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Wang KD, Ding X, Jiang N, Zeng C, Wu J, Cai XY, Hettinghouse A, Khleborodova A, Lei ZN, Chen ZS, Lei GH, Liu CJ. Digoxin targets low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 and protects against osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 81:544-555. [PMID: 34853001 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dysregulated chondrocyte metabolism is closely associated with the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Suppressing chondrocyte catabolism to restore cartilage homeostasis has been extensively explored, whereas far less effort has been invested toward enhancing chondrocyte anabolism. This study aimed to repurpose clinically approved drugs as potential stimulators of chondrocyte anabolism in treating OA. METHODS Screening of a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug library; Assays for examining the chondroprotective effects of digoxin in vitro; Assays for defining the therapeutic effects of digoxin using a surgically-induced OA model; A propensity-score matched cohort study using The Health Improvement Network to examine the relationship between digoxin use and the risk of joint OA-associated replacement among patients with atrial fibrillation; identification and characterisation of the binding of digoxin to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4); various assays, including use of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to delete LRP4 in human chondrocytes, for examining the dependence on LRP4 of digoxin regulation of chondrocytes. RESULTS Serial screenings led to the identification of ouabain and digoxin as stimulators of chondrocyte differentiation and anabolism. Ouabain and digoxin protected against OA and relieved OA-associated pain. The cohort study of 56 794 patients revealed that digoxin use was associated with reduced risk of OA-associated joint replacement. LRP4 was isolated as a novel target of digoxin, and deletion of LRP4 abolished digoxin's regulations of chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS These findings not only provide new insights into the understanding of digoxin's chondroprotective action and underlying mechanisms, but also present new evidence for repurposing digoxin for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-di Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiang Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xian-Yi Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aubryanna Hettinghouse
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Asya Khleborodova
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Guang-Hua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chuan-Ju Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA .,Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Molfetta L, Casabella A, Rosini S, Saviola G, Palermo A. Role of the osteochondral unit in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: focus on the potential use of clodronate. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2021; 18:2-11. [PMID: 34615451 DOI: 10.2174/1573397117666211006094117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation and progressive deterioration of the joint. The etiology of OA includes genetic, phlogistic, dismetabolic and mechanical factors. Historically, cartilage was considered the target of the disease and therapy was aimed at protecting and lubricating the articular cartilage. The osteochondral unit is composed of articular cartilage, calcified cartilage, and subchondral and trabecular bone, which work synergistically to support the functional loading of the joint. Numerous studies today show that OA involves the osteochondral unit, with the participation therefore of the bone in the starting and progression of the disease, which is associated with chondropathy. Cytokines involved in the process leading to cartilage damage are also mediators of subchondral bone edema. Therefore, OA therapy must be based on the use of painkillers and bisphosphonates for both the control of osteometabolic damage and its analgesic activity. Monitoring of the disease of the osteochondral unit must be extensive, since bone marrow edema can be considered as a marker of the evolution of OA. In the present review we discuss some of the pathogenetic mechanisms associated with osteoarthritis, with particular focus on the osteochondral unit and the use of clodronate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Molfetta
- DISC Department of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic science, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa. Italy
| | - Andrea Casabella
- DiMI Department of Internal Medicine Osteoporosis, Bone and Joint Disease Research Center, CROPO, Geno. Italy
| | | | - Gianantonio Saviola
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Unit of the Institute of Castel Goffredo, Mantua. Italy
| | - Andrea Palermo
- IRCCS Auxologico Italian Institute - 3 Unit of Orthopaedic Surgery - Capitanio Hospital, Milan. Italy
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3
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Thorup AS, Strachan D, Caxaria S, Poulet B, Thomas BL, Eldridge SE, Nalesso G, Whiteford JR, Pitzalis C, Aigner T, Corder R, Bertrand J, Dell'Accio F. ROR2 blockade as a therapy for osteoarthritis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/561/eaax3063. [PMID: 32938794 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is characterized by the loss of the articular cartilage, bone remodeling, pain, and disability. No pharmacological intervention can currently halt progression of osteoarthritis. Here, we show that blocking receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2) improves cartilage integrity and pain in osteoarthritis models by inhibiting yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling. ROR2 was up-regulated in the cartilage in response to inflammatory cytokines and mechanical stress. The main ligand for ROR2, WNT5A, and the targets YAP and connective tissue growth factor were up-regulated in osteoarthritis in humans. In vitro, ROR2 overexpression inhibited chondrocytic differentiation. Conversely, ROR2 blockade triggered chondrogenic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells and suppressed the expression of the cartilage-degrading enzymes a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4 and ADAMTS-5. The chondrogenic effect of ROR2 blockade in the cartilage was independent of WNT signaling and was mediated by down-regulation of YAP signaling. ROR2 signaling induced G protein and Rho-dependent nuclear accumulation of YAP, and YAP inhibition was required but not sufficient for ROR2 blockade-induced chondrogenesis. ROR2 silencing protected mice from instability-induced osteoarthritis with improved structural outcomes, sustained pain relief, and without apparent side effects or organ toxicity. Last, ROR2 silencing in human articular chondrocytes transplanted in nude mice led to the formation of cartilage organoids with more and better differentiated extracellular matrix, suggesting that the anabolic effect of ROR2 blockade is conserved in humans. Thus, ROR2 blockade is efficacious and well tolerated in preclinical animal models of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Thorup
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Danielle Strachan
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sara Caxaria
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Blandine Poulet
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Bethan L Thomas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Suzanne E Eldridge
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Giovanna Nalesso
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK
| | - James R Whiteford
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Thomas Aigner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Center Coburg, Ketschendorferstrasse 33, 96450 Coburg, Germany
| | - Roger Corder
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jessica Bertrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Dell'Accio
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Fernández-Torres J, Zamudio-Cuevas Y, López-Reyes A, Garrido-Rodríguez D, Martínez-Flores K, Lozada CA, Muñóz-Valle JF, Oregon-Romero E, Martínez-Nava GA. Gene-gene interactions of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in knee osteoarthritis. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1089-1098. [PMID: 30083988 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and its interactions are involved in the development of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Patients with KOA (n = 131) and healthy individuals (n = 190) with different ancestry from two Mexican populations (Mexico City and Guadalajara City) were analyzed. Twenty-five SNPs from thirteen genes (WISP1, DKK1, SOST, FRZB, LRP1, LRP4, LRP5, LRP6, GSKB, ADAMTS5, GDF5, FMN2 and COL11A1) involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were genotyped. Genetic and allelic frequencies and gene-gene interactions were performed for this study. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI and admixture, significant associations were found for five SNPs in Mexico City: LRP6 rs12314259 (G/G genotype OR 0.22, P = 0.029; and G allele OR 0.48, P = 0.022), SOST rs851054 (C/T genotype OR 0.42, P = 0.027; and T allele OR 0.62, P = 0.026), FMN2 rs986690 (G/A genotype OR 0.42, P = 0.034; and A allele OR 0.50, P = 0.015), FRZB rs409238 (A/G genotype, OR 2.41, P = 0.022), and COL11A1 rs2615977 (A/C genotype OR 2.39, P = 0.024); no associations for Guadalajara City were found. With respect to gene-gene interactions, the pairwise interactions of WISP1-COL11A1, COL11A1-FRZB, FRZB-SOST and WISP1-FMN2 make it possible to visualize the synergistic or antagonistic effect of their genotypes or alleles in both populations. These results suggest that gene-gene interactions in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway play a role in the etiology of KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Torres
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yessica Zamudio-Cuevas
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto López-Reyes
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniela Garrido-Rodríguez
- Center for Research in Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Calz de Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Belisario Domínguez Sección 16, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karina Martínez-Flores
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Lozada
- Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases Division, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñóz-Valle
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Edith Oregon-Romero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, C.P. 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Angélica Martínez-Nava
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Calzada Mexico-Xochimilco 289, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389, Mexico City, Mexico.
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5
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Yang T, Williams BO. Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Proteins in Skeletal Development and Disease. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1211-1228. [PMID: 28615463 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) provided a foundation for subsequent studies in lipoprotein metabolism, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and many other fundamental biological functions. The importance of the LDLR led to numerous studies that identified homologous molecules and ultimately resulted in the description of the LDL-receptor superfamily, a group of proteins that contain domains also found in the LDLR. Subsequent studies have revealed that members of the LDLR-related protein family play roles in regulating many aspects of signal transduction. This review is focused on the roles of selected members of this protein family in skeletal development and disease. We present background on the identification of this subgroup of receptors, discuss the phenotypes associated with alterations in their function in human patients and mouse models, and describe the current efforts to therapeutically target these proteins to treat human skeletal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Bart O Williams
- Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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6
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Dell'Isola A, Allan R, Smith SL, Marreiros SSP, Steultjens M. Identification of clinical phenotypes in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of the literature. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:425. [PMID: 27733199 PMCID: PMC5062907 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a heterogeneous pathology characterized by a complex and multifactorial nature. It has been hypothesised that these differences are due to the existence of underlying phenotypes representing different mechanisms of the disease. Methods The aim of this study is to identify the current evidence for the existence of groups of variables which point towards the existence of distinct clinical phenotypes in the KOA population. A systematic literature search in PubMed was conducted. Only original articles were selected if they aimed to identify phenotypes of patients aged 18 years or older with KOA. The methodological quality of the studies was independently assessed by two reviewers and qualitative synthesis of the evidence was performed. Strong evidence for existence of specific phenotypes was considered present if the phenotype was supported by at least two high-quality studies. Results A total of 24 studies were included. Through qualitative synthesis of evidence, six main sets of variables proposing the existence of six phenotypes were identified: 1) chronic pain in which central mechanisms (e.g. central sensitisation) are prominent; 2) inflammatory (high levels of inflammatory biomarkers); 3) metabolic syndrome (high prevalence of obesity, diabetes and other metabolic disturbances); 4) Bone and cartilage metabolism (alteration in local tissue metabolism); 5) mechanical overload characterised primarily by varus malalignment and medial compartment disease; and 6) minimal joint disease characterised as minor clinical symptoms with slow progression over time. Conclusions This study identified six distinct groups of variables which should be explored in attempts to better define clinical phenotypes in the KOA population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-016-1286-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dell'Isola
- Institute of Applied Health Research/School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK.
| | - R Allan
- Institute of Applied Health Research/School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
| | - S L Smith
- Institute of Applied Health Research/School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
| | - S S P Marreiros
- Institute of Applied Health Research/School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
| | - M Steultjens
- Institute of Applied Health Research/School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland, UK
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7
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Schumacher CA, Joiner DM, Less KD, Drewry MO, Williams BO. Characterization of genetically engineered mouse models carrying Col2a1-cre-induced deletions of Lrp5 and/or Lrp6. Bone Res 2016; 4:15042. [PMID: 26962465 PMCID: PMC4772748 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2015.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice carrying Collagen2a1-cre-mediated deletions of Lrp5 and/or Lrp6 were created and characterized. Mice lacking either gene alone were viable and fertile with normal knee morphology. Mice in which both Lrp5 and Lrp6 were conditionally ablated via Collagen2a1-cre-mediated deletion displayed severe defects in skeletal development during embryogenesis. In addition, adult mice carrying Collagen2a1-cre-mediated deletions of Lrp5 and/or Lrp6 displayed low bone mass suggesting that the Collagen2a1-cre transgene was active in cells that subsequently differentiated into osteoblasts. In both embryonic skeletal development and establishment of adult bone mass, Lrp5 and Lrp6 carry out redundant functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie A Schumacher
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids MI 49503, USA
| | - Danese M Joiner
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids MI 49503, USA
| | - Kennen D Less
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids MI 49503, USA
| | - Melissa Oosterhouse Drewry
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids MI 49503, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Van Andel Research Institute , Grand Rapids MI 49503, USA
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8
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Wnt signaling in cartilage development and diseases: lessons from animal studies. J Transl Med 2016; 96:186-96. [PMID: 26641070 PMCID: PMC4838282 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage not only plays essential roles in skeletal development and growth during pre- and postnatal stages but also serves to provide smooth movement of skeletons throughout life. Thus, dysfunction of cartilage causes a variety of skeletal disorders. Results from animal studies reveal that β-catenin-dependent canonical and independent non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways have multiple roles in regulation of cartilage development, growth, and maintenance. β-Catenin-dependent signaling is required for progression of endochondral ossification and growth of axial and appendicular skeletons, while excessive activation of this signaling can cause severe inhibition of initial cartilage formation and growth plate organization and function in mice. In contrast, non-canonical Wnt signaling is important in columnar organization of growth plate chondrocytes. Manipulation of Wnt signaling causes or ameliorates articular cartilage degeneration in rodent osteoarthritis models. Human genetic studies indicate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a risk factor for osteoarthritis. Accumulative findings from analysis of expression of Wnt signaling molecules and in vivo and in vitro functional experiments suggest that Wnt signaling is a therapeutic target for osteoarthritis. The target tissues of Wnt signaling may be not only articular cartilage but also synovium and subchondral bone.
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9
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Crespi BJ, Go MC. Diametrical diseases reflect evolutionary-genetic tradeoffs: Evidence from psychiatry, neurology, rheumatology, oncology and immunology. Evol Med Public Health 2015; 2015:216-53. [PMID: 26354001 PMCID: PMC4600345 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eov021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tradeoffs centrally mediate the expression of human adaptations. We propose that tradeoffs also influence the prevalence and forms of human maladaptation manifest in disease. By this logic, increased risk for one set of diseases commonly engenders decreased risk for another, diametric, set of diseases. We describe evidence for such diametric sets of diseases from epidemiological, genetic and molecular studies in four clinical domains: (i) psychiatry (autism vs psychotic-affective conditions), (ii) rheumatology (osteoarthritis vs osteoporosis), (iii) oncology and neurology (cancer vs neurodegenerative disorders) and (iv) immunology (autoimmunity vs infectious disease). Diametric disorders are important to recognize because genotypes or environmental factors that increase risk for one set of disorders protect from opposite disorders, thereby providing novel and direct insights into disease causes, prevention and therapy. Ascertaining the mechanisms that underlie disease-related tradeoffs should also indicate means of circumventing or alleviating them, and thus reducing the incidence and impacts of human disease in a more general way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew C Go
- Department of Biological Sciences; Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6 Present address: Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 109 Davenport Hall, 607 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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10
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Sharma AR, Chakraborty C, Lee SS, Sharma G, Yoon JK, George Priya Doss C, Song DK, Nam JS. Computational biophysical, biochemical, and evolutionary signature of human R-spondin family proteins, the member of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:974316. [PMID: 25276837 PMCID: PMC4172882 DOI: 10.1155/2014/974316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In human, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a significant role in cell growth, cell development, and disease pathogenesis. Four human (Rspo)s are known to activate canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Presently, (Rspo)s serve as therapeutic target for several human diseases. Henceforth, basic understanding about the molecular properties of (Rspo)s is essential. We approached this issue by interpreting the biochemical and biophysical properties along with molecular evolution of (Rspo)s thorough computational algorithm methods. Our analysis shows that signal peptide length is roughly similar in (Rspo)s family along with similarity in aa distribution pattern. In Rspo3, four N-glycosylation sites were noted. All members are hydrophilic in nature and showed alike GRAVY values, approximately. Conversely, Rspo3 contains the maximum positively charged residues while Rspo4 includes the lowest. Four highly aligned blocks were recorded through Gblocks. Phylogenetic analysis shows Rspo4 is being rooted with Rspo2 and similarly Rspo3 and Rspo1 have the common point of origin. Through phylogenomics study, we developed a phylogenetic tree of sixty proteins (n = 60) with the orthologs and paralogs seed sequences. Protein-protein network was also illustrated. Results demonstrated in our study may help the future researchers to unfold significant physiological and therapeutic properties of (Rspo)s in various disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 200704, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 200-704, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 200704, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Computer Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 200704, Republic of Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 200704, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyo Yoon
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medial Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - C. George Priya Doss
- Medical Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Dong-Keun Song
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 200704, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Suk Nam
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 200704, Republic of Korea
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11
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Bougault C, Priam S, Houard X, Pigenet A, Sudre L, Lories RJ, Jacques C, Berenbaum F. Protective role of frizzled-related protein B on matrix metalloproteinase induction in mouse chondrocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R137. [PMID: 24984954 PMCID: PMC4226985 DOI: 10.1186/ar4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our objective was to investigate whether a lack of frizzled-related protein B (FrzB), an extracellular antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathways, could enhance cartilage degradation by facilitating the expression, release and activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by chondrocytes in response to tissue-damaging stimuli. Methods Cartilage explants from FrzB−/− and wild-type mice were challenged by excessive dynamic compression (0.5 Hz and 1 MPa for 6 hours). Load-induced glycosaminoglycan (GAG) release and MMP enzymatic activity were assessed. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (10, 100 and 1000 pg/mL for 24 hours) was used to stimulate primary cultures of articular chondrocytes from FrzB−/− and wild-type mice. The expression and release of MMP-3 and −13 were determined by RT-PCR, western blot and ELISA. The accumulation of β-catenin was assessed by RT-PCR and western blot. Results Cartilage degradation, as revealed by a significant increase in GAG release (2.8-fold, P = 0.014) and MMP activity (4.5-fold, P = 0.014) by explants, was induced by an excessive load. Load-induced MMP activity appeared to be enhanced in FrzB−/− cartilage explants compared to wild-type (P = 0.17). IL-1β dose-dependently induced Mmp-13 and −3 gene expression and protein release by cultured chondrocytes. IL-1β-mediated increase in MMP-13 and −3 was slightly enhanced in FrzB−/− chondrocytes compared to wild-type (P = 0.05 and P = 0.10 at gene level, P = 0.17 and P = 0.10 at protein level, respectively). Analysis of Ctnn1b and Lef1 gene expression and β-catenin accumulation at protein level suggests that the enhanced catabolic response of FrzB−/− chondrocytes to IL-1β and load may be associated with an over-stimulation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions Our results suggest that FrzB may have a protective role on cartilage degradation and MMP induction in mouse chondrocytes by attenuating deleterious effects of the activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Lee DO, Kim H, Ku SY, Kim SH, Kim JG. Association between polymorphisms in sclerostin, dickkopfs and secreted frizzled-related protein genes and bone mineral density in postmenopausal Korean women. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2014; 77:186-93. [PMID: 24662300 DOI: 10.1159/000358389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in sclerostin (SOST), dickkopf (DKK), secreted frizzled-related protein (sFRP) genes and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal Korean women. METHODS The SOST, Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1), sFRP1,sFRP2,sFRP3, sFRP4, sFRP5, DKK1, DKK2 and DKK3 polymorphisms were analyzed in 399 postmenopausal Korean women. Serum levels of bone turnover markers were measured, and BMDs at the lumbar spine and femoral neck were also examined. RESULTS No significant differences in adjusted BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck were noted according to any single and combined polymorphisms measured in SOST, DKKs and sFRPs. However, osteoporosis at the femoral neck was 2.35 times more frequently observed in the AA genotype of the sFRP4 c.958C>A polymorphism compared to the non-AA genotype (95% CI 1.09-5.08, p = 0.03). Also, the CC genotype of the sFRP3 c.970C>G polymorphism had a higher rate of osteoporosis at the femoral neck compared to the GC genotype (OR 8.47, 95% CI 1.37-52.63, p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the sFRP3 c.970C>G and sFRP4 c.958C>A polymorphisms may be genetic factors associated with the prevalence of osteoporosis at the femoral neck in postmenopausal Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ock Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cancer Center, Koyang, Korea
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13
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Maupin KA, Droscha CJ, Williams BO. A Comprehensive Overview of Skeletal Phenotypes Associated with Alterations in Wnt/β-catenin Signaling in Humans and Mice. Bone Res 2013; 1:27-71. [PMID: 26273492 DOI: 10.4248/br201301004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway plays key roles in differentiation and development and alterations in this signaling pathway are causally associated with numerous human diseases. While several laboratories were examining roles for Wnt signaling in skeletal development during the 1990s, interest in the pathway rose exponentially when three key papers were published in 2001-2002. One report found that loss of the Wnt co-receptor, Low-density lipoprotein related protein-5 (LRP5), was the underlying genetic cause of the syndrome Osteoporosis pseudoglioma (OPPG). OPPG is characterized by early-onset osteoporosis causing increased susceptibility to debilitating fractures. Shortly thereafter, two groups reported that individuals carrying a specific point mutation in LRP5 (G171V) develop high-bone mass. Subsequent to this, the causative mechanisms for these observations heightened the need to understand the mechanisms by which Wnt signaling controlled bone development and homeostasis and encouraged significant investment from biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies to develop methods to activate Wnt signaling to increase bone mass to treat osteoporosis and other bone disease. In this review, we will briefly summarize the cellular mechanisms underlying Wnt signaling and discuss the observations related to OPPG and the high-bone mass disorders that heightened the appreciation of the role of Wnt signaling in normal bone development and homeostasis. We will then present a comprehensive overview of the core components of the pathway with an emphasis on the phenotypes associated with mice carrying genetically engineered mutations in these genes and clinical observations that further link alterations in the pathway to changes in human bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Maupin
- Program for Skeletal Pathobiology and Center for Tumor Metastasis, Van Andel Research Institute , 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Casey J Droscha
- Program for Skeletal Pathobiology and Center for Tumor Metastasis, Van Andel Research Institute , 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Program for Skeletal Pathobiology and Center for Tumor Metastasis, Van Andel Research Institute , 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
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Hardcastle SA, Gregson CL, Deere KC, Davey Smith G, Dieppe P, Tobias JH. High bone mass is associated with an increased prevalence of joint replacement: a case-control study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 52:1042-51. [PMID: 23362220 PMCID: PMC3651613 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Epidemiological studies have shown an association between OA and increased BMD. To explore the nature of this relationship, we examined whether the risk of OA is increased in individuals with high bone mass (HBM), in whom BMD is assumed to be elevated due to a primary genetic cause. Methods. A total of 335 115 DXA scans were screened to identify HBM index cases (defined by DXA scan as an L1 Z-score of ≥+3.2 and total hip Z-score ≥+1.2, or total hip Z-score ≥+3.2 and L1 Z-score ≥+1.2). In relatives, the definition of HBM was L1 Z-score plus total hip Z-score ≥+3.2. Controls comprised unaffected relatives and spouses. Clinical indicators of OA were determined by structured assessment. Analyses used logistic regression adjusting for age, gender, BMI and social deprivation. Results. A total of 353 HBM cases (mean age 61.7 years, 77% female) and 197 controls (mean age 54.1 years, 47% female) were included. Adjusted NSAID use was more prevalent in HBM cases versus controls [odds ratio (OR) 2.17 (95% CI 1.10, 4.28); P = 0.03]. The prevalence of joint replacement was higher in HBM cases (13.0%) than controls (4.1%), with an adjusted OR of 2.42 (95% CI 1.06, 5.56); P = 0.04. Adjusted prevalence of joint pain and knee crepitus did not differ between cases and controls. Conclusion. HBM is associated with increased prevalence of joint replacement surgery and NSAID use compared with unaffected controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Hardcastle
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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15
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Jin YR, Yoon JK. The R-spondin family of proteins: emerging regulators of WNT signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:2278-87. [PMID: 22982762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the R-spondin (RSPO) family of proteins has emerged as important regulators of WNT signaling. Considering the wide spectrum of WNT signaling functions in normal biological processes and disease conditions, there has been a significantly growing interest in understanding the functional roles of RSPOs in multiple biological processes and determining the molecular mechanisms by which RSPOs regulate the WNT signaling pathway. Recent advances in the RSPO research field revealed some of the in vivo functions of RSPOs and provided new information regarding the mechanistic roles of RSPO activity in regulation of WNT signaling. Herein, we review recent progress in RSPO research with an emphasis on signaling mechanisms and biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ri Jin
- Program in Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medial Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
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16
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Baker-LePain JC, Lane NE. Role of bone architecture and anatomy in osteoarthritis. Bone 2012; 51:197-203. [PMID: 22401752 PMCID: PMC3372683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
When considering the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), it is important to review the contribution of bone in addition to the contribution of cartilage and synovium. Although bone clearly plays a role in determining the distribution of biomechanical forces across joints, which in turn plays a role in the initiation of OA, it has also more recently been appreciated that bone may contribute in a biological sense to the pathogenesis of OA. Far from being a static structure, bone is a dynamic tissue undergoing constant remodeling, and it is clear from a number of radiographic and biochemical studies that bone and cartilage degradation occurs hand in hand. Whether the initial instigating event in OA occurs in cartilage or bone is not known, but it is clear that bony changes occur very early in the pathogenesis of OA and often predate radiographic appearance of the disease. This review focuses on the structural variants of both hip and knee that have been associated with OA and the ultrastructural bone changes in these sites occurring in early OA pathogenesis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Osteoarthritis".
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy E. Lane
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, Telephone: 916-734-0763, Fax: 916-734-4773
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17
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Baker-Lepain JC, Lynch JA, Parimi N, McCulloch CE, Nevitt MC, Corr M, Lane NE. Variant alleles of the Wnt antagonist FRZB are determinants of hip shape and modify the relationship between hip shape and osteoarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:1457-65. [PMID: 22544526 DOI: 10.1002/art.34526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FRZB gene are associated with hip shape, and to determine whether FRZB variant alleles affect the relationship between hip shape and radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip. METHODS A nested case-control study of Caucasian women, age ≥65 years, from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures cohort was performed. Cases (n = 451) were defined as subjects with radiographic evidence of incident hip OA during followup, while controls (n = 601) were subjects in whom no radiographic hip OA was identified at baseline or followup. Statistical shape modeling (SSM) of the digitized hip radiographs was performed to assess the shape of the proximal femur, using 10 independent modes of shape variation generated by principal components analysis. In addition, center-edge angle and acetabular depth were assessed as geometric measurements of acetabular shape. The association of the rs288326 and rs7775 FRZB variant alleles with hip shape was analyzed using linear regression. The effect of these alleles on the relationship between hip shape and radiographic hip OA was analyzed using a logistic regression model with or without inclusion of interaction terms. RESULTS The rs288326 and rs7775 alleles were associated with the shape of the proximal femur (SSM mode 2). There was a significant interaction between the rs288326 SNP and proximal femur shape (SSM mode 2) in predicting radiographic hip OA (P for interaction = 0.022). Among subjects with the rs288326 variant allele, there was an increased likelihood of radiographic hip OA in association with increasing quartiles of proximal femur shape mode 2 (for the fourth quartile of mode 2, odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.15, 5.25; P for linear trend = 0.02). CONCLUSION The rs288326 and rs7775 FRZB SNPs are associated with the shape of the proximal femur. The presence of the rs288326 SNP alters the relationship between proximal femur shape and incident radiographic hip OA. These findings suggest that FRZB may serve an important role in determining hip shape and may modify the relationship between hip shape and OA.
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Staines KA, Macrae VE, Farquharson C. Cartilage development and degeneration: a Wnt Wnt situation. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 30:633-42. [PMID: 22714865 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the development and homeostasis of a variety of adult tissues and, as such, is emerging as an important therapeutic target for numerous diseases. Factors involved in the Wnt pathway are expressed throughout limb development and chondrogenesis and have been shown to be critical in joint homeostasis and endochondral ossification. Therefore, in this review, we discuss Wnt regulation of chondrogenic differentiation, hypertrophy and cartilage function. Moreover, we detail the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in cartilage degeneration and its potential to act as a target for therapy in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Ann Staines
- The Roslin Institute and Royal-Dick School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland.
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19
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Keam BS, Hwang JY, Go MJ, Heo JY, Park MS, Lee JY, Kim NH, Park M, Oh JH, Kim DH, Jeong JY, Lee JY, Han BG, Lee JY. Genome-wide Association Study Identified TIMP2 Genetic Variant with Susceptibility to Osteoarthritis. Genomics Inform 2011. [DOI: 10.5808/gi.2011.9.3.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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20
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21
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Kerkhof HJ, Meulenbelt I, Akune T, Arden NK, Aromaa A, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Carr A, Cooper C, Dai J, Doherty M, Doherty SA, Felson D, Gonzalez A, Gordon A, Harilainen A, Hart DJ, Hauksson VB, Heliovaara M, Hofman A, Ikegawa S, Ingvarsson T, Jiang Q, Jonsson H, Jonsdottir I, Kawaguchi H, Kloppenburg M, Kujala UM, Lane NE, Leino-Arjas P, Lohmander S, Luyten FP, Malizos KN, Nakajima M, Nevitt MC, Pols HA, Rivadeneira F, Shi D, Slagboom E, Spector TD, Stefansson K, Sudo A, Tamm A, Tamm AE, Tsezou A, Uchida A, Uitterlinden AG, Wilkinson JM, Yoshimura N, Valdes AM, van Meurs JB. Recommendations for standardization and phenotype definitions in genetic studies of osteoarthritis: the TREAT-OA consortium. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2011; 19:254-64. [PMID: 21059398 PMCID: PMC3236091 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To address the need for standardization of osteoarthritis (OA) phenotypes by examining the effect of heterogeneity among symptomatic (SOA) and radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA) phenotypes. METHODS Descriptions of OA phenotypes of the 28 studies involved in the TREAT-OA consortium were collected. We investigated whether different OA definitions result in different association results by creating various hip OA definitions in one large population based cohort (the Rotterdam Study I (RSI)) and testing those for association with gender, age and body mass index using one-way ANOVA. For ROA, we standardized the hip-, knee- and hand ROA definitions and calculated prevalence's of ROA before and after standardization in nine cohort studies. This procedure could only be performed in cohort studies and standardization of SOA definitions was not feasible at this moment. RESULTS In this consortium, all studies with SOA phenotypes (knee, hip and hand) used a different definition and/or assessment of OA status. For knee-, hip- and hand ROA five, four and seven different definitions were used, respectively. Different hip ROA definitions do lead to different association results. For example, we showed in the RSI that hip OA defined as "at least definite joint space narrowing (JSN) and one definite osteophyte" was not associated with gender (P =0.22), but defined as "at least one definite osteophyte" was significantly associated with gender (P=3×10(-9)). Therefore, a standardization process was undertaken for ROA definitions. Before standardization a wide range of ROA prevalence's was observed in the nine cohorts studied. After standardization the range in prevalence of knee- and hip ROA was small. CONCLUSION Phenotype definitions influence the prevalence of OA and association with clinical variables. ROA phenotypes within the TREAT-OA consortium were standardized to reduce heterogeneity and improve power in future genetics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke J.M. Kerkhof
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Rotterdam/Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Rotterdam/Leiden, the Netherlands,Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Toru Akune
- Department of Clinical Motor System Medicine, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nigel K. Arden
- MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom,NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford England Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Arpo Aromaa
- The National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Andrew Carr
- NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford England Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom,NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford England Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jin Dai
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Nanjing DrumTower Hospital, The affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Michael Doherty
- Academic Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital Hucknall Road, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sally A. Doherty
- Academic Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital Hucknall Road, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Felson
- Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Laboratorio Investigacion and Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Clinico Universitario Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrew Gordon
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom,Sheffield NIHR Bone Biomedical research Unit, Centre for Biomedical Research, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Arsi Harilainen
- ORTON Orthopedic Hospital, Invalid Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Deborah J. Hart
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Markku Heliovaara
- The National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Albert Hofman
- The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Rotterdam/Leiden, the Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Japan
| | - Thorvaldur Ingvarsson
- FSA University Hospital, Institution of Health Science, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Qing Jiang
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Nanjing DrumTower Hospital, The affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Helgi Jonsson
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland,Department of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hiroshi Kawaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Urho M. Kujala
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Nancy E. Lane
- University of California at San Francisco and University of California at Davis, Sacramento, United States of America
| | | | - Stefan Lohmander
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Frank P. Luyten
- Laboratory for Skeletal Development and Joint Disorders, Division of Rheumatology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Masahiro Nakajima
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Japan
| | - Michael C. Nevitt
- University of California at San Francisco and University of California at Davis, Sacramento, United States of America
| | - Huibert A.P. Pols
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Rotterdam/Leiden, the Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dongquan Shi
- Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Nanjing DrumTower Hospital, The affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Eline Slagboom
- The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Rotterdam/Leiden, the Netherlands,Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland,Department of Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Akihiro Sudo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Agu Tamm
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ann E. Tamm
- Department of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Univerity of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aspasia Tsezou
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Atsumasa Uchida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Rotterdam/Leiden, the Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeremy Mark Wilkinson
- Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, Department of Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom,Sheffield NIHR Bone Biomedical research Unit, Centre for Biomedical Research, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Noriko Yoshimura
- Department of Joint Disease Research, 22nd Century Medical and Research Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ana M. Valdes
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St. Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joyce B.J. van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Rotterdam/Leiden, the Netherlands
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Evangelou E, Valdes AM, Kerkhof HJM, Styrkarsdottir U, Zhu Y, Meulenbelt I, Lories RJ, Karassa FB, Tylzanowski P, Bos SD, Akune T, Arden NK, Carr A, Chapman K, Cupples LA, Dai J, Deloukas P, Doherty M, Doherty S, Engstrom G, Gonzalez A, Halldorsson BV, Hammond CL, Hart DJ, Helgadottir H, Hofman A, Ikegawa S, Ingvarsson T, Jiang Q, Jonsson H, Kaprio J, Kawaguchi H, Kisand K, Kloppenburg M, Kujala UM, Lohmander LS, Loughlin J, Luyten FP, Mabuchi A, McCaskie A, Nakajima M, Nilsson PM, Nishida N, Ollier WER, Panoutsopoulou K, van de Putte T, Ralston SH, Rivadeneira F, Saarela J, Schulte-Merker S, Shi D, Slagboom PE, Sudo A, Tamm A, Tamm A, Thorleifsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Tsezou A, Wallis GA, Wilkinson JM, Yoshimura N, Zeggini E, Zhai G, Zhang F, Jonsdottir I, Uitterlinden AG, Felson DT, van Meurs JB, Stefansson K, Ioannidis JPA, Spector TD. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies confirms a susceptibility locus for knee osteoarthritis on chromosome 7q22. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70:349-55. [PMID: 21068099 PMCID: PMC3615180 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.132787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis and accounts for substantial morbidity and disability, particularly in older people. It is characterised by changes in joint structure, including degeneration of the articular cartilage, and its aetiology is multifactorial with a strong postulated genetic component. METHODS A meta-analysis was performed of four genome-wide association (GWA) studies of 2371 cases of knee OA and 35 909 controls in Caucasian populations. Replication of the top hits was attempted with data from 10 additional replication datasets. RESULTS With a cumulative sample size of 6709 cases and 44 439 controls, one genome-wide significant locus was identified on chromosome 7q22 for knee OA (rs4730250, p=9.2 × 10⁻⁹), thereby confirming its role as a susceptibility locus for OA. CONCLUSION The associated signal is located within a large (500 kb) linkage disequilibrium block that contains six genes: PRKAR2B (protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, β), HPB1 (HMG-box transcription factor 1), COG5 (component of oligomeric golgi complex 5), GPR22 (G protein-coupled receptor 22), DUS4L (dihydrouridine synthase 4-like) and BCAP29 (B cell receptor-associated protein 29). Gene expression analyses of the (six) genes in primary cells derived from different joint tissues confirmed expression of all the genes in the joint environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
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Jacobs BJ, Verbruggen G, Kaufmann RA. Proximal interphalangeal joint arthritis. J Hand Surg Am 2010; 35:2107-16. [PMID: 20961704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Proximal interphalangeal joint function is critical for proper finger and hand function and arthritis of this joint can lead to considerable hand impairment. Proximal interphalangeal joint arthritides are broadly categorized into nonerosive and erosive osteoarthritis (OA), posttraumatic arthritis, and inflammatory arthritis. The nonerosive type is considered idiopathic or primary OA, whereas the erosive form exhibits an inflammatory component. Idiopathic or primary OA occurs as a consequence of abnormal mechanical stress that leads to damage of cartilage and subchondral bone, with subsequent cytokine and growth factor activation. Individual genetics then mediate the cellular responses. Although erosive OA is described as a separate entity, this remains controversial, with many suggesting that it is merely a more aggressive form of nonerosive, primary OA. Inflammatory OA occurs when connective tissues are diseased, allowing for normal use to incite arthritic damage. Treatment modalities for proximal interphalangeal joint arthritis are currently limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Jacobs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common cause of arthritis and represents an enormous healthcare burden in industrialized societies. Current therapeutic approaches for OA are limited and are insufficient to prevent the initiation and progression of the disease. Genetic studies of patients with OA can help to unravel the molecular mechanisms responsible for specific disease manifestations, including joint damage, nociception and chronic pain. Indeed, these studies have identified molecules, such as growth/differentiation factor 5, involved in signaling cascades that are important for the pathology of joint components. Genome-wide association studies have uncovered a likely role in OA for the genes encoding structural extracellular matrix components (such as DVWA) and molecules involved in prostaglandin metabolism (such as DQB1 and BTNL2). A ∼300 kilobase region in chromosome 7q22 is also associated with OA susceptibility. Finally, the identification of individuals at a high risk of OA and of total joint arthroplasty failure might be facilitated by the use of combinations of genetic markers, allowing for the application of preventive and disease-management strategies.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To present an updated summary of the relationship between joint shape and the development of osteoarthritis, with a particular focus on osteoarthritis of the hip. RECENT FINDINGS Osteoarthritis of the hip is highly heritable, with a genetic contribution estimated at 60%. Among the genes that have been linked to this disease are several that are involved in the development and maintenance of joint shape, including members of the Wingless (Wnt) and the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family. Several features of hip joint architecture, such as acetabular dysplasia, pistol grip deformity, wide femoral neck, altered femoral neck-shaft angle, appear to play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and may predate the development of osteoarthritis by decades. SUMMARY Gene-environment interactions play a crucial role in the development of osteoarthritis. The architecture of joint shape is determined by a complex sequence spanning embryonic, childhood, and adult life and contributes to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
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Weng LH, Wang CJ, Ko JY, Sun YC, Wang FS. Control of Dkk-1 ameliorates chondrocyte apoptosis, cartilage destruction, and subchondral bone deterioration in osteoarthritic knees. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:1393-402. [PMID: 20131282 DOI: 10.1002/art.27357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perturbation of Wnt signaling components reportedly regulates chondrocyte fate and joint disorders. The Wnt inhibitor Dkk-1 mediates remodeling of various tissue types. We undertook this study to examine whether control of Dkk-1 expression prevents joint deterioration in osteoarthritic (OA) knees. METHODS Anterior cruciate ligament transection-and collagenase-induced OA in rat knees was treated with end-capped phosphorothioate Dkk-1 antisense oligonucleotide (Dkk-1-AS). Articular cartilage destruction, cartilage degradation markers, bone mineral density (BMD), and subchondral trabecular bone volume of injured knee joints were measured using Mankin scoring, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, dual x-ray absorptiometry, and histomorphometry. Dkk-1-responsive molecule expression and apoptotic cells in knee tissue were detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and TUNEL staining. RESULTS Up-regulated Dkk-1 expression was associated with increased Mankin score and with increased serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) during OA development. Dkk-1-AS treatment alleviated OA-associated increases in Dkk-1 expression, Mankin score, cartilage fibrillation, and serum cartilage degradation markers. Dkk-1-AS also alleviated epiphyseal BMD loss and subchondral bone exposure associated with altered serum levels of osteocalcin and CTX-I. The treatment abrogated chondrocyte/osteoblast apoptosis and subchondral trabecular bone remodeling in OA. Dkk-1 knockdown increased levels of nuclear beta-catenin and phosphorylated Ser(473)-Akt but attenuated expression of inflammatory factors (Toll-like receptor 4 [TLR-4], TLR-9, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha), the apoptosis regulator Bax, matrix metalloproteinase 3, and RANKL in OA knee joints. CONCLUSION Interference with the cartilage- and bone-deleterious actions of Dkk-1 provides therapeutic potential for alleviating cartilage destruction and subchondral bone damage in OA knee joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Hsiu Weng
- Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Valdes AM, Spector TD. The clinical relevance of genetic susceptibility to osteoarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2010; 24:3-14. [PMID: 20129195 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a major musculoskeletal cause of disability in the elderly, but current therapeutic approaches are insufficient to prevent initiation and progression of the disease. Genetic studies in humans have identified molecules involved in signalling cascades that are important for the pathology of the joint components. These include the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling, the wingless-type signalling and the thyroid pathway as well as apoptotic-related molecules. There is emerging evidence indicating that inflammatory molecules related to cytokine production, prostaglandin and arachidonic acid metabolism are also involved in susceptibility to osteoarthritis. All of these pathways are likely targets for pharmacological intervention. Genetic variation also affects pain due to osteoarthritis highlighting molecular mechanisms for pain relief. Moreover, combinations of genetic markers can be used to identify individuals at high risk of osteoarthritis and risk of total joint arthroplasty failure, which should facilitate the application of preventive and disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Valdes
- Department of Twin Research, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, Kings College London School of Medicine, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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Velasco J, Zarrabeitia MT, Prieto JR, Perez-Castrillon JL, Perez-Aguilar MD, Perez-Nuñez MI, Sañudo C, Hernandez-Elena J, Calvo I, Ortiz F, Gonzalez-Macias J, Riancho JA. Wnt pathway genes in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis: differential expression and genetic association study. Osteoporos Int 2010; 21:109-18. [PMID: 19373426 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-0931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In comparison with hip fractures, increased expression of genes in the Wnt pathway and increased Wnt activity were found in bone samples and osteoblast cultures from patients with osteoarthritis, suggesting the involvement of this pathway in subchondral bone changes. No consistent differences were found in the genetic association study. INTRODUCTION This study aims to explore the allelic variations and expression of Wnt pathway genes in patients with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. METHODS The expression of 86 genes was studied in bone samples and osteoblast primary cultures from patients with hip fractures and hip or knee osteoarthritis. The Wnt-related activity was assessed by measuring AXIN2 and in transfection experiments. Fifty-five SNPs of the LRP5, LRP6, FRZB, and SOST genes were analyzed in 1,128 patients. RESULTS Several genes were differentially expressed in bone tissue, with the lowest values usually found in hip fracture and the highest in knee osteoarthritis. Overall, seven genes were consistently upregulated both in tissue samples and in cell cultures from patients with knee osteoarthritis (BCL9, FZD5, DVL2, EP300, FRZB, LRP5, and TCF7L1). The increased expression of AXIN2 and experiments of transient transfection of osteoblasts with the TOP-Flash construct confirmed the activation of Wnt signaling. Three SNPs of the LRP5 gene and one in the LRP6 gene showed marginally significant differences in allelic frequencies across the patient groups, but they did not resist multiple-test adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Genes in the Wnt pathway are upregulated in the osteoarthritic bone, suggesting their involvement not only in cartilage distortion but also in subchondral bone changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Velasco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital U M Valdecilla, IFIMAV, RETICEF, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Valdes AM. Molecular pathogenesis and genetics of osteoarthritis: implications for personalized medicine. Per Med 2010; 7:49-63. [DOI: 10.2217/pme.09.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Evangelou E, Chapman K, Meulenbelt I, Karassa FB, Loughlin J, Carr A, Doherty M, Doherty S, Gómez-Reino JJ, Gonzalez A, Halldorsson BV, Hauksson VB, Hofman A, Hart DJ, Ikegawa S, Ingvarsson T, Jiang Q, Jonsdottir I, Jonsson H, Kerkhof HJM, Kloppenburg M, Lane NE, Li J, Lories RJ, van Meurs JBJ, Näkki A, Nevitt MC, Rodriguez-Lopez J, Shi D, Slagboom PE, Stefansson K, Tsezou A, Wallis GA, Watson CM, Spector TD, Uitterlinden AG, Valdes AM, Ioannidis JPA. Large-scale analysis of association between GDF5 and FRZB variants and osteoarthritis of the hip, knee, and hand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:1710-21. [PMID: 19479880 DOI: 10.1002/art.24524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE GDF5 and FRZB have been proposed as genetic loci conferring susceptibility to osteoarthritis (OA); however, the results of several studies investigating the association of OA with the rs143383 polymorphism of the GDF5 gene or the rs7775 and rs288326 polymorphisms of the FRZB gene have been conflicting or inconclusive. To examine these associations, we performed a large-scale meta-analysis of individual-level data. METHODS Fourteen teams contributed data on polymorphisms and knee, hip, and hand OA. For rs143383, the total number of cases and controls, respectively, was 5,789 and 7,850 for hip OA, 5,085 and 8,135 for knee OA, and 4,040 and 4,792 for hand OA. For rs7775, the respective sample sizes were 4,352 and 10,843 for hip OA, 3,545 and 6,085 for knee OA, and 4,010 and 5,151 for hand OA, and for rs288326, they were 4,346 and 8,034 for hip OA, 3,595 and 6,106 for knee OA, and 3,982 and 5,152 for hand OA. For each individual study, sex-specific odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for each OA phenotype that had been investigated. The ORs for each phenotype were synthesized using both fixed-effects and random-effects models for allele-based effects, and also for haplotype effects for FRZB. RESULTS A significant random-effects summary OR for knee OA was demonstrated for rs143383 (1.15 [95% confidence interval 1.09-1.22]) (P=9.4x10(-7)), with no significant between-study heterogeneity. Estimates of effect sizes for hip and hand OA were similar, but a large between-study heterogeneity was observed, and statistical significance was borderline (for OA of the hip [P=0.016]) or absent (for OA of the hand [P=0.19]). Analyses for FRZB polymorphisms and haplotypes did not reveal any statistically significant signals, except for a borderline association of rs288326 with hip OA (P=0.019). CONCLUSION Evidence of an association between the GDF5 rs143383 polymorphism and OA is substantially strong, but the genetic effects are consistent across different populations only for knee OA. Findings of this collaborative analysis do not support the notion that FRZB rs7775 or rs288326 has any sizable genetic effect on OA phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis is often a progressive and disabling disease, which occurs in the setting of a variety of risk factors--such as advancing age, obesity, and trauma--that conspire to incite a cascade of pathophysiologic events within joint tissues. An important emerging theme in osteoarthritis is a broadening of focus from a disease of cartilage to one of the 'whole joint'. The synovium, bone, and cartilage are each involved in pathologic processes that lead to progressive joint degeneration. Additional themes that have emerged over the past decade are novel mechanisms of cartilage degradation and repair, the relationship between biomechanics and biochemical pathways, the importance of inflammation, and the role played by genetics. In this review we summarize current scientific understanding of osteoarthritis and examine the pathobiologic mechanisms that contribute to progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Abramson
- Division of Rheumatology, NYU School of Medicine, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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Luyten FP, Tylzanowski P, Lories RJ. Wnt signaling and osteoarthritis. Bone 2009; 44:522-7. [PMID: 19136083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common disease, clinically manifested by joint pain, swelling and progressive loss of function. The severity of disease manifestations can vary but most of the patients only need intermittent symptom relief without major interventions. However, there is a group of patients that shows fast progression of the disease process leading to disability and ultimately joint replacement. Apart from symptom relief, no treatments have been identified that arrest or reverse the disease process. Therefore, there has been increasing attention devoted to the understanding of the mechanisms that are driving the disease process. Among these mechanisms, the biology of the cartilage-subchondral bone unit has been highlighted as key in osteoarthritis, and pathways that involve both cartilage and bone formation and turnover have become prime targets for modulation, and thus therapeutic intervention. Studies in developmental, genetic and joint disease models indicate that Wnt signaling is critically involved in these processes. Consequently, targeting Wnt signaling in a selective and tissue specific manner is an exciting opportunity for the development of disease modifying drugs for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank P Luyten
- Laboratory of Skeletal Development and Joint Disorders, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Lodewyckx L, Lories RJU. WNT signaling in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis: What is the biological significance for the clinician? Curr Rheumatol Rep 2009; 11:23-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11926-009-0004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis in the elderly. A large body of evidence, including familial aggregation and classic twin studies, indicates that primary OA has a strong hereditary component that is likely polygenic in nature. Traits related to OA, such as longitudinal changes in cartilage volume and progression of radiographic features, are also under genetic control. In recent years several linkage analyses and candidate gene studies have been performed and unveiled some of the specific genes involved in disease risk, such as FRZB and GDF5. This article discusses the impact that future genome-wide association scans can have on our understanding of the pathogenesis of OA and on identifying individuals at high risk for developing severe OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Valdes
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, St. Thomas Hospital Campus, Kings College, London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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Schett G, Zwerina J, David JP. The role of Wnt proteins in arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 4:473-80. [PMID: 18756273 DOI: 10.1038/ncprheum0881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wnt proteins regulate organ development, tumorigenesis and bone homeostasis, among other functions. The binding of Wnt proteins to plasma membrane receptors on mesenchymal cells induces the differentiation of these cells into the osteoblast lineage and thereby supports bone formation. Wnts are also key signaling proteins in joint remodeling processes. Active Wnt signaling contributes to osteophyte formation and might have an essential role in the anabolic pattern of joint remodeling that is observed in ankylosing spondylitis and osteoarthritis. By contrast, blockade of Wnt signaling facilitates bone erosion and contributes to catabolic joint remodeling, a process that is observed in rheumatoid arthritis. This Review summarizes current knowledge of the molecular regulation of joint remodeling associated with chronic arthritis, focusing on the role of the Wnt proteins and their inhibitors. It also addresses the role of Wnt in determining the differences in clinical presentation of inflammatory arthropathies and discusses implications for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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36
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis in the elderly. A large body of evidence, including familial aggregation and classic twin studies, indicates that primary OA has a strong hereditary component that is likely polygenic in nature. Furthermore, traits related to OA, such as longitudinal changes in cartilage volume and progression of radiographic features, are also under genetic control. In recent years, several linkage analysis and candidate gene studies have been performed and have unveiled some of the specific genes involved in disease risk, such as FRZB and GDF5. The authors discuss the impact that future genome-wide association scans can have on our understanding of the pathogenesis of OA and on identifying individuals at high risk for developing severe OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Valdes
- Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology Unit, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, Kings College London School of Medicine, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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