroprotective agent to mitigate cognitive damage due to hypercaloric diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramírez-Cruz
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - B Gómez-González
- Departamento de Biología de La Reproducción, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - L A Baiza-Gutman
- Laboratorio de Biología Del Desarrollo, Unidad de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - L Manuel-Apolinar
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - S Ángeles-Mejía
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - S P López-Cervantes
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - C Ortega-Camarillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - M Cruz-López
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - J L Gómez-Olivares
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - M Díaz-Flores
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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