1
|
Liu Y, Duan M, Zhang D, Xie J. The role of mechano growth factor in chondrocytes and cartilage defects: a concise review. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023. [PMID: 37171185 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechano growth factor (MGF), an isoform of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), is recognized as a typical mechanically sensitive growth factor and has been shown to play an indispensable role in the skeletal system. In the joint cavity, MGF is highly expressed in chondrocytes, especially in the damaged cartilage tissue caused by trauma or degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA). Cartilage is an extremely important component of joints because it functions as a shock absorber and load distributer at the weight-bearing interfaces in the joint cavity, but it can hardly be repaired once injured due to its lack of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. MGF has been proven to play an important role in chondrocyte cell behaviors, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, inflammatory reactions and apoptosis, in and around the injury site. Moreover, under the normalized mechanical microenvironment in the joint cavity, MGF can sense and respond to mechanical stimuli, regulate chondrocyte activity, and maintain the homeostasis of cartilage tissue. Recent reports continue to explain its effects on various cell types and sport-related tissues, but its role in cartilage development, homeostasis and disease occurrence is still controversial, and its internal biological mechanism is still elusive. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries in the role of MGF in chondrocytes and cartilage defects, including tissue repair at the macroscopic level and chondrocyte activities at the microcosmic level, and discuss the current state of research and potential gaps in knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengmeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wen C, Xu L, Xu X, Wang D, Liang Y, Duan L. Insulin-like growth factor-1 in articular cartilage repair for osteoarthritis treatment. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:277. [PMID: 34717735 PMCID: PMC8556920 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage repair is a critical issue in osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway has been implicated in articular cartilage repair. IGF-1 is a member of a family of growth factors that are structurally closely related to pro-insulin and can promote chondrocyte proliferation, enhance matrix production, and inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis. Here, we reviewed the role of IGF-1 in cartilage anabolism and catabolism. Moreover, we discussed the potential role of IGF-1 in OA treatment. Of note, we summarized the recent progress on IGF delivery systems. Optimization of IGF delivery systems will facilitate treatment application in cartilage repair and improve OA treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caining Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Limei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Daping Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China. .,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, 518003, China.
| | - Li Duan
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei P, Xu Y, Gu Y, Yao Q, Li J, Wang L. IGF-1-releasing PLGA nanoparticles modified 3D printed PCL scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1106-1114. [PMID: 32715779 PMCID: PMC7470157 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1797239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to fabricate and test a 3D-printed PCL scaffold incorporating IGF-1-releasing PLGA nanoparticles for cartilage tissue engineering. IGF-1 loaded PLGA nanoparticles were produced by the double-emulsion method, and were incorporated onto 3D printed PCL scaffolds via PDA. Particle size, loading effciency (LE) and encapsulation effciency (EE) of the nanoparticles were examined. SEM, pore size, porosity, compression testing, contact angle, IGF-1 release kinetics of the composite scaffolds were also determined. For cell culture studies, CCK-8, Live/dead, MTT, GAG content and expression level of chondrocytes specific proteins and genes and HIF-1α were also tested. There was no difference of the nanoparticle size. And the LE and EE of IGF-1 in PLGA nanoparticles was about 5.53 ± 0.12% and 61.26 ± 2.71%, respectively. There was a slower, sustained release for all drug-loaded nanoparticles PLGA/PDA/PCL scaffolds. There was no difference of pore size, porosity, compressive strength of each scaffold. The contact angles PCL scaffolds were significant decreased when coated with PDA and PLGA nanoparticales. (p < .05) Live/dead staining showed more cells attached to the IGF-1 PLGA/PDA/PCL scaffolds. The CCK-8 and MTT assay showed higher cell proliferation and better biocompatibility of the IGF-1 PLGA/PDA/PCL scaffolds. (p < .05) GAG content, chondrogenic protein and gene expression level of SOX-9, COL-II, ACAN, and HIF pathway related gene (HIF-1α) were significantly higher in IGF-1 PLGA/PDA/PCL scaffolds group compared to other groups. (p < .05) IGF-1 PLGA/PDA/PCL scaffolds may be a better method for sustained IGF-1 administration and a promising scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Additive Manufacturing Technology, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Cartilage Regeneration Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Enhancing the chondrogenic potential of chondrogenic progenitor cells by deleting RAB5C. iScience 2021; 24:102464. [PMID: 34013174 PMCID: PMC8113995 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic joint disease that affects a large proportion of the elderly population. Chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPCs) reside in late-stage OA cartilage tissue, producing a fibrocartilaginous extracellular matrix; these cells can be manipulated in vitro to deposit proteins of healthy articular cartilage. CPCs are under the control of SOX9 and RUNX2. In our earlier studies, we showed that a knockdown of RUNX2 enhanced the chondrogenic potential of CPCs. Here we demonstrate that CPCs carrying a knockout of RAB5C, a protein involved in endosomal trafficking, exhibited elevated expression of multiple chondrogenic markers, including the SOX trio, and increased COL2 deposition, whereas no changes in COL1 deposition were observed. We report RAB5C as an attractive target for future therapeutic approaches designed to increase the COL2 content in the diseased joint.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin W, Xu L, Li G. Molecular Insights Into Lysyl Oxidases in Cartilage Regeneration and Rejuvenation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:359. [PMID: 32426343 PMCID: PMC7204390 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage remains among the most difficult tissues to regenerate due to its poor self-repair capacity. The lysyl oxidase family (LOX; also termed as protein-lysine 6-oxidase), mainly consists of lysyl oxidase (LO) and lysyl oxidase-like 1-4 (LOXL1-LOXL4), has been traditionally defined as cuproenzymes that are essential for stabilization of extracellular matrix, particularly cross-linking of collagen and elastin. LOX is essential in the musculoskeletal system, particularly cartilage. LOXs-mediated collagen cross-links are essential for the functional integrity of articular cartilage. Appropriate modulation of the expression or activity of certain LOX members selectively may become potential promising strategy for cartilage repair. In the current review, we summarized the advances of LOX in cartilage homeostasis and functioning, as well as copper-mediated activation of LOX through hypoxia-responsive signaling axis during recent decades. Also, the molecular signaling network governing LOX expression has been summarized, indicating that appropriate modulation of hypoxia-responsive-signaling-directed LOX expression through manipulation of bioavailability of copper and oxygen is promising for further clinical implications of cartilage regeneration, which has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for cartilage rejuvenation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Therefore, targeted regulation of copper-mediated hypoxia-responsive signalling axis for selective modulation of LOX expression may become potential effective therapeutics for enhanced cartilage regeneration and rejuvenation in future clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang H, Huang J, Mao Y, Wang L, Li R, Ha C. Vitexin alleviates interleukin-1β-induced inflammatory responses in chondrocytes from osteoarthritis patients: Involvement of HIF-1α pathway. Scand J Immunol 2019; 90:e12773. [PMID: 31055848 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that vitexin has anti-inflammatory effects in osteoarthritis (OA) rats. However, the effects of vitexin on interleukins-1β (IL-1β)-stimulated OA patient-derived chondrocytes have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of vitexin on IL-1β-stimulated human osteoarthritis chondrocytes and to reveal the involvement of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) pathway. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting assays were employed. ELISA results demonstrated that the proinflammatory cytokine levels of interleukins-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the serum and synovial fluid and HIF-1α level in the synovial fluid were significantly elevated in OA patients compared to normal healthy subjects. Moreover, the Western blotting results indicated that the protein expression of HIF-1α was significantly higher in the cartilage tissues of OA patients. OA patient-derived chondrocytes were stimulated by IL-1β and treated with different concentration of vitexin for 24 hours. Vitexin showed no cytotoxicity and increased the survival of chondrocytes under IL-1β stimulation. Vitexin suppressed IL-1β-induced production of NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) in chondrocytes culture. The treatment of vitexin significantly inhibited IL-1β-induced expressions of proinflammatory cytokine levels of IL-6, TNF-α, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3 and MMP-13. Furthermore, Western blotting results demonstrated that HIF-1α is involved in vitexin's protective effects on IL-1β-stimulated injuries in OA patient-derived chondrocytes. Our study demonstrates that vitexin alleviates IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses in chondrocytes from osteoarthritis patients, which may be attributed partly to the inhibition of HIF-1α pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongpeng Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yanfang Mao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Ruodong Li
- Dongchang Fu People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Chengzhi Ha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Biomaterial-guided delivery of gene vectors for targeted articular cartilage repair. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018; 15:18-29. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-018-0125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
8
|
Salhiyyah K, Sarathchandra P, Latif N, Yacoub MH, Chester AH. Hypoxia-mediated regulation of the secretory properties of mitral valve interstitial cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H14-H23. [PMID: 28314761 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00720.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The sophisticated function of the mitral valve depends to a large extent on its extracellular matrix (ECM) and specific cellular components. These are tightly regulated by a repertoire of mechanical stimuli and biological pathways. One potentially important stimulus is hypoxia. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the effect of hypoxia on the regulation of mitral valve interstitial cells (MVICs) with respect to the synthesis and secretion of extracellular matrix proteins. Hypoxia resulted in reduced production of total collagen and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) in cultured porcine MVICs. Increased gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -9 and their tissue inhibitors 1 and 2 was also observed after incubation under hypoxic conditions for up to 24 h. Hypoxia had no effect on MVIC viability, morphology, or phenotype. MVICs expressed hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α under hypoxia. Stimulating HIF-1α chemically caused a reduction in the amount of sGAG produced, similar to the effect observed under hypoxia. Human rheumatic valves had greater expression of HIF-1α compared with normal or myxomatous degenerated valves. In conclusion, hypoxia affects the production of certain ECM proteins and expression of matrix remodeling enzymes by MVICs. The effects of hypoxia appear to correlate with the induction of HIF-1α. This study highlights a potential role of hypoxia and HIF-1α in regulating the mitral valve, which could be important in health and disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that hypoxia regulates extracellular matrix secretion and the remodeling potential of heart valve interstitial cells. Expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α plays a role in these effects. These data highlight the potential role of hypoxia as a physiological mediator of the complex function of heart valve cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kareem Salhiyyah
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Heart Science Centre, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Padmini Sarathchandra
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Heart Science Centre, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Najma Latif
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Heart Science Centre, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Magdi H Yacoub
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Heart Science Centre, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian H Chester
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Heart Science Centre, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rey-Rico A, Cucchiarini M. Recent tissue engineering-based advances for effective rAAV-mediated gene transfer in the musculoskeletal system. Bioengineered 2017; 7:175-88. [PMID: 27221233 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1187347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal tissues are diverse and significantly different in their ability to repair upon injury. Current treatments often fail to reproduce the natural functions of the native tissue, leading to an imperfect healing. Gene therapy might improve the repair of tissues by providing a temporarily and spatially defined expression of the therapeutic gene(s) at the site of the injury. Several gene transfer vehicles have been developed to modify various human cells and tissues from musculoskeletal system among which the non-pathogenic, effective, and relatively safe recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors that have emerged as the preferred gene delivery system to treat human disorders. Adapting tissue engineering platforms to gene transfer approaches mediated by rAAV vectors is an attractive tool to circumvent both the limitations of the current therapeutic options to promote an effective healing of the tissue and the natural obstacles from these clinically adapted vectors to achieve an efficient and durable gene expression of the therapeutic sequences within the lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rey-Rico
- a Center of Experimental Orthopaedics , Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg/Saar , Germany
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- a Center of Experimental Orthopaedics , Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg/Saar , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
PEDF Is Associated with the Termination of Chondrocyte Phenotype and Catabolism of Cartilage Tissue. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7183516. [PMID: 28191465 PMCID: PMC5278211 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7183516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the expression and target genes of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) in cartilage and chondrocytes, respectively. Methods. We analyzed the expression pattern of PEDF in different human cartilaginous tissues including articular cartilage, osteophytic cartilage, and fetal epiphyseal and growth plate cartilage, by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR. Transcriptome analysis after stimulation of human articular chondrocytes with rhPEDF was performed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and confirmed by qRT-PCR. Results. Immunohistochemically, PEDF could be detected in transient cartilaginous tissue that is prone to undergo endochondral ossification, including epiphyseal cartilage, growth plate cartilage, and osteophytic cartilage. In contrast, PEDF was hardly detected in healthy articular cartilage and in the superficial zone of epiphyses, regions that are characterized by a permanent stable chondrocyte phenotype. RNA-Seq analysis and qRT-PCR demonstrated that rhPEDF significantly induced the expression of a number of matrix-degrading factors including SAA1, MMP1, MMP3, and MMP13. Simultaneously, a number of cartilage-specific genes including COL2A1, COL9A2, COMP, and LECT were among the most significantly downregulated genes. Conclusions. PEDF represents a marker for transient cartilage during all neonatal and postnatal developmental stages and promotes the termination of cartilage tissue by upregulation of matrix-degrading factors and downregulation of cartilage-specific genes. These data provide the basis for novel strategies to stabilize the phenotype of articular cartilage and prevent its degradation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Qing L, Lei P, Liu H, Xie J, Wang L, Wen T, Hu Y. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in synovial fluid and articular cartilage is associated with disease severity in knee osteoarthritis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:63-68. [PMID: 28123469 PMCID: PMC5244982 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) levels in the synovial fluid and articular cartilage of patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to investigate their association with the severity of disease. A total of 36 patients with knee OA and ten healthy controls were enrolled. Anteroposterior knee radiographs and/or Mankin scores were assessed to determine the disease severity of the affected knee. Radiographic grading of OA in the knee was performed according to Kellgren-Lawrence criteria. HIF-1α levels in synovial fluid were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas HIF-1α levels in articular cartilage were assessed with immunohistochemical methods. Compared with healthy controls, OA patients exhibited an increased HIF-1α concentration in synovial fluid (218.17±25.12 vs. 156.66±7.74 pg/ml; P<0.001) and articular cartilage (P<0.05). Furthermore, synovial fluid HIF-1α levels demonstrated a positive correlation with articular cartilage HIF-1α levels (Pearson's P=0.815; P<0.001). Subsequent analysis showed that synovial fluid HIF-1α levels were significantly correlated with the severity of disease (Spearman's ρ=0.933; P<0.001). Furthermore, articular cartilage levels of HIF-1α also correlated with disease severity (Spearman's ρ=-0.967; P<0.001). The findings of the present study suggested that HIF-1α in synovial fluid and articular cartilage is associated with progressive joint damage and is likely to be a useful biomarker for determining disease severity and progression in knee OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Qing
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Lei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Program of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang H, Lindborg C, Lounev V, Kim JH, McCarrick-Walmsley R, Xu M, Mangiavini L, Groppe JC, Shore EM, Schipani E, Kaplan FS, Pignolo RJ. Cellular Hypoxia Promotes Heterotopic Ossification by Amplifying BMP Signaling. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1652-65. [PMID: 27027798 PMCID: PMC5010462 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and inflammation are implicated in the episodic induction of heterotopic endochondral ossification (HEO); however, the molecular mechanisms are unknown. HIF-1α integrates the cellular response to both hypoxia and inflammation and is a prime candidate for regulating HEO. We investigated the role of hypoxia and HIF-1α in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), the most catastrophic form of HEO in humans. We found that HIF-1α increases the intensity and duration of canonical bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling through Rabaptin 5 (RABEP1)-mediated retention of Activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1), a BMP receptor, in the endosomal compartment of hypoxic connective tissue progenitor cells from patients with FOP. We further show that early inflammatory FOP lesions in humans and in a mouse model are markedly hypoxic, and inhibition of HIF-1α by genetic or pharmacologic means restores canonical BMP signaling to normoxic levels in human FOP cells and profoundly reduces HEO in a constitutively active Acvr1(Q207D/+) mouse model of FOP. Thus, an inflammation and cellular oxygen-sensing mechanism that modulates intracellular retention of a mutant BMP receptor determines, in part, its pathologic activity in FOP. Our study provides critical insight into a previously unrecognized role of HIF-1α in the hypoxic amplification of BMP signaling and in the episodic induction of HEO in FOP and further identifies HIF-1α as a therapeutic target for FOP and perhaps nongenetic forms of HEO. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carter Lindborg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vitali Lounev
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruth McCarrick-Walmsley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meiqi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Mangiavini
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jay C Groppe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eileen M Shore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ernestina Schipani
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Frederick S Kaplan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert J Pignolo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,The Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shi S, Xie J, Zhong J, Lin S, Zhang T, Sun K, Fu N, Shao X, Lin Y. Effects of low oxygen tension on gene profile of soluble growth factors in co-cultured adipose-derived stromal cells and chondrocytes. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:341-51. [PMID: 27090063 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Moving towards development of optimized cartilage regeneration with adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs), the focus of this study was on investigating the influence of hypoxia on soluble factors secreted by ASCs and chondrocytes after crosstalk. METHODS We established direct contact co-culture and non-contact co-culture systems by using red or green fluorescent protein (R/GFP)-labelled mice and SD rats respectively. Gene variation of growth factors of the two cell types, in both hypoxic and normoxic conditions, were screened using semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Co-culture with ASCs and chondrocytes under hypoxia was shown to successfully induce or enhance ASC to chondrogenic differentiation. To be specific, chondrogenic maker genes: AGC, COL II and SOX9 were remarkably enhanced in both ASCs and chondrocytes after crosstalk under low oxygen tension. Subsequently, screening growth factors in ASCs and chondrocytes under hypoxia showed that HIF-1α, VEGF-A/B, BMP-2/-4/-6, FGF-2 and IGF-1 were significantly increased, but not TGF-β1. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed that both hypoxia and co-culture systems can notably enhance chondrogenesis of ASCs as well as increase proliferation of ASCs and chondrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Juan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shiyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Na Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoru Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Alemdar C, Yücel İ, Erbil B, Erdem H, Atiç R, Özkul E. Effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 and hyaluronic acid in experimentally produced osteochondral defects in rats. Indian J Orthop 2016; 50:414-20. [PMID: 27512224 PMCID: PMC4964775 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5413.185607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common purpose of almost all methods used to treat the osteochondral injuries is to produce a normal cartilage matrix. However current methods are not sufficient to provide a normal cartilage matrix. For that reason, researchers have studied to increase the effectiveness of this methods using chondrogenic and chondroprotective molecules in recent experimental studies. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and hyaluronic acid (HA) are two important agents used in this field. This study compared the effects of IGF-1 and HA in an experimental osteochondral defect in rat femora. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were divided into three groups (n = 15 per group) as follows: The IGF-1 group, HA group, and control group. An osteochondral defect of a diameter of 1.5 mm and a depth of 2 mm was created on the patellar joint side of femoral condyles. The IGF-1 group received an absorbable gelatin sponge soaked with 15 μg/15 μl of IGF-1, and the HA group received an absorbable gelatin sponge soaked with 80 μg HA. The control group received only an absorbable gelatin sponge. Rats were sacrificed at the 6(th) week, and the femur condyles were evaluated histologically. RESULTS According to the total Mankin scale, there was a statistically significant difference between IGF-1 and HA groups and between IGF-1 and control groups. There was also a significant statistical difference between HA and control groups. CONCLUSION It was shown histopathologically that IGF-1 is an effective molecule for osteochondral lesions. Although it is weaker than IGF-1, HA also strengthened the repair tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celil Alemdar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey,Address for correspondence: Prof. Celil Alemdar, Department of Orthopaedics, Dicle University Medical Faculty, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey. E-mail:
| | - İstemi Yücel
- Department of Orthopaedics, Düzce University Medical Faculty, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Barış Erbil
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tekirdağ State Hospital, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Havva Erdem
- Department of Pathology, Ordu University Medical Faculty, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Atiç
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Emin Özkul
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zingler C, Carl HD, Swoboda B, Krinner S, Hennig F, Gelse K. Limited evidence of chondrocyte outgrowth from adult human articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:124-8. [PMID: 26241777 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cellular outgrowth from articular cartilage tissue has been described in a number of recent experimental studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of cellular outgrowth from articular cartilage explants isolated from adult human donors. METHOD Macroscopically intact articular cartilage specimens were isolated from adult human donors and cultured either in their native status, or in a cleansed status achieved by forced washing to minimize attaching cells. Additionally, the effect of chemotactic stimuli including cell lysate, High-Mobility-Group-Protein B1 (HMGB-1), Trefoil-factor 3 (TFF3), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1), or three-dimensional fibrin or collagen matrices were investigated. Co-cultures with synovial membrane served as a positive control for a source of migratory cells. The occurrence of cellular outgrowth was analyzed by histological examination after a culture period of 4 weeks. RESULTS Spontaneous cellular outgrowth from cleansed cartilage specimens was not observed at a relevant level and could not significantly be induced by chemotactic stimuli or three-dimensional matrices either. A forming cartilage-adjoining cell layer was only apparent in the case of native cartilage explants with cellular remnants from surgical isolation or in co-culture experiments with synovial membrane. CONCLUSION The relevance of cellular outgrowth from cartilage tissue is largely absent in the case of adult human articular cartilage samples. A cartilage-adjoining cell layer forming around the explants may instead originate from still attaching cells that remained from surgical isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Zingler
- Dept. of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - H-D Carl
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - B Swoboda
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Rheumatology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - S Krinner
- Dept. of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - F Hennig
- Dept. of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Gelse
- Dept. of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen X, Li J, Wang E, Zhao Q, Kong Z, Yuan X. Dynamic compression combined with SOX-9 overexpression in rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured in a three-dimensional gradual porous PLGA composite scaffold upregulates HIF-1α expression. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 103:3886-95. [PMID: 26123537 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in how the fate of adipose-derived stem cells is determined. Physical stimuli play a crucial role in skeletogenesis and in cartilage repair and regeneration. In the present study, we investigated the comparative and interactive effects of dynamic compression and SRY-related high-mobility group box gene-9 (SOX-9) on chondrogenesis of rabbit adipose-derived stem cells in three-dimensional gradual porous PLGA (polylactic-co-glycolic acid) composite scaffolds. Articular cartilage is stratified into zones delineated by characteristic changes in cellular, matrix, and nutritive components. As a consequence, biochemical and biomechanical properties vary greatly between the different zones, giving the tissue its unique structure and, thus, the ability to cope with extreme loading. The effects on development of the cartilage were examined using a combination of computational modeling to predict alterations in biophysical stimuli, detailed morphometric analysis of 3D digital representations. In addition, early chondrogenic differentiation was assessed via real-time PCR of mRNA expression levels for bone- and cartilage-specific gene markers. Our findings define the important role of dynamic compression combined with SOX-9 overexpression during in vitro generation of tissue-engineering cartilage and suggest that a 3D gradual porous PLGA composite scaffold may benefit articular cartilage tissue engineering in cartilage regeneration for better force distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning Province, China
| | - Enbo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhan Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiangnan Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004 Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The biomarkers changes in serum and the correlation with quantitative MRI markers by histopathologic evaluation of the cartilage in surgically-induced osteoarthritis rabbit model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124717. [PMID: 25884951 PMCID: PMC4401749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the biomarkers change in serum and the correlation with quantitative MRI markers by histopathologic evaluation of the cartilage in surgically-induced osteoarthritis(OA) rabbit model. Materials and Methods Thirty-six mature New Zealand rabbits were used. Eighteen rabbits were divided into six groups randomly and equally and subjected to surgery using the improved Hulth method. The other eighteen rabbits were also allocated into six groups randomly and equally which served as the control. At multiple time points after surgery, the BMP-2, CTX-II and COMP levels in the serum were analyzed by ELISA, and quantitative MRI was performed. Histopathology was examined with HE, and Mankin scores were assessed. The changes in the biochemical biomarkers and imaging markers in the OA groups were compared with those in the control groups using paired-samples T tests. The correlation of quantitative MRI markers with biomarkers and Mankin scores were analyzed. The analysis of Mankin scores was conducted with non-parametric wilcoxon signed rank tests. Results The BMP-2 levels were increased at various times after surgery, and significant differences were observed between the OA and control groups(all the P values <0.001). CTX-II levels were significantly elevated at several intervals after surgery, including W2, W8, W12, W16 and W20(P=0.019, 0.004, 0.007, <0.001 and 0.016 respectively), but not at W4(P=0.764). Significant differences in the COMP levels from W2 to W20 were observed between the OA and the control groups(P<0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001,=0.002 and =0.004 respectively). The T2 values increased at W8 post-surgery and were significantly different between the OA and control groups(P=0.001, <0.001, <0.001 and <0.001 respectively). T2* values increased from W2 to W20 and were significantly different between the control and OA groups(P=0.002, =0.001, <0.001, <0.001, =0.001 and <0.001 respectively). T2 values had significant correlation with BMP-2 and CTX-II(P<0.001 and =0.014), except COMP(P=0.305)., while the correlation of T2* values with BMP-2, CTX-II and COMP was significant(P=0.043, 0.005 and 0.025 respectively). In addition, a positive correlation of T2 values and Mankin scores was observed(P<0.001). Conclusion With the relevance of the multiple time point analysis of the serum biomarkers and imaging markers compared with histological findings, BMP-2, CTX-II and COMP combined with T2 and T2* can be used to reflect and monitor OA progression potentially.
Collapse
|
18
|
Milner PI, Smith HC, Robinson R, Wilkins RJ, Gibson JS. Growth factor regulation of intracellular pH homeostasis under hypoxic conditions in isolated equine articular chondrocytes. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:197-203. [PMID: 22987771 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia and acidosis are recognized features of inflammatory arthroses. This study describes the effects of IGF-1 and TGF-β(1) on pH regulatory mechanisms in articular cartilage under hypoxic conditions. Acid efflux, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured in equine articular chondrocytes isolated in the presence of serum (10% fetal calf serum), IGF-1 (1, 10, 50, 100 ng/ml) or TGF-β(1) (0.1, 1, 10 ng/ml) and then exposed to a short-term (3 h) hypoxic insult (1% O(2)). Serum and 100 ng/ml IGF-1 but not TGF-β(1) attenuated hypoxic regulation of pH homeostasis. IGF-1 appeared to act through mitochondrial membrane potential stabilization and maintenance of intracellular ROS levels in very low levels of oxygen. Using protein phosphorylation inhibitors PD98059 (25 µM) and wortmannin (200 nM) and Western blotting, ERK1/2 and PI-3 kinase pathways are important for the effect of IGF-1 downstream to ROS generation in normoxia but only PI-3 kinase is implicated in hypoxia. These results show that oxygen and growth factors interact to regulate pH recovery in articular chondrocytes by modulating intracellular oxygen metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter I Milner
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin X, Shanmugasundaram S, Liu Y, Derrien A, Nurminskaya M, Zamora PO. B2A peptide induces chondrogenic differentiation in vitro and enhances cartilage repair in rats. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:1221-8. [PMID: 22271086 PMCID: PMC3349005 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether the synthetic peptide B2A (B2A2-K-NS) could induce in vitro chondrogenic differentiation and enhance the in vivo repair of damaged cartilage in an osteoarthritis model. In vitro, micromass cultures of murine and human stem cells with and without B2A were used as models of chondrogenic differentiation. Micromasses were evaluated for gene expression using microarray analysis and quantitative PCR; and for extracellular matrix production by Alcian blue staining for sulfated glycosaminoglycan and immunochemical detection of collagen type II. In vivo, osteoarthritis was chemically induced in knees of adult rats by an injection of mono-iodoacetate (MIA) into the synovial space. Treatment was administered at 7- and 14 days after the MIA by injection into the synovial space of B2A or saline and terminated at 21 days, after which knee cartilage damage was determined and scored by histological analysis. In murine C3H10T1/2 micromass culture, B2A induced the expression of more than 11 genes associated with growth factors/receptors, transcription, and the extracellular matrix, including PDGF-AA. B2A also significantly increased the sulfated glycosaminoglycan and collagen of murine- and human micromass cultures. In the knee osteoarthritis model, B2A treatment enhanced cartilage repair compared to untreated knees as determined histologically by a decrease in damage indicators. These findings suggest that B2A induces stem cells chondrogenic differentiation in vitro and enhances cartilage repair in vivo. The results suggest that B2A might be useful to promote cartilage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Lin
- BioSurface Engineering Technologies, Inc., 9430 Key West Avenue, Suite 220, Rockville, MD 20850,Direct correspondence to: Xinhua Lin, M.D., Ph.D., BioSurface Engineering Technologies, Inc. 9430 Key West Avenue, Suite 220, Rockville, MD 20850, (301) 795-6014 phone, (301) 340-7801 fax,
| | - Shobana Shanmugasundaram
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, 108 N Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Yi Liu
- BioSurface Engineering Technologies, Inc., 9430 Key West Avenue, Suite 220, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Alexandrine Derrien
- BioSurface Engineering Technologies, Inc., 9430 Key West Avenue, Suite 220, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Maria Nurminskaya
- Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, 108 N Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Paul O Zamora
- BioSurface Engineering Technologies, Inc., 9430 Key West Avenue, Suite 220, Rockville, MD 20850
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Steinert AF, Weissenberger M, Kunz M, Gilbert F, Ghivizzani SC, Göbel S, Jakob F, Nöth U, Rudert M. Indian hedgehog gene transfer is a chondrogenic inducer of human mesenchymal stem cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R168. [PMID: 22817660 PMCID: PMC3580562 DOI: 10.1186/ar3921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To date, no single most-appropriate factor or delivery method has been identified for the purpose of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based treatment of cartilage injury. Therefore, in this study we tested whether gene delivery of the growth factor Indian hedgehog (IHH) was able to induce chondrogenesis in human primary MSCs, and whether it was possible by such an approach to modulate the appearance of chondrogenic hypertrophy in pellet cultures in vitro. Methods First-generation adenoviral vectors encoding the cDNA of the human IHH gene were created by cre-lox recombination and used alone or in combination with adenoviral vectors, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (Ad.BMP-2), or transforming growth factor beta-1 (Ad.TGF-β1) to transduce human bone-marrow derived MSCs at 5 × 102 infectious particles/cell. Thereafter, 3 × 105 cells were seeded into aggregates and cultured for 3 weeks in serum-free medium, with untransduced or marker gene transduced cultures as controls. Transgene expressions were determined by ELISA, and aggregates were analysed histologically, immunohistochemically, biochemically and by RT-PCR for chondrogenesis and hypertrophy. Results IHH, TGF-β1 and BMP-2 genes were equipotent inducers of chondrogenesis in primary MSCs, as evidenced by strong staining for proteoglycans, collagen type II, increased levels of glycosaminoglycan synthesis, and expression of mRNAs associated with chondrogenesis. IHH-modified aggregates, alone or in combination, also showed a tendency to progress towards hypertrophy, as judged by the expression of alkaline phosphatase and stainings for collagen type X and Annexin 5. Conclusion As this study provides evidence for chondrogenic induction of MSC aggregates in vitro via IHH gene delivery, this technology may be efficiently employed for generating cartilaginous repair tissues in vivo.
Collapse
|
21
|
Vaquero J, Forriol F. Knee chondral injuries: clinical treatment strategies and experimental models. Injury 2012; 43:694-705. [PMID: 21733516 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2011.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage has a very limited capacity to repair and as such premature joint degeneration is often the end point of articular injuries. Patients with chondral injury have asymptomatic periods followed by others in which discomfort or pain is bearable. The repair of focal cartilage injuries requires a precise diagnosis, a completed knee evaluation to give the correct indication for surgery proportional to the damage and adapted to each patient. Many of the surgical techniques currently performed involve biotechnology. The future of cartilage repair should be based on an accurate diagnosis using new MRI techniques. Clinical studies would allow us to establish the correct indications and surgical techniques implanting biocompatible and biodegradable matrices with or without stem cells and growth factors. Arthroscopic techniques with the design of new instruments can facilitate repair of patella and tibial plateau lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Vaquero
- Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ko EC, Fujihara Y, Ogasawara T, Asawa Y, Nishizawa S, Nagata S, Takato T, Hoshi K. BMP-2 Embedded Atelocollagen Scaffold for Tissue-Engineered Cartilage Cultured in the Medium Containing Insulin and Triiodothyronine—A New Protocol for Three-Dimensional In Vitro Culture of Human Chondrocytes. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 18:374-86. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Chengchuan Ko
- Departments of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Dentistry, Collge of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuko Fujihara
- Departments of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Ogasawara
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiyo Asawa
- Departments of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Nishizawa
- Departments of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagata
- Nagata Microtia and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takato
- Departments of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Departments of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Klinger P, Surmann-Schmitt C, Brem M, Swoboda B, Distler JH, Carl HD, von der Mark K, Hennig FF, Gelse K. Chondromodulin 1 stabilizes the chondrocyte phenotype and inhibits endochondral ossification of porcine cartilage repair tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:2721-31. [DOI: 10.1002/art.30335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
24
|
Effects of oxygen and culture system on in vitro propagation and redifferentiation of osteoarthritic human articular chondrocytes. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 347:649-63. [PMID: 21638206 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine-based approaches for the repair of damaged cartilage rely on the ability to propagate cells while promoting their chondrogenic potential. Thus, conditions for cell expansion should be optimized through careful environmental control. Appropriate oxygen tension and cell expansion substrates and controllable bioreactor systems are probably critical for expansion and subsequent tissue formation during chondrogenic differentiation. We therefore evaluated the effects of oxygen and microcarrier culture on the expansion and subsequent differentiation of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Freshly isolated chondrocytes were expanded on tissue culture plastic or CultiSpher-G microcarriers under hypoxic or normoxic conditions (5% or 20% oxygen partial pressure, respectively) followed by cell phenotype analysis with flow cytometry. Cells were redifferentiated in micromass pellet cultures over 4 weeks, under either hypoxia or normoxia. Chondrocytes cultured on tissue culture plastic proliferated faster, expressed higher levels of cell surface markers CD44 and CD105 and demonstrated stronger staining for proteoglycans and collagen type II in pellet cultures compared with microcarrier-cultivated cells. Pellet wet weight, glycosaminoglycan content and expression of chondrogenic genes were significantly increased in cells differentiated under hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factor-3α mRNA was up-regulated in these cultures in response to low oxygen tension. These data confirm the beneficial influence of reduced oxygen on ex vivo chondrogenesis. However, hypoxia during cell expansion and microcarrier bioreactor culture does not enhance intrinsic chondrogenic potential. Further improvements in cell culture conditions are therefore required before chondrocytes from osteoarthritic and aged patients can become a useful cell source for cartilage regeneration.
Collapse
|
25
|
Gelse K, Klinger P, Koch M, Surmann-Schmitt C, von der Mark K, Swoboda B, Hennig FF, Gusinde J. Thrombospondin-1 prevents excessive ossification in cartilage repair tissue induced by osteogenic protein-1. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 17:2101-12. [PMID: 21513464 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) on the formation of cartilage repair tissue in combination with stimulation by osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1). In miniature pigs, articular cartilage lesions in the femoral trochlea were treated by the microfracture technique and either received no further treatment (MFX), or were treated by additional application of recombinant osteogenic protein-1 (MFX+OP-1), recombinant TSP-1 (MFX+TSP-1), or a combination of both proteins (MFX+TSP-1+OP-1). Six and 26 weeks after surgery, the repair tissue and the degree of endochondral ossification were assessed by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods detecting collagen types I, II, X, TSP-1, and CD31. Microfracture treatment merely induced the formation of inferior fibrocartilaginous repair tissue. OP-1 stimulated chondrogenesis, but also induced chondrocyte hypertrophy, characterized by synthesis of collagen type X, and excessive bone formation. Application of TSP-1 inhibited inadvertant endochondral ossification, but failed to induce chondrogenesis. In contrast, the simultaneous application of both TSP-1 and OP-1 induced and maintained a permanent, nonhypertrophic chondrocyte-like phenotype within cartilage repair tissue. The data of this study demonstrate that OP-1 and TSP-1 complement each other in a functional manner. While OP-1 induces chondrogenesis of the ingrowing cells, TSP-1 prevents their further hypertrophic differentiation and prevents excessive endochondral ossification within the lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kolja Gelse
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ko EC, Fujihara Y, Ogasawara T, Asawa Y, Nishizawa S, Nagata S, Takato T, Hoshi K. Administration of the insulin into the scaffold atelocollagen for tissue-engineered cartilage. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 97:186-92. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
27
|
In vivo evaluation of gene transfer into mesenchymal cells (in view of cartilage repair). Methods Mol Biol 2011; 737:391-405. [PMID: 21590406 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-095-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Gene transfer of specific growth factors is suitable for inducing chondrogenic differentiation of -mesenchymal cells to be used for cartilage regeneration. However, extent and quality of repair tissue formation also depend on biomechanical and metabolic influences that can only be studied in vivo. We describe three methods to evaluate viral gene transfer into mesenchymal cells in animal models of articular cartilage defects, e.g., mouse, rat and miniature pig models, focussing on the repair of hyaline cartilage tissue.
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao J, Zhang P, Qin L, Pan XH. Hypoxia is essential for bone-tendon junction healing: the molecular biological evidence. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2010; 35:925-8. [PMID: 21127862 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-010-1157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2010] [Revised: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone-tendon junction (BTJ) injury is difficult to cure due to its special anatomical structure. Most methods applied for BTJ injury treatment cannot lead to the perfect restoration of the fibrocartilage zone and perfect vascular regeneration, which are two important facets of BTJ reconstruction. Based on current research, hypoxia, which has been discovered to induce chondrogenesis and angiogenesis in vivo, plays an essential role in the tissue repair process. Consequently, it is reasonable to confirm that a hypoxic environment is the prerequisite condition to obtain physiological healing of BTJ injury. In this paper, the potential relationship between hypoxia and BTJ healing is discussed. Moreover, an operation model and possible drug application to obtain hypoxic conditions are delineated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Orthopedic Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, 226001 Nantong City, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
An C, Cheng Y, Yuan Q, Li J. IGF-1 and BMP-2 induces differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes-like cells. Ann Biomed Eng 2010; 38:1647-54. [PMID: 20052615 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-009-9892-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects are common, causing significant morbidities. Tissue engineering using pluripotent stem cells is a new promising modality for cartilage repair. In the current study, we investigated the chondrogenesis of rabbit adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). We isolated rabbit ADSCs and transfected these cells with constructs encoding human insulin growth like factor 1 (IGF-1) and bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2). We examined the growth and morphology of these transfected cells and their production of type II collagen and MMP-3. We found that IGF-1 and BMP-2 drove the chondrogenesis of ADSCs, which showed mature chondrocyte-like cells and formed cartilage nodules. These cells also produced type II collagen with a reduced production of MMP-3. Our findings suggested that human ADSCs could differentiate into chondrocyte-like cells driven by IGF-1 and BMP-2 and held promises as an abundant and ready source of stem cells for cartilage repair and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhou An
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, 36 San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Foldager CB, Munir S, Ulrik-Vinther M, Søballe K, Bünger C, Lind M. Validation of suitable house keeping genes for hypoxia-cultured human chondrocytes. BMC Mol Biol 2009; 10:94. [PMID: 19818117 PMCID: PMC2764705 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-10-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxic culturing of chondrocytes is gaining increasing interest in cartilage research. Culturing of chondrocytes under low oxygen tension has shown several advantages, among them increased synthesis of extracellular matrix and increased redifferentiation of dedifferentiated chondrocytes. Quantitative gene expression analyses such as quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) are powerful tools in the investigation of underlying mechanisms of cell behavior and are used routinely for differentiation and phenotype assays. However, the genes used for normalization in normoxic cell-cultures might not be suitable in the hypoxic environment. The objective of this study was to determine hypoxia-stable housekeeping genes (HKG) for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in human chondrocytes cultured in 21%, 5% and 1% oxygen by geNorm and NormFinder analyses. Results The chondrocytic response to the hypoxic challange was validated by a significant increase in expression of the hypoxia-inducible gene ankyrin repeat 37 as well as SOX9 in hypoxia. When cultured on the 3-dimentional (3D) scaffold TATA-binding protein (TBP) exhibited the highest expression stability with NormFinder while Ribosomal protein L13a (RPL13A) and beta2-microglobulin (B2M) were the most stable using geNorm analysis. In monolayer RPL13A were the most stable gene using NormFinder, while geNorm assessed RPL13A and human RNA polymerase II (RPII) as most stable. When examining the combination of (3D) culturing and monolayer RPL13A and B2M showed the highest expression stability from geNorm analysis while RPL13A also showed the highest expression stability using NormFinder. Often used HKG such as beta actin (ACTB) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were the most unstable genes investigated in all comparisons. The pairwise variations for the two most stable HKG in each group were all below the cut-off value of 0.15, suggesting that the two most stable HKG from geNorm analysis would be sufficient for qRT-PCR. Conclusion All data combined we recommend RPL13A, B2M and RPII as the best choice for qRT-PCR analyses when comparing normoxic and hypoxic cultured human chondrocytes although other genes might also be suitable. However, the matching of HKG to target genes by means of a thorough investigation of the stability in each study would always be preferable.
Collapse
|
31
|
Felka T, Schäfer R, Schewe B, Benz K, Aicher WK. Hypoxia reduces the inhibitory effect of IL-1beta on chondrogenic differentiation of FCS-free expanded MSC. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17:1368-76. [PMID: 19463979 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a promising tool for tissue engineering of the intervertebral disc (ID). The IDs are characterized by hypoxia and, after degeneration, by an inflammatory environment as well. We therefore investigated the effects of inflammation induced with interleukin (IL)-1beta and of hypoxia (2% O(2)) on the chondrogenic differentiation of MSC. METHODS Bone-marrow-derived MSC (bmMSC) were cultured in a fetal-calf-serum-free medium and characterized according to the minimal criteria for multipotent MSC. Chondrogenic differentiation of MSC was induced following standard protocols, under hypoxic conditions, with or without IL-1beta supplementation. After 28 days of differentiation, micromasses were analyzed by histochemical staining and immunohistochemistry and by determining the mRNA level of chondrogenic marker genes utilizing quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS Micromasses differentiated under IL-1beta supplementation are smaller and express less extracellular matrix (ECM) protein. Micromasses differentiated under hypoxia appear larger in size, display a denser ECM and express marker genes comparable to controls. The combination of hypoxia and IL-1beta supplementation improved chondrogenesis compared to IL-1beta supplementation alone. Micromasses differentiated under standard conditions served as controls. CONCLUSION Inflammatory processes inhibit the chondrogenic differentiation of MSC. This may lessen the regenerative potential of MSC in situ. Thus, for the cell therapy of IDs using MSC to be effective it will be necessary to manage the inflammatory conditions in situ. In contrast, hypoxic conditions exert beneficial effects on chondrogenesis and phenotype stability of transplanted MSC, and may improve the quality of the generated ECM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Felka
- ZMF, Center for Medical Research at UKT, Waldhörnlestrasse 22, 72072 Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Coculture of synovium-derived stem cells and nucleus pulposus cells in serum-free defined medium with supplementation of transforming growth factor-beta1: a potential application of tissue-specific stem cells in disc regeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009; 34:1272-80. [PMID: 19455002 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e3181a2b347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A coculture of synovium-derived stem cells (SDSCs) and nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in a serum-free pellet system was treated with varying doses of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). Cultures of either SDSCs or NPCs alone served as controls. OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess the feasibility of using SDSCs to supplement and replenish NPC population for disc regeneration. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA SDSCs have been proven to be a tissue-specific type of mesenchymal stem cell capable of chondrogenesis. NPCs are chondrocyte-like cells with a high ratio of aggrecan. However, the capacity of SDSCs to complement the NPC population is not known. METHODS SDSCs were negatively isolated from porcine knee joint synovial tissue and NPCs were isolated from porcine lumbar spines (L1-L5). SDSCs and NPCs were cocultured (50:50) in a serum-free pellet system with the supplementation of varying doses (0, 3, 10, and 30 ng/mL) of TGF-beta1 for 14 days. SDSCs or NPCs cultured alone served as controls. Chondrogenic differentiation markers were evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, biochemistry, and TaqMan PCR. RESULTS The coculture of SDSCs and NPCs in a pellet system displayed comparable differentiation properties (high levels of collagen II, aggrecan and Sox 9, a low level of collagen I, and no collagen X detectable) to NPCs alone when treated with high doses of TGF-beta1. Moreover, the coculture and NPCs alone shared a similar higher ratio of aggrecan to collagen II. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) was also observed to be up-regulated in coculture pellets at day 7 and had decreased at day 14 with the time of pellet tissue maturation. CONCLUSION SDSCs may act as a potential mesenchymal stem cell candidate for NP regeneration. Further studies are needed to evaluate the in vivo effect of SDSCs on disc regeneration.
Collapse
|
33
|
Sun X, Wei Y. The role of hypoxia-inducible factor in osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Cytotherapy 2009; 11:261-7. [DOI: 10.1080/14653240902824765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|