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Tosi LL, Templeton K, Pennington AM, Reid KA, Boyan BD. Influence of Sex and Gender on Musculoskeletal Conditions and How They Are Reported. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2024:00004623-990000000-01150. [PMID: 38954642 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.24.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT There is increasing evidence that musculoskeletal tissues are differentiallys regulated by sex hormones in males and females. The influence of sex hormones, in addition to other sex-based differences such as in anatomical alignment and immune-system function, impact the prevalence and severity of disease as well as the types of injuries that affect the musculoskeletal system and the outcomes of prevention measures and treatment. Literature specifically addressing sex differences related to the musculoskeletal system is limited, underscoring the imperative for both basic and clinical research on this topic. This review highlights areas of research that have implications for bone and cartilage health, including growth and development, sports injuries, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and bone frailty. It is clear that important aspects of the musculoskeletal system have been understudied. Consideration of how sex hormone therapy will affect musculoskeletal tissues in prepuberty, during puberty, and in adults is vital, yet little is known. The purpose of this article is to foster awareness and interest in advancing our understanding of how sex differences influence orthopaedic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Tosi
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | | | - Andrew M Pennington
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Kendall A Reid
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Institute for Engineering and Medicine, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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2
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Ma Z, Li DX, Lan X, Bubelenyi A, Vyhlidal M, Kunze M, Sommerfeldt M, Adesida AB. Short-term response of primary human meniscus cells to simulated microgravity. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:342. [PMID: 38907358 PMCID: PMC11191296 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical unloading of the knee articular cartilage results in cartilage matrix atrophy, signifying the osteoarthritic-inductive potential of mechanical unloading. In contrast, mechanical loading stimulates cartilage matrix production. However, little is known about the response of meniscal fibrocartilage, a major mechanical load-bearing tissue of the knee joint, and its functional matrix-forming fibrochondrocytes to mechanical unloading events. METHODS In this study, primary meniscus fibrochondrocytes isolated from the inner avascular region of human menisci from both male and female donors were seeded into porous collagen scaffolds to generate 3D meniscus models. These models were subjected to both normal gravity and mechanical unloading via simulated microgravity (SMG) for 7 days, with samples collected at various time points during the culture. RESULTS RNA sequencing unveiled significant transcriptome changes during the 7-day SMG culture, including the notable upregulation of key osteoarthritis markers such as COL10A1, MMP13, and SPP1, along with pathways related to inflammation and calcification. Crucially, sex-specific variations in transcriptional responses were observed. Meniscus models derived from female donors exhibited heightened cell proliferation activities, with the JUN protein involved in several potentially osteoarthritis-related signaling pathways. In contrast, meniscus models from male donors primarily regulated extracellular matrix components and matrix remodeling enzymes. CONCLUSION These findings advance our understanding of sex disparities in knee osteoarthritis by developing a novel in vitro model using cell-seeded meniscus constructs and simulated microgravity, revealing significant sex-specific molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Ma
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - David Xinzheyang Li
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, AB, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Xiaoyi Lan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Adam Bubelenyi
- Faculty of Science, AB, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Margaret Vyhlidal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Melanie Kunze
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Mark Sommerfeldt
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Adetola B Adesida
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
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3
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Bergman RF, Lammlin L, Junginger L, Farrell E, Goldman S, Darcy R, Rasner C, Obeidat AM, Malfait AM, Miller RE, Maerz T. Sexual dimorphism of the synovial transcriptome underpins greater PTOA disease severity in male mice following joint injury. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023:S1063-4584(23)00915-9. [PMID: 37716404 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease with sex-dependent prevalence and severity in both human and animal models. We sought to elucidate sex differences in synovitis, mechanical sensitization, structural damage, bone remodeling, and the synovial transcriptome in the anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACLR) mouse model of post-traumatic OA (PTOA). DESIGN Male and female 12-week-old C57/BL6J mice were randomized to Sham or noninvasive ACLR with harvests at 7d or 28d post-ACLR (n = 9 per sex in each group - Sham, 7d ACLR, 28d ACLR). Knee hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, and intra-articular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity (via intravital imaging) were measured longitudinally. Trabecular and subchondral bone (SCB) remodeling and osteophyte formation were assessed by µCT. Histological scoring of PTOA, synovitis, and anti-MMP13 immunostaining were performed. NaV1.8-Cre;tdTomato mice were used to document localization and sprouting of nociceptors. Bulk RNA-seq of synovium in Sham, 7d, and 28d post-ACLR, and contralateral joints (n = 6 per group per sex) assessed injury-induced and sex-dependent gene expression. RESULTS Male mice exhibited more severe joint damage at 7d and 28d and more severe synovitis at 28d, accompanied by 19% greater MMP activity, 8% lower knee hyperalgesia threshold, and 43% lower hindpaw withdrawal threshold in injured limbs compared to female injured limbs. Females had injury-induced catabolic responses in trabecular and SCB, whereas males exhibited 133% greater normalized osteophyte volume relative to females and sclerotic remodeling of trabecular and SCB. NaV1.8+ nociceptor sprouting in SCB and medial synovium was induced by injury and comparable between sexes. RNA-seq of synovium demonstrated similar injury-induced transcriptomic programs between the sexes at 7d, but only female mice exhibited a transcriptomic signature indicative of synovial inflammatory resolution by 28d, whereas males had persistent pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic, pro-neurogenic, and pro-angiogenic gene expression. CONCLUSION Male mice exhibited more severe overall joint damage and pain behavior after ACLR, which was associated with persistent activation of synovial inflammatory, fibrotic, and neuroangiogenic processes, implicating persistent synovitis in driving sex differences in murine PTOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Bergman
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lindsey Lammlin
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lucas Junginger
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Easton Farrell
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sam Goldman
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rose Darcy
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Cody Rasner
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Alia M Obeidat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rachel E Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tristan Maerz
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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4
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Patel J, Chen S, Katzmeyer T, Pei YA, Pei M. Sex-dependent variation in cartilage adaptation: from degeneration to regeneration. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:17. [PMID: 37024929 PMCID: PMC10077643 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00500-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite acknowledgement in the scientific community of sex-based differences in cartilage biology, the implications for study design remain unclear, with many studies continuing to arbitrarily assign demographics. Clinically, it has been well-established that males and females differ in cartilage degeneration, and accumulating evidence points to the importance of sex differences in the field of cartilage repair. However, a comprehensive review of the mechanisms behind this trend and the influence of sex on cartilage regeneration has not yet been presented. This paper aims to summarize current findings regarding sex-dependent variation in knee anatomy, sex hormones' effect on cartilage, and cartilaginous degeneration and regeneration, with a focus on stem cell therapies. Findings suggest that the stem cells themselves, as well as their surrounding microenvironment, contribute to sex-based differences. Accordingly, this paper underscores the contribution of both stem cell donor and recipient sex to sex-related differences in treatment efficacy. Cartilage regeneration is a field that needs more research to optimize strategies for better clinical results; taking sex into account could be a big factor in developing more effective and personalized treatments. The compilation of this information emphasizes the importance of investing further research in sex differences in cartilage biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhanvee Patel
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Torey Katzmeyer
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA
| | - Yixuan Amy Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA.
- WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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5
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Gianakos AL, Okedele O, Mulcahey MK, Kerkhoffs GM, Kennedy JG. Autologous Osteochondral Transplantation for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus-Does Sex Play a Role? J Foot Ankle Surg 2022; 62:96-101. [PMID: 35753861 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Autologous osteochondral transplantation (AOT) is used in the treatment of osteochondral lesions (OCL) of the talus. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in the presentation of talar OCLs and outcomes following AOT between male and female patients. Eighty-seven consecutive patients, ages 16 to 65 years, who underwent AOT were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on sex. Demographic data and OCL defect characteristic data were recorded. Functional outcomes were assessed pre- and postoperatively using the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS). The Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) score was used to assess cartilage incorporation. Fifty-six (64%) males and 31 (36%) females with mean clinical follow-up of 47.2 months were included in this study. OCL defect size was significantly larger in male patients (112.8 mm2) when compared with female patients (88.7 mm2) (p < .001). Male patients presented with a lesion associated with a recognized trauma (p < .006) when compared with female patients who typically presented with associated chronic ankle instability. Mean FAOS improved pre- to postoperatively from 50 to 81 (p < .001) with a statistically significant increase found in male patients (p < .001). The mean MOCART score was 82.1 in male and 86.7 female patients (p < .001). Our study demonstrates potential gender-related differences in the presentation and mechanism of injury in the development of OCLs. It is also not unreasonable to suggest that there may also be differences in treatment and rehabilitation strategies to reduce the risk of developing OCLs in men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna L Gianakos
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Liberty College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lynchburg, VA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
| | - Olasumnbo Okedele
- Academic Center of Evidence Based Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mary K Mulcahey
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS), IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gino M Kerkhoffs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Liberty College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lynchburg, VA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - John G Kennedy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University, New York, NY
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Ma Z, Li DX, Chee RKW, Kunze M, Mulet-Sierra A, Sommerfeldt M, Westover L, Graf D, Adesida AB. Mechanical Unloading of Engineered Human Meniscus Models Under Simulated Microgravity: A Transcriptomic Study. Sci Data 2022; 9:736. [PMID: 36450785 PMCID: PMC9712603 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) primarily affects mechanical load-bearing joints, with the knee being the most common. The prevalence, burden and severity of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are disproportionately higher in females, but hormonal differences alone do not explain the disproportionate incidence of KOA in females. Mechanical unloading by spaceflight microgravity has been implicated in OA development in cartilaginous tissues. However, the mechanisms and sex-dependent differences in OA-like development are not well explored. In this study, engineered meniscus constructs were generated from healthy human meniscus fibrochondrocytes (MFC) seeded onto type I collagen scaffolds and cultured under normal gravity and simulated microgravity conditions. We report the whole-genome sequences of constructs from 4 female and 4 male donors, along with the evaluation of their phenotypic characteristics. The collected data could be used as valuable resources to further explore the mechanism of KOA development in response to mechanical unloading, and to investigate the molecular basis of the observed sex differences in KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Ma
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - David Xinzheyang Li
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada ,grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Ryan K. W. Chee
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Melanie Kunze
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Aillette Mulet-Sierra
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Mark Sommerfeldt
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Lindsey Westover
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Daniel Graf
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XSchool of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Adetola B. Adesida
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XDepartment of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
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Lim CO, Park HJ, Koo BM, Kim BT, Kim JG, Choi GW. Analysis of correlation between the consumption of beverages and the risk of radiographic knee osteoarthritis in Korean people: A cross-sectional study using the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1, 2). Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30105. [PMID: 36123942 PMCID: PMC9478304 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes were to analyze correlations between the frequency of beverage drinking (coffee, green tea, milk, and soft drinks) and the presence of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) in relation to sex. We performed this study using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KHANES V-1, 2). We examined data from 5503 subjects after exclusion. We utilized the food frequency questionnaires from KHANES, and reorganized them into 2 or 3 groups according to the frequency of beverage consumption. We analyzed the relationship between radiographic knee OA and beverage consumption statistically after adjusting confounding factors with multivariable logistic regression analysis. Knee OA was inversely associated with coffee consumption only in women (P < .05). The odds ratio of knee OA was lower in those who drank at least a cup of coffee than in those who did not drink coffee in women (P for trend < .05). However, there was no significant linear trend of the odds ratio of each group in both sexes for drinking other beverages. As the coffee consumption increased, the radiographic knee OA group showed decreasing linear trend only in women. However, other beverages did not show a significant relation to the radiographic knee OA in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Ouk Lim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Gyeoung-gi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyung Jun Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Gyeoung-gi-do, South Korea
| | - Bong Mo Koo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Gyeoung-gi-do, South Korea
| | - Bo Taek Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Gyeoung-gi-do, South Korea
| | - Jae Gyoon Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Gyeoung-gi-do, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae Gyoon Kim, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, 123, Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-Gu, Ansan-si, Gyeongki-do 425-707, South Korea (e-mail: )
| | - Gi Won Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital
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Hernandez PA, Moreno M, Barati Z, Hutcherson C, Sathe AA, Xing C, Wright J, Welch T, Dhaher Y. Sexual Dimorphism in the Extracellular and Pericellular Matrix of Articular Cartilage. Cartilage 2022; 13:19476035221121792. [PMID: 36069595 PMCID: PMC9459468 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221121792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women have a higher prevalence and burden of joint injuries and pathologies involving articular cartilage than men. Although knee injuries affecting young women are on the rise, most studies related to sexual dimorphism target postmenopausal women. We hypothesize that sexual dimorphism in cartilage structure and mechanics is present before menopause, which can contribute to sex disparities in cartilage pathologies. DESIGN Bovine knee was used as a model to study healthy adult cartilage. We compared elastic moduli under compression, abundances of extracellular and pericellular matrix (PCM) proteins using proteomics, and PCM constituency with tissue immunofluorescence. The gene expression of matrix-related genes under basal, anabolic, and catabolic conditions was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS The equilibrium modulus was higher in male cartilage compared with female cartilage. Proteoglycans were not associated with this biomechanical dimorphism. Proteomic and pathway analyses of tissue showed dimorphic enriched pathways in extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins in which male cartilage was enriched in matrix interconnectors and crosslinkers that strengthen the ECM network. Moreover, male and female tissue differed in enriched PCM components. Females had more abundance of collagen type VI and decorin, suggesting different PCM mechanics. Furthermore, the activation of regenerative and catabolic function in chondrocytes triggered sex-dependent signatures in gene expression, indicating dimorphic genetic regulation that is dependent on stimulation. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence for sexual dimorphism in cartilage before menopause. Some differences are intrinsic to chondrocytes' gene expression defined by their XX versus XY chromosomal constituency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula A. Hernandez
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Paula A. Hernandez, Department of
Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry
Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Miranda Moreno
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zahra Barati
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Conner Hutcherson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adwait A. Sathe
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human
Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,
USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human
Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,
USA,Department of Bioinformatics,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Population and Data
Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jamie Wright
- Department of Cardiovascular and
Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,
USA
| | - Tre Welch
- Department of Cardiovascular and
Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,
USA
| | - Yasin Dhaher
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,
USA
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9
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Mixon A, Bahar-Moni AS, Faisal TR. Mechanical characterization of articular cartilage degraded combinedly with MMP-1 and MMP-9. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 129:105131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Sex-Specific Reduction in Inflammation of Osteoarthritic Human Chondrocytes and Nutraceutical-Dependent Extracellular Matrix Formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 14. [PMID: 34796310 DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2021.100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of osteoarthritic human chondrocytes to produce articular cartilage (AC) tissues with a reduced inflammatory environment in response to 4 anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals: alpha-tocopherol (Alpha), gallic acid (G), ascorbic acid (AA), and catechin hydrate (C). Methods Chondrocytes isolated from patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty surgeries were divided into groups (9 male; mean age, 66.2 ± 3.5 years and 11 female; mean age, 64.2 ± 3.1 years). Cells were cultured based on sex and supplemented with either a negative control (NC) medium or NC plus one of the nutraceuticals at a concentration of 50 μM. At day 21, cultures were characterized histologically, biochemically, and for gene expression of vital markers. Results At day 21, 62.3% and 66.2% reduction in nitric oxide (NO) content was evident for female and male cells, respectively. G-treatment of female cells resulted in the lowest expression of nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13), and collagen type-10 (COL10). Alpha-treatment of male cells resulted in the lowest expression of NOS2, bone morphogenic protein-2, MMP13, COL10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha induced protein-6 (TNFAIP6) relative to NC. AA and Alpha treatment resulted in the highest glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content for female and male cultures, respectively. Conclusion A sex-dependent response of osteoarthritic chondrocytes to nutraceutical treatment was evident. Our results suggest the use of G for female cells and Alpha for male cells in OA applications seems to be favorable in reducing inflammation and enhancing chondrocytes' ability to form AC tissues.
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11
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Di Napoli M, DeVoe WB, Leon S, Crookes B, Privette A, Graybill W, Eriksson EA. Decreased Incidence of Rib Fractures in Pregnant Patients After Motor Vehicle Collisions. Am J Crit Care 2021; 30:385-390. [PMID: 34467385 DOI: 10.4037/ajcc2021505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rib fractures are common after motor vehicle collisions. The hormonal changes associated with pregnancy decrease the stiffness and increase the laxity of cartilage and tendons. The effect of these changes on injury mechanics is not completely understood. OBJECTIVES To compare the incidences of chest wall injury following blunt thoracic trauma between pregnant and nonpregnant women. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective review of female patients seen at a level I trauma center from 2009 to 2017 after a motor vehicle collision. Patient characteristics were compared to determine if pregnancy affected the incidence of chest wall injury. Statistics were calculated with SPSS version 24 and are presented as mean (SD) or median (interquartile range). RESULTS In total, 1618 patients were identified. The incidence of rib/sternal fracture was significantly lower in pregnant patients (7.9% vs 15.2%, P = .047), but the incidence of intrathoracic injury was similar between the groups. Pregnant and nonpregnant patients with rib/sternal fractures had similar Injury Severity Score results (21 [13-27] vs 17 [11-22], P = .36), but pregnant patients without fractures had significantly lower scores (1 [0-5] vs 4 [1-9], P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Pregnant patients have a lower rate of rib fracture after a motor vehicle collision than nonpregnant patients. The difference in injury mechanics may be due to hormonal changes that increase elasticity and resistance to bony injury of the ribs. In pregnant trauma patients, intrathoracic injury without rib fracture should raise concerns about injury severity. A multicenter evaluation of these findings is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Di Napoli
- Marissa Di Napoli is an intern, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - William B. DeVoe
- William B. DeVoe is an assistant professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stuart Leon
- Stuart Leon is a professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Bruce Crookes
- Bruce Crookes is a professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Alicia Privette
- Alicia Privette is an associate professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Whitney Graybill
- Whitney Graybill is an associate professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Evert A. Eriksson
- Evert A. Eriksson is a professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Medical University of South Carolina
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12
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Xie Y, Liu S, Wang L, Yang H, Tai C, Ling L, Chen L, Liu S, Wang B. Individual heterogeneity screened umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells with high Treg promotion demonstrate improved recovery of mouse liver fibrosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:359. [PMID: 34158112 PMCID: PMC8220795 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the heterogeneities of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (HUCMSCs) derived from different donors and their therapeutic variations when applied to mouse liver fibrosis model. Methods The characteristics of HUCMSCs derived from multiple donors were comprehensively analyzed including expressions of surface markers, viability, growth curve, karyotype analysis, tumorigenicity, differentiation potentials, and immune regulation capability. Then, the HUCMSCs with distinct immunomodulatory effects were applied to treat mouse liver fibrosis and their therapeutic effects were observed. Results The HUCMSCs derived from multiple donors kept a high consistency in surface marker expressions, viability, growth curve, and tumorigenicity in nude mice but had robust heterogeneities in differentiation potentials and immune regulations. In addition, three HUCMSC lines applied to mice liver fibrosis model had different therapeutic outcomes, in line with individual immune regulation capability. Conclusion The HUCMSCs derived from different donors have individual heterogeneity, which potentially lead to distinct therapeutic outcomes in mouse liver fibrosis, indicating we could make use of the donor-variation of MSCs to screen out guaranteed general indicators of MSCs for specific diseases in further stromal cell therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02430-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xie
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liudi Wang
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxu Tai
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Endocrinology, University Health Science Center, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, University Health Science Center, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital and The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Clinical Stem Cell Center, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Pucha KA, McKinney JM, Fuller JM, Willett NJ. Characterization of OA development between sexes in the rat medial meniscal transection model. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2020; 2:100066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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14
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Gianakos AL, George N, Merklein M, Chambers L, Ferkel R, DiGiovanni C, Kennedy JG. Foot and Ankle Related Sex-Specific Analysis Within High-Impact Journals. Foot Ankle Int 2020; 41:356-363. [PMID: 31855079 DOI: 10.1177/1071100719894530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of patient sex on the prevalence of foot and ankle injuries has been established. Reporting of differences on treatment outcomes is lacking. The purpose of this study was to identify trends in sex-specific outcomes across high-impact journals over a 5-year time period. METHODS Two independent investigators reviewed journal issues published during 2 calendar years (2011 and 2016) in the 5 highest-impact orthopedic foot and ankle/sports subspecialty journals (Foot & Ankle International [FAI], Foot and Ankle Surgery [FAS], American Journal of Sports Medicine [AJSM], Arthroscopy, and Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy [KSSTA]). Studies were stratified into those that involved sex-specific analysis (SSA), where sex was a variable in a multifactorial statistical model, and those that only reported sex as a demographic characteristic or utilized sex-matched cohorts. RESULTS A total of 473 studies evaluating a total of 273 128 patients met criteria. An average of 43.9% (119 967 patients) of the population were female. Only 16.7% (79/473) of studies included sex as variable in a statistical model. Thirteen percent (25/193) and 19.3% (54/280) of studies reported SSA in 2011 and 2016, respectively. FAI was the only journal demonstrating a significant improvement of reporting SSA from 2011 to 2016 (P < .002). Thirty percent (24/79) of studies that performed SSA demonstrated significant differences between male and female outcomes. CONCLUSION Reporting of SSA in the orthopedic literature continued to be lacking. Only 16.7% of all articles evaluated in 2011 and 2016 performed SSA, with 30% of this subset reporting a statistically significant difference in outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, comparative study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna L Gianakos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health-Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, NJ, USA
| | - Nicole George
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aultman Hospital, Canton, OH, USA
| | - Meghan Merklein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health-Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, NJ, USA
| | - Lori Chambers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Barnabas Health-Jersey City Medical Center, Jersey City, NJ, USA
| | - Richard Ferkel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Southern California Orthopedic Institute, Van Nuys, CA, USA
| | | | - John G Kennedy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Yang X, Ruan G, Xu J, Zheng S, Wang K, Ding C. Associations between suprapatellar pouch effusion-synovitis, serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, high sensitivity C-reaction protein, knee symptom, and joint structural changes in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:1663-1670. [PMID: 31897961 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the cross-sectional associations between suprapatellar pouch effusion-synovitis and serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), high sensitivity C-reaction protein (hs-CRP), knee symptom, and structural changes in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHOD A total of 173 subjects were included. The osteophytes, joint space narrowing (JSN), and radiographic severity of OA were determined using X-ray. Cartilage defects, bone marrow lesions (BMLs), and suprapatellar pouch effusion-synovitis were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. Serum levels of COMP and hs-CRP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The knee joint symptom was self-reported using visual analogue scale. RESULTS In this OA cohort, after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI, the presence of pathological effusion-synovitis was associated with serum levels of COMP (β: 30.98, P = 0.018), and suprapatellar pouch effusion-synovitis maximum areas were associated with serum hs-CRP levels. Both suprapatellar pouch effusion-synovitis maximum area and grade were associated with osteophytes and Kellgren-Lawrence scores (ORs: 1.29-1.54, all P < 0.05). In patients with high tertile of hs-CRP, both suprapatellar pouch effusion-synovitis maximum area and grade were associated with cartilage defects at lateral and medial tibiofemoral sites (ORs: 3.01-8.41, all P < 0.05) after adjustment for covariates. In female patients, the significant associations were present between suprapatellar pouch effusion-synovitis and medial tibiofemoral BMLs (ORs: 1.43-1.53, all P < 0.05) after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Suprapatellar pouch effusion-synovitis was associated with serum levels of COMP as well as hs-CRP and knee structural abnormalities in patients with knee OA. These suggested that effusion-synovitis may play a role in knee OA.Key Points• Suprapatellar pouch effusion-synovitis is associated with serum levels of COMP in patients with knee OA.• Suprapatellar pouch effusion-synovitis is associated with cartilage defects in knee OA patients with high systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guangfeng Ruan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Changhai Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Arthritis Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. .,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia. .,Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Serum uric acid level is not associated with osteoarthritis in Korean population: data from the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016. Rheumatol Int 2018; 38:2077-2085. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-018-4141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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17
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Berger MB, Cohen DJ, Olivares-Navarrete R, Williams JK, Cochran DL, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Human osteoblasts exhibit sexual dimorphism in their response to estrogen on microstructured titanium surfaces. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:30. [PMID: 29970177 PMCID: PMC6029108 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osseointegration is dependent on the implant surface, surrounding bone quality, and the systemic host environment, which can differ in male and female patients. Titanium (Ti) implants with microstructured surfaces exhibit greater pullout strength when compared to smooth-surfaced implants and exhibit enhanced osteogenic cellular responses in vitro. Previous studies showed that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] has a greater effect on rat osteoblast differentiation on microstructured Ti compared to smooth Ti surfaces and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). The stimulatory effect of 17β-estradiol (E2) on differentiation is observed in female osteoblasts on micro-rough Ti, but it is not known if male osteoblasts behave similarly in response to E2 and microtopography. This study assessed whether human male and female osteoblasts exhibit sex-specific differences in response to E2 and 1α,25(OH)2D3 when cultured on microstructured Ti surfaces. METHODS Osteoblasts from three male and three female human donors were cultured on Ti discs with varying surface profiles: a smooth pretreatment (PT), a coarse grit-blasted/acid-etched (SLA), and an SLA surface having undergone modification in a nitrogen environment and stored in saline to maintain hydrophilicity (modSLA). Cells cultured on these surfaces were treated with E2 or 1α,25(OH)2D3. RESULTS Male and female human osteoblasts responded similarly to microstructure although there were donor-specific differences; cell number decreased, and osteocalcin (OCN), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and latent and active transforming growth factor 1 increased on SLA and modSLA compared to TCPS. Female osteoblasts had higher alkaline phosphatase activity and OCN production than male counterparts but produced less OPG. Both sexes responded similarly to 1α,25(OH)2D3. E2 treatment reduced cell number and increased osteoblast differentiation and factor production only in female cells. CONCLUSIONS Male and female human osteoblasts respond similarly to microstructure and 1α,25(OH)2D3 but exhibit sexual dimorphism in substrate-dependent responses to E2. E2 affected female osteoblasts, suggesting that signaling is sex-specific and surface-dependent. Donor osteoblasts varied in response, demonstrating the need to test multiple donors when examining human samples. Understanding how male and female cells respond to orthopedic biomaterials will enable greater predictability post-implantation as well as therapies that are more patient-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA
| | - David J Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA
| | | | - David L Cochran
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA. .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-3068, USA.,Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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18
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Watanabe H, Ishii H, Takahashi K, Takai S, Ozawa H. Suitable reference gene selection for gene expression studies in knee osteoarthritis synovium using quantitative PCR analysis. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:356-368. [PMID: 29095075 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1391234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading cause of musculoskeletal disability in the elderly. Insights into the biological features of OA are obtained by characterization of the molecular features by gene expression profiling using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). However, it has recently become evident that the use of suitable reference genes is required for appropriate normalization of this technique. Here total RNA was isolated from the synovium of 18 men and 20 women who underwent total knee arthroplasty for knee OA (KOA). We validated the expression stability of 7 candidate housekeeping genes (ACTB, B2M, GAPDH, HPRT1, RPL13A, SDHA, and YWHAZ) in the synovium of KOA with 3 commonly used algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper). Additionally, we evaluated expression profiles of the steroid hormone receptor (AR, ESR1, ESR2, GR, MR, and PR) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL1B and IL6) genes in the synovium and their correlations with the risk factors of KOA, using the most and least stable housekeeping genes for comparison. Results showed that HPRT1 was the most stable gene, whereas B2M was the least stable. RT-qPCR analysis revealed sexually dimorphic expression of AR, IL1B, and IL6; intercorrelations between steroid hormone receptor expression levels and female-specific correlations of IL1B expression with ESR1 and PR expression, IL6 expression with ESR1 and GR expression, and body mass index with AR and PR expression; and the choice of the least stable reference gene altered several correlations and statistical significances. In conclusion, HPRT1 was identified as the suitable reference gene for normalization in the OA synovium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Watanabe
- a Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology , Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo , Japan.,b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Nippon Medical School , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ishii
- a Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology , Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Nippon Medical School , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shinro Takai
- b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Nippon Medical School , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ozawa
- a Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology , Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo , Japan
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19
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Association between menopause and lumbar disc degeneration: an MRI study of 1,566 women and 1,382 men. Menopause 2017; 24:1136-1144. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Menopause is associated with articular cartilage degeneration: a clinical study of knee joint in 860 women. Menopause 2016; 23:1239-1246. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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21
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Pan Q, O'Connor MI, Coutts RD, Hyzy SL, Olivares-Navarrete R, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Characterization of osteoarthritic human knees indicates potential sex differences. Biol Sex Differ 2016; 7:27. [PMID: 27257472 PMCID: PMC4890516 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-016-0080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of osteoarthritis is higher in women than in men in every age group, and overall prevalence increases with advancing age. Sex-specific differences in the properties of osteoarthritic joint tissues may permit the development of sex-specific therapies. Sex hormones regulate cartilage and bone development and homeostasis in a sex-dependent manner. Recent in vitro studies show that the vitamin D3 metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3] also has sex-specific effects on musculoskeletal cells, suggesting that vitamin D3 metabolites may play a role in osteoarthritis-related sex-specific differences. The purpose of this study was to determine if sex-specific differences exist in synovial fluid and knee tissues isolated from male and female patients with severe knee osteoarthritis. We determined the presence of vitamin D3 metabolites, inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in synovial fluid and assessed responses of articular chondrocytes and subchondral osteoblasts to 17β-estradiol, dihydrotestosterone, and 1α,25(OH)2D3. METHODS Samples from knee joints of 10 Caucasian male and 10 Caucasian female patients with advanced osteoarthritis aged 65 to 75 years were obtained from total knee arthroplasty. Vitamin D metabolites, cytokines, MMPs, and growth factors in the synovial fluid were measured. Primary cultures of chondrocytes were isolated from fibrillated articular cartilage adjacent to osteoarthritis lesions and minimally affected cartilage distal to the lesion. Osteoblasts were isolated from the subchondral bone. Expression of receptors for 17β-estradiol and 1α,25(OH)2D3 was assessed by real-time PCR. Chondrocytes and osteoblasts were treated with 10(-8) M 17β-estradiol, dihydrotestosterone, or 1α,25(OH)2D3 and effects on gene expression and protein synthesis determined. RESULTS Histology of the articular cartilage confirmed advanced osteoarthritis. Sex differences were found in synovial fluid levels of vitamin D metabolites, cytokines, and metalloproteinases as well as in the cellular expression of receptors for 17β-estradiol and 1α,25(OH)2D3. Male cells were more responsive to 1α,25(OH)2D3 and dihydrotestosterone, whereas 17β-estradiol-affected female cells. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that there are underlying sex differences in knee tissues affected by osteoarthritis. Our findings do not address osteoarthritis etiology but have implications for different prevention methods and treatments for men and women. Further research is needed to better understand these sex-based differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfen Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Mary I O'Connor
- Center for Musculoskeletal Care, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Richard D Coutts
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Sharon L Hyzy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | | | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA ; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA USA ; School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Suite 331, Richmond, VA 23284 USA
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22
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Li H, Zeng C, Wei J, Yang T, Gao SG, Li YS, Luo W, Xiao WF, Xiong YL, Lei GH. Relationship between soy milk intake and radiographic knee joint space narrowing and osteophytes. Rheumatol Int 2016; 36:1215-22. [PMID: 27193467 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-016-3491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the cross-sectional association between dietary soy milk intake and the prevalence of radiographic knee joint space narrowing (JSN) and osteophytes (OST). Soy milk intake was assessed using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and classified into three categories: never, <once a day, and ≥once a day. JSN and OST were assessed individually based on the Osteoarthritis Research Society International atlas. Multivariable logistic models were used after adjusting for potentially confounding factors. A total of 5764 subjects were included. Both the models suggested a significant inverse association between soy milk intake and OST. In model 1 (adjusted for age, body mass index, and sex), the prevalence of OST decreased in "≥once a day" category (OR 0.52, 95 % CI 0.28-0.98, P = 0.042) and "<once a day" category (OR 0.78, 95 % CI 0.66-0.93, P = 0.005) comparing to "never" category of soy milk intake, and the P for trend was 0.001. The outcomes were similar in model 2 (adjusted based on model 1, with additional factors of total energy intake, activity level, smoking status, alcohol-drinking status, educational background, diabetes, hypertension, and other dairy product intake) ("≥once a day" category: OR 0.49, 95 % CI 0.26-0.92, P = 0.026; "<once a day" category: OR 0.79, 95 % CI 0.67-0.94, P = 0.009), and the P for trend was 0.001. However, the significant associations between soy milk intake and JSN in both the models were not observed. Dietary soy milk intake was found to be negatively associated with OST, but not JSN, independent of some major confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shu-Guang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Feng Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-Lin Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Guang-Hua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, #87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
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23
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Liang Y, Duan L, Xiong J, Zhu W, Liu Q, Wang D, Liu W, Li Z, Wang D. E2 regulates MMP-13 via targeting miR-140 in IL-1β-induced extracellular matrix degradation in human chondrocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:105. [PMID: 27165343 PMCID: PMC4863330 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen deficiency is closely related to the development of menopausal arthritis. Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) shows a protective effect against the osteoarthritis. However, the underlying mechanism of this protective effect is unknown. This study aimed to determine the role of miR-140 in the estrogen-dependent regulation of MMP-13 in human chondrocytes. METHODS Primary human articular chondrocytes were obtained from female OA patients undergoing knee replacement surgery. Normal articular chondrocytes were isolated from the knee joints of female donors after trauma and treated with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Gene expression levels of miR-140, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-5 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). miR-140 levels were upregulated or downregulated by transfecting cells with a miRNA mimic and inhibitor, respectively, prior to treatment with IL-1β. MMP-13 expression was then evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to verify the interaction between miR-140 and ER. RESULTS 17-β-estradiol (E2) suppressed MMP-13 expression in human articular chondrocytes. miR-140 expression was upregulated after estrogen treatment. Knockdown of miR-140 expression abolished the inhibitory effect of estrogen on MMP-13. In addition, the estrogen/ER/miR-140 pathway showed an inhibitory effect on IL-1β-induced cartilage matrix degradation. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that estrogen acts via ER and miR-140 to inhibit the catabolic activity of proteases within the chondrocyte extracellular matrix. These findings provide new insight into the mechanism of menopausal arthritis and indicate that the ER/miR-140 signaling pathway may be a potential target for therapeutic interventions for menopausal arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China
- Departments of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianyi Xiong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qisong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Daming Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zigang Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Daping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China.
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Zhang H, Zhou Z, Luo J, Hou J. Effects of corticosterone on the metabolic activity of cultured chicken chondrocytes. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:86. [PMID: 25880747 PMCID: PMC4393584 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Corticosterone is one of the most crucial glucocorticoids (GCs) in poultry. Our previous study shows that corticosterone can retard the longitudinal growth of bones by depressing the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in broilers. The present study was designed to investigate whether corticosterone affect the development of chondrocytes and the synthesis of collagen in vitro. The chondrocytes were isolated from proximal tibial growth plates of 6-week-old broiler chickens and cultured with different doses of corticosterone for 48 h. Then the cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) and type X collagen (Col X) were detected. Results At 10−9-10−6 M concentration, corticosterone significantly inhibited the viability and differentiation of chondrocytes, as indicated by decreases in ALP and type X collagen expression. Conversely, there was completely opposite effect at 10−10 M. In addition, the expression of PTHrP was significantly downregulated at 10−6 M and 10−8 M, and was upregulated at 10−10 M. Conclusions The results suggested that corticosterone regulated chicken chondrocytes performance depending on its concentration with high concentrations inhibiting the viability and differentiation of chondrocytes and light concentrations promoting them, and these roles of corticosterone may be in part mediated through PTHrP. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-015-0398-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Jingwen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
| | - Jiafa Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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Roddy K, Boulter C. Targeted mutation of NOV/CCN3 in mice disrupts joint homeostasis and causes osteoarthritis-like disease. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:607-15. [PMID: 25541297 PMCID: PMC4373756 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The matricellular protein NOV/CCN3, is implicated in osteoarthritis (OA) and targeted mutation of NOV in mice (Nov(del3)) leads to joint abnormalities. This investigation tested whether NOV is required for joint homeostasis and if its disruption causes joint degeneration. METHOD NOV expression in the adult mouse joint was characterized by immunohistochemistry. A detailed comparison of the joints of Nov(del3)-/- and Nov(del3)+/+ (wild-type) males and females at 2, 6 and 12 months of age was determined by X-ray, histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS NOV protein was found in specific cells in articular cartilage, meniscus, synovium and ligament attachment sites in adult knees. Nov(del3)-/- males exhibited severe OA-like pathology at 12 months (OARSI score 5.0 ± 0.5, P < 0.001), affecting all tissues of the joint: erosion of the articular cartilage, meniscal enlargement, osteophytic outgrowths, ligament degeneration and expansion of fibrocartilage. Subchondral sclerosis and changes in extracellular matrix composition consistent with OA, were also seen. The density of articular cartilage cells in Nov(del3)+/+ knee joints is maintained at a constant level from 2 to 12 months of age whereas this is not the case in Nov(del3)-/- mice. Compared with age and sex-matched Nov(del3)+/+ mice, a significant increase in articular cartilage density was seen in Nov(del3)-/- males at 2 months, whereas a significant decrease was seen at 6 and 12 months in both Nov(del3)-/- males and females. CONCLUSION NOV is required for the maintenance of articular cartilage and for joint homeostasis, with disruption of NOV in ageing Nov(del3)-/- male mice causing OA-like disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C.A. Boulter
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to: C.A. Boulter, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK. Tel: 44-2920874311; Fax: 44-2920874116.
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Thornton GM, Reno CR, Achari Y, Morck DW, Hart DA. Surgical menopause initiates molecular changes that do not result in mechanical changes in normal and healing ligaments. Bone Joint Res 2015; 4:38-44. [PMID: 25761872 PMCID: PMC4381691 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.43.2000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Ligaments which heal spontaneously have a healing process that
is similar to skin wound healing. Menopause impairs skin wound healing
and may likewise impair ligament healing. Our purpose in this study
was to investigate the effect of surgical menopause on ligament
healing in a rabbit medial collateral ligament model. Methods Surgical menopause was induced with ovariohysterectomy surgery
in adult female rabbits. Ligament injury was created by making a
surgical gap in the midsubstance of the medial collateral ligament.
Ligaments were allowed to heal for six or 14 weeks in the presence
or absence of oestrogen before being compared with uninjured ligaments. Molecular
assessment examined the messenger ribonucleic acid levels for collagens,
proteoglycans, proteinases, hormone receptors, growth factors and
inflammatory mediators. Mechanical assessments examined ligament
laxity, total creep strain and failure stress. Results Surgical menopause in normal medial collateral ligaments initiated
molecular changes in all the categories evaluated. In early healing
medial collateral ligaments, surgical menopause resulted in downregulation
of specific collagens, proteinases and inflammatory mediators at
6 weeks of healing, and proteoglycans, growth factors and hormone receptors
at 14 weeks of healing. Surgical menopause did not produce mechanical
changes in normal or early healing medial collateral ligaments.
With or without surgical menopause, healing ligaments exhibited
increased total creep strain and decreased failure stress compared
with uninjured ligaments. Conclusions Surgical menopause did not affect the mechanical properties of
normal or early healing medial collateral ligaments in a rabbit
model. The results in this preclinical model suggest that menopause
may result in no further impairment to the ligament healing process. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:38–44
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Thornton
- University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - C R Reno
- University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Y Achari
- University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - D W Morck
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - D A Hart
- University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
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Bertolo A, Baur M, Aebli N, Ferguson SJ, Stoyanov J. Physiological testosterone levels enhance chondrogenic extracellular matrix synthesis by male intervertebral disc cells in vitro, but not by mesenchymal stem cells. Spine J 2014; 14:455-68. [PMID: 24184643 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Testosterone (T) is a hormone and regulator involved in the processes of development of the organism (ie, promoting development of bone and muscle mass). Although T effects on the mesenchyme-derived muscle, bone, and adipose tissues are well studied, T effects on intervertebral disc (IVD) have not been reported. PURPOSE The aim was to test the following hypothesis: if a physiological concentration of T (∼30 nM) can improve in vitro chondrogenesis of human IVD cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Human IVD cells and MSCs were differentiated to chondrogenic lineage on gelatin scaffolds for 4 weeks, in the presence or absence of T. METHODS Chondrogenesis was assessed by cell viability, by measuring gene expression with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation with immunoblotting, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods. RESULTS Supplementation of T to chondrogenic culture did not affect viability. In male IVD cells, T had a beneficial impact on chondrogenesis, particularly in nucleus pulposus cells, demonstrated by an increased expression of aggrecan, collagen type I, and especially collagen type II. Conversely, T had no effects on chondrogenesis of female IVD cells or MSCs from both genders. A gene expression array of transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein signaling cascade showed that in male IVD cells, T promoted a stable general but nonsignificant increase in gene expression. Furthermore, aromatase inhibitor anastrazole repressed the effect of T on ECM expression by IVD cells. The results suggest that T increased ECM accumulation in male IVD cells in combination with its conversion to estradiol by the enzyme aromatase. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that T effectively enhances in vitro chondrogenesis in male IVD cells, rising the interest in the possible role of sex hormones in IVD degeneration. Nevertheless, T does not affect chondrogenic differentiation of female IVD cells and MSCs from both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bertolo
- Biomedical Laboratories, Swiss Paraplegic Research, G.A. Zaech Strasse 4, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Martin Baur
- Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Spitalstrasse 16, 6000 Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Aebli
- Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Zaechstrasse 1, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland; School of Medicine, Griffith University, University Drive, 4131 Meadowbrook Qld, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen J Ferguson
- Institute for Biomechanics, Schafmattstrasse 30, 8093 ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jivko Stoyanov
- Biomedical Laboratories, Swiss Paraplegic Research, G.A. Zaech Strasse 4, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland; Institute for Surgical Technology and Biomechanics, University of Bern, Stauffacherstrasse 78, 3014 Bern, Switzerland.
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Filardo G, Kon E, Andriolo L, Vannini F, Buda R, Ferruzzi A, Giannini S, Marcacci M. Does patient sex influence cartilage surgery outcome? Analysis of results at 5-year follow-up in a large cohort of patients treated with Matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation. Am J Sports Med 2013; 41:1827-34. [PMID: 23857885 DOI: 10.1177/0363546513480780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual dimorphism in humans has already been documented at different levels, and preliminary findings also suggest the importance of patient sex on clinical outcome in the treatment of cartilage lesions. PURPOSE To document and analyze the influence of sex on clinical outcome in a large cohort of patients treated with a cartilage regenerative procedure for knee chondral lesions and prospectively followed at midterm follow-up. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS A total of 250 knees were treated with matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) and prospectively evaluated with International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), EuroQol visual analog scale (EQ-VAS), and Tegner scores at 1-, 2-, and minimum 5-year follow-ups to compare results obtained in men and women. The lesions were focal International Cartilage Repair Society grade III-IV chondral knee defects involving femoral condyles, trochleae, and patellae. Two homogeneous groups of 56 male patients and 56 female patients were then selected by a blinded statistician for a matched-pair analysis. RESULTS A statistically significant improvement in all the scores in both men and women was observed in the general population. The IKDC subjective score showed better results for men at all follow-up times: at 5 years, the mean IKDC subjective score was 79.5 ± 18.6 versus 64.3 ± 20.2 for men and women, respectively (P < .0005), and the same trend was confirmed with the EQ-VAS and Tegner scores. The matched-pair analysis confirmed the difference of final results achieved (74.1 ± 19.8 vs 63.7 ± 20.2, respectively; P = .006). However, men and women started with different preoperative levels, and the analysis of the improvement obtained was not significantly different. Finally, when scores were standardized for each patient, according to the mean score typical for the corresponding age and sex category in a healthy population, a sex-related difference was not confirmed at any of the follow-ups. Etiological factors, lesion site, and preinjury activity level differed in women and men of the general population and were the confounding factors responsible for the different outcome not confirmed by the analysis of homogeneous cohorts of patients. CONCLUSION Women have a different knee chondral lesion pattern and more often have unfavorable conditions related to the cause of injury, site, and activity level, and they also have lower raw, not standardized, scores. However, a matched-pair analysis with data standardized for the specific patient categories showed that, on equal terms, women have the same possibilities for successful outcome as men after surgical treatment for knee cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Filardo
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via Di Barbiano, 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
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Boyan BD, Tosi LL, Coutts RD, Enoka RM, Hart DA, Nicolella DP, Berkley KJ, Sluka KA, Kwoh CK, O’Connor MI, Kohrt WM, Resnick E. Addressing the gaps: sex differences in osteoarthritis of the knee. Biol Sex Differ 2013; 4:4. [PMID: 23374401 PMCID: PMC3571922 DOI: 10.1186/2042-6410-4-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An introduction to the accompanying three papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara D Boyan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0363, USA
| | - Laura L Tosi
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20010
| | - Richard D Coutts
- ISIS Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women’s Health Research, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Roger M Enoka
- ISIS Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women’s Health Research, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David A Hart
- ISIS Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women’s Health Research, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel P Nicolella
- ISIS Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women’s Health Research, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Karen J Berkley
- ISIS Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women’s Health Research, Washington, DC, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4301, USA
| | - Kathleen A Sluka
- ISIS Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women’s Health Research, Washington, DC, USA
| | - C Kent Kwoh
- ISIS Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women’s Health Research, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mary I O’Connor
- ISIS Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women’s Health Research, Washington, DC, USA
- Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- ISIS Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women’s Health Research, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eileen Resnick
- ISIS Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women’s Health Research, Washington, DC, USA
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Boyan BD, Hart DA, Enoka RM, Nicolella DP, Resnick E, Berkley KJ, Sluka KA, Kwoh CK, Tosi LL, O'Connor MI, Coutts RD, Kohrt WM. Hormonal modulation of connective tissue homeostasis and sex differences in risk for osteoarthritis of the knee. Biol Sex Differ 2013; 4:3. [PMID: 23374322 PMCID: PMC3583799 DOI: 10.1186/2042-6410-4-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Young female athletes experience a higher incidence of ligament injuries than their male counterparts, females experience a higher incidence of joint hypermobility syndrome (a risk factor for osteoarthritis development), and post-menopausal females experience a higher prevalence of osteoarthritis than age-matched males. These observations indicate that fluctuating sex hormone levels in young females and loss of ovarian sex hormone production due to menopause likely contribute to observed sex differences in knee joint function and risk for loss of function. In studies of osteoarthritis, however, there is a general lack of appreciation for the heterogeneity of hormonal control in both women and men. Progress in this field is limited by the relatively few preclinical osteoarthritis models, and that most of the work with established models uses only male animals. To elucidate sex differences in osteoarthritis, it is important to examine sex hormone mechanisms in cells from knee tissues and the sexual dimorphism in the role of inflammation at the cell, tissue, and organ levels. There is a need to determine if the risk for loss of knee function and integrity in females is restricted to only the knee or if sex-specific changes in other tissues play a role. This paper discusses these gaps in knowledge and suggests remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara D Boyan
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA
| | - David A Hart
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Roger M Enoka
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Daniel P Nicolella
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Eileen Resnick
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Karen J Berkley
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Kathleen A Sluka
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - C Kent Kwoh
- University of Pittsburgh and Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Epidemiology, and Clinical and Translational Science Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Arthritis Institute, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Laura L Tosi
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Mary I O'Connor
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA.,Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Richard D Coutts
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Isis Research Network on Musculoskeletal Health, Society for Women's Health Research, 1025 Connecticut Avenue, NW Suite 601, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
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Linn S, Murtaugh B, Casey E. Role of sex hormones in the development of osteoarthritis. PM R 2012; 4:S169-73. [PMID: 22632696 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Women older than 50 years have a considerably higher prevalence of osteoarthritis than men of the same age group. Although several factors have been proposed, there is some evidence that sex hormones influence the development of osteoarthritis. This article will focus on the basic science and clinical evidence that describe the current state of knowledge regarding the relationship between sex hormones and the development of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Linn
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on cartilage apoptosis signalling pathways in ovariectomised rats. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2011; 35:1875-82. [PMID: 21404022 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-011-1245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) on modulation of the cartilage apoptosis signalling pathway in ovariectomised rats by monitoring the expression of mRNA of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and Bax. METHODS Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats (250 ± 50 g) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: ovariectomy with PEMF treatment (PEMF group), ovariectomy with oestradiol (E2) treatment (oestrogen group), ovariectomy control (OVX group) and sham group. The ovariectomy model was prepared by surgical resection of the ovaries. After a three-month intermission, animals in the PEMF and oestrogen groups received treatment for 30 days; then serum 17β-oestradiol levels, chondrocyte morphology, and XIAP and Bax mRNA expression in knee joint cartilage were analysed. RESULTS The results showed different chondrocyte formation in each group. Serum E2 content in the PEMF and oestrogen groups was significantly higher than in the OVX group (p < 0.05). The expression of XIAP mRNA in the PEMF and oestrogen groups was significantly up-regulated compared to the OVX group, while that of Bax mRNA was significantly down-regulated (p < 0.05). The correlation between E2 level and expression of Bax mRNA was positive (0.506) and statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that PEMF can up-regulate XIAP mRNA expression and down-regulate Bax mRNA expression in ovariectomised rats. Changes in XIAP and Bax mRNA expression may be the mechanism by which PEMF therapy affects postmenopausal osteoarthritis.
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Impact of sex hormones, insulin, growth factors and peptides on cartilage health and disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 45:239-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zhong M, Carney DH, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. 17β-Estradiol regulates rat growth plate chondrocyte apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway not involving nitric oxide or MAPKs. Endocrinology 2011; 152:82-92. [PMID: 21068162 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens cause growth plate closure in both males and females, by decreasing proliferation and inducing apoptosis of postproliferative growth plate chondrocytes. In vitro studies using 17β-estradiol (E(2)) conjugated to bovine serum albumin (E(2)-BSA) show that rat costochondral growth plate resting zone chondrocytes also respond to E(2). Moreover, they are regulated by E(2)-BSA via a protein kinase C and ERK MAPK signaling pathway that is functional only in female cells. To better understand how E(2) regulates apoptosis of growth plate chondrocytes, rat resting zone chondrocytes cells were treated with E(2) or E(2)-BSA. E(2) caused apoptosis in male and female resting zone and growth zone chondrocytes in a dose-dependent manner, based on elevated DNA fragmentation, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining and caspase-3 activation. E(2) also up-regulated p53 and Bax protein (Bcl-2-associated X protein) levels and induced release of cytochrome C from the mitochondria, indicating a mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The apoptotic effect of E(2) did not involve elevated nitric oxide production or MAPKs. It was reduced by ICI 182780, which is an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist and blocked by antibodies to Erα36, a membrane-associated ER. E(2)-BSA reduced cell viability and increased caspase-3 activity; ICI 182780 had no effect, but anti-ERα36 antibodies blocked the effect. The results indicate that estrogen is able to directly affect the cell population kinetics of growth plate chondrocytes by regulating apoptosis, as well as proliferation and differentiation in both resting zone and growth zone cells. They also have provided further information about the physiological functions of estrogen on longitudinal bone growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0363, USA
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36
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Olivares-Navarrete R, Hyzy SL, Chaudhri RA, Zhao G, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. Sex dependent regulation of osteoblast response to implant surface properties by systemic hormones. Biol Sex Differ 2010; 1:4. [PMID: 21208469 PMCID: PMC3010104 DOI: 10.1186/2042-6410-1-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osseointegration depends on the implant surface, bone quality and the local and systemic host environment, which can differ in male and female patients. This study was undertaken in order to determine if male and female cells respond differently to titanium surfaces that have micron-scale roughness and if interactions of calciotropic hormones [1α,25(OH)2D3 and 17β-oestradiol (E2)] and microstructured surfaces on osteoblasts are sex dependent. Methods Osteoblasts from 6-week old Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) or on titanium (Ti) disks with two different surface topographies, a smooth pretreated (PT) surface and a coarse grit-blasted/acid-etched (SLA) surface, and treated with 1α,25(OH)2D3, E2, or E2 conjugated to bovine serum albumin (E2-BSA). Results Male and female cells responded similarly to Ti microstructure with respect to cell number and levels of osteocalcin, transforming growth factor-β1, osteoprotegerin and prostaglandin E2 in their conditioned media, exhibiting a more differentiated phenotype on SLA than on PT or TCPS. E2 and E2-BSA increased differentiation and local factor production, an effect that was microstructure dependent and found only in female osteoblasts. 1α,25(OH)2D3 increased osteoblast differentiation and local factor production in female and male cells, but the effect was more robust in male cells. Conclusions Male and female rat osteoblasts respond similarly to surface microstructure but exhibit sexual dimorphism in substrate-dependent responses to systemic hormones. Oestrogen affected only female cells while 1α,25(OH)2D3 had a greater effect on male cells. These results suggest that successful osseointegration in males and females may depend on the implant surface design and correct levels of calciotropic hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Claassen H, Schicht M, Brandt J, Reuse K, Schädlich R, Goldring MB, Guddat SS, Thate A, Paulsen F. C-28/I2 and T/C-28a2 chondrocytes as well as human primary articular chondrocytes express sex hormone and insulin receptors--Useful cells in study of cartilage metabolism. Ann Anat 2010; 193:23-9. [PMID: 20971625 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormones and insulin have been implicated in articular cartilage metabolism. To supplement previous findings on the regulation of matrix synthesis with 17β-estradiol and insulin and to find a possible model to study cartilage metabolism in vitro, we evaluated the expression of estrogen receptors α and β (ERα, ERβ), androgen receptor (AR) and insulin receptor (IR), in immortalized C-28/I2 and T/C-28a2 chondrocytes and in human primary articular cartilage cells. Chondrocytes were treated with increasing concentrations of 17β-estradiol, dihydrotestosterone or insulin and analyzed by means of RT-PCR and Western blotting. Both cell lines as well as human articular chondrocytes expressed ER α and β, AR and IR at mRNA and protein levels. In immortalized C-28/I2 chondrocytes, we showed that increasing concentrations of 17β-estradiol diminished the 95kDa band of IR. Since 17β-estradiol suppresses insulin-induced proline incorporation and type II collagen synthesis, as we have previously demonstrated, our findings give the first clue that 17β-estradiol may have negative effects on cartilage anabolism triggered by insulin during hormonal imbalance. Compared to chondrocytes cultured without hormones, immunostaining for ERα/β, AR and IR was decreased in both cell lines after incubation of cells with the receptor-specific hormones. It can be assumed that C-28/I2 and T/C-28a2 chondrocytes interact with the respective hormones. Our findings provide a reproducible model for investigating sex hormone and insulin receptors, which are present in low concentrations in articular chondrocytes, in the tissue-specific context of cartilage metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst Claassen
- Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Große Steinstraße 52, D-06097 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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17β-estradiol reduces expression of MMP-1, -3, and -13 in human primary articular chondrocytes from female patients cultured in a three dimensional alginate system. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 342:283-93. [PMID: 20941509 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-1062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinical observations have suggested a relationship between osteoarthritis and a changed sex-hormone metabolism, especially in menopausal women. This study analyzes the effect of 17β-estradiol on expression of matrix metalloproteinases-1, -3, -13 (MMP-1, -3, -13) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1, -2 (TIMP-1, -2) in articular chondrocytes. An imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) specialized on degradation of articular cartilage matrix over the respective inhibitors of these enzymes (TIMPs) that leads to matrix destruction was postulated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Primary human articular chondrocytes from patients of both genders were cultured in alginate beads at 5% O(2) to which 10(-11)M-10(-5)M 17β-estradiol had been added and analyzed by means of immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry and real-time RT-PCR. Since articular chondrocytes in vivo are adapted to a low oxygen tension, culture was performed at 5% O(2). Immunohistochemical staining in articular cartilage tissue from patients and immunocytochemical staining in articular chondrocytes cultured in alginate beads was positive for type II collagen, estrogen receptor α, MMP-1, and -13. It was negative for type I collagen, MMP-3, TIMP-1 and -2. Using real-time RT-PCR, it was demonstrated that physiological and supraphysiological doses of 17β-estradiol suppress mRNA levels of MMP-3 and -13 significantly in articular chondrocytes of female patients. A significant suppressing effect was also seen in MMP-1 mRNA after a high dose of 10(-5)M 17β-estradiol. Furthermore, high doses of this hormone led to tendentially lower TIMP-1 levels whereas the TIMP-2 mRNA level was not influenced. In male patients, only incubations with high doses (10(-5)M) of 17β-estradiol were followed by a tendency to suppressed MMP-1 and TIMP-1 levels while TIMP-2 mRNA level was decreased significantly. There was no effect on MMP-13 expression of cells from male patients. Taken together, application of 17β-estradiol in physiological doses will improve the imbalance between the amounts of MMPs and TIMPs in articular chondrocytes from female patients. Downregulation of TIMP-2 by 17β-estradiol in male patients would not be articular cartilage protective.
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Gao W, Zeng C, Cai D, Liu B, Li Y, Wen X, Chen Y. Serum concentrations of selected endogenous estrogen and estrogen metabolites in pre- and post-menopausal Chinese women with osteoarthritis. J Endocrinol Invest 2010; 33:644-9. [PMID: 20339312 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether serum levels of selected endogenous estrogens and their metabolites are involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis in pre- and post-menopausal women with osteoarthritis. Sixty-four patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, 48 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of the knee, and 48 healthy women were included in this study. Serum concentrations of estradiol and estrogen metabolites, such as 2- hydroxyestrone, 2-hydroxyestradiol, and 16α-hydroxyestrone, were measured by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our results show that the serum concentrations of free estradiol and total 2-hydroxyestrone were significantly lower in pre-menopausal women with OA compared to the levels detected in the control groups (RA and healthy women). While serum concentrations of free and total estradiol in post-menopausal women with OA was significantly decreased compared to those of the control groups, the level of total 2-hydroxyestradiol significantly increased in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, the total 2-hydroxyestrone concentration positively correlated with the total estradiol level in pre-menopausal women with OA. In addition, the total 2- hydroxyestradiol level positively correlated with free and total estradiol levels in post-menopausal women with OA. In conclusion, estradiol and estrogen metabolites, including 2-hydroxyestrone and 2-hydroxyestradiol, were found in the sera of pre- and post-menopausal women with OA. Except for free and total estradiol deficiency, a decreased serum level of total 2- hydroxyestrone in pre-menopausal women and an increased total 2-hydroxyestradiol level in post-menopausal women with OA may also correlate with the pathogenesis of female OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tian He District, No. 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Common variations in estrogen-related genes are associated with severe large-joint osteoarthritis: a multicenter genetic and functional study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:927-33. [PMID: 20417295 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several lines of evidence suggest that estrogens influence the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to explore the association of two common polymorphisms within the aromatase (CYP19A1) and estrogen receptor (ER) alpha (ESR1) genes with severe OA of the lower limbs. METHODS The rs1062033 (CYP19A1) and rs2234693 (ESR1) single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in 5528 individuals (3147 patients with severe hip or knee OA, and 2381 controls) from four centres in Spain and the United Kingdom. Gene expression was measured in femoral bone samples from a group of patients. RESULTS In the global analysis, both polymorphisms were associated with OA, but there was a significant sex interaction. The GG genotype at rs1062033 was associated with an increased risk of knee OA in women [odds ratio (OR) 1.23; P=0.04]. The CC genotype at rs2234693 tended to be associated with reduced OA risk in women (OR 0.76, P=0.028, for knee OA; OR=0.84, P=0.076 for hip OA), but with increased risk of hip OA in men (OR 1.28; P=0.029). Women with unfavourable genotypes at both loci had an OR of 1.61 for knee OA (P=0.006). The rs1062033 genotype associated with higher OA risk was also associated with reduced expression of the aromatase gene in bone. CONCLUSIONS Common genetic variations of the aromatase and ER genes are associated with the risk of severe OA of the large joints of the lower limb in a sex-specific manner. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that estrogen activity may influence the development of large-joint OA.
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Bairey Merz CN, Mark S, Boyan BD, Jacobs AK, Shah PK, Shaw LJ, Taylor D, Marbán E. Proceedings from the scientific symposium: Sex differences in cardiovascular disease and implications for therapies. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2010; 19:1059-72. [PMID: 20500123 PMCID: PMC2940456 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2009.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A consortium of investigator-thought leaders was convened at the Heart Institute at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and produced the following summary points: POINT 1: Important sex differences exist in cardiovascular disease (CVD) that affect disease initiation, diagnosis, and treatment. IMPLICATION Research that acknowledges these differences is needed to optimize outcomes in women and men. POINT 2: Atherosclerosis is qualitatively and quantitatively different in women and men; women demonstrate more plaque erosion and more diffuse plaque with less focal artery lumen intrusion. IMPLICATION Evaluation of CVD strategies that include devices should be used to explore differing anatomical shapes and surfaces as well as differing drug coating and eluting strategies. POINT 3: Bone marrow progenitor cells (PCs) engraft differently based on the sex of the donor cell and the sex of the recipient. IMPLICATION PC therapeutic studies need to consider the sex of cells of the source and the recipient. POINT 4: Women have a greater risk of venous but not arterial thrombosis compared with men, as well as more bleeding complications related to anticoagulant treatment. Several genes coding for proteins involved in hemostasis are regulated by sex hormones. IMPLICATIONS Research should be aimed at evaluation of sex-based differences in response to anticoagulation based on genotype. POINT 5: Women and men can have differences in pharmacological response. IMPLICATION Sex-specific pharmacogenomic studies should be included in pharmacological development. POINT 6: CVD progression results from an imbalance of cell injury and repair in part due to insufficient PC repair, which is affected by sex differences, where females have higher circulating levels of PCs with greater rates of tissue repair. IMPLICATION CVD regenerative strategies should be directed at learning to deliver cells that shift the recipient balance from injury toward repair. CVD repair strategies should ideally be tested first in females to have the best chance of success for proof-of-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Noel Bairey Merz
- Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 444 S. San Vincente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Koelling S, Miosge N. Sex differences of chondrogenic progenitor cells in late stages of osteoarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:1077-87. [PMID: 20131243 DOI: 10.1002/art.27311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA), a mainly degenerative disease, is known to be multifactorial in origin. Gene expression patterns vary between populations and sexes. Sex hormone receptors have been described in the cartilage tissue of animals and humans. We undertook this study to determine whether the regenerative potential of chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPCs) present in the arthritic tissue during the late stages of human OA might also be subject to sex-specific differences and influenced by sex steroids. METHODS We analyzed sex-specific differences in the regenerative potential of CPCs and the involvement of sex hormones in vitro in cartilage samples from patients with late-stage knee OA, using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, microarray analysis, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and cell culture. RESULTS We detected expression of estrogen and testosterone in the OA synovial fluid as well as CPCs positive for estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha), ERbeta, and androgen receptor. Both hormones influenced the expression of all 3 receptor genes as well as the chondrogenic potential of CPCs by regulating gene expression of Sox9, Runx2, type II collagen, and type I collagen. We found regulatory effects on the collagens via Sox9 and Runx2 as well as regulatory effects independent of these transcription factors. These effects were sex-specific and relied on hormone concentrations. CONCLUSION Physiologic concentrations of testosterone in men and premenopausal concentrations of estrogen in women have a positive effect on the chondrogenic potential of CPCs in vitro. Therefore, strategies of hormone replacement in the synovial fluid of women and men might have beneficial effects on the regenerative potential of arthritic cartilage tissue in late stages of human OA.
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Sniekers YH, van Osch GJVM, Jahr H, Weinans H, van Leeuwen JPTM. Estrogen modulates iodoacetate-induced gene expression in bovine cartilage explants. J Orthop Res 2010; 28:607-15. [PMID: 19953602 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen loss may be involved in onset or progression of osteoarthritis. Estrogen receptors are present in chondrocytes, thus estrogen may exert effects directly on cartilage. However, studies on direct estrogen effects on cartilage are limited. We investigated, in an in vitro cartilage explant model, whether estrogen prevents damage or stimulates repair after damage induced by addition of iodoacetate (IA), as an experimental model for osteoarthritis. We used healthy bovine cartilage explants. Prevention experiment: Explants precultured with/without estradiol (E) for 3 days were cultured with IA for 4 h on day 0, and subsequently cultured as in preculture: with/without E. Explants were harvested at day 2 for gene expression analysis. Repair experiment: At day 0, explants were cultured with IA for 4 h on day 0, and subsequently cultured without E or with E. Explants were harvested at days 2, 10, and 14 for gene expression analysis. IA transiently downregulated most genes tested, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was upregulated on day 2. On day 14, transforming growth factor beta (TGFB)1 and TGFB3 were upregulated, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)13 and VEGF downregulated. Estradiol affected gene expression of aggrecan (AGC)1, MMP2, MMP14, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)2, TGFB2, and TGFB3. Prevention experiment: Estradiol did not significantly affect IA-induced changes in gene expression (no significant interaction). Repair experiment: Estradiol affected IA-induced changes in expression of collagen (COL)2, MMP2, MMP3, MMP13, MMP14, TIMP2, TGFB2, TGFB3, and VEGF. Estradiol affects expression of anabolic and catabolic genes in bovine cartilage explants and modulates the effects of IA. These effects of estradiol may be beneficial for cartilage maintenance and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne H Sniekers
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Sniekers YH, van Osch GJVM, Ederveen AGH, Inzunza J, Gustafsson JA, van Leeuwen JPTM, Weinans H. Development of osteoarthritic features in estrogen receptor knockout mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17:1356-61. [PMID: 19410028 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 03/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estrogens are suggested to play a role in the development of osteoarthritis as indicated by the increased prevalence in women after menopause. We studied whether deletion of the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha, beta, or both in female mice results in cartilage damage, osteophytosis, and changes in subchondral bone of skeletally mature animals. METHODS We studied knee joints of 6-month-old female ERalpha-/-, ERbeta-/-, and (double) ERalpha-/-beta-/- mice and their wild type (wt) littermates. The presence and size of osteophytes and osteoarthritic changes in cartilage were analyzed using histology. Changes in subchondral plate and trabecular bone were studied using micro-CT. RESULTS In ERalpha-/-beta-/- mice, we observed an increase in number and/or size of osteophytes and thinning of the lateral subchondral plate. However, cartilage damage was not different from wt. In ERalpha-/- or ERbeta-/- mice, no significant differences in cartilage damage score, osteophyte formation, or subchondral plate thickness were found. The bone volume fraction of the epiphyseal trabecular bone was unchanged in ERalpha-/- mice, increased in ERbeta-/- mice, and decreased in ERalpha-/-beta-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that deletion of both ERs leads to increased osteophytosis, but deletion of one or both ERs does not lead to overt cartilage damage in 6-month-old mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Sniekers
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Roman-Blas JA, Castañeda S, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G. Osteoarthritis associated with estrogen deficiency. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:241. [PMID: 19804619 PMCID: PMC2787275 DOI: 10.1186/ar2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) affects all articular tissues and finally leads to joint failure. Although articular tissues have long been considered unresponsive to estrogens or their deficiency, there is now increasing evidence that estrogens influence the activity of joint tissues through complex molecular pathways that act at multiple levels. Indeed, we are only just beginning to understand the effects of estrogen deficiency on articular tissues during OA development and progression, as well as on the association between OA and osteoporosis. Estrogen replacement therapy and current selective estrogen receptor modulators have mixed effectiveness in preserving and/or restoring joint tissue in OA. Thus, a better understanding of how estrogen acts on joints and other tissues in OA will aid the development of specific and safe estrogen ligands as novel therapeutic agents targeting the OA joint as a whole organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Roman-Blas
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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Luo Q, Li SS, He C, He H, Yang L, Deng L. Pulse electromagnetic fields effects on serum E2 levels, chondrocyte apoptosis, and matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression in ovariectomized rats. Rheumatol Int 2008; 29:927-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-008-0782-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sniekers YH, Weinans H, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, van Leeuwen JPTM, van Osch GJVM. Animal models for osteoarthritis: the effect of ovariectomy and estrogen treatment - a systematic approach. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008; 16:533-41. [PMID: 18280756 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 01/06/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) increases dramatically in women after the age of 50. Animal models are used to study the effects of hormone depletion [by ovariectomy (OVX)] and estrogen treatment on OA. This review summarizes these animal studies, in order to get a better insight in the role of hormones on OA. METHOD The literature was systematically reviewed until May 2007. The results were divided into two parts: the effect of OVX on cartilage, and the effect of estrogen treatment on cartilage. Only studies with an appropriate control group (e.g., sham-operated) were included. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Eleven out of 16 animal studies showed that OVX resulted in cartilage damage. When only studies using sexually mature animals were included, we saw that 11 out of 14 studies showed a detrimental effect, indicating considerable evidence for a relation between cartilage degeneration and OVX in mature animals. The effect of estrogen treatment was inconclusive with only 11 out of 22 animal studies reporting a beneficial effect on cartilage, whereas all six studies administering selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) after OVX described protective effects. The discrepancy between the studies may be caused by the large variation in experimental set-up. We suggested a list of quality criteria for animal models since standardisation of design and outcome parameters of animal experiments may help to compare different studies and to gain better insight in the role of hormones in the osteoarthritic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Sniekers
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhong M, Wike L, Ryaby J, Carney D, Boyan B, Schwartz Z. Thrombin peptide TP508 prevents nitric oxide mediated apoptosis in chondrocytes in the endochondral developmental pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1783:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Revised: 10/12/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Corsi KA, Pollett JB, Phillippi JA, Usas A, Li G, Huard J. Osteogenic potential of postnatal skeletal muscle-derived stem cells is influenced by donor sex. J Bone Miner Res 2007; 22:1592-602. [PMID: 17605633 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.070702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study compared the osteogenic differentiation of F-MDSCs and M-MDSCs. Interestingly, M-MDSCs expressed osteogenic markers and underwent mineralization more readily than F-MDSCs; a characteristic likely caused by more osteoprogenitor cells within the M-MDSCs than the F-MDSCs and/or an accelerated osteogenic differentiation of M-MDSCs. INTRODUCTION Although therapies involving stem cells will require both female and male cells, few studies have investigated whether sex-related differences exist in their osteogenic potential. Here, we compared the osteogenic differentiation of female and male mouse skeletal muscle-derived stem cells (F- and M-MDSCs, respectively), a potential cell source for orthopedic tissue engineering. MATERIALS AND METHODS F- and M-MDSCs were stimulated with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)4, followed by quantification of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and expression of osteogenic genes. F- and M-MDSCs were also cultured as pellets in osteogenic medium to evaluate mineralization. Single cell-derived colonies of F- and M-MDSCs were stimulated with BMP4, stained for ALP, and scored as either Low ALP+ or High ALP+ to detect the presence of osteoprogenitor cells. F- and M-MDSCs were transduced with a BMP4 retrovirus (MDSC-BMP4 cells) and used for the pellet culture and single cell-derived colony formation assays. As well, F- and M-MDSC-BMP4 cells were implanted in the intramuscular pocket of sex-matched and sex-mismatched hosts, and bone formation was monitored radiographically. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS When stimulated with BMP4, both F- and M-MDSCs underwent osteogenic differentiation, although M-MDSCs had a significantly greater ALP activity and a larger increase in the expression of osteogenic genes than F-MDSCs. In the pellet culture assay, M-MDSCs showed greater mineralization than F-MDSCs. BMP4 stimulation of single cell-derived colonies from M-MDSCs showed higher levels of ALP than those from F-MDSCs. Similar results were obtained with the MDSC-BMP4 cells. In vivo, F-MDSC-BMP4 cells displayed variability in bone area and density, whereas M-MDSC-BMP4 cells showed a more consistent and denser ectopic bone formation. More bone formation was also seen in male hosts compared with female hosts, regardless of the sex of the implanted cells. These results suggest that M-MDSCs may contain more osteoprogenitor cells than F-MDSCs, which may have implications in the development of cellular therapies for bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin A Corsi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2582, USA
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Ma HL, Blanchet TJ, Peluso D, Hopkins B, Morris EA, Glasson SS. Osteoarthritis severity is sex dependent in a surgical mouse model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007; 15:695-700. [PMID: 17207643 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 11/18/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of sex hormones in cartilage degradation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA) in a murine model induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). DESIGN Accelerated OA development in mice was induced by transection of the menisco-tibial ligament, which anchors the medial meniscus to the tibial plateau. Intact male and female, and orchiectomized (ORX) male and ovariectomized (OVX) female mouse knee histology were compared for signs of OA following DMM. The effect of testosterone or estrogen addition in vivo was assessed in ORX males in the surgical OA model. RESULTS OA severity was markedly higher in males than females after DMM. OVX females developed significantly more severe OA than control females. ORX males developed significantly less severe OA than control males. When ORX male mice were supplemented with exogenous dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the severity of OA was restored to the level experienced by the control male mice. Hip cartilage from mice of both sexes demonstrated similar spontaneous and interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) induced proteoglycan (PG) release in vitro. DHT and 17-beta estradiol (E2) did not significantly alter the PG release pattern when supplemented to cartilage cultures of either sex. CONCLUSION Sex hormones play a critical role in the progression of OA in the murine DMM surgical model, with males having more severe OA than females. Intact females had more OA than OVX females, indicating that ovarian hormones decrease the severity of OA in the female mice. Male hormones, such as testosterone, exacerbate OA in male mice as demonstrated by the fact that ORX mice experienced less OA than intact males, and that addition of DHT to ORX males was able to counteract the effect of castration and re-establish severe OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-L Ma
- Wyeth, Women's Health and Musculoskeletal Biology, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
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