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The New Era of Salivaomics in Dentistry: Frontiers and Facts in the Early Diagnosis and Prevention of Oral Diseases and Cancer. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070638. [PMID: 35888762 PMCID: PMC9319392 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, with the development of new and highly sensitive, blood is not the only medium of choice for the diagnosis of several diseases and pathological conditions. Saliva is now considered a safe and non-invasive sample to study oral and systemic diseases, showing great diagnostic potential. According to several recent studies, saliva has emerged as an emerging biofluid for the early diagnosis of several diseases, indicated as a mirror of oral and systemic health and a valuable source of clinically relevant information. Indeed, several studies have observed that saliva is useful for detecting and diagnosing malignant tumours, human immunodeficiency virus, heart disease, and autoimmune diseases. The growing realisation that saliva is an inexhaustible source of information has led to the coining of the term ‘Salivaomics’, which includes five “omics” in connection with the main constituents of saliva: genome and epigenome, transcriptomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, proteomics and microbiota. All those may be changed by disease state, so they offer significant advantages in the early diagnosis and prognosis of oral diseases. The aim of the present review isto update and highlight the new frontiers of salivaomics in diagnosing and managing oral disorders, such as periodontitis, premalignant disorders, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
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Hiyoshi T, Domon H, Maekawa T, Tamura H, Isono T, Hirayama S, Sasagawa K, Takizawa F, Tabeta K, Terao Y. Neutrophil elastase aggravates periodontitis by disrupting gingival epithelial barrier via cleaving cell adhesion molecules. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8159. [PMID: 35581391 PMCID: PMC9114116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase (NE) functions as a host defense factor; however, excessive NE activity can potentially destroy human tissues. Although NE activity is positively correlated to gingival crevicular fluid and clinical attachment loss in periodontitis, the underlying mechanisms by which NE aggravates periodontitis remain elusive. In this study, we investigated how NE induces periodontitis severity and whether NE inhibitors were efficacious in periodontitis treatment. In a ligature-induced murine model of periodontitis, neutrophil recruitment, NE activity, and periodontal bone loss were increased in the periodontal tissue. Local administration of an NE inhibitor significantly decreased NE activity in periodontal tissue and attenuated periodontal bone loss. Furthermore, the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines in the gingiva, which was significantly upregulated in the model of periodontitis, was significantly downregulated by NE inhibitor injection. An in vitro study demonstrated that NE cleaved cell adhesion molecules, such as desmoglein 1, occludin, and E-cadherin, and induced exfoliation of the epithelial keratinous layer in three-dimensional human oral epithelial tissue models. The permeability of fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate-dextran or periodontal pathogen was significantly increased by NE treatment in the human gingival epithelial monolayer. These findings suggest that NE induces the disruption of the gingival epithelial barrier and bacterial invasion in periodontal tissues, aggravating periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Hiyoshi
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.,Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoki Maekawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hikaru Tamura
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshihito Isono
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Satoru Hirayama
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Karin Sasagawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fumio Takizawa
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.,Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan. .,Center for Advanced Oral Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
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Silva DNDA, Monajemzadeh S, Pirih FQ. Systems Biology in Periodontitis. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.853133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems biology is a promising scientific discipline that allows an integrated investigation of host factors, microbial composition, biomarkers, immune response and inflammatory mediators in many conditions such as chronic diseases, cancer, neurological disorders, and periodontitis. This concept utilizes genetic decoding, bioinformatic, flux-balance analysis in a comprehensive approach. The aim of this review is to better understand the current literature on systems biology and identify a clear applicability of it to periodontitis. We will mostly focus on the association between this condition and topics such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, as well as contextualize delivery systems for periodontitis treatment, biomarker detection in oral fluids and associated systemic conditions.
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Mirmohammadsadegh N, Mashreghi N, Amin M. Potential Treponema denticola-based periodontal vaccine to resolve a global public health challenge: a narrative literature review. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:621-632. [PMID: 35195497 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2044798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periodontitis is a diseased condition of the gum which imposes considerable costs on healthcare systems. It progresses further beyond the inflammation of supportive tissues of the teeth, and the collateral damages are closely associated with Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus. AREAS COVERED A comprehensive literature review was performed to summarize published studies in English during the period of 1990-2021 to discuss the rationales for developing periodontal vaccine, cost-effectiveness analyses on the prevention of periodontitis, Treponema denticola-based vaccine candidates, as well as immunological mechanisms in animal models. EXPERT OPINION Preventive strategies against periodontitis may halt the onset of gum inflammation itself and the consequent chronic diseases. Considering the multi-microbial condition of periodontitis, an ideal periodontal vaccine should target multiple pathological pathways. Preventive approaches compared to surgical treatments evidently have significant impact on the healthcare budget and long-term health of the individuals in different communities. Despite many advances in periodontal vaccine research, there are still significant hurdles to overcome in developing a vaccine. Investment in research and development activities on key periodontal pathogens including Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis in the foreseeable future is a worthy and cost-effective approach for the policymakers to prevent deleterious impacts of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Mirmohammadsadegh
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Microbiology Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neshaut Mashreghi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Microbiology Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amin
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Microbiology Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chang KH, Hsu YC, Chiu IM, Chen LC, Hsu CC, Lee CY, Fan HC, Chen HJ, Chou RH. Association between periodontitis and bipolar disorder: A nationwide cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e21423. [PMID: 32756145 PMCID: PMC7402799 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether periodontitis is a risk factor for developing bipolar disorders (BD) has not been investigated. We aimed to determine whether periodontitis is associated with the subsequent development of BD and examine the risk factors for BD among patients with periodontitis.Using ambulatory and inpatient claims data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), we identified 12,337 patients who were aged at least 20 years and newly diagnosed with periodontitis between 2000 and 2004. The date of the first claim with a periodontitis diagnosis was set as the index date. For each patient with periodontitis, 4 subjects without a history of periodontitis were randomly selected from the NHIRD and frequency-matched with the patients with periodontitis according to sex, age (in 5-year bands), and index year.The periodontitis group had a mean age of 44.0 ± 13.7 years and slight predominance of men (51.3%). Compared with the subjects without periodontitis, the patients with periodontitis had higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, head injury, major depressive disorder, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma (P < .001). The incidence rate of BD was higher in the periodontitis group than in the non-periodontitis group (2.74 vs 1.46 per 1000 person-year), with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.82 (95% confidence interval = 1.59-2.08) after adjustment for sex, age, and comorbidities.The patients with periodontitis exhibited a significantly higher risk of developing BD. Keep the better oral hygiene to reduce periodontitis might be a preventive strategy for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Hsi Chang
- Department of Medical Research
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University
- General Education Center
| | | | - Ing-Ming Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes
| | - Lih-Chyang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City
| | - Chih-Chao Hsu
- Division of Psychiatry, Taitung Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taitung
| | - Chang-Yin Lee
- College of Medicine, The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University (Yancho Campus)
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-DA Hospital
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-DA Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung
| | - Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Medical Research
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli
| | | | - Ruey-Hwang Chou
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Llama‐Palacios A, Potupa O, Sánchez MC, Figuero E, Herrera D, Sanz M. Proteomic analysis ofFusobacterium nucleatumgrowth in biofilm versus planktonic state. Mol Oral Microbiol 2020; 35:168-180. [DOI: 10.1111/omi.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arancha Llama‐Palacios
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory at the Faculty of Odontology University Complutense Madrid Spain
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group University Complutense Madrid Spain
| | - Oksana Potupa
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory at the Faculty of Odontology University Complutense Madrid Spain
| | - María C. Sánchez
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory at the Faculty of Odontology University Complutense Madrid Spain
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group University Complutense Madrid Spain
| | - Elena Figuero
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group University Complutense Madrid Spain
| | - David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group University Complutense Madrid Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group University Complutense Madrid Spain
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Rizal MI, Soeroso Y, Sulijaya B, Assiddiq BF, Bachtiar EW, Bachtiar BM. Proteomics approach for biomarkers and diagnosis of periodontitis: systematic review. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04022. [PMID: 32529063 PMCID: PMC7276445 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative proteomic workflow based on mass spectrometry (MS) is recently developed by the researchers to screen for biomarkers in periodontal diseases comprising periodontitis. Periodontitis is known for chronic inflammatory disease characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus, yet has a lack of clear pathobiology based on a discrepancy between specified categories and diagnostic vagueness. The objective of this review was to outlined the accessible information related to proteomics studies on periodontitis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematical Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement guides to acquaint proteomic analysis on periodontal diseases was applied. Three databases were used in this study, such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect and Biomed Central from 2009 up to November 2019. Proteomics analysis platforms that used in the studies were outlined. Upregulated and downregulated proteins findings data were found, in which could be suitable as candidate biomarkers for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ihsan Rizal
- Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yuniarti Soeroso
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Benso Sulijaya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Endang W. Bachtiar
- Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Boy M. Bachtiar
- Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Nguyen T, Sedghi L, Ganther S, Malone E, Kamarajan P, Kapila YL. Host-microbe interactions: Profiles in the transcriptome, the proteome, and the metabolome. Periodontol 2000 2020; 82:115-128. [PMID: 31850641 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal studies using transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics encompass the collection of mRNA transcripts, proteins, and small-molecule chemicals in the context of periodontal health and disease. The number of studies using these approaches has significantly increased in the last decade and they have provided new insight into the pathogenesis and host-microbe interactions that define periodontal diseases. This review provides an overview of current molecular findings using -omic approaches that underlie periodontal disease, including modulation of the host immune response, tissue homeostasis, and complex metabolic processes of the host and the oral microbiome. Integration of these -omic approaches will broaden our perspective of the molecular mechanisms involved in periodontal disease, advancing and improving the diagnosis and treatment of various stages and forms of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Nguyen
- School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lea Sedghi
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sean Ganther
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Erin Malone
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pachiyappan Kamarajan
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yvonne L Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Katsani KR, Sakellari D. Saliva proteomics updates in biomedicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:17. [PMID: 31890650 PMCID: PMC6909541 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-019-0109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the years of personalized (or precision) medicine the 'omics' methodologies in biomedical sciences-genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics-are helping researchers to detect quantifiable biological characteristics, or biomarkers, that will best define the human physiology and pathologies. Proteomics use high throughput and high efficiency approaches with the support of bioinformatic tools in order to identify and quantify the total protein content of cells, tissues or biological fluids. Saliva receives a lot of attention as a rich biological specimen that offers a number of practical and physiological advantages over blood and other biological fluids in monitoring human health. The aim of this review is to present the latest advances in saliva proteomics for biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina R Katsani
- 1Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitra Sakellari
- 2Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Boia S, Boariu M, Baderca F, Rusu D, Muntean D, Horhat F, Boia ER, Borza C, Anghel A, Stratul ŞI. Clinical, microbiological and oxidative stress evaluation of periodontitis patients treated with two regimens of systemic antibiotics, adjunctive to non-surgical therapy: A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:5001-5015. [PMID: 31819766 PMCID: PMC6895779 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of research was to evaluate and compare the clinical and microbiological effects of two different regimens of amoxicillin (AMX) and metronidazole (MTZ) combined with non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), and identify antibiotic-resistant bacteria and changes in oxidative stress (OS). Forty-six patients with generalized CP were randomly assigned to group A [scaling and root planing within 24 h (SRP) + placebo for 7 days), group B [SRP + AMX + MTZ, both 500 mg three times daily (TID), 3 days), and group C [SRP + AMX + MTZ, both 500 mg TID, 7 days). Periodontal pocket depth (PPD-primary outcome), clinical attachment level (CAL), full-mouth bleeding scores (FMBS), plaque scores (FMPS), blood and subgingival plaque were assessed at baseline and after three months. OS was evaluated via derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and assessments of biological antioxidant potential (BAP). Bacterial profiling was performed by PCR. Antibiotic resistance was evaluated in cultures. PPD, CAL, number of sites with PPD ≥6 mm, their PPD, CAL and FMBS decreased (P<0.05) in all groups, as well as FMPS in groups A and B, and d-ROMs in group C. There were significant differences among groups regarding decreases in the frequency of detection for Aa and Tf. For Aa, there were differences between groups A and C (P=0.048) and between groups B and C (P=0.048), but not between groups A and B; whereas for Tf, groups A and B were different from group C (P<0.001), but not from each other (P=0.920). No resistance to AMX was identified prior to treatment; two strains were resistant after treatment. Before treatment, 13 strains were resistant to MTZ, and 2 were resistant after. One strain in the same patient was sensitive prior to treatment, and later became resistant to both antibiotics. SRP with a 7-day course of antibiotic therapy was more effective for improving clinical parameters, in decrease of detection of several periopathogens, and in improvement of OS when compared to a 3-day regimen. Resistance was found in fewer strains after treatment than before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simina Boia
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Victor Babeş' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Marius Boariu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Victor Babeş' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Flavia Baderca
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Victor Babeş' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Darian Rusu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Victor Babeş' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Delia Muntean
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Victor Babeş' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Florin Horhat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Victor Babeş' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Eugen-Radu Boia
- Department of ENT, Faculty of Medicine, 'Victor Babeş' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Claudia Borza
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Victor Babeş' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Andrei Anghel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, 'Victor Babeş' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
| | - Ştefan-Ioan Stratul
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 'Victor Babeş' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timişoara, Romania
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11
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Adeola HA, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Systems Biology Approaches and Precision Oral Health: A Circadian Clock Perspective. Front Physiol 2019; 10:399. [PMID: 31040792 PMCID: PMC6476986 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast majority of the pathophysiological and metabolic processes in humans are temporally controlled by a master circadian clock located centrally in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain, as well as by specialized peripheral oscillators located in other body tissues. This circadian clock system generates a rhythmical diurnal transcriptional-translational cycle in clock genes and protein expression and activities regulating numerous downstream target genes. Clock genes as key regulators of physiological function and dysfunction of the circadian clock have been linked to various diseases and multiple morbidities. Emerging omics technologies permits largescale multi-dimensional investigations of the molecular landscape of a given disease and the comprehensive characterization of its underlying cellular components (e.g., proteins, genes, lipids, metabolites), their mechanism of actions, functional networks and regulatory systems. Ultimately, they can be used to better understand disease and interpatient heterogeneity, individual profile, identify personalized targetable key molecules and pathways, discover novel biomarkers and genetic alterations, which collectively can allow for a better patient stratification into clinically relevant subgroups to improve disease prediction and prevention, early diagnostic, clinical outcomes, therapeutic benefits, patient's quality of life and survival. The use of “omics” technologies has allowed for recent breakthroughs in several scientific domains, including in the field of circadian clock biology. Although studies have explored the role of clock genes using circadiOmics (which integrates circadian omics, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) in human disease, no such studies have investigated the implications of circadian disruption in oral, head and neck pathologies using multi-omics approaches and linking the omics data to patient-specific circadian profiles. There is a burgeoning body of evidence that circadian clock controls the development and homeostasis of oral and maxillofacial structures, such as salivary glands, teeth and oral epithelium. Hence, in the current era of precision medicine and dentistry and patient-centered health care, it is becoming evident that a multi-omics approach is needed to improve our understanding of the role of circadian clock-controlled key players in the regulation of head and neck pathologies. This review discusses current knowledge on the role of the circadian clock and the contribution of omics-based approaches toward a novel precision health era for diagnosing and treating head and neck pathologies, with an emphasis on oral, head and neck cancer and Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry A Adeola
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Oral, Head & Neck Cancer-Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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12
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Eshelli M, Qader MM, Jambi EJ, Hursthouse AS, Rateb ME. Current Status and Future Opportunities of Omics Tools in Mycotoxin Research. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E433. [PMID: 30373184 PMCID: PMC6267353 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10110433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of low molecular weight produced by filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium spp. Mycotoxins are natural contaminants of agricultural commodities and their prevalence may increase due to global warming. Dangerous mycotoxins cause a variety of health problems not only for humans, but also for animals. For instance, they possess carcinogenic, immunosuppressive, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and neurotoxic effects. Hence, various approaches have been used to assess and control mycotoxin contamination. Significant challenges still exist because of the complex heterogeneous nature of food composition. The potential of combined omics approaches such as metabolomics, genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics would contribute to our understanding about pathogen fungal crosstalk as well as strengthen our ability to identify, isolate, and characterise mycotoxins pre and post-harvest. Multi-omics approaches along with advanced analytical tools and chemometrics provide a complete annotation of such metabolites produced before/during the contamination of crops. We have assessed the merits of these individual and combined omics approaches and their promising applications to mitigate the issue of mycotoxin contamination. The data included in this review focus on aflatoxin, ochratoxin, and patulin and would be useful as benchmark information for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Eshelli
- School of Computing, Engineering, & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK.
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 13538, Libya.
| | - M Mallique Qader
- School of Computing, Engineering, & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK.
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka.
| | - Ebtihaj J Jambi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Girls Section, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Andrew S Hursthouse
- School of Computing, Engineering, & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK.
| | - Mostafa E Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering, & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK.
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13
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Ghallab NA. Diagnostic potential and future directions of biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva of periodontal diseases: Review of the current evidence. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 87:115-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pokrowiecki R, Mielczarek A, Zaręba T, Tyski S. Oral microbiome and peri-implant diseases: where are we now? Ther Clin Risk Manag 2017; 13:1529-1542. [PMID: 29238198 PMCID: PMC5716316 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s139795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peri-implant infective diseases (PIIDs) in oral implantology are commonly known as peri-implant mucositis (PIM) and periimplantitis (PI). While PIM is restricted to the peri-implant mucosa and is reversible, PI also affects implant-supporting bone and, therefore, is very difficult to eradicate. PIIDs in clinical outcome may resemble gingivitis and periodontitis, as they share similar risk factors. However, recent study in the field of proteomics and other molecular studies indicate that PIIDs exhibit significant differences when compared to periodontal diseases. This review aims to elucidate the current knowledge of PIIDs, their etiopathology and diversified microbiology as well as the role of molecular studies, which may be a key to personalized diagnostic and treatment protocols of peri-implant infections in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Pokrowiecki
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery-Maxillofacial Surgery, Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology, Prof Stanislaw Popowski Voivoid Children Hospital, Olsztyn
| | | | - Tomasz Zaręba
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute
| | - Stefan Tyski
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Rzeznik M, Triba MN, Levy P, Jungo S, Botosoa E, Duchemann B, Le Moyec L, Bernaudin JF, Savarin P, Guez D. Identification of a discriminative metabolomic fingerprint of potential clinical relevance in saliva of patients with periodontitis using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182767. [PMID: 28837579 PMCID: PMC5570357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by the loss of the supporting tissues of the teeth in an inflammatory-infectious context. The diagnosis relies on clinical and X-ray examination. Unfortunately, clinical signs of tissue destruction occur late in the disease progression. Therefore, it is mandatory to identify reliable biomarkers to facilitate a better and earlier management of this disease. To this end, saliva represents a promising fluid for identification of biomarkers as metabolomic fingerprints. The present study used high-resolution 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis to identify the metabolic signature of active periodontitis. The metabolome of stimulated saliva of 26 patients with generalized periodontitis (18 chronic and 8 aggressive) was compared to that of 25 healthy controls. Principal Components Analysis (PCA), performed with clinical variables, indicated that the patient population was homogeneous, demonstrating a strong correlation between the clinical and the radiological variables used to assess the loss of periodontal tissues and criteria of active disease. Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structure (OPLS) analysis showed that patients with periodontitis can be discriminated from controls on the basis of metabolite concentrations in saliva with satisfactory explained variance (R2X = 0.81 and R2Y = 0.61) and predictability (Q2Y = 0.49, CV-AUROC = 0.94). Interestingly, this discrimination was irrespective of the type of generalized periodontitis, i.e. chronic or aggressive. Among the main discriminating metabolites were short chain fatty acids as butyrate, observed in higher concentrations, and lactate, γ-amino-butyrate, methanol, and threonine observed in lower concentrations in periodontitis. The association of lactate, GABA, and butyrate to generate an aggregated variable reached the best positive predictive value for diagnosis of periodontitis. In conclusion, this pilot study showed that 1H-NMR spectroscopy analysis of saliva could differentiate patients with periodontitis from controls. Therefore, this simple, robust, non-invasive method, may offer a significant help for early diagnosis and follow-up of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rzeznik
- Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CSPBAT, UMR 7244, CNRS, Bobigny, France.,APHP, Department of Periodontology, Bretonneau Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Nawfal Triba
- Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CSPBAT, UMR 7244, CNRS, Bobigny, France
| | - Pierre Levy
- APHP, Department of Public Health, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France.,UMR-S1136 (EPAR team), INSERM UPMC, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Jungo
- APHP, Department of Periodontology, Bretonneau Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Eliot Botosoa
- Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CSPBAT, UMR 7244, CNRS, Bobigny, France
| | - Boris Duchemann
- Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CSPBAT, UMR 7244, CNRS, Bobigny, France.,APHP, Department of Pneumology, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
| | | | - Jean-François Bernaudin
- APHP, Department of Pneumology, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France.,UPMC Paris 6, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.,Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA2363, Bobigny, France
| | - Philippe Savarin
- Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CSPBAT, UMR 7244, CNRS, Bobigny, France
| | - Dominique Guez
- APHP, Department of Periodontology, Bretonneau Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
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16
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The Treponema denticola FhbB Protein Is a Dominant Early Antigen That Elicits FhbB Variant-Specific Antibodies That Block Factor H Binding and Cleavage by Dentilisin. Infect Immun 2016; 84:2051-2058. [PMID: 27113359 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01542-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Treponema denticola FhbB protein contributes to immune evasion by binding factor H (FH). Cleavage of FH by the T. denticola protease, dentilisin, may contribute to the local immune dysregulation that is characteristic of periodontal disease (PD). Although three FhbB phyletic types have been defined (FhbB1, FhbB2, and FhbB3), the in vivo expression patterns and antigenic heterogeneity of FhbB have not been assessed. Here, we demonstrate that FhbB is a dominant early antigen that elicits FhbB type-specific antibody (Ab) responses. Using the murine skin abscess model, we demonstrate that the presence or absence of FhbB or dentilisin significantly influences Ab responses to infection and skin abscess formation. Competitive binding analyses revealed that α-FhbB Ab can compete with FH for binding to T. denticola and block dentilisin-mediated FH cleavage. Lastly, we demonstrate that dentilisin cleavage sites reside within critical functional domains of FH, including the complement regulatory domain formed by CCPs 1 to 4. Analysis of the FH cleavage products revealed that they lack cofactor activity. The data presented here provide insight into the in vivo significance of dentilisin, FhbB and its antigenic diversity, and the potential impact of FH cleavage on the regulation of complement activation.
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Monari E, Cuoghi A, Bellei E, Bergamini S, Lucchi A, Tomasi A, Cortellini P, Zaffe D, Bertoldi C. Analysis of protein expression in periodontal pocket tissue: a preliminary study. Proteome Sci 2015; 13:33. [PMID: 26719749 PMCID: PMC4696085 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-015-0089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The periodontal disease is caused by a set of inflammatory disorders characterized by periodontal pocket formation that lead to tooth loss if untreated. The proteomic profile and related molecular conditions of pocket tissue in periodontally-affected patients are not reported in literature. To characterize the proteomic profile of periodontally-affected patients, their interproximal periodontal pocket tissue was compared with that of periodontally-healthy patients. Pocket-associated and healthy tissue samples, harvested during surgical therapy, were treated to extract the protein content. Tissues were always collected at sites where no periodontal-pathogenic bacteria were detectable. Proteins were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. After identification, four proteins were selected for subsequent Western Blot quantitation both in pathological and healty tissues. Results A significant unbalance in protein expression between healthy and pathological sites was recorded. Thirty-two protein spots were overall identified, and four proteins (S100A9, HSPB1, LEG7 and 14-3-3) were selected for Western blot analysis of both periodontally-affected and healthy patients. The four selected proteins resulted over-expressed in periodontal pocket tissue when compared with the corresponding tissue of periodontally-healthy patients. The results of Western blot analysis are congruent with the defensive and the regenerative reaction of injured periodontal tissues. Conclusions The proteomic analysis was performed for the first time directly on periodontal pocket tissue. The proteomic network highlighted in this study enhances the understanding of periodontal disease pathogenesis necessary for specific therapeutic strategies setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Monari
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Aurora Cuoghi
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Elisa Bellei
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Bergamini
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Tomasi
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo, 71-41124 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Davide Zaffe
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Bertoldi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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