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Simonis KM, Cowan ML, Williams L, Baron HR. Surgical Repair of Psittacine Femorotibial Luxation: A Case Series. J Avian Med Surg 2024; 38:34-45. [PMID: 38686886 DOI: 10.1647/avianms-d-23-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Luxation of the psittacine femorotibial joint most commonly occurs following trauma or as a development abnormality. Historically, this injury is considered to have a poor prognosis in birds; however, surgical management may result in acceptable and functional outcomes. This case series describes the surgical techniques, complications, and outcomes of 7 cases of femorotibial luxation in psittacine birds. Of the 7 cases, 6 were chronic injuries. Surgical repair methods included conjoined intramedullary pinning, transarticular pinning with an external skeletal fixator (ESF), a combination of extracapsular stabilization and ESF, ESF alone, and a combination of conjoined intramedullary pins with an ESF. An acceptable outcome was achieved in 75% (6/8) of luxated femorotibial joints managed with surgical methods. All cases were female birds of various species, suggesting a possible sex predisposition for stifle luxation.
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Rhee B, Jin C, Shin SH, Choi H, Lee Y, Kim S. Establishment of an image evaluation grading criteria for experimental stifle joint osteoarthritis in dogs: an X-ray and CT imaging study. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:34. [PMID: 38102726 PMCID: PMC10722845 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to establish an image evaluation grading criteria for experimental stifle joint osteoarthritis (OA) in anterior cruciate ligament transection induced OA beagle dog models. The severity of OA was assessed using X-ray and computed tomography (CT) imaging. RESULTS A total of 32 dogs (8 controls and 24 OA-induced dogs) were included in the study. The OA-induced group showed significantly higher manual joint palpation, gait analysis, and OA severity scores than the control group. Based on these two results, we calculated correlation coefficients. There was a strong positive correlation between manual joint palpation scores and OA severity on diagnostic imaging and between gait analysis scores and OA severity. CONCLUSIONS The developed grading criteria based on radiographic evaluation correlated with clinical assessments. The study also employed CT imaging to enhance the accuracy and sensitivity of early-stage OA change detection in the stifle joint. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and multiple evaluators are recommended for the validation and generalizability of this grading system. These established image evaluation grading criteria can help evaluate and monitor the efficacy of interventions and changes in OA lesions in canine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomseok Rhee
- Research Center, HLB BioStep Co., Ltd., Incheon, 22014, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Changfan Jin
- Research Center, HLB BioStep Co., Ltd., Incheon, 22014, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hyun Shin
- Research Center, HLB BioStep Co., Ltd., Incheon, 22014, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojung Choi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwon Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sokho Kim
- Research Center, HLB BioStep Co., Ltd., Incheon, 22014, Republic of Korea.
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Beerts C, Broeckx SY, Depuydt E, Tack L, Van Hecke L, Chiers K, Van Brantegem L, Braun G, Hellmann K, de Bouvre N, Van Bruaene N, De Ryck T, Duchateau L, Van Ryssen B, Peremans K, Saunders JH, Verhoeven G, Pauwelyn G, Spaas JH. Low-dose xenogeneic mesenchymal stem cells target canine osteoarthritis through systemic immunomodulation and homing. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:190. [PMID: 37789403 PMCID: PMC10546732 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As current therapies for canine osteoarthritis (OA) provide mainly symptomatic improvement and fail to address the complex pathology of the disease, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer a promising biological approach to address both aspects of OA through their immunomodulatory properties. METHODS This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of xenogeneic MSCs in dogs with OA at different dose levels after intravenous injection. OA was surgically induced in the right stifle joint. Thirty-two male and female dogs were divided into three treatment groups and a control group. Regular general physical examinations; lameness, joint, radiographic, and animal caretaker assessments; pressure plate analyses; and blood analyses were performed over 42 days. At study end, joint tissues were evaluated regarding gross pathology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. In a follow-up study, the biodistribution of intravenously injected 99mTc-labeled equine peripheral blood-derived MSCs was evaluated over 24h in three dogs after the cruciate ligament section. RESULTS The dose determination study showed the systemic administration of ePB-MSCs in a canine OA model resulted in an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and joint tissue protective effect associated with improved clinical signs and improved cartilage structure, as well as a good safety profile. Furthermore, a clear dose effect was found with 0.3 × 106 ePB-MSCs as the most effective dose. In addition, this treatment was demonstrated to home specifically towards the injury zone in a biodistribution study. CONCLUSION This model-based study is the first to confirm the efficacy and safety of systemically administered xenogeneic MSCs in dogs with OA. The systemic administration of a low dose of xenogeneic MSCs could offer a widely accessible, safe, and efficacious treatment to address the complex pathology of canine OA and potentially slow down the disease progression by its joint tissue protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Beerts
- Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Medicine Belgium, Noorwegenstraat 4, 9940, Evergem, Belgium
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarah Y Broeckx
- Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Medicine Belgium, Noorwegenstraat 4, 9940, Evergem, Belgium
| | - Eva Depuydt
- Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Medicine Belgium, Noorwegenstraat 4, 9940, Evergem, Belgium
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Liesa Tack
- Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Medicine Belgium, Noorwegenstraat 4, 9940, Evergem, Belgium
| | - Lore Van Hecke
- Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Medicine Belgium, Noorwegenstraat 4, 9940, Evergem, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Leen Van Brantegem
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Braun
- Klifovet AG, Geyerspergerstrasse 27, 80689, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Hellmann
- Klifovet AG, Geyerspergerstrasse 27, 80689, Munich, Germany
| | - Nathalie de Bouvre
- Private Referral Veterinary Practice 'De Molenkreek', Polderdreef 31, 4554 AD, Westdrope, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tine De Ryck
- Anacura, Noorwegenstraat 4, 9940, Evergem, Belgium
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Biometrics Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bernadette Van Ryssen
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jimmy H Saunders
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Geert Verhoeven
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Glenn Pauwelyn
- Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Medicine Belgium, Noorwegenstraat 4, 9940, Evergem, Belgium.
| | - Jan H Spaas
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, 1730 Olympic Drive, Athens, GA, 30606, USA
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Modina SC, Aidos L, Millar VRH, Pallaoro M, Polito U, Veronesi MC, Peretti GM, Mangiavini L, Carnevale L, Boschetti F, Abbate F, Di Giancamillo A. Postnatal morpho-functional development of a dog's meniscus. Ann Anat 2023; 250:152141. [PMID: 37499701 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the morpho-functional modifications that characterize meniscal development from neonatal to adult dogs. Even if menisci are recognized as essential structures for the knee joint, poor information is available about their morphogenesis, in particular in dog models. Menisci from a group of Dobermann Pinchers aged 0, 10, 30 days, and 4 years (T0, T10, T30, adult, respectively) were analyzed by SEM, histochemistry (Safranin O and Picro Sirius Red Staining analyzed under a polarized light microscope), immunofluorescences (collagen type I and II), biomechanical (compression) and biochemical analyses (glycosaminoglycans, GAGs, and DNA content). SEM analyses revealed that the T0 meniscus is a bulgy structure that during growth tends to flatten, firstly in the inner zone (T10) and then even in the outer zone (T30), until the achievement of the completely smooth adult final shape. These results were further supported by the histochemistry analyses in which the deposition of GAGs started from T30, and the presence of type I birefringent collagen fibers was observed from T0 to T30, while poorly refringent type III collagen fibers were observed in the adult dogs. Double immunofluorescence analyses also evidenced that the neonatal meniscus contains mainly type I collagen fibers, as well as the T10 meniscus, and demonstrated a more evident regionalization and crimping in the T30 and adult meniscus. Young's elastic modulus of the meniscus in T0 and T10 animals was lower than the T30 animals, and this last group was also lower than adult ones (T0-T10 vs T30 vs adult). Biochemical analysis confirmed that cellularity decreases over time from neonatal to adult (p < 0.01). The same decreasing trend was observed in GAGs deposition. These results may suggest that the postnatal development of canine meniscus may be related to the progressive functional locomotory development: after birth, the meniscus acquires its functionality over time, through movement, load, and growth itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Clotilde Modina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Lucia Aidos
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Margherita Pallaoro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Umberto Polito
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Veronesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Peretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milan, Italy; IRCCS, Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Via Cristina Belgioioso 173, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mangiavini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milan, Italy; IRCCS, Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Via Cristina Belgioioso 173, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Liliana Carnevale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell'Università, 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Federica Boschetti
- IRCCS, Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio, Via Cristina Belgioioso 173, 20157, Milan, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Polytechnic University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Abbate
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario S.S. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Giancamillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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5
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Zaki S, Blaker CL, Little CB. OA foundations - experimental models of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:357-380. [PMID: 34536528 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is increasingly recognised as a disease of diverse phenotypes with variable clinical presentation, progression, and response to therapeutic intervention. This same diversity is readily apparent in the many animal models of OA. However, model selection, study design, and interpretation of resultant findings, are not routinely done in the context of the target human (or veterinary) patient OA sub-population or phenotype. This review discusses the selection and use of animal models of OA in discovery and therapeutic-development research. Beyond evaluation of the different animal models on offer, this review suggests focussing the approach to OA-animal model selection on study objective(s), alignment of available models with OA-patient sub-types, and the resources available to achieve valid and translatable results. How this approach impacts model selection is discussed and an experimental design checklist for selecting the optimal model(s) is proposed. This approach should act as a guide to new researchers and a reminder to those already in the field, as to issues that need to be considered before embarking on in vivo pre-clinical research. The ultimate purpose of using an OA animal model is to provide the best possible evidence if, how, when and where a molecule, pathway, cell or process is important in clinical disease. By definition this requires both model and study outcomes to align with and be predictive of outcomes in patients. Keeping this at the forefront of research using pre-clinical OA models, will go a long way to improving the quality of evidence and its translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zaki
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Australia; Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Australia.
| | - C L Blaker
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Australia; Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, The Kolling Institute, University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, At Royal North Shore Hospital, Australia.
| | - C B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Australia.
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6
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Mohammadi A, te Moller NCR, Ebrahimi M, Plomp S, Brommer H, van Weeren PR, Mäkelä JTA, Töyräs J, Korhonen RK. Site- and Zone-Dependent Changes in Proteoglycan Content and Biomechanical Properties of Bluntly and Sharply Grooved Equine Articular Cartilage. Ann Biomed Eng 2022; 50:1787-1797. [PMID: 35754073 PMCID: PMC9794534 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-02991-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we mapped and quantified changes of proteoglycan (PG) content and biomechanical properties in articular cartilage in which either blunt or sharp grooves had been made, both close to the groove and more remote of it, and at the opposing joint surface (kissing site) in equine carpal joints. In nine adult Shetland ponies, standardized blunt and sharp grooves were surgically made in the radiocarpal and middle carpal joints of a randomly chosen front limb. The contralateral control limb was sham-operated. At 39 weeks after surgery, ponies were euthanized. In 10 regions of interest (ROIs) (six remote from the grooves and four directly around the grooves), PG content as a function of tissue-depth and distance-to-groove was estimated using digital densitometry. Biomechanical properties of the cartilage were evaluated in the six ROIs remote from the grooves. Compared to control joints, whole tissue depth PG loss was found in sites adjacent to sharp and, to a larger extent, blunt grooves. Also, superficial PG loss of the surgically untouched kissing cartilage layers was observed. Significant PG loss was observed up to 300 µm (sharp) and at 500 µm (blunt) from the groove into the surrounding tissue. Equilibrium modulus was lower in grooved cartilage than in controls. Grooves, in particular blunt grooves, gave rise to severe PG loss close to the grooved sites and to mild degeneration more remote from the grooves in both sharply and bluntly grooved cartilage and at the kissing sites, resulting in loss of mechanical strength over the 9-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nikae C. R. te Moller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammadhossein Ebrahimi
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Saskia Plomp
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Brommer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P. René van Weeren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janne T. A. Mäkelä
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ,Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rami K. Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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7
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te Moller NCR, Mohammadi A, Plomp S, Serra Bragança FM, Beukers M, Pouran B, Afara IO, Nippolainen E, Mäkelä JTA, Korhonen RK, Töyräs J, Brommer H, van Weeren PR. Structural, compositional, and functional effects of blunt and sharp cartilage damage on the joint: A 9-month equine groove model study. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2363-2375. [PMID: 33368588 PMCID: PMC8597083 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the long-term progression of blunt and sharp cartilage defects and their effect on joint homeostasis and function of the equine carpus. In nine adult Shetland ponies, the cartilage in the radiocarpal and middle carpal joint of one front limb was grooved (blunt or sharp randomized). The ponies were subjected to an 8-week exercise protocol and euthanized at 39 weeks. Structural and compositional alterations in joint tissues were evaluated in vivo using serial radiographs, synovial biopsies, and synovial fluid samples. Joint function was monitored by quantitative gait analysis. Macroscopic, microscopic, and biomechanical evaluation of the cartilage and assessment of subchondral bone parameters were performed ex vivo. Grooved cartilage showed higher OARSI microscopy scores than the contra-lateral sham-operated controls (p < 0.0001). Blunt-grooved cartilage scored higher than sharp-grooved cartilage (p = 0.007) and fixed charge density around these grooves was lower (p = 0.006). Equilibrium and instantaneous moduli trended lower in grooved cartilage than their controls (significant for radiocarpal joints). Changes in other tissues included a threefold to sevenfold change in interleukin-6 expression in synovium from grooved joints at week 23 (p = 0.042) and an increased CPII/C2C ratio in synovial fluid extracted from blunt-grooved joints at week 35 (p = 0.010). Gait analysis outcome revealed mild, gradually increasing lameness. In conclusion, blunt and, to a lesser extent, sharp grooves in combination with a period of moderate exercise, lead to mild degeneration in equine carpal cartilage over a 9-month period, but the effect on overall joint health remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikae C. R. te Moller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Saskia Plomp
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Filipe M. Serra Bragança
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Martijn Beukers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Behdad Pouran
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Isaac O. Afara
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Ervin Nippolainen
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | | | - Rami K. Korhonen
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Diagnostic Imaging CenterKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
- School of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Harold Brommer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - P. René van Weeren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
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8
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Meeson RL, Todhunter RJ, Blunn G, Nuki G, Pitsillides AA. Spontaneous dog osteoarthritis - a One Medicine vision. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 15:273-287. [PMID: 30953036 PMCID: PMC7097182 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a global disease that, despite extensive research, has limited treatment options. Pet dogs share both an environment and lifestyle attributes with their owners, and a growing awareness is developing in the public and among researchers that One Medicine, the mutual co-study of animals and humans, could be beneficial for both humans and dogs. To that end, this Review highlights research opportunities afforded by studying dogs with spontaneous OA, with a view to sharing this active area of veterinary research with new audiences. Similarities and differences between dog and human OA are examined, and the proposition is made that suitably aligned studies of spontaneous OA in dogs and humans, in particular hip and knee OA, could highlight new avenues of discovery. Developing cross-species collaborations will provide a wealth of research material and knowledge that is relevant to human OA and that cannot currently be obtained from rodent models or experimentally induced dog models of OA. Ultimately, this Review aims to raise awareness of spontaneous dog OA and to stimulate discussion regarding its exploration under the One Medicine initiative to improve the health and well-being of both species. Osteoarthritis occurs spontaneously in pet dogs, which often share environmental and lifestyle risk-factors with their owners. This Review aims to stimulate cooperation between medical and veterinary research under the One Medicine initiative to improve the welfare of dogs and humans. Dogs have many analogous spontaneous diseases that result in end-stage osteoarthritis (OA). Inbreeding and the predisposition of certain dog breeds for OA enable easier identification of candidate genetic associations than in outbred humans. Dog OA subtypes offer a potential stratification rationale for aetiological differences and alignment to analogous human OA phenotypes. The relatively compressed time course of spontaneous dog OA offers longitudinal research opportunities. Collaboration with veterinary researchers can provide tissue samples from early-stage OA and opportunities to evaluate new therapeutics in a spontaneous disease model. Awareness of the limitations and benefits of using clinical veterinary patients in research is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Meeson
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK.,Department of Clinical Services and Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK.,Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rory J Todhunter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Cornell Veterinary Biobank, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gordon Blunn
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, London, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - George Nuki
- Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew A Pitsillides
- Skeletal Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK.
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9
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Tellegen AR, Dessing AJ, Houben K, Riemers FM, Creemers LB, Mastbergen SC, Meij BP, Miranda-Bedate A, Tryfonidou MA. Dog as a Model for Osteoarthritis: The FGF4 Retrogene Insertion May Matter. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:2550-2560. [PMID: 31373395 PMCID: PMC6899624 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease associated with chronic pain and disability in humans and companion animals. The canine species can be subdivided into non-chondrodystrophic (NCD) and chondrodystrophic (CD) dogs, the latter having disproportionally short limbs due to disturbance in endochondral ossification of long bones. This phenotype is associated with retrogene insertions of the fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) gene, resulting in enhanced fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) signaling. The effect on cartilage is unknown and in experimental studies with dogs, breeds are seemingly employed randomly. The aim of this study was to determine whether CD- and NCD-derived cartilage differs on a structural and biochemical level, and to explore the relationship between FGF4 associated chondrodystrophy and OA. Cartilage explants from CD and NCD dogs were cultured for 21 days. Activation of canonical Wnt signaling was assessed in primary canine chondrocytes. OA and synovitis severity from an experimental OA model were compared between healthy and OA samples from CD and NCD dogs. Release of glycosaminoglycans, DNA content, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression were higher in NCD cartilage explants. Healthy cartilage from NCD dogs displayed higher cartilage degeneration and synovitis scores, which was aggravated by the induction of OA. Dikkopf-3 gene expression was higher in NCD cartilage. No differences in other Wnt pathway read outs were found. To conclude, chondrodystrophy associated with the FGF4 retrogene seems to render CD dogs less susceptible to the development of OA when compared with NCD dogs. These differences should be considered when choosing a canine model to study the pathobiology and new treatment strategies of OA. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2550-2560, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Tellegen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aileen J Dessing
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kaat Houben
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank M Riemers
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura B Creemers
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simon C Mastbergen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Björn P Meij
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Miranda-Bedate
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna A Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Mahmoud EE, Adachi N, Mawas AS, Deie M, Ochi M. Multiple intra-articular injections of allogeneic bone marrow-derived stem cells potentially improve knee lesions resulting from surgically induced osteoarthritis: an animal study. Bone Joint J 2019; 101-B:824-831. [PMID: 31256666 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.101b7.bjj-2018-1532.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have several properties that may support their use as an early treatment option for osteoarthritis (OA). This study investigated the role of multiple injections of allogeneic bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) to alleviate the progression of osteoarthritic changes in the various structures of the mature rabbit knee in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient OA model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two months after bilateral section of the ACL of Japanese white rabbits aged nine months or more, either phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or 1 x 106 MSCs were injected into the knee joint in single or three consecutive doses. After two months, the articular cartilage and meniscus were assessed macroscopically, histologically, and immunohistochemically using collagen I and II. RESULTS Within the PBS injection (control group), typical progressive degenerative changes were revealed in the various knee structures. In the single MSC injection (single group), osteoarthritic changes were attenuated, but still appeared, especially in the medial compartments involving fibrillation of the articular cartilage, osteophyte formation in the medial plateau, and longitudinal tear of the meniscus. In the multiple-injections group, the smoothness and texture of the articular cartilage and meniscus were improved. Histologically, absence or reduction in matrix staining and cellularity were noticeable in the control and single-injection groups, respectively, in contrast to the multiple-injections group, which showed good intensity of matrix staining and chondrocyte distribution in the various cartilage zones. Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring showed significantly better results in the multiple-injections group than in the other groups. Immunohistochemically, collagen I existed superficially in the medial femoral condyle in the single group, while collagen II was more evident in the multiple-injections group than the single-injection group. CONCLUSION A single injection of MSCs was not enough to restore the condition of osteoarthritic joints. This is in contrast to multiple injections of MSCs, which had the ability to replace lost cells, as well as reducing inflammation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:824-831.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Mahmoud
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - N Adachi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - A S Mawas
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - M Deie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - M Ochi
- Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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11
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Carcolé M, Zamanillo D, Merlos M, Fernández-Pastor B, Cabañero D, Maldonado R. Blockade of the Sigma-1 Receptor Relieves Cognitive and Emotional Impairments Associated to Chronic Osteoarthritis Pain. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:468. [PMID: 31130863 PMCID: PMC6510262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal disease worldwide, often characterized by degradation of the articular cartilage, chronic joint pain and disability. Cognitive dysfunction, anxiety and depression are common comorbidities that impact the quality of life of these patients. In this study, we evaluated the involvement of sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) on the nociceptive, cognitive and emotional alterations associated with chronic osteoarthritis pain. Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) was injected into the knee of Swiss-albino CD1 mice to induce osteoarthritis pain, which then received a repeated treatment with the σ1R antagonist E-52862 or its vehicle. Nociceptive responses and motor performance were assessed with the von Frey and the Catwalk gait tests. Cognitive alterations were evaluated using the novel object recognition task, anxiety-like behavior with the elevated plus maze and the zero-maze tests, whereas depressive-like responses were determined using the forced swimming test. We also studied the local effect of the σ1R antagonist on cartilage degradation, and its central effects on microglial reactivity in the medial prefrontal cortex. MIA induced mechanical allodynia and gait abnormalities that were prevented by the chronic treatment with the σ1R antagonist. E-52862 also reduced the memory impairment and the depressive-like behavior associated to osteoarthritis pain. Interestingly, the effect of E-52862 on depressive-like behavior was not accompanied by a modification of anxiety-like behavior. The pain-relieving effects of the σ1R antagonist were not due to a local effect on the articular cartilage, since E-52862 treatment did not modify the histological alterations of the knee joints. However, E-52862 induced central effects revealed by a reduction of the cortical microgliosis observed in mice with osteoarthritis pain. These findings show that σ1R antagonism inhibits mechanical hypersensitivity, cognitive deficits and depressive-like states associated with osteoarthritis pain in mice. These effects are associated with central modulation of glial activity but are unrelated to changes in cartilage degradation. Therefore, targeting the σ1R with E-52862 represents a promising pharmacological approach with effects on multiple aspects of chronic osteoarthritis pain that may go beyond the strict inhibition of nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Carcolé
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Zamanillo
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, Laboratories Esteve, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Merlos
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, Laboratories Esteve, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Fernández-Pastor
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, Laboratories Esteve, Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Cabañero
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Janssens LAA, Verheijen IKA, Serangeli J, van Kolfschoten T. Shoulder osteoarthritis in a European saber-toothed cat (Homotherium latidens) from the Lower Palaeolithic site of Schöningen (Germany). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 24:279-285. [PMID: 30777196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of a right ventral scapula fragment from a mature Homotherium latidens from Schöningen, Germany (337-300 ka before present - MIS 9) revealed lesions consisting of an osteophyte at the caudal border of the glenoid cavity, and a large, multilobular, cystic feature in the medio-caudal glenoid cavity. Based on the type of lesions, their localization, their severity, and exclusion of several nutritional and other etiologies such as immune mediated disease, joint infection (septic arthritis), and joint tumors, we conclude that the lesion was caused by trauma or age-related shoulder osteoarthritis (or possibly both). We cannot speculate whether the condition was symptomatic, but if it was, the animal must have functioned well enough to hunt or scavenge, since it survived a significant period of lesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc A A Janssens
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; Evidensia Clinic for Referral Surgery of Companion Animals, Eerste Zeine 112, 5144AM, Waalwijk, The Netherlands; Faculty of Archaeology, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ivo K A Verheijen
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands; Universität Tübingen/Senckenberg HEP, paläon 1, 38364 Schöningen, Germany
| | - Jordi Serangeli
- Universität Tübingen/Senckenberg HEP, paläon 1, 38364 Schöningen, Germany
| | - Thijs van Kolfschoten
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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Steen-Louws C, Popov-Celeketic J, Mastbergen SC, Coeleveld K, Hack CE, Eijkelkamp N, Tryfonidou M, Spruijt S, van Roon JAG, Lafeber FPJG. IL4-10 fusion protein has chondroprotective, anti-inflammatory and potentially analgesic effects in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:1127-1135. [PMID: 29775732 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effective disease-modifying drugs for osteoarthritis (DMOAD) should preferably have chondroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activity combined in a single molecule. We developed a fusion protein of IL4 and IL10 (IL4-10 FP), in which the biological activity of both cytokines is preserved. The present study evaluates the chondroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activity of IL4-10 FP in in vitro and in vivo models of osteoarthritis. METHODS Human osteoarthritic cartilage tissue and synovial tissue were cultured with IL4-10 FP. Cartilage proteoglycan turnover and release of pro-inflammatory, catabolic, and pain mediators by cartilage and synovial tissue were measured. The analgesic effect of intra-articularly injected IL4-10 FP was evaluated in a canine model of osteoarthritis by force-plate analysis. RESULTS IL4-10 FP increased synthesis (P = 0.018) and decreased release (P = 0.018) of proteoglycans by osteoarthritic cartilage. Release of pro-inflammatory IL6 and IL8 by cartilage and synovial tissue was reduced in the presence of IL4-10 FP (all P < 0.05). The release of MMP3 by osteoarthritic cartilage and synovial tissue was decreased (P = 0.018 and 0.028) whereas TIMP1 production was not significantly changed. Furthermore, IL4-10 FP protected cartilage against destructive properties of synovial tissue mediators shown by the increased cartilage proteoglycan synthesis (P = 0.0235) and reduced proteoglycan release (P = 0.0163). Finally, intra-articular injection of IL4-10 FP improved the deficient joint loading in dogs with experimentally induced osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION The results of current preliminary study suggest that IL4-10 FP has DMOAD potentials since it shows chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro, as well as potentially analgesic effect in a canine in vivo model of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Steen-Louws
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - J Popov-Celeketic
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - S C Mastbergen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - K Coeleveld
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - C E Hack
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - N Eijkelkamp
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - M Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - S Spruijt
- St. Maartens Hospital, The Netherlands.
| | - J A G van Roon
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - F P J G Lafeber
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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14
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Krupkova O, Smolders L, Wuertz-Kozak K, Cook J, Pozzi A. The Pathobiology of the Meniscus: A Comparison Between the Human and Dog. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:73. [PMID: 29713636 PMCID: PMC5911564 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Serious knee pain and related disability have an annual prevalence of approximately 25% on those over the age of 55 years. As curative treatments for the common knee problems are not available to date, knee pathologies typically progress and often lead to osteoarthritis (OA). While the roles that the meniscus plays in knee biomechanics are well characterized, biological mechanisms underlying meniscus pathophysiology and roles in knee pain and OA progression are not fully clear. Experimental treatments for knee disorders that are successful in animal models often produce unsatisfactory results in humans due to species differences or the inability to fully replicate disease progression in experimental animals. The use of animals with spontaneous knee pathologies, such as dogs, can significantly help addressing this issue. As microscopic and macroscopic anatomy of the canine and human menisci are similar, spontaneous meniscal pathologies in canine patients are thought to be highly relevant for translational medicine. However, it is not clear whether the biomolecular mechanisms of pain, degradation of extracellular matrix, and inflammatory responses are species dependent. The aims of this review are (1) to provide an overview of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the human and canine meniscus, (2) to compare the known signaling pathways involved in spontaneous meniscus pathology between both species, and (3) to assess the relevance of dogs with spontaneous meniscal pathology as a translational model. Understanding these mechanisms in human and canine meniscus can help to advance diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for painful knee disorders and improve clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Krupkova
- Small Animals Surgery, Tierspital, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Spine Center, Schön Klinik München Harlaching, Munich, Germany.,Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - James Cook
- Missouri Orthopaedic Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Antonio Pozzi
- Small Animals Surgery, Tierspital, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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de Visser HM, Mastbergen SC, Kozijn AE, Coeleveld K, Pouran B, van Rijen MH, Lafeber FPJG, Weinans H. Metabolic dysregulation accelerates injury-induced joint degeneration, driven by local inflammation; an in vivo rat study. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:881-890. [PMID: 28840952 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is growing for the existence of an obesity-related phenotype of osteoarthritis in which low-grade inflammation and a disturbed metabolic profile play a role. The contribution of an obesity-induced metabolic dysbalance to the progression of the features of osteoarthritis upon mechanically induced cartilage damage was studied in a rat in vivo model. Forty Wistar rats were randomly allocated 1:1 to a standard diet or a high-fat diet. After 12 weeks, in 14 out of 20 rats in each group, cartilage was mechanically damaged in the right knee joint. The remaining six animals in each group served as controls. After a subsequent 12 weeks, serum was collected for metabolic state, subchondral bone changes assessed by μCT imaging, osteoarthritis severity determined by histology, and macrophage presence assessed by CD68 staining. The high-fat diet increased statistically all relevant metabolic parameters, resulting in a dysmetabolic state and subsequent synovial inflammation, whereas cartilage degeneration was hardly influenced. The high-fat condition in combination with mechanical cartilage damage resulted in a clear statistically significant progression of the osteoarthritic features, with increased synovitis and multiple large osteophytes. Both the synovium and osteophytes contained numerous CD68 positive cells. It is concluded that a metabolic dysbalance due to a high-fat diet increases joint inflammation without cartilage degeneration. The dysmetabolic state clearly accelerates progression of osteoarthritis upon surgically induced cartilage damage supported by inflammatory responses as demonstrated by histology and increased CD68 expressing cells localized on the synovial membrane and osteophytes. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:881-890, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huub M de Visser
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, F.02.127, 3508 GA, Utrecht, 85500, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simon C Mastbergen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne E Kozijn
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, F.02.127, 3508 GA, Utrecht, 85500, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Coeleveld
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Behdad Pouran
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, F.02.127, 3508 GA, Utrecht, 85500, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mattie H van Rijen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, F.02.127, 3508 GA, Utrecht, 85500, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P J G Lafeber
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, F.02.127, 3508 GA, Utrecht, 85500, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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16
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de Visser HM, Weinans H, Coeleveld K, van Rijen MHP, Lafeber FPJG, Mastbergen SC. Groove model of tibia-femoral osteoarthritis in the rat. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:496-505. [PMID: 27183198 PMCID: PMC5363339 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Several experimental models of osteoarthritis in rats are used to study the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. Many mechanically induced models have the limitation that permanent joint instability is induced by, for example, ligament transection or meniscal damage. This permanent instability will counteract the potential beneficial effects of therapy. The groove model of osteoarthritis uses a one-time trigger, surgically induced cartilage damage on the femoral condyles, and has been validated for the canine tibia-femoral compartment. The present study evaluates this model for the rat knee joint. The articular cartilage of the weight bearing surface of both femoral condyles and trochlea were damaged (grooved) without damaging the underlying subchondral bone. Severity of joint degeneration was histologically assessed, in addition to patella cartilage damage, and subchondral bone characteristics by means of (contrast-enhanced) micro-CT. Mild histological degeneration of the surgically untouched tibial plateau cartilage was observed in addition to damage of the femoral condyles, without clear synovial tissue inflammation. Contrast enhanced micro-CT demonstrated proteoglycan loss of the surgically untouched patella cartilage. Besides, a more sclerotic structure of the subchondral bone was observed. The tibia-femoral groove model in a rat results in mild knee joint degeneration, without permanent joint instability and joint inflammation. This makes the rat groove model a useful model to study the onset and progression of post-traumatic non-inflammatory osteoarthritis, creating a relatively sensitive model to study disease modifying osteoarthritic drugs. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 35:496-505, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huub M. de Visser
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; UMC Utrecht, F.02.127, P.O. Box 85500 3508 GA Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; UMC Utrecht, F.02.127, P.O. Box 85500 3508 GA Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedics; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering; Delft University of Technology; Delft The Netherlands
| | - Katja Coeleveld
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; UMC Utrecht, F.02.127, P.O. Box 85500 3508 GA Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - Floris P. J. G. Lafeber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; UMC Utrecht, F.02.127, P.O. Box 85500 3508 GA Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Simon C. Mastbergen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; University Medical Center Utrecht; UMC Utrecht, F.02.127, P.O. Box 85500 3508 GA Utrecht The Netherlands
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17
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Reisig G, Kreinest M, Richter W, Wagner-Ecker M, Dinter D, Attenberger U, Schneider-Wald B, Fickert S, Schwarz ML. Osteoarthritis in the Knee Joints of Göttingen Minipigs after Resection of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament? Missing Correlation of MRI, Gene and Protein Expression with Histological Scoring. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165897. [PMID: 27820852 PMCID: PMC5098790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Göttingen Minipig (GM) is used as large animal model in articular cartilage research. The aim of the study was to introduce osteoarthritis (OA) in the GM by resecting the anterior cruciate ligament (ACLR) according to Pond and Nuki, verified by histological and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring as well as analysis of gene and protein expression. Materials and Methods The eight included skeletally mature female GM were assessed after ACLR in the left and a sham operation in the right knee, which served as control. 26 weeks after surgery the knee joints were scanned using a 3-Tesla high-field MR tomography unit with a 3 T CP Large Flex Coil. Standard proton-density weighted fat saturated sequences in coronal and sagittal direction with a slice thickness of 3 mm were used. The MRI scans were assessed by two radiologists according to a modified WORMS-score, the X-rays of the knee joints by two evaluators. Osteochondral plugs with a diameter of 4mm were taken for histological examination from either the main loading zone or the macroscopic most degenerated parts of the tibia plateau or condyle respectively. The histological sections were blinded and scored by three experts according to Little et al. Gene expression analysis was performed from surrounding cartilage. Expression of adamts4, adamts5, acan, col1A1, col2, il-1ß, mmp1, mmp3, mmp13, vegf was determined by qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemical staining (IH) of Col I and II was performed. IH was scored using a 4 point grading (0—no staining; 3-intense staining). Results and Discussion Similar signs of OA were evident both in ACLR and sham operated knee joints with the histological scoring result of the ACLR joints with 6.48 ± 5.67 points and the sham joints with 6.86 ± 5.84 points (p = 0.7953) The MRI scoring yielded 0.34 ± 0.89 points for the ACLR and 0.03 ± 0.17 for the sham knee joints. There was no correlation between the histological and MRI scores (r = 0.10021). The gene expression profiles as well as the immunohistochemical findings showed no significant differences between ACLR and sham knee joints. In conclusion, both knee joints showed histological signs of OA after 26 weeks irrespective of whether the ACL was resected or not. As MRI results did not match the histological findings, MRI was obviously unsuitable to diagnose the OA in GM. The analysis of the expression patterns of the 10 genes could not shed light on the question, whether sham operation also induced cartilage erosion or if the degeneration was spontaneous. The modified Pond-Nuki model may be used with reservation in the adult minipig to induce an isolated osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Reisig
- Department for experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Centre (OUZ), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Kreinest
- Department for experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Centre (OUZ), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mechthild Wagner-Ecker
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Dinter
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Schneider-Wald
- Department for experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Centre (OUZ), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Fickert
- Department for experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Centre (OUZ), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus L. Schwarz
- Department for experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Centre (OUZ), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
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18
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Janssens LAA, Street M, Miller R, Hazewinkel HAW, Giemsch L, Schmitz R. The oldest case yet reported of osteoarthritis in a dog: an archaeological and radiological evaluation. J Small Anim Pract 2016; 57:568-574. [PMID: 27581723 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A century ago the remains of a dog skeleton were found in an archaeological double human burial, near Bonn-Oberkassel (Germany). Recent re-examination of the dog remains revealed that they were about 14,500 years old. Based on the growth plates, the animal was considered to be approximately 7·5 months old at the time of death. Based on the minimal humeral diameter, it was calculated that it was approximately 0·47 m tall at the shoulder and weighed approximately 15·7 kg. The right proximal ulna of this skeleton showed osteoarthritis, manifested by an osteophyte of 5×3×1·5 mm3 at its cranial edge, with no identified primary developmental causes for osteoarthritis. Osteochondritis dissecans, joint incongruity and trauma are possible aetiologies. The left ulna did not reveal any abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A A Janssens
- Clinic for Orthopaedic Surgery of Companion Animals, 3068SB Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Archaeology, University of Leiden, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - M Street
- Monrepos Archaeological Research Centre and Museum for Human Behavioural Evolution, 56567 Neuwied, Germany
| | - R Miller
- Service of Prehistory, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - H A W Hazewinkel
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, 3508TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L Giemsch
- Archäologisches Museum Frankfurt, Karmelitergasse 1D-60311 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R Schmitz
- LVR-Landesmuseum Bonn, Rheinisches Landesmuseum für Archäologie, Kunst- und Kulturgeschichte, Bachstraße 5-953115 Bonn, Germany
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Kosinska MK, Mastbergen SC, Liebisch G, Wilhelm J, Dettmeyer RB, Ishaque B, Rickert M, Schmitz G, Lafeber FP, Steinmeyer J. Comparative lipidomic analysis of synovial fluid in human and canine osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1470-8. [PMID: 27049029 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lipid profile of synovial fluid (SF) is related to the health status of joints. The early stages of human osteoarthritis (OA) are poorly understood, which larger animals are expected to be able to model closely. This study examined whether the canine groove model of OA represents early OA in humans based on the changes in the lipid species profile in SF. Furthermore, the SF lipidomes of humans and dogs were compared to determine how closely canine lipid species profiles reflect the human lipidome. METHODS Lipids were extracted from cell- and cellular debris-free knee SF from nine donors with healthy joints, 17 patients with early and 13 patients with late osteoarthritic changes, and nine dogs with knee OA and healthy contralateral joints. Lipid species were quantified by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). RESULTS Compared with control canine SF most lipid species were elevated in canine OA SF. Moreover, the lipid species profiles in the canine OA model resembled early OA profiles in humans. The SF lipidomes between dog and human were generally similar, with differences in certain lipid species in the phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and sphingomyelin (SM) classes. CONCLUSIONS Our lipidomic analysis demonstrates that SF in the canine OA model closely mimics the early osteoarthritic changes that occur in humans. Further, the canine SF lipidome often reflects normal human lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Kosinska
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany.
| | - S C Mastbergen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - G Liebisch
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany.
| | - J Wilhelm
- Medical Clinic II/IV, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany.
| | - R B Dettmeyer
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany.
| | - B Ishaque
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany.
| | - M Rickert
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany.
| | - G Schmitz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany.
| | - F P Lafeber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - J Steinmeyer
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany.
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Early evolving joint degeneration by cartilage trauma is primarily mechanically controlled. Knee 2016; 23:487-94. [PMID: 26875050 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical and inflammatory processes add to osteoarthritis (OA). To what extent both processes contribute during the onset of OA after a cartilage trauma is unknown. This study evaluates whether local cartilage damage leads to focally confined or more generalized cartilage damage with synovial inflammation in the early development of joint tissue degeneration. METHODS In nine goats, cartilage damage was surgically induced on the weight bearing area of exclusively the medial femoral condyle of the right knee joint. The other tibio-femoral compartments, lateral femoral condyle and lateral medial tibial plateau, were left untouched. The contralateral left knee joint of each animal served as an intra-animal control. Twenty weeks post-surgery changes in cartilage matrix integrity in each of the four compartments, medial and lateral synovial tissue inflammation, and synovial fluid IL-1β and TNFα were evaluated. RESULTS In the experimental medial femoral plateau, significant macroscopic, histologic, and biochemical cartilage damage was observed versus the contralateral control compartments. Also the articulating cartilage of the experimental medial tibial plateau was significantly more damaged. Whereas, no differences were seen between the lateral compartments of experimental and contralateral control joints. Synovial tissue inflammation was mild and only macroscopically (not histologically) significantly increased in the experimental medial compartments. Synovial fluid IL-1β level was not different between experimental and contralateral control joints, and TNFα was overall beneath the detection limit. CONCLUSIONS Local cartilage damage is a trigger for development of OA, which in early onset seems primarily mechanically driven. Early treatment of traumatic cartilage damage should take this mechanical component into consideration.
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Katayama M, Ogaya H, Shunsuke S, Uzuka Y. Kite Shield-Shaped Wedge Recession for Treatment of Medial Patellar Luxation in Seven Small-Breed Dogs. Vet Surg 2015; 45:66-70. [PMID: 26638125 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document the trochlear depth (TD) and clinical outcome after kite shield-shaped wedge (K-wedge) recession trochleoplasty in toy-breed dogs with medial patellar luxation (MPL). STUDY DESIGN Case series. ANIMALS Seven toy-breed dogs (<5 kg) with uni- or bilateral grades II-IV MPL (10 stifles). METHODS A K-wedge recession trochleoplasty was performed in all dogs in combination with other surgical procedures as treatment for MPL. The TD, the ratio of the proximal TD to patella thickness, and the presence of osteophytes were determined from computed tomography images taken pre-, and 1 and 12 months postoperative. Lameness scores and MPL grade were also recorded. RESULTS The TD and the ratio of proximal TD to patella thickness increased significantly immediately postoperative and remained increased at 1 and 12 months postoperative. The osteophyte score was significantly higher at 12 months postoperative than preoperative. All dogs had a reduction in MPL grade and improvement in lameness postoperative. CONCLUSION K-wedge recession trochleoplasty was successful in treating MPL in a series of toy-breed dogs and offers an alternate to other trochlear recession techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Katayama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Division of Small Animal Surgery, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hikaru Ogaya
- Faculty of Agriculture, Division of Small Animal Surgery, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Uzuka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Division of Small Animal Surgery, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
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Harris KP, Driban JB, Sitler MR, Cattano NM, Balasubramanian E, Hootman JM. Tibiofemoral Osteoarthritis After Surgical or Nonsurgical Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture: A Systematic Review. J Athl Train 2015; 52:507-517. [PMID: 25562459 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if surgical or nonsurgical treatment of anterior cruciate ligament rupture affects the prevalence of posttraumatic tibiofemoral osteoarthritis (OA). DATA SOURCES Studies published between 1983 and April 2012 were identified via EBSCOhost and OVID. Reference lists were then screened in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. STUDY SELECTION Studies were included if (a) treatment outcomes focused on a direct comparison of surgical versus nonsurgical treatment of anterior cruciate ligament rupture, (b) the prevalence of tibiofemoral OA was reported, and (c) they were written in English. Studies were excluded if (a) the included patients were treated with cast immobilization after surgery, (b) the mean follow-up was less than 10 years, or (c) the patients underwent anterior cruciate ligament revision surgery. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent investigators reviewed the included articles using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Frequency of OA, surgical procedure, nonsurgical treatments, and participant characteristics were extracted and summarized. We calculated prevalence (%) and 95% confidence intervals for treatment groups for each individual study and overall. We developed 2 × 2 contingency tables to assess the association between treatment groups (exposed had surgery, referent was nonsurgical treatment) and the prevalence of OA. DATA SYNTHESIS Four retrospective studies were identified (140 surgical patients, 240 nonsurgical patients). The mean Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score was 5 (range = 4-6 [of 10] points). Average length of follow-up was 11.8 years (range = 10-14 years). The prevalence of OA for surgically treated patients ranged from 32.6% to 51.2% (overall = 41.4%, 95% confidence interval = 35.0%, 48.1%) and for nonsurgical patients ranged from 24.5% to 42.3% (overall = 30.9%, 95% confidence interval = 24.4%, 38.3%). CONCLUSIONS Although OA prevalence was higher in the surgical treatment group at a mean follow-up of 11.8 years, no definitive evidence supports surgical or nonsurgical treatment after anterior cruciate ligament injury to prevent posttraumatic OA. Current studies have been limited by small sample sizes, low methodologic quality, and a lack of data regarding confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle P Harris
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Nursing, Bucks County Community College, Newtown, PA
| | | | - Michael R Sitler
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Nursing, Bucks County Community College, Newtown, PA
| | - Nicole M Cattano
- Department of Sports Medicine, West Chester University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jennifer M Hootman
- Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Wiegant K, Intema F, Roermund PM, Barten‐van Rijbroek AD, Doornebal A, Hazewinkel HAW, Lafeber FPJG, Mastbergen SC. Evidence of Cartilage Repair by Joint Distraction in a Canine Model of Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:465-74. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wiegant
- University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Femke Intema
- University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Forelimb and hindlimb ground reaction forces of walking cats: Assessment and comparison with walking dogs. Vet J 2014; 202:116-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wangdee C, Hazewinkel HAW, Temwichitr J, Theyse LFH. Extended proximal trochleoplasty for the correction of bidirectional patellar luxation in seven Pomeranian dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 56:130-3. [PMID: 25040469 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Seven Pomeranians with bidirectional patellar luxation (BPL) were prospectively studied regarding aetiology and results of a new surgical technique. Radiographic evaluation of the ratio between patellar ligament length and patellar bone length revealed no differences between Pomeranians with bidirectional patellar luxation and healthy stifle joints. Functional rather than anatomic patella alta might be associated with bidirectional patellar luxation in Pomeranians. The surgical outcome of extended proximal trochleoplasty was good-to-excellent in 87·5% of the stifles and all dogs achieved functional recovery. There was only minimal radiographic progression of osteophyte formation at 48 weeks after surgery. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on bidirectional patellar luxation in small breed dogs and its successful surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wangdee
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand; Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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A posteriori comparison of natural and surgical destabilization models of canine osteoarthritis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:180453. [PMID: 24288664 PMCID: PMC3833019 DOI: 10.1155/2013/180453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For many years Canis familiaris, the domestic dog, has drawn particular interest as a model of osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we optimized the dog model of experimental OA induced by cranial cruciate ligament sectioning. The usefulness of noninvasive complementary outcome measures, such as gait analysis for the limb function and magnetic resonance imaging for structural changes, was demonstrated in this model. Relationships were established between the functional impairment and the severity of structural changes including the measurement of cartilage thinning. In the dog model of naturally occurring OA, excellent test-retest reliability was denoted for the measurement of the limb function. A criterion to identify clinically meaningful responders to therapy was determined for privately owned dogs undergoing clinical trials. In addition, the recording of accelerometer-based duration of locomotor activity showed strong and complementary agreement with the biomechanical limb function. The translation potential of these models to the human OA condition is underlined. A preclinical testing protocol which combines the dog model of experimental OA induced by cranial cruciate ligament transection and the Dog model of naturally occurring OA offers the opportunity to further investigate the structural and functional benefits of disease-modifying strategies. Ultimately, a better prediction of outcomes for human clinical trials would be brought.
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van Meegeren ME, Roosendaal G, Jansen NW, Lafeber FP, Mastbergen SC. Blood-Induced Joint Damage: The Devastating Effects of Acute Joint Bleeds versus Micro-Bleeds. Cartilage 2013; 4:313-20. [PMID: 26069675 PMCID: PMC4297157 DOI: 10.1177/1947603513497569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Four days of blood exposure leads to irreversible cartilage damage in vitro. In contrast, intermittent intra-articular blood injections twice a week during 4 weeks (mimicking micro-bleeds) in a canine model resulted in transient damage only. In this study, it was evaluated whether acute joint bleeds are more harmful than micro-bleeds in a canine model of knee arthropathy. DESIGN Seven dogs received 4 sequential daily intra-articular blood injections twice in 2 weeks (mimicking 2 acute 4-day joint bleeds). Seven other dogs received the same blood load but in a total of 8 injections intermittently over the 4-week period with at least 1 day in between (mimicking micro-bleeds over the same timespan). Contralateral knees served as controls. Ten weeks after the last injection cartilage matrix turnover and synovial inflammation were evaluated. RESULTS Only after the acute joint bleeds the release of newly formed and total (resident) cartilage matrix glycosaminoglycans were increased (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01, respectively). Furthermore, in animals with the acute joint bleeds cartilage glycosaminoglycan content was decreased (P = 0.01) and not in animals with micro-bleeds. Mild synovial inflammation was observed in both groups (both P < 0.0001) but was not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to micro-bleeds, 2 acute joint bleeds lead to prolonged cartilage damage independent of the level of synovial inflammation. This model suggests that micro-bleeds are less devastating than acute joint bleeds with respect to joint damage, which might be of relevance to treatment of joint bleeds in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique E.R. van Meegeren
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands,Department of Hematology and Van Creveld Clinic, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Goris Roosendaal
- Department of Hematology and Van Creveld Clinic, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nathalie W.D. Jansen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands,Department of Hematology and Van Creveld Clinic, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Floris P.J.G. Lafeber
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Simon C. Mastbergen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Malfait AM, Little CB, McDougall JJ. A commentary on modelling osteoarthritis pain in small animals. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:1316-26. [PMID: 23973146 PMCID: PMC3903124 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the currently used animal models for the study of osteoarthritis (OA) pain, with an emphasis on small animals (predominantly mice and rats). OUTLINE Narrative review summarizing the opportunities and limitations of the most commonly used small animal models for the study of pain and pain pathways associated with OA, and discussing currently used methods for pain assessment. Involvement of neural degeneration in OA is briefly discussed. A list of considerations when studying pain-related behaviours and pathways in animal models of OA is proposed. CONCLUSIONS Animal models offer great potential to unravel the complex pathophysiology of OA pain, its molecular and temporal regulation. They constitute a critical pathway for developing and testing disease-specific symptom-modifying therapeutic interventions. However, a number of issues remain to be resolved in order to standardize pre-clinical OA pain research and to optimize translation to clinical trials and patient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, and Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago IL, To whom correspondence should be addressed
| | - Christopher B. Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Jason J. McDougall
- Departments of Pharmacology and Anaesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Useful animal models for the research of osteoarthritis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2013; 24:263-71. [PMID: 23508348 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-013-1205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of suffering for millions of people. Investigating the disease directly on humans may be challenging. The aim of the present study is to investigate the advantages and limitations of the animal models currently used in OA research. The animal models are divided into induced and spontaneous. Induced models are further subdivided into surgical and chemical models, according to the procedure used to induce OA. Surgical induction of OA is the most commonly used procedure, which alters the exerted strain on the joint and/or alter load bearing leading to instability of the joint and induction of OA. Chemical models are generated by intra-articular injection of modifying factors or by systemically administering noxious agents, such as quinolones. Spontaneous models include naturally occurring and genetic models. Naturally occurring OA is described in certain species, while genetic models are developed by gene manipulation. Overall, there is no single animal model that is ideal for studying degenerative OA. However, in the present review, an attempt is made to clarify the most appropriate use of each model.
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A review of translational animal models for knee osteoarthritis. ARTHRITIS 2012; 2012:764621. [PMID: 23326663 PMCID: PMC3541554 DOI: 10.1155/2012/764621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis remains a tremendous public health concern, both in terms of health-related quality of life and financial burden of disease. Translational research is a critical step towards understanding and mitigating the long-term effects of this disease process. Animal models provide practical and clinically relevant ways to study both the natural history and response to treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Many factors including size, cost, and method of inducing osteoarthritis are important considerations for choosing an appropriate animal model. Smaller animals are useful because of their ease of use and cost, while larger animals are advantageous because of their anatomical similarity to humans. This evidence-based review will compare and contrast several different animal models for knee osteoarthritis. Our goal is to inform the clinician about current research models, in order to facilitate the transfer of knowledge from the "bench" to the "bedside."
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da Rosa AS, dos Santos AF, da Silva MM, Facco GG, Perreira DM, Alves ACA, Leal Junior ECP, de Carvalho PDTC. Effects of Low-level Laser Therapy at Wavelengths of 660 and 808 nm in Experimental Model of Osteoarthritis. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 88:161-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.01032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kuroki K, Stoker AM, Sims HJ, Cook JL. Expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in stifle joint synovial tissues of dogs with or without osteoarthritis. Am J Vet Res 2010; 71:750-4. [PMID: 20594076 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.71.7.750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the presence or absence of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 in synovial tissues collected from stifle joints (SJs) of dogs with or without osteoarthritis. ANIMALS 21 purpose-bred research dogs, 3 client-owned dogs with SJ osteoarthritis, and 3 dogs without SJ osteoarthritis. PROCEDURES Research dogs underwent arthroscopic surgery in 1 SJ to induce osteoarthritis via cranial cruciate ligament transection (CrCLt; n = 5), femoral condylar articular cartilage groove creation (6), or release of the caudal horn of the medial meniscus (5); 5 dogs underwent sham surgery. Synovial tissue specimens were obtained from both stifle joints of each dog 12 weeks after surgery, and TLR-2 and TLR-4 gene expression were determined via real-time reverse transcription PCR assays. Expression of TLR-4 protein was determined via an immunofluorescence technique in additional specimens obtained from osteoarthritic SJs of dogs with cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency and from dogs with nonosteoarthritic SJs. RESULTS Synovial tissues from CrCLt-treated joints had significantly higher TLR-4 gene expression, compared with the contralateral control SJs or any other joint group. TLR-2 gene expression did not differ significantly among groups. Toll-like receptor-4 protein was detected in synovial tissues of osteoarthritic SJs but was rarely evident in nonosteoarthritic SJs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Increased TLR-4 gene expression in the synovial tissue of SJs with osteoarthritis secondary to CrCLt suggests that activation of innate immunity may play a role in the pathophysiology of SJ osteoarthritis in at least a subset of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Kuroki
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Intema F, Sniekers YH, Weinans H, Vianen ME, Yocum SA, Zuurmond AMM, DeGroot J, Lafeber FP, Mastbergen SC. Similarities and discrepancies in subchondral bone structure in two differently induced canine models of osteoarthritis. J Bone Miner Res 2010; 25:1650-7. [PMID: 20200954 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In osteoarthritis (OA), cartilage degradation is accompanied by subchondral bone changes. The pathogenesis and physiology of bone changes in OA are still unclear. The changes in subchondral bone architecture and cartilage damage were compared in differently induced experimental models of OA. Experimental OA was induced bilaterally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) or by cartilage trauma (Groove model); bilateral sham surgery served as control. Lysylpyridinoline (LP, bone resorption) and C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II, cartilage breakdown) were measured over time. At 20 weeks after surgery, the subchondral cortical plate and trabecular bone of the tibia were analyzed by micro-computed tomography (microCT) and cartilage degeneration was analyzed histologically and biochemically. In both models, cartilage degeneration and cortical subchondral plate thinning were present. CTX-II levels were elevated over time in both models. Subchondral trabecular bone changes were observed only in the ACLT model, not in the Groove model. Correspondingly, LP levels were elevated over time in the ACLT model and not in the Groove model. Interestingly, the trabecular bone changes in the ACLT model were extended to the metaphyseal area. The early decrease in plate thickness, present in both models, as was cartilage damage, suggests that plate thinning is a phenomenon that is intrinsic to the process of OA independent of the cause/induction of OA. On the other hand, trabecular changes in subchondral and metaphyseal bone are not part of a common pathway of OA development and may be induced biomechanically in the destabilized and less loaded ACLT joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Intema
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Intema F, Hazewinkel HAW, Gouwens D, Bijlsma JWJ, Weinans H, Lafeber FPJG, Mastbergen SC. In early OA, thinning of the subchondral plate is directly related to cartilage damage: results from a canine ACLT-meniscectomy model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:691-8. [PMID: 20175978 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 01/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) includes cartilage degeneration, synovial inflammation, and bone changes. Slowly, the sequence and inter-relationship of these features is becoming clearer. Early models of OA suggest thinning of the subchondral plate in addition to trabecular bone changes. In the present study subchondral bone changes were studied in the canine anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-meniscectomy model. This model is characterized by intra-joint variability with respect to cartilage damage (predominantly medial) and loading (lateral unloading due to a shifted axis). METHODS In 13 Labrador dogs, OA was induced by transection of the anterior cruciate ligament and removal of the medial meniscus. Twelve weeks later, cartilage integrity was evaluated histologically using the modified Mankin score (0-11), and proteoglycan content was determined by Alcian Blue assay. Bone architecture of the tibia was quantified by micro-CT. RESULTS Cartilage damage was severe in the medial compartment (Mankin score +3.5, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content -28%) and mild in the lateral compartment (Mankin score +1.6, GAG content -15%). Thinning and porosity of the subchondral plate were only present on the medial side (-21%, +87%, respectively). Interestingly, changes in trabecular bone structure did almost not occur in the medial compartment (volume fraction -7%) but were clear in the lateral compartment (-20%). CONCLUSION Thinning of the subchondral plate is a localized phenomenon related to cartilage degeneration while trabecular bone changes are related to mechanical (un)loading. The different mechanisms responsible for bone changes in OA should be taken in account when designing and interpreting studies interfering with bone turnover in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Intema
- Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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