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Liao CS, He FZ, Li XY, Zhang Y, Han PF. Analysis of common differential gene expression in synovial cells of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303506. [PMID: 38771826 PMCID: PMC11108184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate potential molecular mechanisms differentiating osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through a bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in patient synovial cells, aiming to provide new insights for clinical treatment strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression datasets GSE1919, GSE82107, and GSE77298 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to serve as the training groups, with GSE55235 being used as the validation dataset. The OA and RA data from the GSE1919 dataset were merged with the standardized data from GSE82107 and GSE77298, followed by batch effect removal to obtain the merged datasets of differential expressed genes (DEGs) for OA and RA. Intersection analysis was conducted on the DEGs between the two conditions to identify commonly upregulated and downregulated DEGs. Enrichment analysis was then performed on these common co-expressed DEGs, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify hub genes. These hub genes were further analyzed using the GENEMANIA online platform and subjected to enrichment analysis. Subsequent validation analysis was conducted using the GSE55235 dataset. RESULTS The analysis of differentially expressed genes in the synovial cells from patients with Osteoarthritis (OA) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), compared to a control group (individuals without OA or RA), revealed significant changes in gene expression patterns. Specifically, the genes APOD, FASN, and SCD were observed to have lower expression levels in the synovial cells of both OA and RA patients, indicating downregulation within the pathological context of these diseases. In contrast, the SDC1 gene was found to be upregulated, displaying higher expression levels in the synovial cells of OA and RA patients compared to normal controls.Additionally, a noteworthy observation was the downregulation of the transcription factor PPARG in the synovial cells of patients with OA and RA. The decrease in expression levels of PPARG further validates the alteration in lipid metabolism and inflammatory processes associated with the pathogenesis of OA and RA. These findings underscore the significance of these genes and the transcription factor not only as biomarkers for differential diagnosis between OA and RA but also as potential targets for therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating their expression to counteract disease progression. CONCLUSION The outcomes of this investigation reveal the existence of potentially shared molecular mechanisms within Osteoarthritis (OA) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The identification of APOD, FASN, SDC1, TNFSF11 as key target genes, along with their downstream transcription factor PPARG, highlights common potential factors implicated in both diseases. A deeper examination and exploration of these findings could pave the way for new candidate targets and directions in therapeutic research aimed at treating both OA and RA. This study underscores the significance of leveraging bioinformatics approaches to unravel complex disease mechanisms, offering a promising avenue for the development of more effective and targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-sheng Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, P.R. China
- Department of Graduate School, Graduate Student Department of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, P.R. China
| | - Fang-zheng He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, P.R. China
- Department of Graduate School, Graduate Student Department of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, P.R. China
| | - Xi-yong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, P.R. China
- Department of Graduate School, Graduate Student Department of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, P.R. China
- Department of Graduate School, Graduate Student Department of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, P.R. China
| | - Peng-fei Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, P.R. China
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Clarke E, Varela L, Jenkins RE, Lozano-Andrés E, Cywińska A, Przewozny M, van Weeren PR, van de Lest CH, Peffers M, Wauben MH. Proteome and phospholipidome interrelationship of synovial fluid-derived extracellular vesicles in equine osteoarthritis: An exploratory 'multi-omics' study to identify composite biomarkers. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 37:101635. [PMID: 38298208 PMCID: PMC10828605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis causes progressive joint deterioration, severe morbidity, and reduced mobility in both humans and horses. Currently, osteoarthritis is diagnosed at late stages through clinical examination and radiographic imaging, hence it is challenging to address and provide timely therapeutic interventions to slow disease progression or ameliorate symptoms. Extracellular vesicles are cell-derived vesicles that play a key role in cell-to-cell communication and are potential sources for specific composite biomarker panel discovery. We here used a multi-omics strategy combining proteomics and phospholipidomics in an integral approach to identify composite biomarkers associated to purified extracellular vesicles from synovial fluid of healthy, mildly and severely osteoarthritic equine joints. Although the number of extracellular vesicles was unaffected by osteoarthritis, proteome profiling of extracellular vesicles by mass spectrometry identified 40 differentially expressed proteins (non-adjusted p < 0.05) in osteoarthritic joints associated with 7 significant canonical pathways in osteoarthritis. Moreover, pathway analysis unveiled changes in disease and molecular functions during osteoarthritis development. Phospholipidome profiling by mass spectrometry showed a relative increase in sphingomyelin and a decrease in phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine in extracellular vesicles derived from osteoarthritic joints compared to healthy joints. Unsupervised data integration revealed positive correlations between the proteome and the phospholipidome. Comprehensive analysis showed that some phospholipids and their related proteins increased as the severity of osteoarthritis progressed, while others decreased or remained stable. Altogether our data show interrelationships between synovial fluid extracellular vesicle-associated phospholipids and proteins responding to osteoarthritis pathology and which could be explored as potential composite diagnostic biomarkers of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Clarke
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Laura Varela
- Division Equine Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rosalind E. Jenkins
- Centre for Drug Safety Science Bioanalytical Facility, Liverpool Shared Research Facilities, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Andrés
- Division Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Cywińska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | | | - P. René van Weeren
- Division Equine Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chris H.A. van de Lest
- Division Equine Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mandy Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marca H.M. Wauben
- Division Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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3
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Wei G, Lu K, Umar M, Zhu Z, Lu WW, Speakman JR, Chen Y, Tong L, Chen D. Risk of metabolic abnormalities in osteoarthritis: a new perspective to understand its pathological mechanisms. Bone Res 2023; 11:63. [PMID: 38052778 PMCID: PMC10698167 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although aging has traditionally been viewed as the most important risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA), an increasing amount of epidemiological evidence has highlighted the association between metabolic abnormalities and OA, particularly in younger individuals. Metabolic abnormalities, such as obesity and type II diabetes, are strongly linked to OA, and they affect both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing joints, thus suggesting that the pathogenesis of OA is more complicated than the mechanical stress induced by overweight. This review aims to explore the recent advances in research on the relationship between metabolic abnormalities and OA risk, including the impact of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, the potential pathogenesis and targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizheng Wei
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ke Lu
- Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhenglin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - William W Lu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - John R Speakman
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Liping Tong
- Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Di Chen
- Research Center for Computer-aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Dahal L, Graham TGW, Dailey GM, Heckert A, Tjian R, Darzacq X. Surprising Features of Nuclear Receptor Interaction Networks Revealed by Live Cell Single Molecule Imaging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.16.558083. [PMID: 37745337 PMCID: PMC10516011 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.16.558083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 Nuclear Receptors (T2NRs) require heterodimerization with a common partner, the Retinoid X Receptor (RXR), to bind cognate DNA recognition sites in chromatin. Based on previous biochemical and over-expression studies, binding of T2NRs to chromatin is proposed to be regulated by competition for a limiting pool of the core RXR subunit. However, this mechanism has not yet been tested for endogenous proteins in live cells. Using single molecule tracking (SMT) and proximity-assisted photoactivation (PAPA), we monitored interactions between endogenously tagged retinoid X receptor (RXR) and retinoic acid receptor (RAR) in live cells. Unexpectedly, we find that higher expression of RAR, but not RXR increases heterodimerization and chromatin binding in U2OS cells. This surprising finding indicates the limiting factor is not RXR but likely its cadre of obligate dimer binding partners. SMT and PAPA thus provide a direct way to probe which components are functionally limiting within a complex TF interaction network providing new insights into mechanisms of gene regulation in vivo with implications for drug development targeting nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Dahal
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Thomas GW Graham
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Gina M Dailey
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Alec Heckert
- Eikon Therapeutics Inc., Hayward, California, United States
| | - Robert Tjian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, United States
| | - Xavier Darzacq
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, United States
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5
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Rao C, Shi S. Development of Nanomaterials to Target Articular Cartilage for Osteoarthritis Therapy. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:900344. [PMID: 36032667 PMCID: PMC9402910 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.900344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an obstinate, degradative, and complicated disease that has drawn much attention worldwide. Characterized by its stubborn symptoms and various sequela, OA causes much financial burden on both patients and the health system. What’s more, conventional systematic therapy is not effective enough and causes multiple side effects. There’s much evidence that nanoparticles have unique properties such as high penetration, biostability, and large specific surface area. Thus, it is urgent to exploit novel medications for OA. Nanomaterials have been sufficiently studied, exploiting diverse nano-drug delivery systems (DDSs) and targeted nano therapeutical molecules. The nanomaterials are primarily intra-articular injected under the advantages of high topical concentration and low dosage. After administration, the DDS and targeted nano therapeutical molecules can specifically react with the components, including cartilage and synovium of a joint in OA, furthermore attenuate the chondrocyte apoptosis, matrix degradation, and macrophage recruitment. Thus, arthritis would be alleviated. The DDSs could load with conventional anti-inflammatory drugs, antibodies, RNA, and so on, targeting chondrocytes, synovium, or extracellular matrix (ECM) and releasing the molecules sequentially. The targeted nano therapeutical molecules could directly get to the targeted tissue, alleviating the inflammation and promoting tissue healing. This review will comprehensively collect and evaluate the targeted nanomaterials to articular cartilage in OA.
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Thottakkattumana Parameswaran V, Hild C, Eichner G, Ishaque B, Rickert M, Steinmeyer J. Interleukin-1 Induces the Release of Lubricating Phospholipids from Human Osteoarthritic Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2409. [PMID: 35269552 PMCID: PMC8910712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Synovial fluid (SF) from knee joints with osteoarthritis (OA) has increased levels of phospholipids (PL). We have reported earlier that TGF-ß and IGF-1 stimulate fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) to synthesize increased amounts of PLs. The current study examined whether IL-1ß induces the release of PLs in FLS and the underlying mechanism. (2) Methods: Cultured human OA FLS were treated with IL-1ß alone and with pathway inhibitors or with synthetic liver X receptor (LXR) agonists. Cholesterol hydroxylases, ABC transporters, apolipoproteins (APO), LXR, sterol regulatory binding proteins (SREBPs), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) were analyzed by RT-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. The release of radiolabeled PLs from FLS was determined, and statistical analysis was performed using R (N = 5-9). (3) Results: Like synthetic LXR agonists, IL-1ß induced a 1.4-fold greater release of PLs from FLS. Simultaneously, IL-1ß upregulated the level of the PL transporter ABCA1 and of cholesterol hydroxylases CH25H and CYP7B1. IL-1ß and T0901317 stimulated the expression of SREBP1c, whereas only T0901317 enhanced SREBP2, HMGCR, APOE, LXRα, and ABCG1 additionally. (4) Conclusions: IL-1ß partially controls PL levels in OA-SF by affecting the release of PLs from FLS. Our data show that IL-1ß upregulates cholesterol hydroxylases and thus the formation of oxysterols, which, as natural agonists of LXR, increase the level of active ABCA1, in turn enhancing the release of PLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Thottakkattumana Parameswaran
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.T.P.); (C.H.); (B.I.); (M.R.)
| | - Christiane Hild
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.T.P.); (C.H.); (B.I.); (M.R.)
| | - Gerrit Eichner
- Mathematical Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Bernd Ishaque
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.T.P.); (C.H.); (B.I.); (M.R.)
| | - Markus Rickert
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.T.P.); (C.H.); (B.I.); (M.R.)
| | - Juergen Steinmeyer
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (V.T.P.); (C.H.); (B.I.); (M.R.)
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Qin Y, Li J, Zhou Y, Yin C, Li Y, Chen M, Du Y, Li T, Yan J. Apolipoprotein D as a Potential Biomarker and Construction of a Transcriptional Regulatory-Immune Network Associated with Osteoarthritis by Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis. Cartilage 2021; 13:1702S-1717S. [PMID: 34719950 PMCID: PMC8808834 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211053824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synovial inflammation influences the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Herein, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers and analyze transcriptional regulatory-immune mechanism of synovitis in OA using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). DESIGN A data set of OA synovium samples (GSE55235) was analyzed based on WGCNA. The most significant module with OA was identified and function annotation of the module was performed, following which the hub genes of the module were identified using Pearson correlation and a protein-protein interaction network was constructed. A transcriptional regulatory network of hub genes was constructed using the TRRUST database. The immune cell infiltration of OA samples was evaluated using the single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) method. The hub genes coexpressed in multiple tissues were then screened out using data sets of synovium, cartilage, chondrocyte, subchondral bone, and synovial fluid samples. Finally, transcriptional factors and coexpressed hub genes were validated via experiments. RESULTS The turquoise module of GSE55235 was identified via WGCNA. Functional annotation analysis showed that "mineral absorption" and "FoxO signaling pathway" were mostly enriched in the module. JUN, EGR1, FOSB, and KLF4 acted as central nodes in protein-protein interaction network and transcription factors to connect several target genes. "Activated B cell," "activated CD4T cell," "eosinophil," "neutrophil," and "type 17 T helper cell" showed high immune infiltration, while FOSB, KLF6, and MYBL2 showed significant negative correlation with type 17 T helper cell. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the expression level of apolipoprotein D (APOD) was correlated with OA. Furthermore, transcriptional regulatory-immune network was constructed, which may contribute to OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yonggang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chengliang Yin
- Medical Big Data Research Center,
Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing,
China,National Engineering Laboratory for
Medical Big Data Application Technology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing,
China,Faculty of Medicine, Macau University
of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinqiao Du
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tiejian Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglong Yan
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Jinglong Yan, Department of Orthopedics
Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246
Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China.
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Papathanasiou I, Anastasopoulou L, Tsezou A. Cholesterol metabolism related genes in osteoarthritis. Bone 2021; 152:116076. [PMID: 34174501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis plays a significant role in skeletal development and the dysregulation of cholesterol-related mechanism has been shown to be involved in the development of cartilage diseases including osteoarthritis (OA). Epidemiological studies have shown an association between elevated serum cholesterol levels and OA. Furthermore, abnormal lipid accumulation in chondrocytes as a result of abnormal regulation of cholesterol homeostasis has been demonstrated to be involved in the development of OA. Although, many in vivo and in vitro studies support the connection between cholesterol and cartilage degradation, the mechanisms underlying the complex interactions between lipid metabolism, especially HDL cholesterol metabolism, and OA remain unclear. The current review aims to address this problem and focuses on key molecular players of the HDL metabolism pathway and their role in ΟΑ pathogenesis. Understanding the complexity of biological processes implicated in OA pathogenesis, such as cholesterol metabolism, may lead to new targets for drug therapy of OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Papathanasiou
- Department of Biology, University of Thessaly, Faculty of Medicine, Larisa, Greece; Department of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, University of Thessaly, Faculty of Medicine, Larisa, Greece
| | - Lydia Anastasopoulou
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Aspasia Tsezou
- Department of Biology, University of Thessaly, Faculty of Medicine, Larisa, Greece; Department of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, University of Thessaly, Faculty of Medicine, Larisa, Greece.
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9
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Sanchez D, Ganfornina MD. The Lipocalin Apolipoprotein D Functional Portrait: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:738991. [PMID: 34690812 PMCID: PMC8530192 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.738991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D is a chordate gene early originated in the Lipocalin protein family. Among other features, regulation of its expression in a wide variety of disease conditions in humans, as apparently unrelated as neurodegeneration or breast cancer, have called for attention on this gene. Also, its presence in different tissues, from blood to brain, and different subcellular locations, from HDL lipoparticles to the interior of lysosomes or the surface of extracellular vesicles, poses an interesting challenge in deciphering its physiological function: Is ApoD a moonlighting protein, serving different roles in different cellular compartments, tissues, or organisms? Or does it have a unique biochemical mechanism of action that accounts for such apparently diverse roles in different physiological situations? To answer these questions, we have performed a systematic review of all primary publications where ApoD properties have been investigated in chordates. We conclude that ApoD ligand binding in the Lipocalin pocket, combined with an antioxidant activity performed at the rim of the pocket are properties sufficient to explain ApoD association with different lipid-based structures, where its physiological function is better described as lipid-management than by long-range lipid-transport. Controlling the redox state of these lipid structures in particular subcellular locations or extracellular structures, ApoD is able to modulate an enormous array of apparently diverse processes in the organism, both in health and disease. The new picture emerging from these data should help to put the physiological role of ApoD in new contexts and to inspire well-focused future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sanchez
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria D Ganfornina
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Valladolid, Spain
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Li H, Li X, Yang B, Su J, Cai S, Huang J, Hu T, Chen L, Xu Y, Li Y. The retinoid X receptor α modulator K-80003 suppresses inflammatory and catabolic responses in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16956. [PMID: 34417523 PMCID: PMC8379249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a most common and highly prevalent joint disease, is closely associated with dysregulated expression and modification of RXRα. However, the role of RXRα in the pathophysiology of OA remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate whether RXRα modulator, such as K-80003 can treat OA. Experimental OA was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) in the knee joint of rats. Articular cartilage degeneration was assessed using Safranin-O and fast green staining. Synovial inflammation was measured using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Expressions of MMP-13, ADAMTS-4 and ERα in joints were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Western blot, RT-PCR and co-Immunoprecipitation (co-IP) were used to assess the effects of K-80003 on RXRα-ERα interaction. Retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) modulator K-80003 prevented the degeneration of articular cartilage, reduced synovial inflammation, and alleviated osteoarthritic pain in rats. Furthermore, K-80003 markedly inhibited IL-1β-induced p65 nuclear translocation and IκBα degradation, and down-regulate the expression of HIF-2α, proteinases (MMP9, MMP13, ADAMTS-4) and pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6 and TNFα) in primary chondrocytes. Additionally, knockdown of ERα with siRNA blocked these effects of K-80003 in chondrocytes. In conclusion, RXRα modulators K-80003 suppresses inflammatory and catabolic responses in OA, suggesting that targeting RXRα-ERα interaction by RXRα modulators might be a novel therapeutic approach for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- The Department of Science and Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory On Hematology, Department of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, No. 29 Xinquan Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Boyu Yang
- The Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Junnan Su
- The Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Shaofang Cai
- The Department of Science and Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinmei Huang
- The Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Tianfu Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Community Health Service Center of Qiaoying Street, Xiamen, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Community Health Service Center of Qiaoying Street, Xiamen, China
| | - Yaping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research On the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, China.
- Xiamen Institute of Rare-Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian, 361005, China.
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11
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Mai CT, Zheng DC, Li XZ, Zhou H, Xie Y. Liver X receptors conserve the therapeutic target potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105747. [PMID: 34186192 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic multi-system autoimmune disease with extremely complex pathogenesis. Significantly altered lipid paradox related to the inflammatory burden is reported in RA patients, inducing 50% higher cardiovascular risks. Recent studies have also demonstrated that lipid metabolism can regulate many functions of immune cells in which metabolic pathways have altered. The nuclear liver X receptors (LXRs), including LXRα and LXRβ, play a central role in regulating lipid homeostasis and inflammatory responses. Undoubtedly, LXRs have been considered as an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of RA. However, there are some contradictory effects of LXRs agonists observed in previous animal studies where both pro-inflammatory role and anti-inflammatory role were revealed for LXRs activation in RA. Therefore, in addition to updating the knowledge of LXRs as the prominent regulators of lipid homeostasis, the purpose of this review is to summarize the effects of LXRs agonists in RA-associated immune cells, to explore the underlying reasons for the contradictory therapeutic effects of LXRs agonists observed in RA animal models, and to discuss future strategy for the treatment of RA with LXRs modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Tian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau; Faculty of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - De-Chong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau; Faculty of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Xin-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau; Faculty of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Ying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.
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12
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He H, Lu M, Shi H, Yue G, Luo H. Vaspin regulated cartilage cholesterol metabolism through miR155/LXRα and participated in the occurrence of osteoarthritis in rats. Life Sci 2021; 269:119096. [PMID: 33482192 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study intends to explore the role of Vaspin and cholesterol metabolism in the process of osteoarthritis (OA) and its mechanism in vitro and in vivo. MAIN METHODS In vitro, chondrocytes were treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β, 20 ng/mL) in combination with Vaspin at different concentrations for 48 h. The expressions of Aggrecan (ACAN), Collagen 2a1 (Col2a1), A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with Thrombo Spondin type 1 motifs 5 (ADAMTS 5), and Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) were detected. In vivo, the expression of liver X receptor (LXRα) and other Cholesterol efflux related genes were detected in the rat OA knee cartilage-induced by papain. KEY FINDINGS In vitro, in a concentration-dependent manner, Vaspin reversed the decreased expression of ACAN and Col2a1, and the increased expression of ADAMTS 5 and MMP13 caused by IL-1β. Besides, Vaspin promoted the expression of LXRα and other Cholesterol efflux related genes in a concentration-dependent manner in chondrocytes. However, miR155 mimics reversed the Vaspin-induced expression changes of cholesterol efflux pathway in chondrocytes. In vivo, the expression of LXRα and other Cholesterol efflux related genes were decreased in the rat OA knee cartilage-induced by papain. Besides, the level of Vaspin was reduced and the miroRNA155 (miR155) expression was increased in OA knee cartilage of rats. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, the decreased expression of Vaspin inhibited the expression of Cholesterol efflux pathway via miR155/LXRα. Finally, the inhibited Cholesterol efflux pathway led to the cholesterol accumulation and OA in cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyuan He
- Department of Joint Osteopathy, Guangxi Liuzhou Workers Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545000, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mengting Lu
- Department of Joint Osteopathy, Guangxi Liuzhou Workers Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545000, China
| | - Huasong Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Guoping Yue
- Department of Joint Osteopathy, Guangxi Liuzhou Workers Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545000, China
| | - Hanwen Luo
- Department of Joint Osteopathy, Guangxi Liuzhou Workers Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545000, China.
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13
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Villalvilla A, Larrañaga-Vera A, Lamuedra A, Pérez-Baos S, López-Reyes AG, Herrero-Beaumont G, Largo R. Modulation of the Inflammatory Process by Hypercholesterolemia in Osteoarthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:566250. [PMID: 33102504 PMCID: PMC7546767 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.566250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Several studies have linked metabolic syndrome to the development of osteoarthritis (OA) through hypercholesterolemia, one of its components. However, epidemiological studies showed contradictory results, and it is not clear how hypercholesterolemia itself, or oxidized LDL (oxLDL)-a pathological molecule potentially involved in this relationship-could be affecting OA. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of hypercholesterolemia induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in cartilage from OA rabbits, and how oxLDL affect human chondrocyte inflammatory and catabolic responses. Design: New Zealand rabbits were fed with HFD for 18 weeks. On week 6, OA was surgically induced. At the end of the study, cartilage damage and IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, MMP-13, and COX-2 expression in articular cartilage were evaluated. In addition, cultured human OA articular chondrocytes were treated with oxLDL at concentrations equivalent to those expected in synovial fluid from HFD rabbits, in the presence of IL-1β and TNFα. The effect of oxLDL on cell viability, nitric oxide production and catabolic and pro-inflammatory gene expression was evaluated. Results: HFD intake did not modify cartilage structure or pro-inflammatory and catabolic gene expression and protein presence, both in healthy and OA animals. OxLDL did not affect human chondrocyte viability, ADAMTS5 and liver X receptor (LXR) α gene expression, but decreased the induction of IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, MMP-13, iNOS, and COX-2 gene expression and MMP-13 and COX-2 protein presence, evoked by cytokines. Conclusions: Our data suggest that cholesterol intake per se may not be deleterious for articular cartilage. Instead, cholesterol de novo synthesis and altered cholesterol metabolism could be involved in the associations observed in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Villalvilla
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ane Larrañaga-Vera
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Lamuedra
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Pérez-Baos
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto G López-Reyes
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Geroscience Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Folkesson E, Turkiewicz A, Ali N, Rydén M, Hughes H, Tjörnstrand J, Önnerfjord P, Englund M. Proteomic comparison of osteoarthritic and reference human menisci using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:1092-1101. [PMID: 32407894 PMCID: PMC7397514 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent research in knee osteoarthritis (OA) highlights the role of the meniscus in OA pathology. Our aim was to compare the proteomes of medial and lateral menisci from end-stage medial compartment knee OA patients, with reference menisci from knee-healthy deceased donors, using mass spectrometry. DESIGN Tissue plugs of Ø3 mm were obtained from the posterior horns of the lateral and medial menisci from one knee of 10 knee-healthy deceased donors and 10 patients undergoing knee replacement. Proteins were extracted and prepared for mass spectrometric analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted on abundance data that was log2-transformed, using a linear mixed effects model and evaluated using pathway analysis. RESULTS We identified a total of 835 proteins in all samples, of which 331 were included in the statistical analysis. The largest differences could be seen between the medial menisci from OA patients and references, with most proteins showing higher intensities in the medial menisci from OA patients. Several matrix proteins, e.g., matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) (4.3 times higher values [95%CI 1.8, 10.6]), TIMP1 (3.5 [1.4, 8.5]), asporin (4.1 [1.7, 10.0]) and versican (4.4 [1.8, 10.9]), all showed higher abundance in medial menisci from OA patients compared to medial reference menisci. OA medial menisci also showed increased activation of several pathways involved in inflammation. CONCLUSION An increase in protein abundance for proteins such as MMP and TIMP1 in the medial menisci from OA patients suggests simultaneous activation of both catabolic and anabolic processes that warrants further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Folkesson
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden,Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Lund, Sweden,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: E. Folkesson, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University Molecular Skeletal Biology - BMC-C12, Klinikgatan 28, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - A. Turkiewicz
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden
| | - N. Ali
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden
| | - M. Rydén
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden
| | - H.V. Hughes
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden
| | - J. Tjörnstrand
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden,Department of Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - P. Önnerfjord
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Lund, Sweden
| | - M. Englund
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden,Clinical Epidemiology Research and Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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van den Akker GGH, Eijssen LMT, Richardson SM, Rhijn LWV, Hoyland JA, Welting TJM, Voncken JW. A Membranome-Centered Approach Defines Novel Biomarkers for Cellular Subtypes in the Intervertebral Disc. Cartilage 2020; 11:203-220. [PMID: 29629573 PMCID: PMC7097986 DOI: 10.1177/1947603518764260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lack of specific marker-sets prohibits definition and functional distinction of cellular subtypes in the intervertebral disc (IVD), such as those from the annulus fibrosus (AF) and the nucleus pulposus (NP). DESIGN We recently generated immortalized cell lines from human NP and AF tissues; these comprise a set of functionally distinct clonal subtypes. Whole transcriptome analyses were performed of 12 phenotypically distinct clonal cell lines (4× NP-Responder, 4× NP-nonResponder, 2× AF-Sheet forming, and 2× AF-nonSheet forming). Data sets were filtered for membrane-associated marker genes and compared to literature. RESULTS Comparison of our immortal cell lines to published primary NP, AF, and articular chondrocytes (AC) transcriptome datasets revealed preservation of AF and NP phenotypes. NP-specific membrane-associated genes were defined by comparison to AF cells in both the primary dataset (46 genes) and immortal cell-lines (161 genes). Definition of AF-specific membrane-associated genes yielded 125 primary AF cell and 92 immortal cell-line markers. Overlap between primary and immortal NP cells yielded high-confidence NP-specific marker genes for NP-R (CLDN11, TMEFF2, CA12, ANXA2, CD44) and NP-nR (EFNA1, NETO2, SLC2A1). Overlap between AF and immortal AF subtypes yielded specific markers for AF-S (COLEC12, LPAR1) and AF-nS (CHIC1). CONCLUSIONS The current study provides a reference platform for preclinical evaluation of novel membrane-associated cell type-specific markers in the IVD. Future research will focus on their biological relevance for IVD function in development, homeostasis, and degenerate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guus G. H. van den Akker
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lars M. T. Eijssen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stephen M. Richardson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lodewijk W. van Rhijn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Judith A. Hoyland
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tim J. M. Welting
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Voncken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
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16
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Sun MMG, Beier F. Liver X Receptor activation regulates genes involved in lipid homeostasis in developing chondrocytes. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2020; 2:100030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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17
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Cannata F, Vadalà G, Ambrosio L, Napoli N, Papalia R, Denaro V, Pozzilli P. Osteoarthritis and type 2 diabetes: From pathogenetic factors to therapeutic intervention. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3254. [PMID: 31829509 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, osteoarthritis (OA) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence increased due to the global ageing population and the pandemic obesity. They currently affect a substantial part of the Western world population and are characterized by enhancing the risk of disability and reduction of quality of life. OA is a multifactorial condition whose development derives from the interaction between individual and environmental factors: The best known primarily include age, female gender, genetic determinants, articular biomechanics, and obesity (OB). Given the high prevalence of OA and T2D and their association with OB and inflammation, several studies have been conducted to investigate the causative role of biological characteristics proper to T2D on the development of OA. This review aims to analyse the relationship between of OA and T2D, in order to explain the pathophysiological drivers of the degenerative process and to delineate possible targets to which appropriate treatments may be addressed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cannata
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vadalà
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Ambrosio
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Papalia
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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18
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Zhu N, Zhang P, Du L, Hou J, Xu B. Identification of key genes and expression profiles in osteoarthritis by co-expressed network analysis. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 85:107225. [PMID: 32135469 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying molecular characteristics of osteoarthritis (OA), a common age-related joint disease, remains elusive. Here, we aimed to identify potential early diagnostic biomarkers and elucidate underlying mechanisms of OA using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). MATERIAL AND METHODS We obtained the gene expression profile dataset GSE55235, GSE55457, and GSE55584, from the Gene Expression Omnibus. WGCNA was used to investigate the changes in co-expressed genes between normal and OA synovial membrane samples. Modules that were highly correlated to OA were subjected to functional enrichment analysis using the R clusterProfiler package. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two samples were screened using the "limma" package in R. A Venn diagram was constructed to intersect the genes in significant modules and DEGs. RT -PCR was used to further verify the hub gene expression levels between normal and OA samples. RESULTS The preserved significant module was found to be highly associated with OA development and progression (P < 1e-200, correlation = 0.92). Functional enrichment analysis suggested that the antiquewhite4 module was highly correlated to FoxO signaling pathway, and the metabolism of fatty acids and 2-oxocarboxylic acid. A total of 13 hub genes were identified based on significant module network topology and DEG analysis, and RT-PCR confirmed that these genes were significantly increased in OA samples compared with that in normal samples. CONCLUSIONS We identified 13 hub genes correlated to the development and progression of OA, which may provide new biomarkers and drug targets for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiqiang Zhu
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Second Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lilong Du
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jingyi Hou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300070, China.
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19
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Goltsman I, Khoury EE, Aronson D, Nativ O, Feuerstein GZ, Winaver J, Abassi Z. Rosiglitazone treatment restores renal responsiveness to atrial natriuretic peptide in rats with congestive heart failure. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4779-4794. [PMID: 31087547 PMCID: PMC6584517 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma agonists has restricted clinical use for diabetes mellitus due to fluid retention and potential cardiovascular risks. These side effects are attributed in part to direct salt‐retaining effect of TZDs at the renal collecting duct. A recent study from our group revealed that prolonged rosiglitazone (RGZ) treatment caused no Na+/H2O retention or up‐regulation of Na+ transport‐linked channels/transporters in experimental congestive heart failure (CHF) induced by surgical aorto‐caval fistula (ACF). The present study examines the effects of RGZ on renal and cardiac responses to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), Acetylcholine (Ach) and S‐Nitroso‐N‐acetylpenicillamine (SNAP‐NO donor). Furthermore, we assessed the impact of RGZ on gene expression related to the ANP signalling pathway in animals with ACF. Rats subjected to ACF (or sham) were treated with either RGZ (30 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 4 weeks. Cardiac chambers pressures and volumes were assessed invasively via Miller catheter. Kidney excretory and renal hemodynamic in response to ANP, Ach and SNAP were examined. Renal clearance along with cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), gene expression of renal CHF‐related genes and ANP signalling in the kidney were determined. RGZ‐treated CHF rats exhibited significant improvement in the natriuretic responses to ANP infusion. This ‘sensitization’ to ANP was not associated with increases in neither urinary cGMP nor in vitro cGMP production. However, RGZ caused down‐regulation of several genes in the renal cortex (Ace, Nos3 and Npr1) and up‐regulation of ACE2, Agtrla, Mme and Cftr along down‐regulation of Avpr2, Npr1,2, Nos3 and Pde3 in the medulla. In conclusion, CHF+RGZ rats exhibited significant enhancement in the natriuretic responses to ANP infusion, which are known to be blunted in CHF. This ‘sensitization’ to ANP is independent of cGMP signalling, yet may involve post‐cGMP signalling target genes such as ACE2, CFTR and V2 receptor. The possibility that TZD treatment in uncomplicated CHF may be less detrimental than thought before deserves additional investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Goltsman
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel
| | - Emad E Khoury
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel
| | - Doron Aronson
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Omri Nativ
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel
| | - Giora Z Feuerstein
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,FARMACON LLC, Translational Medicine Company, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Winaver
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zaid Abassi
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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20
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Sun MMG, Beier F, Ratneswaran A. Nuclear receptors as potential drug targets in osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 40:81-86. [PMID: 29626714 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is amongst the major causes of disability worldwide, but no medications that can slow or stop progression of this disorder have been identified. Recent evidence suggests roles for a variety of members of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors in various forms of osteoarthritis. Since nuclear receptors are amongst the major classes of drug targets, these studies suggest that modulators of nuclear receptor activity might provide novel strategies to treat osteoarthritis. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the role of nuclear receptors in osteoarthritis onset and progression, as well as their therapeutic implications. Future studies should continue to examine the possible roles of additional nuclear receptors in the pathophysiology of different types of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Man-Ger Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1; Bone & Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1; Bone & Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1.
| | - Anusha Ratneswaran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1; Bone & Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1
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21
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Differentiated all-trans retinoic acid response of naive CD4+CD25- cells isolated from rats with collagen-induced arthritis and healthy ones under in vitro conditions. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 42:39-53. [PMID: 28680330 PMCID: PMC5470613 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2017.67317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim o the study To compare the potential of CD4+CD25– cells, isolated from both healthy rats and rats with CIA (Collagen-Induced Arthritis), for differentiation into regulatory T cells in the presence of all-trans retinoic acid in order to learn more about the activation mechanisms and therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells. Material and methods Sorted CD4+CD25– cells were cultured in vitro with/without ATRA, and then the frequency of regulatory T cells and their ability to secrete IL-10 by CD4+ FOXP3+ cells was examined. Gene expression of the foxp3, rarα, rarβ, rxrβ, and ppar β/δ and protein expression of the Rarα, Rarβ, and Rxrβ in cells after stimulation with ATRA were also investigated. Results CD4+CD25– cells isolated from healthy animals or from animals with CIA are characterised by different potential of the differentiation into CD4+CD25+ FOXP3+ cells. Retinoic acid receptor Rxrβ is present in the CD4+CD25– cells isolated from rats with CIA. Conclusions We showed that although ATRA did not increase the frequency of Treg in culture, it significantly increased expression of rarβ and rxrβ only in lymphocytes taken from diseased animals and foxp3 expression only in healthy animals. Moreover, after ATRA stimulation, the frequency of Treg-produced IL-10 tended to be lower in diseased animals than in the healthy group. The results imply that the potential of naïve cell CD4 lymphocytes to differentiate into Tregs and their putative suppressive function is dependent on the donor’s health status.
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22
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Hulme CH, Wilson EL, Peffers MJ, Roberts S, Simpson DM, Richardson JB, Gallacher P, Wright KT. Autologous chondrocyte implantation-derived synovial fluids display distinct responder and non-responder proteomic profiles. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:150. [PMID: 28666451 PMCID: PMC5493128 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) can be used in the treatment of focal cartilage injuries to prevent the onset of osteoarthritis (OA). However, we are yet to understand fully why some individuals do not respond well to this intervention. Identification of a reliable and accurate biomarker panel that can predict which patients are likely to respond well to ACI is needed in order to assign the patient to the most appropriate therapy. This study aimed to compare the baseline and mid-treatment proteomic profiles of synovial fluids (SFs) obtained from responders and non-responders to ACI. Methods SFs were derived from 14 ACI responders (mean Lysholm improvement of 33 (17–54)) and 13 non-responders (mean Lysholm decrease of 14 (4–46)) at the two stages of surgery (cartilage harvest and chondrocyte implantation). Label-free proteome profiling of dynamically compressed SFs was used to identify predictive markers of ACI success or failure and to investigate the biological pathways involved in the clinical response to ACI. Results Only 1 protein displayed a ≥2.0-fold differential abundance in the preclinical SF of ACI responders versus non-responders. However, there is a marked difference between these two groups with regard to their proteome shift in response to cartilage harvest, with 24 and 92 proteins showing ≥2.0-fold differential abundance between Stages I and II in responders and non-responders, respectively. Proteomic data has been uploaded to ProteomeXchange (identifier: PXD005220). We have validated two biologically relevant protein changes associated with this response, demonstrating that matrix metalloproteinase 1 was prominently elevated and S100 calcium binding protein A13 was reduced in response to cartilage harvest in non-responders. Conclusions The differential proteomic response to cartilage harvest noted in responders versus non-responders is completely novel. Our analyses suggest several pathways which appear to be altered in non-responders that are worthy of further investigation to elucidate the mechanisms of ACI failure. These protein changes highlight many putative biomarkers that may have potential for prediction of ACI treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte H Hulme
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.,Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK
| | - Emma L Wilson
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK.,Institute of Medicine, Chester University, Chester, UK
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sally Roberts
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.,Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK
| | - Deborah M Simpson
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - James B Richardson
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK.,Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK
| | - Pete Gallacher
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK
| | - Karina T Wright
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK. .,Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK.
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23
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Papachristou NI, Blair HC, Kypreos KE, Papachristou DJ. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and bone mass. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:R95-R107. [PMID: 28314771 PMCID: PMC5598779 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well appreciated that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and bone physiology and pathology are tightly linked. Studies, primarily in mouse models, have shown that dysfunctional and/or disturbed HDL can affect bone mass through many different ways. Specifically, reduced HDL levels have been associated with the development of an inflammatory microenvironment that affects the differentiation and function of osteoblasts. In addition, perturbation in metabolic pathways of HDL favors adipoblastic differentiation and restrains osteoblastic differentiation through, among others, the modification of specific bone-related chemokines and signaling cascades. Increased bone marrow adiposity also deteriorates bone osteoblastic function and thus bone synthesis, leading to reduced bone mass. In this review, we present the current knowledge and the future directions with regard to the HDL-bone mass connection. Unraveling the molecular phenomena that underline this connection will promote the deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of bone-related pathologies, such as osteoporosis or bone metastasis, and pave the way toward the development of novel and more effective therapies against these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholaos I Papachristou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-EmbryologyUnit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Harry C Blair
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Pittsburgh VA Medical CenterPittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Dionysios J Papachristou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-EmbryologyUnit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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24
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Ratneswaran A, Sun MMG, Dupuis H, Sawyez C, Borradaile N, Beier F. Nuclear receptors regulate lipid metabolism and oxidative stress markers in chondrocytes. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:431-444. [PMID: 28070626 PMCID: PMC5357281 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Joint homeostasis failure can result in osteoarthritis (OA). Currently, there are no treatments to alter disease progression in OA, but targeting early changes in cellular behavior has great potential. Recent data show that nuclear receptors contribute to the pathogenesis of OA and could be viable therapeutic targets, but their molecular mechanisms in cartilage are incompletely understood. This study examines global changes in gene expression after treatment with agonists for four nuclear receptor implicated in OA (LXR, PPARδ, PPARγ, and RXR). Murine articular chondrocytes were treated with agonists for LXR, PPARδ, PPARγ, or RXR and underwent microarray, qPCR, and cellular lipid analyses to evaluate changes in gene expression and lipid profile. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to compare two differentially expressed targets (Txnip, Gsta4) in control and cartilage-specific PPARδ knockout mice subjected to surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Nuclear receptor agonists induced different gene expression profiles with many responses affecting lipid metabolism. LXR activation downregulated gene expression of proteases involved in OA, whereas RXR agonism decreased expression of ECM components and increased expression of Mmp13. Functional assays indicate increases in cell triglyceride accumulation after PPARγ, LXR, and RXR agonism but a decrease after PPARδ agonism. PPARδ and RXR downregulate the antioxidant Gsta4, and PPARδ upregulates Txnip. Wild-type, but not PPARδ-deficient mice, display increased staining for Txnip after DMM. Collectively, these data demonstrate that nuclear receptor activation in chondrocytes primarily affects lipid metabolism. In the case of PPARδ, this change might lead to increased oxidative stress, possibly contributing to OA-associated changes. Key message Nuclear receptors regulate metabolic genes in chondrocytes. Nuclear receptors affect triglyceride levels. PPARδ mediates regulation of oxidative stress markers. Nuclear receptors are promising therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00109-016-1501-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Ratneswaran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Western Bone & Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret Man-Ger Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Western Bone & Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Holly Dupuis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.,Western Bone & Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia Sawyez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Nica Borradaile
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada. .,Western Bone & Joint Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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25
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Prenatal food restriction induces poor-quality articular cartilage in female rat offspring fed a post-weaning high-fat diet and its intra-uterine programming mechanisms. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1346-1355. [PMID: 27680963 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451600338x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data show that osteoarthritis (OA) is significantly associated with lower birth weight, and that OA may be a type of fetal-originated adult disease. The present study aimed to investigate the prenatal food-restriction (PFR) effect on the quality of articular cartilage in female offspring to explore the underlying mechanisms of fetal-originated OA. Maternal rats were fed a restricted diet from gestational day (GD) 11 to 20 to induce intra-uterine growth retardation. Female fetuses and female adult offspring fed a post-weaning high-fat diet were killed at GD20 and postnatal week 24, respectively. Serum and knee cartilage samples from fetuses and adult female offspring were collected and examined for cholesterol metabolism and histology. Fetal serum corticosterone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the PFR group were lower than those of the control, but the serum cholesterol level was not changed. The lower expression of IGF-1 in the PFR group lasted into adulthood. The expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes, including type II collagen, aggrecan and cholesterol efflux genes including liver X receptor, were significantly induced, but the ATP-binding-cassette transporter A1 was unchanged. PFR could induce a reduction in ECM synthesis and impaired cholesterol efflux in female offspring, and eventually led to poor quality of articular cartilage and OA.
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26
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Papachristou DJ, Blair HC. Bone and high-density lipoprotein: The beginning of a beautiful friendship. World J Orthop 2016; 7:74-77. [PMID: 26925377 PMCID: PMC4757660 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v7.i2.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a tight link between bone and lipid metabolic pathways. In this vein, several studies focused on the exploration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the pathobiology of bone diseases, with emphasis to the osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis, the most common bone pathologies. Indeed, epidemiological and in vitro data have connected reduced HDL levels or dysfunctional HDL with cartilage destruction and OA development. Recent studies uncovered functional links between HDL and OA fueling the interesting hypothesis that OA could be a chronic element of the metabolic syndrome. Other studies have linked HDL to bone mineral density. Even though at epidemiological levels the results are conflicting, studies in animals as well as in vitro experiments have shown that HDL facilitates osteoblastogensis and bone synthesis and most probably affects osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast bone resorption. Notably, reduced HDL levels result in increased bone marrow adiposity affecting bone cells function. Unveiling the mechanisms that connect HDL and bone/cartilage homeostasis may contribute to the design of novel therapeutic agents for the improvement of bone and cartilage quality and thus for the treatment of related pathological conditions.
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27
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Le Clanche S, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Sari-Ali E, Rannou F, Borderie D. Inter-relations between osteoarthritis and metabolic syndrome: A common link? Biochimie 2015; 121:238-52. [PMID: 26700146 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disorder of the joint, principally occurring during aging, and characterized by a focal degradation of cartilage. It is the most prevalent rheumatic disease in industrialized countries and represents the second cause of disability in France. However, the etiology of OA remains unclear. There is only one cell type found in cartilage, chondrocyte, which is responsible for its repair and the synthesis of the elements of the extra-cellular matrix. A dysfunction of these cells results in an imbalance between repair and degradation in cartilage, leading to its destruction. Recently, a link between OA and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been suggested, introducing a notion of metabolic OA, and a new vision of the disease. MetS is characterized by a cluster of factors (insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, visceral obesity), although there is still no clear definition of it. During the 20th century, MetS dramatically increased with changes in population lifestyle, becoming a major health issue in industrialized countries. MetS concerns 10-30% of the worldwide population, but is prevalent in 59% of OA patients. Patients with both OA and MetS have more severe symptoms, occurring sooner than in the general population. Indeed, OA is generally a disease concerning the population over 65 years old, but with an associated MetS the target population is around 50 years old. In this review, we will focus on common factors in OA and MetS, such as hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, mitochondrial dysfunction and hyperglycemia, linking one disease to the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Le Clanche
- UMR-S 1124 INSERM Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, CUSP, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; Unité pédagogique de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - D Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Unité pédagogique de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; UMR-S 1166 INSERM ICAN, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, 75013 Paris, France; Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris Cedex 13, France.
| | - E Sari-Ali
- Groupe de Recherche En Orthopédie de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (GREOPS), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83 boulevard de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - F Rannou
- UMR-S 1124 INSERM Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, CUSP, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; Service de rééducation, Hôpital Cochin (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes, 27 rue du faubourg Saint Jacques, 75679 Paris Cedex 14, France.
| | - D Borderie
- UMR-S 1124 INSERM Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, CUSP, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France; Unité pédagogique de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; Service de Diagnostic Biologique Automatisé, Hôpital Cochin (AP-HP), 27 rue du faubourg Saint Jacques, 75679 Paris Cedex 14, France.
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28
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Prenatal caffeine exposure induces a poor quality of articular cartilage in male adult offspring rats via cholesterol accumulation in cartilage. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17746. [PMID: 26639318 PMCID: PMC4671025 DOI: 10.1038/srep17746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological investigations indicate that osteoarthritis is associated with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and abnormal cholesterol metabolism. Our previous studies showed that prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) induced chondrogenesis retardation in IUGR offspring rats. The current study sought to investigate the effects of PCE on male IUGR offspring rats’ articular cartilage, and the mechanisms associated with abnormal cholesterol metabolism. Based on the results from both male fetal and adult fed a high-fat diet (HFD) studies of rats that experienced PCE (120 mg/kg.d), the results showed a poor quality of articular cartilage and cholesterol accumulation in the adult PCE group. Meanwhile, the serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations were increased in adult PCE offspring. We also observed lower expression of insulin-like growth factor1 (IGF1) and impaired cholesterol efflux in adult articular cartilage. Furthermore, the expression of cartilage functional genes, components of the IGF1 signaling pathway and cholesterol efflux pathway related genes were decreased in PCE fetal cartilage. In conclusion, PCE induced a poor quality of articular cartilage in male adult offspring fed a HFD. This finding was shown to be due to cholesterol accumulation in the cartilage, which may have resulted from intrauterine reduced activity of the IGF1 signaling pathway.
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29
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Sun MMG, Beier F. Liver X Receptor activation delays chondrocyte hypertrophy during endochondral bone growth. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:996-1006. [PMID: 24852699 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activation of the Liver X Receptor (LXR) has recently been identified as a therapeutic strategy for osteoarthritis (OA). Human OA articular cartilage explants show decreased LXR expression, and LXRβ-null mice display OA-like symptoms. LXR agonist administration to OA articular cartilage explants suppresses proteoglycan degradation and restores LXR-activated transcription. We aimed to investigate the effect of LXR activation on chondrocyte differentiation to elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind its protection against OA. METHOD The specific LXR agonist, GW3965, was used to examine the effect of LXR activation on chondrocyte differentiation. Tibia organ cultures were used to examine the effect of LXR activation on bone growth and growth plate morphology, followed by immunohistochemical analysis. In ATDC5 and micromass cultures, chondrocyte differentiation was examined through cellular staining and proliferation assays. Various chondrogenic markers were analyzed by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in micromass RNA. RESULTS Chondrocyte hypertrophy was suppressed by GW3965 treatment, as shown by decreased hypertrophic zone length in the tibial growth plate, decreased alkaline phosphatase staining in ATDC5 and micromass cultures, and down regulation of Col10a1, Mmp13 and Runx2 expression. Increased proliferation in treated ATDC5 cells and up-regulation of Col2a1 expression in treated micromass cultures suggest hypertrophy is suppressed secondary to prolonged proliferation. Decreased p57 levels in treated growth plates suggest this to be due to cell-cycle exit delay. CONCLUSION Our findings regarding LXR's role in cartilage development provide insight into how LXR activation prevents cartilage breakdown, further solidifying its potential as a therapeutic target of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M-G Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1.
| | - F Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5C1.
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30
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Han M, Liang L, Liu LR, Yue J, Zhao YL, Xiao HP. Liver X receptor gene polymorphisms in tuberculosis: effect on susceptibility. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95954. [PMID: 24788534 PMCID: PMC4006844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The Liver X receptors (LXRs), Liver X receptor A (LXRA) and Liver X receptor B (LXRB), regulate lipid metabolism and antimicrobial response. LXRs have a crucial role in the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). Lacking LXRs mice is more susceptibility to infection M.tb, developing higher bacterial burdens and an increase in the size and number of granulomatous lesions. We aimed to assess the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LXRs and risk of tuberculosis. Methods We sequenced the LXRs genes to detect SNPs and to examine genotypic frequencies in 600 patients and 620 healthy controls to investigate for associations with tuberculosis (TB) in the Chinese Han population. DNA re-sequencing revealed eight common variants in the LXRs genes. Results The G allele of rs1449627 and the T allele of rs1405655 demonstrated an increased risk of developing TB (p<0.001, p = 0.002), and the T allele of rs3758673, the T allele of rs2279238, and the C allele of rs1449626 in LXRA and the C allele of rs17373080, the G allele of rs2248949, and the C allele of rs1052677 in LXRB were protective against TB patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0002, p = 0.006, p<0.001, p = 0.004, p = 0.008, p = 0.003, respectively). All SNP genotypes were significantly associated with TB. An estimation of the frequencies of haplotypes revealed two potential risk haplotypes,GGCG in LXRB (p = 0.004,) and TTCG in LXRA (p<0.001, p = 0.004). Moreover, three protective haplotypes, TTAT and CCAT in LXRA and CATC in LXRB, were significantly “protective” (p = 0.008, p<0.001, p = 0.031) for TB. Furthermore, we determined that the LXRs SNPs were nominally associated with the clinical pattern of disease. Conclusions Our study data supported that LXRs play a fundamental role in the genetic susceptibility to TB and to different clinical patterns of disease. Thus, further investigation is required in larger populations and in additional areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li-rong Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yan-lin Zhao
- National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - He-ping Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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31
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Functional annotation of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis associated genes by integrative genome-wide gene expression profiling analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85784. [PMID: 24551036 PMCID: PMC3925090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are two major types of joint diseases that share multiple common symptoms. However, their pathological mechanism remains largely unknown. The aim of our study is to identify RA and OA related-genes and gain an insight into the underlying genetic basis of these diseases. Methods We collected 11 whole genome-wide expression profiling datasets from RA and OA cohorts and performed a meta-analysis to comprehensively investigate their expression signatures. This method can avoid some pitfalls of single dataset analyses. Results and Conclusion We found that several biological pathways (i.e., the immunity, inflammation and apoptosis related pathways) are commonly involved in the development of both RA and OA. Whereas several other pathways (i.e., vasopressin-related pathway, regulation of autophagy, endocytosis, calcium transport and endoplasmic reticulum stress related pathways) present significant difference between RA and OA. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease, thereby aiding the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
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32
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Solomonsterol A, a marine pregnane-X-receptor agonist, attenuates inflammation and immune dysfunction in a mouse model of arthritis. Mar Drugs 2013; 12:36-53. [PMID: 24368568 PMCID: PMC3917259 DOI: 10.3390/md12010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we provide evidence that solomonsterol A, a selective pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist isolated from the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei, exerts anti-inflammatory activity and attenuates systemic inflammation and immune dysfunction in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. Solomonsterol A was effective in protecting against the development of arthritis induced by injecting transgenic mice harboring a humanized PXR, with anti-collagen antibodies (CAIA) with beneficial effects on joint histopathology and local inflammatory response reducing the expression of inflammatory markers (TNFα, IFNγ and IL-17 and chemokines MIP1α and RANTES) in draining lymph nodes. Solomonsterol A rescued mice from systemic inflammation were assessed by measuring arthritis score, CRP and cytokines in the blood. In summary, the present study provides a molecular basis for the regulation of systemic local and systemic immunity by PXR agonists.
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Yamaguchi T, Nakaoka H, Yamamoto K, Fujikawa T, Kim Y, Yano K, Haga S, Katayama K, Shibusawa T, Park SB, Maki K, Kimura R, Inoue I. Genome‐wide association study of degenerative bony changes of the temporomandibular joint. Oral Dis 2013; 20:409-15. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry Showa University TokyoJapan
| | - H Nakaoka
- Division of Human Genetics National Institute of Genetics ShizuokaJapan
| | - K Yamamoto
- Division of Genome Analysis Research Center for Genetic Information Medical Institute of Bioregulation Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - T Fujikawa
- Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry Showa University TokyoJapan
| | - Y‐I Kim
- Department of Orthodontics Pusan National University Dental Hospital Yangsan Korea
| | - K Yano
- Verde Orthodontic Dental Clinic TokyoJapan
| | - S Haga
- Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry Showa University TokyoJapan
| | - K Katayama
- Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry Showa University TokyoJapan
| | - T Shibusawa
- Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry Showa University TokyoJapan
| | - SB Park
- Department of Orthodontics Pusan National University Dental Hospital Yangsan Korea
| | - K Maki
- Department of Orthodontics School of Dentistry Showa University TokyoJapan
| | - R Kimura
- Faculty of Medicine University of the Ryukyus Okinawa Japan
| | - I Inoue
- Division of Human Genetics National Institute of Genetics ShizuokaJapan
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Steffensen KR, Jakobsson T, Gustafsson JÅ. Targeting liver X receptors in inflammation. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:977-90. [PMID: 23738533 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.806490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The two oxysterol receptors, 'liver X receptors (LXRs)' LXRα and LXRβ, are amongst the emerging newer drug targets within the nuclear receptor family and targeting LXRs represents novel strategies needed for prevention and treatment of diseases where current therapeutics is inadequate. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the current understanding of LXR biology with an emphasis on the molecular aspects of LXR signalling establishing their potential as drug targets. Recent advances of their transcriptional mechanisms in inflammatory pathways and their physiological roles in inflammation and immunity are described. EXPERT OPINION The new discoveries of LXR-regulated inflammatory pathways have ignited new promises for LXRs as drug targets. The broad physiological roles of LXRs involve a high risk of unwanted side effects. Recent insights into LXR biology of the brain indicate a highly important role in neuronal development and a clinical trial testing an LXR agonist reported adverse neurological side effects. This suggests that drug development must focus on limiting the range of LXR signalling - possibly achieved through subtype, tissue specific, promoter specific or pathway specific activation of LXRs where a successful candidate drug must be carefully studied for its effect in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut R Steffensen
- Karolinska Institutet, Center for Biosciences, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, S-14183 Stockholm, Sweden.
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35
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Imai Y, Youn MY, Inoue K, Takada I, Kouzmenko A, Kato S. Nuclear receptors in bone physiology and diseases. Physiol Rev 2013; 93:481-523. [PMID: 23589826 PMCID: PMC3768103 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, our view on the skeleton as a mere solid physical support structure has been transformed, as bone emerged as a dynamic, constantly remodeling tissue with systemic regulatory functions including those of an endocrine organ. Reflecting this remarkable functional complexity, distinct classes of humoral and intracellular regulatory factors have been shown to control vital processes in the bone. Among these regulators, nuclear receptors (NRs) play fundamental roles in bone development, growth, and maintenance. NRs are DNA-binding transcription factors that act as intracellular transducers of the respective ligand signaling pathways through modulation of expression of specific sets of cognate target genes. Aberrant NR signaling caused by receptor or ligand deficiency may profoundly affect bone health and compromise skeletal functions. Ligand dependency of NR action underlies a major strategy of therapeutic intervention to correct aberrant NR signaling, and significant efforts have been made to design novel synthetic NR ligands with enhanced beneficial properties and reduced potential negative side effects. As an example, estrogen deficiency causes bone loss and leads to development of osteoporosis, the most prevalent skeletal disorder in postmenopausal women. Since administration of natural estrogens for the treatment of osteoporosis often associates with undesirable side effects, several synthetic estrogen receptor ligands have been developed with higher therapeutic efficacy and specificity. This review presents current progress in our understanding of the roles of various nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathways in bone physiology and disease, and in development of advanced NR ligands for treatment of common skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Imai
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Triantaphyllidou IE, Kalyvioti E, Karavia E, Lilis I, Kypreos KE, Papachristou DJ. Perturbations in the HDL metabolic pathway predispose to the development of osteoarthritis in mice following long-term exposure to western-type diet. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:322-30. [PMID: 23151457 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent data suggest that obesity and related metabolic aberrations are associated with osteoarthritis (OA) development, a phenomenon that is attributed at least in part to the consumption of lipid-rich diets. To date, the molecular mechanisms that govern the lipid-OA connection remain largely unknown. Given the important role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma and tissue lipid metabolism, the main purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of HDL metabolism in the pathobiology of OA. METHODS We used apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I)(-/-) mice that lack classical apoA-I containing HDL, LCAT(-/-) mice that have only immature HDL and relatively reduced HDL-cholesterol levels and control C57BL/6 mice. Mice were placed on chow or western-type (WTD) and monitored for 24 weeks. Knee joints were removed and articular cartilage was isolated for further analyses. RESULTS The LCAT(-/-) mice were significantly more sensitive to the development of diet-induced obesity compared to the C57BL/6 and apoA-I(-/-) mice. Morphological, biochemical and molecular analyses revealed that the LCAT(-/-) obese mice developed OA, while the C57BL/6 mice that were fed WTD did not. Notably, apoA-I(-/-) mice that received WTD also developed OA although their body-weight gain was similar to their wild-type counterparts. Interestingly, bone marrow from LCAT(-/-) and apoA-I(-/-) mice contained significantly increased number of adipocytes, compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that perturbations in HDL metabolism predispose to OA following chronic insult with WTD and raise the challenging possibility that HDL has a causative relation to OA in patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-E Triantaphyllidou
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Studies, University of Patras, School of Medicine, Patras, Greece
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Robertson Remen KM, Lerner UH, Gustafsson JÅ, Andersson G. Activation of the liver X receptor-β potently inhibits osteoclastogenesis from lipopolysaccharide-exposed bone marrow-derived macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 93:71-82. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0712339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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McCulloch RS, Ashwell MS, O'Nan AT, Mente PL. Identification of stable normalization genes for quantitative real-time PCR in porcine articular cartilage. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2012; 3:36. [PMID: 23146128 PMCID: PMC3503854 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-3-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expression levels for genes of interest must be normalized with an appropriate reference, or housekeeping gene, to make accurate comparisons of quantitative real-time PCR results. The purpose of this study was to identify the most stable housekeeping genes in porcine articular cartilage subjected to a mechanical injury from a panel of 10 candidate genes. Results Ten candidate housekeeping genes were evaluated in three different treatment groups of mechanically impacted porcine articular cartilage. The genes evaluated were: beta actin, beta-2-microglobulin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, hydroxymethylbilane synthase, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase, peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A), ribosomal protein L4, succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein subunit A, TATA box binding protein, and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein—zeta polypeptide. The stability of the genes was measured using geNorm, BestKeeper, and NormFinder software. The four most stable genes measured via geNorm were (most to least stable) succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein, subunit A, peptidylprolyl isomerase A, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, beta actin; the four most stable genes measured via BestKeeper were glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, peptidylprolyl isomerase A, beta actin, succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein, subunit A; and the four most stable genes measured via NormFinder were peptidylprolyl isomerase A, succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein, subunit A, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, beta actin. Conclusions BestKeeper, geNorm, and NormFinder all generated similar results for the most stable genes in porcine articular cartilage. The use of these appropriate reference genes will facilitate accurate gene expression studies of porcine articular cartilage and suggest appropriate housekeeping genes for articular cartilage studies in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S McCulloch
- Animal Science Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Abstract
Metabolic osteoarthritis (OA) has now been characterized as a subtype of OA, and links have been discovered between this phenotype and metabolic syndrome (MetS)--both with individual MetS components and with MetS as a whole. Hypertension associates with OA through subchondral ischaemia, which can compromise nutrient exchange into articular cartilage and trigger bone remodelling. Ectopic lipid deposition in chondrocytes induced by dyslipidemia might initiate OA development, exacerbated by deregulated cellular lipid metabolism in joint tissues. Hyperglycaemia and OA interact at both local and systemic levels; local effects of oxidative stress and advanced glycation end-products are implicated in cartilage damage, whereas low-grade systemic inflammation results from glucose accumulation and contributes to a toxic internal environment that can exacerbate OA. Obesity-related metabolic factors, particularly altered levels of adipokines, contribute to OA development by inducing the expression of proinflammatory factors as well as degradative enzymes, leading to the inhibition of cartilage matrix synthesis and stimulation of subchondral bone remodelling. In this Review, we summarize the shared mechanisms of inflammation, oxidative stress, common metabolites and endothelial dysfunction that characterize the aetiologies of OA and MetS, and nominate metabolic OA as the fifth component of MetS. We also describe therapeutic opportunities that might arise from uniting these concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhuo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28#, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China
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40
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Cheng AWM, Bolognesi M, Kraus VB. DIO2 modifies inflammatory responses in chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:440-445. [PMID: 22353746 PMCID: PMC3322270 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Selenium neutralizes interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induced inflammatory responses in chondrocytes. We investigated potential mechanisms for this through in vitro knock down of three major selenoproteins, Iodothyronine Deiodinase-2 (DIO2), Glutathione Peroxidase-1 (GPX1), and Thioredoxin Reductase-1 (TR1) in primary human chondrocytes. METHODS Primary human chondrocytes were transfected with scrambled small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) or siRNA specific for DIO2, GPX1 and TR1. After 48 h, transfected cells were cultured in serum free media for 48 h, with or without 10 pg/ml IL-1β for the final 24h. The efficiency of siRNAs was confirmed by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. The gene expression, by qRT-PCR, of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), IL-1β, and Liver X receptor (LXR) alpha and beta was evaluated to determine the impact of selenoprotein knockdown on inflammatory responses in chondrocytes. RESULTS The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of DIO2, GPX1, and TR1 was significantly decreased by the specific siRNAs (reduced 56%, P=0.0004; 96%, P<0.0001; and 66%, P<0.0001, respectively). Suppression of DIO2, but not GPX1 or TR1, significantly increased (~2-fold) both basal (P=0.0005) and IL-1β induced (P<0.0001) COX2 gene expression. Similarly, suppression of DIO2 significantly increased (∼9-fold) IL-1β induced IL-1β gene expression (P=0.0056) and resulted in a 32% (P=0.0044) decrease in LXRα gene expression but no effect on LXRβ. CONCLUSIONS Suppression of the selenoprotein DIO2 resulted in strong pro-inflammatory effects with increased expression of inflammatory mediators, IL-1β and COX2, and decreased expression of LXRα suggesting that this may be the upstream target through which the anti-inflammatory effects of DIO2 are mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W M Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - M Bolognesi
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - V B Kraus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Jakobsson T, Treuter E, Gustafsson JÅ, Steffensen KR. Liver X receptor biology and pharmacology: new pathways, challenges and opportunities. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:394-404. [PMID: 22541735 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are master regulators of transcriptional programs that integrate the homeostatic control of almost all biological processes. Their direct mode of ligand regulation and genome interaction is at the core of modern pharmacology. The two liver X receptors LXRα and LXRβ are among the emerging newer drug targets within the NR family. LXRs are best known as nuclear oxysterol receptors and physiological regulators of lipid and cholesterol metabolism that also act in an anti-inflammatory way. Because LXRs control diverse pathways in development, reproduction, metabolism, immunity and inflammation, they have potential as therapeutic targets for diseases as diverse as lipid disorders, atherosclerosis, chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent insights into LXR signaling suggest future targeting strategies aiming at increasing LXR subtype and pathway selectivity. This review discusses the current status of our understanding of LXR biology and pharmacology, with an emphasis on the molecular aspects of LXR signaling that constitute the potential of LXRs as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jakobsson
- Center for Biosciences, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, S-14183 Stockholm, Sweden
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Goltsman I, Wang X, LaVallie ER, DiBlasio-Smith EA, Ovcharenko E, Hoffman A, Abassi Z, Feuerstein GZ, Winaver J. Effects of Chronic Rosiglitazone Treatment on Renal Handling of Salt and Water in Rats With Volume-Overload Congestive Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2011; 4:345-54. [DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.110.960179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
The side effects of fluid retention and edema of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists limit their use in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). The present study aims to explore whether chronic treatment with the TZD compound rosiglitazone (RGZ) is associated with worsening of salt and water retention in male Sprague-Dawley rats with aorto-caval fistula, an experimental model of volume-overload CHF.
Methods and Results—
The effects of oral RGZ (30 mg/kg per day for 4 weeks) in CHF rats on plasma volume, cumulative sodium excretion, renal expression of Na
+
channels and transporters, and selected biomarkers of CHF were compared with those in CHF rats and sham-operated control rats treated with vehicle only (n=7 to 10). Additionally, the response to acute saline loading (3.5% of body weight) was evaluated after 2 weeks of treatment by renal clearance methodology. Chronic RGZ treatment caused no further increase in plasma volume compared with vehicle-treated CHF rats. Moreover, no increase in renal expression of Na
+
transport-linked channels/transporters was observed in response to RGZ. Cumulative sodium excretion was enhanced in CHF rats after RGZ and by another TZD compound, pioglitazone. In response to saline loading, RGZ-treated animals displayed a higher natriuretic/diuretic response than did vehicle-treated rats. Chronic RGZ treatment was not associated with any deterioration in selected biomarkers of CHF, whereas indices of cardiac hypertrophy and blood pressure were improved.
Conclusions—
Chronic RGZ treatment was not associated with worsening of fluid retention or cardiac status in rats with experimental volume-overload CHF. Rather, RGZ appeared to improve renal handling of salt and water in rats with CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Goltsman
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel (I.G., E.O., A.H., Z.A., J.W.); Translational Medicine, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA (X.W., G.Z.F.); and Biological Technologies, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA (E.R.L., E.A.D.-S.)
| | - Xinkang Wang
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel (I.G., E.O., A.H., Z.A., J.W.); Translational Medicine, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA (X.W., G.Z.F.); and Biological Technologies, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA (E.R.L., E.A.D.-S.)
| | - Edward R. LaVallie
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel (I.G., E.O., A.H., Z.A., J.W.); Translational Medicine, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA (X.W., G.Z.F.); and Biological Technologies, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA (E.R.L., E.A.D.-S.)
| | - Elizabeth A. DiBlasio-Smith
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel (I.G., E.O., A.H., Z.A., J.W.); Translational Medicine, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA (X.W., G.Z.F.); and Biological Technologies, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA (E.R.L., E.A.D.-S.)
| | - Elena Ovcharenko
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel (I.G., E.O., A.H., Z.A., J.W.); Translational Medicine, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA (X.W., G.Z.F.); and Biological Technologies, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA (E.R.L., E.A.D.-S.)
| | - Aaron Hoffman
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel (I.G., E.O., A.H., Z.A., J.W.); Translational Medicine, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA (X.W., G.Z.F.); and Biological Technologies, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA (E.R.L., E.A.D.-S.)
| | - Zaid Abassi
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel (I.G., E.O., A.H., Z.A., J.W.); Translational Medicine, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA (X.W., G.Z.F.); and Biological Technologies, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA (E.R.L., E.A.D.-S.)
| | - Giora Z. Feuerstein
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel (I.G., E.O., A.H., Z.A., J.W.); Translational Medicine, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA (X.W., G.Z.F.); and Biological Technologies, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA (E.R.L., E.A.D.-S.)
| | - Joseph Winaver
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-IIT, Haifa, Israel (I.G., E.O., A.H., Z.A., J.W.); Translational Medicine, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA (X.W., G.Z.F.); and Biological Technologies, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA (E.R.L., E.A.D.-S.)
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Tsezou A, Iliopoulos D, Malizos KN, Simopoulou T. Impaired expression of genes regulating cholesterol efflux in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. J Orthop Res 2010; 28:1033-9. [PMID: 20108316 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Altered lipid metabolism has been implicated as a critical player in osteoarthritis (OA). Our study aimed to investigate the expression of genes regulating cholesterol efflux in human chondrocytes and to study the effect of an LXR agonist on cholesterol efflux and lipid accumulation in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. ATP-binding-cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), and liver X receptors (LXRalpha and LXRbeta) mRNA expression levels were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ApoA1 protein levels by Western blot analysis in normal and osteoarthritic articular cartilage samples. Cholesterol efflux was evaluated in osteoarthritic chondrocytes radiolabeled with [1,2(n)-(3)H] cholesterol after LXR treatment, while intracellular lipid accumulation was studied after Oil-red-O staining. Cholesterol efflux gene expressions were significantly lower in osteoarthritic cartilage compared to normal. Treatment of osteoarthritic chondrocytes with the LXR agonist TO-901317 significantly increased ApoA1 and ABCA1 expression levels, as well as cholesterol efflux. Additionally, osteoarthritic chondrocytes presented intracellular lipids deposits, while no deposits were found after treatment with TO-901317. Our findings suggest that impaired expression of genes regulating cholesterol efflux may be a critical player in osteoarthritis, while the ability of the LXR agonist to facilitate cholesterol efflux suggests that it may be a target for therapeutic intervention in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspasia Tsezou
- Department of Biology, Medical School, University of Thessaly, Mezourlo Hill, 41222 Larissa, Greece.
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Wang X, Liu X, Zhan Y, LaVallie ER, DiBlasio-Smith L, Collins-Racie L, Mounts WM, Rutkowski JL, Xu X, Goltsman I, Abassi Z, Winaver J, Feuerstein GZ. Pharmacogenomic, Physiological, and Biochemical Investigations on Safety and Efficacy Biomarkers Associated with the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Activator Rosiglitazone in Rodents: A Translational Medicine Investigation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 334:820-9. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.167635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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LXR modulation blocks prostaglandin E2 production and matrix degradation in cartilage and alleviates pain in a rat osteoarthritis model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:3734-9. [PMID: 20133709 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0911377107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common arthritic condition in humans, is characterized by the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage accompanied by chronic joint pain. Inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) that are elevated in OA joints, play important roles in the progression of cartilage degradation and pain-associated nociceptor sensitivity. We have found that the nuclear receptor family transcription factors Liver X Receptors (LXRalpha and -beta) are expressed in cartilage, with LXRbeta being the predominant isoform. Here we show that genetic disruption of Lxrbeta gene expression in mice results in significantly increased proteoglycan (aggrecan) degradation and PGE(2) production in articular cartilage treated with IL-1beta, indicating a protective role of LXRbeta in cartilage. Using human cartilage explants, we found that activation of LXRs by the synthetic ligand GW3965 significantly reduced cytokine-induced degradation and loss of aggrecan from the tissue. Furthermore, LXR activation dramatically inhibited cytokine-induced PGE(2) production by human osteoarthritic cartilage as well as by a synovial sarcoma cell line. These effects were achieved at least partly by repression of the expression of ADAMTS4, a physiological cartilage aggrecanase, and of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1, key enzymes in the PGE(2) synthesis pathway. Consistent with our in vitro observations, oral administration of GW3965 potently alleviated joint pain in a rat meniscal tear model of osteoarthritis.
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Loeser RF. Articular cartilage nuclear receptors: an emerging target for treatment of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17:829-31. [PMID: 19433135 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/28/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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