1
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Gezer HH, Ostor A. What is new in pharmacological treatment for osteoarthritis? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2023; 37:101841. [PMID: 37302928 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2023.101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease in which structural changes of hyaline articular cartilage, subchondral bone, ligaments, capsule, synovium, muscles, and periarticular changes are involved. The knee is the most commonly affected joint, followed by the hand, hip, spine, and feet. Different pathological mechanisms are at play in each of these various involvement sites. Although systemic inflammation is more prominent in hand OA, knee and hip OA have been associated with excessive joint load and injury. As OA has varied phenotypes and the primarily affected tissues differ, treatment options must be tailored accordingly. In recent years, ongoing efforts have been made to develop disease-modifying options that halt or slow disease progression. Many are still in clinical trials, and as insights into the pathogenesis of OA evolve, novel therapeutic strategies will be developed. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the novel and emerging strategies in the management of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halise Hande Gezer
- Marmara University School of Medicine, PMR Department Rheumatology Division, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Andrew Ostor
- Cabrini Medical Centre, Monash University, Melbourne & ANU, Canberra, Australia.
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2
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Plaas AHK, Moran MM, Sandy JD, Hascall VC. Aggrecan and Hyaluronan: The Infamous Cartilage Polyelectrolytes - Then and Now. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1402:3-29. [PMID: 37052843 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-25588-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Cartilages are unique in the family of connective tissues in that they contain a high concentration of the glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate attached to the core protein of the proteoglycan, aggrecan. Multiple aggrecan molecules are organized in the extracellular matrix via a domain-specific molecular interaction with hyaluronan and a link protein, and these high molecular weight aggregates are immobilized within the collagen and glycoprotein network. The high negative charge density of glycosaminoglycans provides hydrophilicity, high osmotic swelling pressure and conformational flexibility, which together function to absorb fluctuations in biomechanical stresses on cartilage during movement of an articular joint. We have summarized information on the history and current knowledge obtained by biochemical and genetic approaches, on cell-mediated regulation of aggrecan metabolism and its role in skeletal development, growth as well as during the development of joint disease. In addition, we describe the pathways for hyaluronan metabolism, with particular focus on the role as a "metabolic rheostat" during chondrocyte responses in cartilage remodeling in growth and disease.Future advances in effective therapeutic targeting of cartilage loss during osteoarthritic diseases of the joint as an organ as well as in cartilage tissue engineering would benefit from 'big data' approaches and bioinformatics, to uncover novel feed-forward and feed-back mechanisms for regulating transcription and translation of genes and their integration into cell-specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H K Plaas
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meghan M Moran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John D Sandy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vincent C Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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3
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Li S, Cao P, Chen T, Ding C. Latest insights in disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs development. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2023; 15:1759720X231169839. [PMID: 37197024 PMCID: PMC10184265 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x231169839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and severely debilitating disease with an unmet medical need. In order to alleviate OA symptoms or prevent structural progression of OA, new drugs, particularly disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs), are required. Several drugs have been reported to attenuate cartilage loss or reduce subchondral bone lesions in OA and thus potentially be DMOADs. Most biologics (including interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors), sprifermin, and bisphosphonates failed to yield satisfactory results when treating OA. OA clinical heterogeneity is one of the primary reasons for the failure of these clinical trials, which can require different therapeutic approaches based on different phenotypes. This review describes the latest insights into the development of DMOADs. We summarize in this review the efficacy and safety profiles of various DMOADs targeting cartilage, synovitis, and subchondral bone endotypes in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials. To conclude, we summarize the reasons for clinical trial failures in OA and suggest possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tianyu Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Ashruf OS, Ansari MY. Natural Compounds: Potential Therapeutics for the Inhibition of Cartilage Matrix Degradation in Osteoarthritis. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010102. [PMID: 36676051 PMCID: PMC9866583 DOI: 10.3390/life13010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease characterized by enzymatic degradation of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) causing joint pain and disability. There is no disease-modifying drug available for the treatment of OA. An ideal drug is expected to stop cartilage ECM degradation and restore the degenerated ECM. The ECM primarily contains type II collagen and aggrecan but also has minor quantities of other collagen fibers and proteoglycans. In OA joints, the components of the cartilage ECM are degraded by matrix-degrading proteases and hydrolases which are produced by chondrocytes and synoviocytes. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 and 5 (ADAMTS5) are the major collagenase and aggrecanase, respectively, which are highly expressed in OA cartilage and promote cartilage ECM degradation. Current studies using various in vitro and in vivo approaches show that natural compounds inhibit the expression and activity of MMP-13, ADAMTS4, and ADAMTS5 and increase the expression of ECM components. In this review, we have summarized recent advancements in OA research with a focus on natural compounds as potential therapeutics for the treatment of OA with emphasis on the prevention of cartilage ECM degradation and improvement of joint health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer S. Ashruf
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209, State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
- College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209, State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Mohammad Yunus Ansari
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209, State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Focus Area, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209, State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
- Correspondence:
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5
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Biological variation of human aggrecan ARGS neoepitope in synovial fluid and serum in early-stage knee osteoarthritis and after knee injury. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2022; 4:100307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2022.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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6
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Cuffaro D, Ciccone L, Rossello A, Nuti E, Santamaria S. Targeting Aggrecanases for Osteoarthritis Therapy: From Zinc Chelation to Exosite Inhibition. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13505-13532. [PMID: 36250680 PMCID: PMC9620172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease. In 1999, two members of the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS) family of metalloproteinases, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5, or aggrecanases, were identified as the enzymes responsible for aggrecan degradation in cartilage. The first aggrecanase inhibitors targeted the active site by chelation of the catalytic zinc ion. Due to the generally disappointing performance of zinc-chelating inhibitors in preclinical and clinical studies, inhibition strategies tried to move away from the active-site zinc in order to improve selectivity. Exosite inhibitors bind to proteoglycan-binding residues present on the aggrecanase ancillary domains (called exosites). While exosite inhibitors are generally more selective than zinc-chelating inhibitors, they are still far from fulfilling their potential, partly due to a lack of structural and functional data on aggrecanase exosites. Filling this gap will inform the design of novel potent, selective aggrecanase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doretta Cuffaro
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lidia Ciccone
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Armando Rossello
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Nuti
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Santamaria
- Department
of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial
College London, Du Cane Road, London W12
0NN, U.K.
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7
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Zhao P, Liu D, Song C, Li D, Zhang X, Horecny I, Zhang F, Yan Y, Zhuang L, Li J, Liu S, Mao Y, Feng J, Liu J, Tao W. Discovery of Isoindoline Amide Derivatives as Potent and Orally Bioavailable ADAMTS-4/5 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis. ACS PHARMACOLOGY & TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 5:458-467. [DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Eternity Bioscience Inc., 6 Cedarbrook Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, United States
| | - Dong Liu
- Eternity Bioscience Inc., 6 Cedarbrook Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, United States
| | - Chunying Song
- Eternity Bioscience Inc., 6 Cedarbrook Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, United States
| | - Di Li
- Eternity Bioscience Inc., 6 Cedarbrook Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, United States
| | - Xinzhu Zhang
- Eternity Bioscience Inc., 6 Cedarbrook Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, United States
| | - Ivana Horecny
- Eternity Bioscience Inc., 6 Cedarbrook Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, United States
| | - Fengqi Zhang
- Eternity Bioscience Inc., 6 Cedarbrook Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, United States
| | - Yuna Yan
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Linghang Zhuang
- Eternity Bioscience Inc., 6 Cedarbrook Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, United States
| | - Jing Li
- Eternity Bioscience Inc., 6 Cedarbrook Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, United States
| | - Suxing Liu
- Eternity Bioscience Inc., 6 Cedarbrook Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, United States
| | - Yuchang Mao
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Eternity Bioscience Inc., 6 Cedarbrook Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, United States
| | - Weikang Tao
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
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8
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Vincent TL, Alliston T, Kapoor M, Loeser RF, Troeberg L, Little CB. Osteoarthritis Pathophysiology: Therapeutic Target Discovery may Require a Multifaceted Approach. Clin Geriatr Med 2022; 38:193-219. [PMID: 35410676 PMCID: PMC9107912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecular understanding of osteoarthritis (OA) has greatly increased through careful analysis of tissue samples, preclinical models, and large-scale agnostic "-omic" studies. There is broad acceptance that systemic and biomechanical signals affect multiple tissues of the joint, each of which could potentially be targeted to improve patient outcomes. In this review six experts in different aspects of OA pathogenesis provide their independent view on what they believe to be good tractable approaches to OA target discovery. We conclude that molecular discovery has been high but future transformative studies require a multidisciplinary holistic approach to develop therapeutic strategies with high clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia L Vincent
- Centre for Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Versus Arthritis, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Department of Surgery and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Linda Troeberg
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Medical School, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales 2065, Australia.
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9
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New Directions in the Development of Pharmacotherapy for Osteoarthrosis Based on Modern Concepts of the Disease Pathogenesis (A Review). Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Hou R, He Y, Yan G, Hou S, Xie Z, Liao C. Zinc enzymes in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113877. [PMID: 34624823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In humans, more than three hundred diverse enzymes that require zinc as an essential cofactor have been identified. These zinc enzymes have demonstrated different and important physiological functions and some of them have been considered as valuable therapeutic targets for drug discovery. Indeed, many drugs targeting a few zinc enzymes have been marketed to treat a variety of diseases. This review discusses drug discovery and drug development based on a dozen of zinc enzymes, including their biological functions and pathogenic roles, their best in class inhibitors (and clinical trial data when available), coordination and binding modes of representative inhibitors, and their implications for further drug design. The opportunities and challenges in developing zinc enzyme inhibitors for the treatment of human disorders are highlighted, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Guangwei Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Shuzeng Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Zhouling Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
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11
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Jiang L, Lin J, Zhao S, Wu J, Jin Y, Yu L, Wu N, Wu Z, Wang Y, Lin M. ADAMTS5 in Osteoarthritis: Biological Functions, Regulatory Network, and Potential Targeting Therapies. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:703110. [PMID: 34434966 PMCID: PMC8381022 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.703110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
ADAMTS5 is involved in the pathogenesis of OA. As the major aggrecanase-degrading articular cartilage matrix, ADAMTS5, has been regarded as a potential target for OA treatment. We here provide an updated insight on the regulation of ADAMTS5 and newly discovered therapeutic strategies for OA. Pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms underlying articular inflammation and mechanotransduction, as well as chondrocyte hypertrophy were discussed, and the role of ADAMTS5 in each biological process was reviewed, respectively. Senescence, inheritance, inflammation, and mechanical stress are involved in the overactivation of ADAMTS5, contributing to the pathogenesis of OA. Multiple molecular signaling pathways were observed to modulate ADAMTS5 expression, namely, Runx2, Fgf2, Notch, Wnt, NF-κB, YAP/TAZ, and the other inflammatory signaling pathways. Based on the fundamental understanding of ADAMTS5 in OA pathogenesis, monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors against ADAMTS5 were developed and proved to be beneficial pre-clinically both in vitro and in vivo. Recent novel RNA therapies demonstrated potentials in OA animal models. To sum up, ADAMTS5 inhibition and its signaling pathway–based modulations showed great potential in future therapeutic strategies for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejian Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Spine Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqian Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongming Jin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Operating Room, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Spine Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Spine Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Rose KWJ, Taye N, Karoulias SZ, Hubmacher D. Regulation of ADAMTS Proteases. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:701959. [PMID: 34268335 PMCID: PMC8275829 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.701959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I motifs (ADAMTS) proteases are secreted metalloproteinases that play key roles in the formation, homeostasis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The substrate spectrum of ADAMTS proteases can range from individual ECM proteins to entire families of ECM proteins, such as the hyalectans. ADAMTS-mediated substrate cleavage is required for the formation, remodeling and physiological adaptation of the ECM to the needs of individual tissues and organ systems. However, ADAMTS proteases can also be involved in the destruction of tissues, resulting in pathologies such as arthritis. Specifically, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 contribute to irreparable cartilage erosion by degrading aggrecan, which is a major constituent of cartilage. Arthritic joint damage is a major contributor to musculoskeletal morbidity and the most frequent clinical indication for total joint arthroplasty. Due to the high sequence homology of ADAMTS proteases in their catalytically active site, it remains a formidable challenge to design ADAMTS isotype-specific inhibitors that selectively inhibit ADAMTS proteases responsible for tissue destruction without affecting the beneficial functions of other ADAMTS proteases. In vivo, proteolytic activity of ADAMTS proteases is regulated on the transcriptional and posttranslational level. Here, we review the current knowledge of mechanisms that regulate ADAMTS protease activity in tissues including factors that induce ADAMTS gene expression, consequences of posttranslational modifications such as furin processing, the role of endogenous inhibitors and pharmacological approaches to limit ADAMTS protease activity in tissues, which almost exclusively focus on inhibiting the aggrecanase activity of ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dirk Hubmacher
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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13
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Brebion F, Gosmini R, Deprez P, Varin M, Peixoto C, Alvey L, Jary H, Bienvenu N, Triballeau N, Blanque R, Cottereaux C, Christophe T, Vandervoort N, Mollat P, Touitou R, Leonard P, De Ceuninck F, Botez I, Monjardet A, van der Aar E, Amantini D. Discovery of GLPG1972/S201086, a Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable ADAMTS-5 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2937-2952. [PMID: 33719441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are currently no approved disease-modifying osteoarthritis (OA) drugs (DMOADs). The aggrecanase ADAMTS-5 is key in the degradation of human aggrecan (AGC), a component of cartilage. Therefore, ADAMTS-5 is a promising target for the identification of DMOADs. We describe the discovery of GLPG1972/S201086, a potent and selective ADAMTS-5 inhibitor obtained by optimization of a promising hydantoin series following an HTS. Biochemical activity against rat and human ADAMTS-5 was assessed via a fluorescence-based assay. ADAMTS-5 inhibitory activity was confirmed with human aggrecan using an AGC ELISA. The most promising compounds were selected based on reduction of glycosaminoglycan release after interleukin-1 stimulation in mouse cartilage explants and led to the discovery of GLPG1972/S201086. The anticatabolic activity was confirmed in mouse cartilage explants (IC50 < 1.5 μM). The cocrystal structure of GLPG1972/S201086 with human recombinant ADAMTS-5 is discussed. GLPG1972/S201086 has been investigated in a phase 2 clinical study in patients with knee OA (NCT03595618).
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Brebion
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Romain Gosmini
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Pierre Deprez
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Marie Varin
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | - Luke Alvey
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Hélène Jary
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Natacha Bienvenu
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | - Roland Blanque
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Céline Cottereaux
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | - Nele Vandervoort
- Galapagos NV, Generaal De Wittelaan L11 A3, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Patrick Mollat
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Robert Touitou
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | - Philip Leonard
- Structural Biology, Charles River, Chesterford Research Park, CB10 1XL Saffron Walden, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric De Ceuninck
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Immuno-inflammatory Disease, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Iuliana Botez
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Chemistry Center of Excellence, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Alain Monjardet
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
| | | | - David Amantini
- Galapagos SASU, 102 Avenue Gaston Roussel, 93230 Romainville, France
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14
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From Pathogenesis to Therapy in Knee Osteoarthritis: Bench-to-Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052697. [PMID: 33800057 PMCID: PMC7962130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is currently the most widespread musculoskeletal condition and primarily affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees and hips. Importantly, knee OA remains a multifactorial whole-joint disease, the appearance and progression of which involves the alteration of articular cartilage as well as the synovium, subchondral bone, ligaments, and muscles through intricate pathomechanisms. Whereas it was initially depicted as a predominantly aging-related and mechanically driven condition given its clear association with old age, high body mass index (BMI), and joint malalignment, more recent research identified and described a plethora of further factors contributing to knee OA pathogenesis. However, the pathogenic intricacies between the molecular pathways involved in OA prompted the study of certain drugs for more than one therapeutic target (amelioration of cartilage and bone changes, and synovial inflammation). Most clinical studies regarding knee OA focus mainly on improvement in pain and joint function and thus do not provide sufficient evidence on the possible disease-modifying properties of the tested drugs. Currently, there is an unmet need for further research regarding OA pathogenesis as well as the introduction and exhaustive testing of potential disease-modifying pharmacotherapies in order to structure an effective treatment plan for these patients.
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Wojdas M, Dąbkowska K, Winsz-Szczotka K. Alterations of Extracellular Matrix Components in the Course of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Metabolites 2021; 11:132. [PMID: 33668781 PMCID: PMC7996267 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common group of chronic connective tissue diseases in children that is accompanied by joint structure and function disorders. Inflammation underlying the pathogenic changes in JIA, caused by hypersecretion of proinflammatory cytokines, leads to the destruction of articular cartilage. The degradation which progresses with the duration of JIA is not compensated by the extent of repair processes. These disorders are attributed in particular to changes in homeostasis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including proteoglycans, that forms articular cartilage. Changes in metabolism of matrix components, associated with the disturbance of their degradation and biosynthesis processes, are the basis of the progressive wear of joint structures observed in the course of JIA. Clinical evaluation and radiographic imaging are current methods to identify the destruction. The aim of this paper is to review enzymatic and non-enzymatic factors involved in catabolism of matrix components and molecules stimulating their biosynthesis. Therefore, we discuss the changes in these factors in body fluids of children with JIA and their potential diagnostic use in the assessment of disease activity. Understanding the changes in ECM components in the course of the child-hood arthritis may provide the introduction of both new diagnostic tools and new therapeutic strategies in children with JIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wojdas
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.D.); (K.W.-S.)
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16
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Culley KL, Singh P, Lessard S, Wang M, Rourke B, Goldring MB, Otero M. Mouse Models of Osteoarthritis: Surgical Model of Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis Induced by Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2221:223-260. [PMID: 32979207 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0989-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The surgical model of destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) has become a gold standard for studying the onset and progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA). The DMM model mimics clinical meniscal injury, a known predisposing factor for the development of human OA, and permits the study of structural and biological changes over the course of the disease. In addition, when applied to genetically modified or engineered mouse models, this surgical procedure permits dissection of the relative contribution of a given gene to OA initiation and/or progression. This chapter describes the requirements for the surgical induction of OA in mouse models, and provides guidelines and tools for the subsequent histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses. Methods for the assessment of the contributions of selected genes in genetically modified strains are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty L Culley
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, HSS Research Institute, The Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Purva Singh
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, HSS Research Institute, The Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samantha Lessard
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, HSS Research Institute, The Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mengying Wang
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, HSS Research Institute, The Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brennan Rourke
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, HSS Research Institute, The Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary B Goldring
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, HSS Research Institute, The Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Otero
- Orthopedic Soft Tissue Research Program, HSS Research Institute, The Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
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Neuman P, Larsson S, Lohmander LS, Struglics A. Higher aggrecan 1-F21 epitope concentration in synovial fluid early after anterior cruciate ligament injury is associated with worse knee cartilage quality assessed by gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 20 years later. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:798. [PMID: 33261598 PMCID: PMC7709245 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03819-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate if cartilage related biomarkers in synovial fluid are associated with knee cartilage status 20 years after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Methods We studied 25 patients with a complete ACL rupture without subsequent ACL reconstruction or radiographic knee OA. All had a delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) 20 years after the ACL injury, using the T1 transverse relaxation time in the presence of gadolinium (T1Gd) which estimates the concentration of glycosaminoglycans in hyaline cartilage. Synovial fluid samples were aspirated acutely (between 0 and 18 days) and during 1 to 5 follow up visits between 0.5 and 7.5 years after injury. We quantified synovial fluid concentrations of aggrecan (epitopes 1-F21 and ARGS), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, matrix metalloproteinase-3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 by immunoassays, and sulfated glycosaminoglycans by Alcian blue precipitation. Western blot was used for qualitative analyses of aggrecan fragments in synovial fluid and cartilage samples. Results Western blot indicated that the 1-F21 epitope was located within the chondroitin sulfate 2 region of aggrecan. Linear regression analyses (adjusted for age, sex, body mass index and time between injury and sampling) showed that acute higher synovial fluid 1-F21-aggrecan concentrations were associated with shorter T1Gd values 20 years after injury, i.e. inferior cartilage quality (standardized effects between − 0.67 and − 1.0). No other statistically significant association was found between molecular biomarkers and T1Gd values. Conclusion Higher acute synovial fluid 1-F21-aggrecan concentrations in ACL injured patients, who managed to cope without ACL reconstruction and were without radiographic knee OA, were associated with inferior knee cartilage quality assessed by dGEMRIC 20 years after injury. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-020-03819-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Neuman
- Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Staffan Larsson
- Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - L Stefan Lohmander
- Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - André Struglics
- Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Cowan KJ, Kleinschmidt-Dörr K, Gigout A, Moreau F, Kraines J, Townsend R, Dolgos H, DeMartino J. Translational strategies in drug development for knee osteoarthritis. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1054-1064. [PMID: 32251777 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease worldwide with large unmet medical needs. To bring innovative treatments to OA patients, we at Merck have implemented a comprehensive strategy for drug candidate evaluation. We have a clear framework for decision-making in our preclinical pipeline, to design our clinical proof-of-concept trials for OA patients. We have qualified our strategy to define and refine dose and dosing regimen, for treatments administered either systemically or intra-articularly (IA). We do this through preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, and by back-translating results from clinical studies in OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Flavie Moreau
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, MA, USA (A business of Merck, Darmstadt, Germany)
| | - Jeff Kraines
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, MA, USA (A business of Merck, Darmstadt, Germany)
| | - Robert Townsend
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, MA, USA (A business of Merck, Darmstadt, Germany)
| | | | - Julie DeMartino
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, MA, USA (A business of Merck, Darmstadt, Germany)
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19
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Cao P, Li Y, Tang Y, Ding C, Hunter DJ. Pharmacotherapy for knee osteoarthritis: current and emerging therapies. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:797-809. [PMID: 32100600 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1732924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peihua Cao
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yujin Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Changhai Ding
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - David J. Hunter
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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20
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Duan B, Liu Y, Hu H, Shi FG, Liu YL, Xue H, Yun XY, Yan MY, Han XR, Chen AF, Wang Y, Li ZH. Notch1-ADAM8 positive feed-back loop regulates the degradation of chondrogenic extracellular matrix and osteoarthritis progression. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:134. [PMID: 31640732 PMCID: PMC6805603 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent joint disease, and there are still no effective therapeutic agents or clinical methods for the cure of this disease to date. The degradation of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major cause of OA. Method IL-1β was used to induce chondrogenic degradation. Q-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect mRNA and protein level, respectively. ELISA was used to detect the secreted TNF-α and IL-6 level. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the protein level of Aggrecan, Collagen II and ki67. TUNEL and flow cytometry were used to examine cell apoptosis of chondrocytes. ChIP and luciferase assay were used to study molecular gene regulation. Osteoarthritic animal model and Safranin-O staining were used to determine the in vivo OA phenotype. Results The expression of ADAM8 was up-regulated in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Knockdown of ADAM8 suppressed the OA phenotype in the in vitro OA cell model. ADAM8 regulated OA progression through the activation of EGFR/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway. Inhibition of Notch signaling suppressed OA phenotype in the in vitro OA cell model. Notch signaling regulated the gene expression of ADAM8 directly via Hes1. Notch1-ADAM8 positive feedback loop promoted the progression of OA in vivo. Conclusion Notch1-ADAM8 feed-back loop regulates the degradation of chondrogenic extracellular matrix and osteoarthritis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Duan
- Reproductive Center, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No.17 Hongqi Avenue, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 314000, People's Republic of China.,Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan District, Hohhot, 010110, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, No.20 Shaoxian Road, Kundulun District, Baotou, 014000, People's Republic of China
| | - He Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, No.20 Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, Hohhot, 010017, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Guo Shi
- Department of Chinese medicine, Preventive health center of Baotou steel group, Aerding Street, Kundulun District, Baotou, 014000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Long Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Yangling Demonstration District Hospital, No.8 Houji Road, Yangling District, Xianyan, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Fourth Hospital of Baotou, Aogen Road, Qingshan District, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Yun
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, No.20 Shaoxian Road, Kundulun District, Baotou, 014000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yu Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Inner Mongolia Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, No.20 Shaoxian Road, Kundulun District, Baotou, 014000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Rui Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No.10 Courtyard, Chedaogou, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Fu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No.10 Courtyard, Chedaogou, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No.10 Courtyard, Chedaogou, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Hai Li
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan District, Hohhot, 010110, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No.10 Courtyard, Chedaogou, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Brown S, Pistiner J, Adjei IM, Sharma B. Nanoparticle Properties for Delivery to Cartilage: The Implications of Disease State, Synovial Fluid, and Off-Target Uptake. Mol Pharm 2018; 16:469-479. [PMID: 28669194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A major hurdle limiting the ability to treat and cure osteoarthritis, a common and debilitating disease, is rapid joint clearance and limited cartilage targeting of intra-articular therapies. Nanoscale drug carriers have the potential to improve therapeutic targeting and retention in the joint after direct injection; however, there still lacks a fundamental understanding of how the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) influence localization to the degenerating cartilage and how joint conditions such as disease state and synovial fluid impact NP biodistribution. The goal of this study was to assess how physicochemical properties of NPs influence their interactions with joint tissues and, ultimately, cartilage localization. Ex vivo models of joint tissues were used to study how poly(lactide- co-glycolide) (PLGA) and polystyrene (PS) NP size, charge, and surface chemistry influence cartilage retention under normal and disease-mimicking conditions. Of the particles investigated, PLGA NPs surface-modified with a quaternary ammonium cation had the greatest retention within cartilage explants; however, retention was diminished 2- to 2.9-fold in arthritic tissue and in the presence of synovial fluid. Interactions with synovial fluid induced changes to NP surface properties and colloidal stability in vitro. The impact of NP charge on "off-target" synoviocyte uptake was also dependent on synovial fluid interactions. The results suggest that the design of nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery within the joint cannot be based on a single parameter such as zeta potential or size, and that the fate of injected delivery systems will likely be influenced by the disease state of the joint and the presence of synovial fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Brown
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Florida , 1275 Center Drive , Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville , Florida 32611-6131 , United States
| | - Jake Pistiner
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Florida , 1275 Center Drive , Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville , Florida 32611-6131 , United States
| | - Isaac M Adjei
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Florida , 1275 Center Drive , Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville , Florida 32611-6131 , United States
| | - Blanka Sharma
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Florida , 1275 Center Drive , Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, P.O. Box 116131, Gainesville , Florida 32611-6131 , United States
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22
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Yasmin, Maskari RA, McEniery CM, Cleary SE, Li Y, Siew K, Figg NL, Khir AW, Cockcroft JR, Wilkinson IB, O'Shaughnessy KM. The matrix proteins aggrecan and fibulin-1 play a key role in determining aortic stiffness. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8550. [PMID: 29867203 PMCID: PMC5986773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stiffening of the aorta is an important independent risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke. Yet its genetics is complex and little is known about its molecular drivers. We have identified for the first time, tagSNPs in the genes for extracellular matrix proteins, aggrecan and fibulin-1, that modulate stiffness in young healthy adults. We confirmed SNP associations with ex vivo stiffness measurements and expression studies in human donor aortic tissues. Both aggrecan and fibulin-1 were found in the aortic wall, but with marked differences in the distribution and glycosylation of aggrecan reflecting loss of chondroitin-sulphate binding domains. These differences were age-dependent but the striking finding was the acceleration of this process in stiff versus elastic young aortas. These findings suggest that aggrecan and fibulin-1 have critical roles in determining the biomechanics of the aorta and their modification with age could underpin age-related aortic stiffening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin
- Division of Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Raya Al Maskari
- Division of Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carmel M McEniery
- Division of Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah E Cleary
- Division of Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ye Li
- Brunel Institute of Bioengineering, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
| | - Keith Siew
- Division of Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nichola L Figg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ashraf W Khir
- Brunel Institute of Bioengineering, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
| | - John R Cockcroft
- Division of Cardiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Ian B Wilkinson
- Division of Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin M O'Shaughnessy
- Division of Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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23
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Huang Z, Ding C, Li T, Yu SPC. Current status and future prospects for disease modification in osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57:iv108-iv123. [PMID: 29272498 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OA is a chronic, progressive and disabling joint disease, leading to a poor quality of life and an enormous social and economic burden. Current therapies for OA patients remain limited, which creates an area of huge unmet medical need. For some time, researchers have been looking for approaches that can inhibit the structural progression of OA. A variety of potential disease-modifying OA drugs have been developed, targeting cartilage, inflammatory pathways or subchondral bone. In addition, non-pharmacological therapies, including joint distraction and weight loss, draw increasing attention, with some showing disease-modifying potential. Thus we performed a comprehensive review to discuss the current status of disease-modifying therapies in OA and appraise the potentials of emerging novel agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhai Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Translational Research Centre, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianwang Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shirley Pei-Chun Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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24
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Ren P, Hughes M, Krishnamoorthy S, Zou S, Zhang L, Wu D, Zhang C, Curci JA, Coselli JS, Milewicz DM, LeMaire SA, Shen YH. Critical Role of ADAMTS-4 in the Development of Sporadic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection in Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12351. [PMID: 28955046 PMCID: PMC5617887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic aortic aneurysm and dissections (AADs) are common vascular diseases that carry a high mortality rate. ADAMTS-4 (a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4) is a secreted proteinase involved in inflammation and matrix degradation. We previously showed ADAMTS-4 levels were increased in human sporadic descending thoracic AAD (TAAD) samples. Here, we provide evidence that ADAMTS-4 contributes to aortic destruction and sporadic AAD development. In a mouse model of sporadic AAD induced by a high-fat diet and angiotensin II infusion, ADAMTS-4 deficiency (Adamts-4−/−) significantly reduced challenge-induced aortic diameter enlargement, aneurysm formation, dissection and aortic rupture. Aortas in Adamts-4−/− mice showed reduced elastic fibre destruction, versican degradation, macrophage infiltration, and apoptosis. Interestingly, ADAMTS-4 was directly involved in smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis. Under stress, ADAMTS-4 translocated to the nucleus in SMCs, especially in apoptotic SMCs. ADAMTS-4 directly cleaved and degraded poly ADP ribose polymerase-1 (a key molecule in DNA repair and cell survival), leading to SMC apoptosis. Finally, we showed significant ADAMTS-4 expression in aortic tissues from patients with sporadic ascending TAAD, particularly in SMCs. Our findings indicate that ADAMTS-4 induces SMC apoptosis, degrades versican, promotes inflammatory cell infiltration, and thus contributes to sporadic AAD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Ren
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Hughes
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Swapna Krishnamoorthy
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sili Zou
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Darrell Wu
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John A Curci
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joseph S Coselli
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Scott A LeMaire
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. .,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Ying H Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. .,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
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25
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Legrand CB, Lambert CJ, Comblain FV, Sanchez C, Henrotin YE. Review of Soluble Biomarkers of Osteoarthritis: Lessons From Animal Models. Cartilage 2017; 8:211-233. [PMID: 28618869 PMCID: PMC5625856 DOI: 10.1177/1947603516656739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of disability within the adult population. Currently, its diagnosis is mainly based on clinical examination and standard radiography. To date, there is no way to detect the disease at a molecular level, before the appearance of structural changes and symptoms. So an attractive alternative for monitoring OA is the measurement of biochemical markers in blood, urine, or synovial fluid, which could reflect metabolic changes in joint tissue and therefore disease onset and progression. Animal models are relevant to investigate the early stage of OA and metabolic changes occurring in joint tissues. The goal of this narrative review is to summarize the scientific data available in the literature on soluble biomarkers in animal models of OA. Design A literature search was conducted using the PubMed/Medline and Scopus databases between February 1995 and December 2015. All original articles, systematic and narrative reviews published in French or in English were considered. Results We summarized the data of 69 studies and proposed a classification scheme for OA biomarkers in animal studies, largely inspired by the BIPEDS classification. Conclusions Studies about biomarkers and animal models indicate that some markers could be valuable to monitor OA progression and assess therapeutic response in some animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B. Legrand
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile J. Lambert
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Fanny V. Comblain
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christelle Sanchez
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yves E. Henrotin
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Princess Paola Hospital, Vivalia, Marche-en-Famenne, Belgium
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Wright KT, Kuiper JH, Richardson JB, Gallacher P, Roberts S. The Absence of Detectable ADAMTS-4 (Aggrecanase-1) Activity in Synovial Fluid Is a Predictive Indicator of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation Success. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:1806-1814. [PMID: 28277753 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517694027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is used worldwide in the treatment of cartilage defects in the knee. Several demographic and injury-specific risk factors have been identified that can affect the success of ACI treatment. However, the discovery of predictive biomarkers in this field has thus far been overlooked. PURPOSE To identify potential biomarkers in synovial fluid and plasma that can be used in the preoperative setting to help optimize patient selection for cell-based cartilage repair strategies. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Fifty-four ACI-treated patients were included. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronan, soluble CD14 levels, and aggrecanase-1 (ADAMTS-4) activity in synovial fluid and COMP and hyaluronan in plasma were measured. Baseline and postoperative functional outcomes were determined using the patient-reported Lysholm score. To find predictors of postoperative function, linear and logistic regression analyses were performed. The dependent variables were the baseline and postoperative Lysholm score; the independent variables were patient age and body mass index, defect location, defect area, having a bone-on-bone defect, type of defect patch (periosteum or collagen), requirement of an extra procedure, and baseline biomarker levels. RESULTS The mean baseline Lysholm score was 47.4 ± 17.0, which improved to 64.6 ± 21.7 postoperatively. The activity of ADAMTS-4 in synovial fluid was identified as an independent predictor of the postoperative Lysholm score. Indeed, simply the presence or absence of ADAMTS-4 activity in synovial fluid appeared to be the most important predictive factor. As determined by contingency analysis, when ADAMTS-4 activity was detectable, the odds of being a responder were 3 times smaller than when ADAMTS-4 activity was not detectable. Other predictive factors were the baseline Lysholm score, age at ACI, and defect patch type used. CONCLUSION The absence of ADAMTS-4 activity in the synovial fluid of joints with cartilage defects may be used in conjunction with known demographic risk factors in the development of an ACI treatment algorithm to help inform the preclinical decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Therese Wright
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK.,Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Jan Herman Kuiper
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK.,Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - James Bruce Richardson
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK.,Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Pete Gallacher
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK
| | - Sally Roberts
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK.,Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
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Bauters D, Cobbaut M, Geys L, Van Lint J, Hemmeryckx B, Lijnen HR. Loss of ADAMTS5 enhances brown adipose tissue mass and promotes browning of white adipose tissue via CREB signaling. Mol Metab 2017; 6:715-724. [PMID: 28702327 PMCID: PMC5485238 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A potential strategy to treat obesity – and the associated metabolic consequences – is to increase energy expenditure. This could be achieved by stimulating thermogenesis through activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and/or the induction of browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Over the last years, it has become clear that several metalloproteinases play an important role in adipocyte biology. Here, we investigated the potential role of ADAMTS5. Methods Mice deficient in ADAMTS5 (Adamts5−/−) and wild-type (Adamts5+/+) littermates were kept on a standard of Western-type diet for 15 weeks. Energy expenditure and heat production was followed by indirect calorimetry. To activate thermogenesis, mice were treated with the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonist CL-316,243 or alternatively, exposed to cold for 2 weeks. Results Compared to Adamts5+/+ mice, Adamts5−/− mice have significantly more interscapular BAT and marked browning of their subcutaneous (SC) WAT. Thermogenic pathway analysis indicated, in the absence of ADAMTS5, enhanced β3-AR signaling via activation of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Additional β3-AR stimulation with CL-316,243 promoted browning of WAT in Adamts5+/+ mice but had no additive effect in Adamts5−/− mice. However, cold exposure induced more pronounced browning of WAT in Adamts5−/− mice. Conclusions These data indicate that ADAMTS5 plays a functional role in development of BAT and browning of WAT. Hence, selective targeting of ADAMTS5 could provide a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment/prevention of obesity and metabolic diseases. Mice deficient in ADAMTS5 have elevated interscapular brown adipose tissue mass. ADAMTS5 deficient mice show increased browning of their white adipose tissue. The thermogenic profile is enhanced via adrenergic signaling and CREB activation. ADAMTS5 seems an attractive therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.
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Key Words
- %ID/g, percentage injected dose per gram
- ADAMTS, A disintesgrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type-1 motif
- ADAMTS5
- AT, adipose tissue
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- Beige
- Brown adipose tissue
- Browning
- CREB, cAMP responsive element-binding protein
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- GON, gonadal
- HFD, high-fat diet
- Obesity
- SC, subcutaneous
- SUV, standardized uptake value
- TLG, total lesion glycolysis
- Thermogenesis
- UCP1, uncoupling protein 1
- WAT, white adipose tissue
- β3-AR, beta-3 adrenergic receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Bauters
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathias Cobbaut
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Geys
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Lint
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bianca Hemmeryckx
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Roger Lijnen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Roman-Blas JA, Bizzi E, Largo R, Migliore A, Herrero-Beaumont G. An update on the up and coming therapies to treat osteoarthritis, a multifaceted disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17:1745-56. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2016.1201070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Roman-Blas
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emanuele Bizzi
- UOS of Rheumatology, S. Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Migliore
- UOS of Rheumatology, S. Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Kosasih HJ, Last K, Rogerson FM, Golub SB, Gauci SJ, Russo VC, Stanton H, Wilson R, Lamande SR, Holden P, Fosang AJ. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5) Forms Catalytically Active Oligomers. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:3197-208. [PMID: 26668318 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.704817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The metalloproteinase ADAMTS-5 (A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) degrades aggrecan, a proteoglycan essential for cartilage structure and function. ADAMTS-5 is the major aggrecanase in mouse cartilage, and is also likely to be the major aggrecanase in humans. ADAMTS-5 is a multidomain enzyme, but the function of the C-terminal ancillary domains is poorly understood. We show that mutant ADAMTS-5 lacking the catalytic domain, but with a full suite of ancillary domains inhibits wild type ADAMTS activity, in vitro and in vivo, in a dominant-negative manner. The data suggest that mutant ADAMTS-5 binds to wild type ADAMTS-5; thus we tested the hypothesis that ADAMTS-5 associates to form oligomers. Co-elution, competition, and in situ PLA experiments using full-length and truncated recombinant ADAMTS-5 confirmed that ADAMTS-5 molecules interact, and showed that the catalytic and disintegrin-like domains support these intermolecular interactions. Cross-linking experiments revealed that recombinant ADAMTS-5 formed large, reduction-sensitive oligomers with a nominal molecular mass of ∼ 400 kDa. The oligomers were unimolecular and proteolytically active. ADAMTS-5 truncates comprising the disintegrin and/or catalytic domains were able to competitively block full-length ADAMTS-5-mediated aggrecan cleavage, measured by production of the G1-EGE(373) neoepitope. These results show that ADAMTS-5 oligomerization is required for full aggrecanase activity, and they provide evidence that blocking oligomerization inhibits ADAMTS-5 activity. The data identify the surface provided by the catalytic and disintegrin-like domains of ADAMTS-5 as a legitimate target for the design of aggrecanase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansen J Kosasih
- From the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia, the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Karena Last
- From the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia, the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Fraser M Rogerson
- From the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia, the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Suzanne B Golub
- From the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia, the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Stephanie J Gauci
- the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Vincenzo C Russo
- the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Heather Stanton
- From the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia, the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | | | - Shireen R Lamande
- the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Paul Holden
- the Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, and
| | - Amanda J Fosang
- From the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia, the Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville 3052, Australia,
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Wang K, Xu J, Hunter DJ, Ding C. Investigational drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:1539-56. [PMID: 26429673 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1091880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease with multiple pathophysiological processes, affecting the whole joint. Current therapeutic options such as NSAIDs can provide a palliative effect on symptoms but have limited effect on disease progression. New drugs targeting OA structures may retard disease progression at an earlier stage and delay the need for joint replacement. AREAS COVERED Some drugs have entered into clinical trials and a few, such as strontium ranelate, do have improvements in both pain and structure changes. However, most of them have failed in clinical trials largely due to increased side effects or the failure to identify the right OA phenotype for the right drug in clinical design. This review describes various investigational drugs developed for the treatment of OA covering those at stages from preclinical experiments to early phase clinical trials. They include drugs for slowing cartilage degradation, regulating cartilage metabolism, targeting subchondral bone, controlling inflammation and relieving pain. EXPERT OPINION Treatment options for OA remain limited. However, with the emergence of sensitive tools to detect early disease progression and identification of different OA phenotypes, disease-modifying anti-OA drugs with increased benefit and reduced risks will become available for OA treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- a 1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Arthritis Research Institute, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , Hefei, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- a 1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Arthritis Research Institute, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , Hefei, China
| | - David J Hunter
- b 2 University of Sydney, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Rheumatology Department , Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Changhai Ding
- a 1 The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Arthritis Research Institute, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , Hefei, China.,c 3 University of Tasmania, Menzies Institute for Medical Research , Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia +61 3 62 26 77 30 ; +61 3 62 26 77 04 ;
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31
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Inhibition of aggrecanases as a therapeutic strategy in osteoarthritis. Future Med Chem 2015; 6:1399-412. [PMID: 25329196 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a large effort to target aggrecanases, which are responsible for the degradation of the aggrecan in the extracellular matrix of joints, in order to hopefully lead to new treatments for osteoarthritis. Only a few inhibitors have been effective in explants or rodent models and thus only a few have reached the clinic, none of which have proven to be effective. In this article, a survey of chemical series is described, covering historical and recent inhibitors and highlighting how some of their problems were resolved, with a critical overview of the challenges encountered. A large effort should be undertaken in designing smaller compounds with higher residence times, defining new interaction sites on the aggrecanases and exploiting target flexibility.
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Larkin J, Lohr TA, Elefante L, Shearin J, Matico R, Su JL, Xue Y, Liu F, Genell C, Miller RE, Tran PB, Malfait AM, Maier CC, Matheny CJ. Translational development of an ADAMTS-5 antibody for osteoarthritis disease modification. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:1254-66. [PMID: 25800415 PMCID: PMC4516626 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/METHOD Aggrecanase activity, most notably ADAMTS-5, is implicated in pathogenic cartilage degradation. Selective monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to both ADAMTS-5 and ADAMTS-4 were generated and in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo systems were utilized to assess target engagement, aggrecanase inhibition and modulation of disease-related endpoints with the intent of selecting a candidate for clinical development in osteoarthritis (OA). RESULTS Structural mapping predicts the most potent mAbs employ a unique mode of inhibition by cross-linking the catalytic and disintegrin domains. In a surgical mouse model of OA, both ADAMTS-5 and ADAMTS-4-specific mAbs penetrate cartilage following systemic administration, demonstrating access to the anticipated site of action. Structural disease modification and associated alleviation of pain-related behavior were observed with ADAMTS-5 mAb treatment. Treatment of human OA cartilage demonstrated a preferential role for ADAMTS-5 inhibition over ADAMTS-4, as measured by ARGS neoepitope release in explant cultures. ADAMTS-5 mAb activity was most evident in a subset of patient-derived tissues and suppression of ARGS neoepitope release was sustained for weeks after a single treatment in human explants and in cynomolgus monkeys, consistent with high affinity target engagement and slow ADAMTS-5 turnover. CONCLUSION This data supports a hypothesis set forth from knockout mouse studies that ADAMTS-5 is the major aggrecanase involved in cartilage degradation and provides a link between a biological pathway and pharmacology which translates to human tissues, non-human primate models and points to a target OA patient population. Therefore, a humanized ADAMTS-5-selective monoclonal antibody (GSK2394002) was progressed as a potential OA disease modifying therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Larkin
- Experimental Medicine Unit – Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, Pennsylvania, USA,Novel Targets Biopharm Discovery Unit – Biopharm R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, Pennsylvania, USA,Corresponding author:
| | - Thomas A. Lohr
- Experimental Medicine Unit – Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, Pennsylvania, USA,Novel Targets Biopharm Discovery Unit – Biopharm R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Louis Elefante
- Novel Targets Biopharm Discovery Unit – Biopharm R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jean Shearin
- Biological Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rosalie Matico
- Biological Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jui-Lan Su
- Biological Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yu Xue
- Novel Targets Biopharm Discovery Unit – Biopharm R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Quantitative Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Caroline Genell
- ImmunoToxicology – Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel E. Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, Illinois
| | - Phuong B. Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anne-Marie Malfait
- Department of Internal Medicine (Rheumatology), Rush University Medical Center; Chicago, Illinois
| | - Curtis C. Maier
- ImmunoToxicology – Platform Technology & Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Merion, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kelwick R, Desanlis I, Wheeler GN, Edwards DR. The ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin motifs) family. Genome Biol 2015; 16:113. [PMID: 26025392 PMCID: PMC4448532 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin motifs) enzymes are secreted, multi-domain matrix-associated zinc metalloendopeptidases that have diverse roles in tissue morphogenesis and patho-physiological remodeling, in inflammation and in vascular biology. The human family includes 19 members that can be sub-grouped on the basis of their known substrates, namely the aggrecanases or proteoglycanases (ADAMTS1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 15 and 20), the procollagen N-propeptidases (ADAMTS2, 3 and 14), the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein-cleaving enzymes (ADAMTS7 and 12), the von-Willebrand Factor proteinase (ADAMTS13) and a group of orphan enzymes (ADAMTS6, 10, 16, 17, 18 and 19). Control of the structure and function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a central theme of the biology of the ADAMTS, as exemplified by the actions of the procollagen-N-propeptidases in collagen fibril assembly and of the aggrecanases in the cleavage or modification of ECM proteoglycans. Defects in certain family members give rise to inherited genetic disorders, while the aberrant expression or function of others is associated with arthritis, cancer and cardiovascular disease. In particular, ADAMTS4 and 5 have emerged as therapeutic targets in arthritis. Multiple ADAMTSs from different sub-groupings exert either positive or negative effects on tumorigenesis and metastasis, with both metalloproteinase-dependent and -independent actions known to occur. The basic ADAMTS structure comprises a metalloproteinase catalytic domain and a carboxy-terminal ancillary domain, the latter determining substrate specificity and the localization of the protease and its interaction partners; ancillary domains probably also have independent biological functions. Focusing primarily on the aggrecanases and proteoglycanases, this review provides a perspective on the evolution of the ADAMTS family, their links with developmental and disease mechanisms, and key questions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kelwick
- School of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Ines Desanlis
- School of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Grant N Wheeler
- School of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Dylan R Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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Spyropoulou A, Karamesinis K, Basdra EK. Mechanotransduction pathways in bone pathobiology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1700-8. [PMID: 26004394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton is subject to dynamic changes throughout life and bone remodeling is essential for maintenance of bone functionality. The cell populations which predominantly participate in bone and cartilage remodeling, namely osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and chondrocytes sense and respond to external mechanical signals and via a series of molecular cascades control bone metabolism and turnover rate. The aforementioned process, known as mechanotransduction, is the underlying mechanism that controls bone homeostasis and function. A wide array of cross-talking signaling pathways has been found to play an important role in the preservation of bone and cartilage tissue health. Moreover, alterations in bone mechanotransduction pathways, due to genetic, hormonal and biomechanical factors, are considered responsible for the pathogenesis of bone and cartilage diseases. Extensive research has been conducted and demonstrated that aberrations in mechanotransduction pathways result in disease-like effects, however only few signaling pathways have actually been engaged in the development of bone disease. The aim of the present review is to present these signaling molecules and cascades that have been found to be mechano-responsive and implicated in bone disease development, as revealed by research in the last five years. In addition, the role of these molecules as prognostic or diagnostic disease markers and their potential as therapeutic targets are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Spyropoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Unit, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Karamesinis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Unit, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Efthimia K Basdra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Unit, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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Casagrande D, Stains JP, Murthi AM. Identification of shoulder osteoarthritis biomarkers: comparison between shoulders with and without osteoarthritis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2015; 24:382-90. [PMID: 25595362 PMCID: PMC4331258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2014.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biologic factors associated with shoulder osteoarthritis (OA) have not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate osteoarthritic biomarkers of the shoulder. To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze shoulder cartilage for OA-associated genes and to examine human shoulder cartilage for a possible biomarker, connexin 43 (Cx43). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cartilage from 16 osteoarthritic and 10 nonosteoarthritic humeral heads was assessed for expression of the following genes by real-time polymerase chain reaction: types I, II, and X collagen; matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMPs); interleukins; versican; cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2); inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α); aggrecanase 2 (ADAMTS5); and Cx43. RESULTS In osteoarthritic shoulders, Cx43, Cox-2, versican, collagen type I, ADAMTS5, MMP-3, and TNF-α expressions were significantly increased compared with controls. TIMP-3 and iNOS trended toward significance, with robust expression in osteoarthritic shoulders and low expression in nonosteoarthritic shoulders. In osteoarthritic shoulders, gene expression of Cx43, ADAMTS5, collagen type I, Cox-2, versican, and TIMP-3 showed predominance (85-, 33-, 13-, 12-, 11.5-, and 3-fold increases, respectively) relative to nonosteoarthritic controls. Spearman correlation analysis showed significant correlations between Cx43 and collagen (types I, II, and X), MMP-9, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3, versican, Cox-2, iNOS, and ADAMTS5. CONCLUSIONS Certain genes are markedly upregulated in osteoarthritic shoulders compared with nonosteoarthritic shoulders, with Cx43, Cox-2, versican, collagen type I, ADAMTS5, MMP-3, and TNF-α expression being significantly increased. These genes might be useful biomarkers for examining shoulder OA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Identification of osteoarthritic biomarkers can help us better understand shoulder OA and build the foundation for future research on disease progression and treatments.
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Abstract
Arthritic diseases are a major cause of disability and morbidity, and cause an enormous burden for health and social care systems globally. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis. The key risk factors for the development of OA are age, obesity, joint trauma or instability. Metabolic and endocrine diseases can also contribute to the pathogenesis of OA. There is accumulating evidence to suggest that OA is a whole-organ disease that is influenced by systemic mediators, inflammaging, innate immunity and the low-grade inflammation induced by metabolic syndrome. Although all joint tissues are implicated in disease progression in OA, articular cartilage has received the most attention in the context of aging, injury and disease. There is increasing emphasis on the early detection of OA as it has the capacity to target and treat the disease more effectively. Indeed it has been suggested that this is the era of "personalized prevention" for OA. However, the development of strategies for the prevention of OA require new and sensitive biomarker tools that can detect the disease in its molecular and pre-radiographic stage, before structural and functional alterations in cartilage integrity have occurred. There is also evidence to support a role for biomarkers in OA drug discovery, specifically the development of disease modifying osteoarthritis drugs. This Special Issue of Biomarkers is dedicated to recent progress in the field of OA biomarkers. The papers in this Special Issue review the current state-of-the-art and discuss the utility of OA biomarkers as diagnostic and prognostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mobasheri
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey,
Guildford,
UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Duke of Kent Building, University of Surrey,
Guildford, Surrey,
UK
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Medical Research Council and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Queen’s Medical Centre,
Nottingham,
UK
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University,
Jeddah,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yves Henrotin
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropole Liege, Department of Motricity Sciences, Institute of Pathology, University of Liege,
Liege,
Belgium
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department, Princess Paola Hospital,
Marche-en-Famenne,
Belgium
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37
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Culley KL, Dragomir CL, Chang J, Wondimu EB, Coico J, Plumb DA, Otero M, Goldring MB. Mouse models of osteoarthritis: surgical model of posttraumatic osteoarthritis induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1226:143-73. [PMID: 25331049 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1619-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The surgical model of destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) has become a gold standard for studying the onset and progression of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA). The DMM model mimics clinical meniscal injury, a known predisposing factor for the development of human OA, and permits the study of structural and biological changes over the course of the disease. In addition, when applied to genetically modified or engineered mouse models, this surgical procedure permits dissection of the relative contribution of a given gene to OA initiation and/or progression. This chapter describes the requirements for the surgical induction of OA in mouse models, and provides guidelines and tools for the subsequent histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses. Methods for the assessment of the contributions of selected genes in genetically modified strains are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty L Culley
- Tissue Engineering Regeneration and Repair Program, Research Division, The Hospital for Special Surgery, Caspary Research Building, 5th Floor, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA,
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38
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Elsaid KA, Zhang L, Shaman Z, Patel C, Schmidt TA, Jay GD. The impact of early intra-articular administration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on lubricin metabolism and cartilage degeneration in an anterior cruciate ligament transection model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:114-21. [PMID: 25219670 PMCID: PMC4275352 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Study the impact of intra-articular interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 ra) treatment on lubricin biosynthesis following anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in the rat and evaluate the effect of combined IL-1 ra and recombinant human lubricin (rhPRG4) treatments on chondrocyte apoptosis. METHODS ACLT was performed in male Lewis rats. Treatments included IL-1 ra or vehicle (n = 36 in each group). IL-1 ra intra-articular dosing was performed on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 following ACLT using Anakinra (150 mg/ml; 40 μl). At 3 and 5 weeks, animals were sacrificed and RNA was isolated. Histological analyses included Safranin O and H&E. Lubricin synovial fluid (SF) lavage concentrations were determined at 5 weeks. ACLT animals were treated with a single injection of vehicle, IL-1 ra (75 mg/ml; 40 μl), rhPRG4 (200 μg/ml; 40 μl), or IL-1 ra + rhPRG4 (75 mg/ml + 200 μg/ml; 40 μl) (n = 6 in each group) on day 7 following ACLT and cartilage was probed for cleaved caspase-3 at 5 weeks. RESULTS IL-1 ra treatment improved lubricin expression (P < 0.001) and lubricin SF lavage concentrations in the IL-1 ra group was higher (P = 0.005) than the vehicle. IL-1 ra treatment reduced cartilage and synovial scores (P < 0.001) compared to vehicle. IL-1 ra and rhPRG4 acted synergistically to reduce caspase-3 positive chondrocytes (P < 0.001) compared to individual treatments. CONCLUSION IL-1 ra treatment preserved lubricin following ACLT and a combined treatment of IL-1 ra + rhPRG4 may act synergistically to reduce cartilage catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- KA Elsaid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Z Shaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - C Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - TA Schmidt
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary
| | - GD Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903
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39
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La Porta C, Bura SA, Negrete R, Maldonado R. Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in osteoarthritis pain. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 39:485-500. [PMID: 24494687 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease associated with articular cartilage degradation. The major clinical outcome of osteoarthritis is a complex pain state that includes both nociceptive and neuropathic mechanisms. Currently, the therapeutic approaches for osteoarthritis are limited as no drugs are available to control the disease progression and the analgesic treatment has restricted efficacy. Increasing evidence from preclinical studies supports the interest of the endocannabinoid system as an emerging therapeutic target for osteoarthritis pain. Indeed, pharmacological studies have shown the anti-nociceptive effects of cannabinoids in different rodent models of osteoarthritis, and compelling evidence suggests an active participation of the endocannabinoid system in the pathophysiology of this disease. The ubiquitous distribution of cannabinoid receptors, together with the physiological role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of pain, inflammation and even joint function further support the therapeutic interest of cannabinoids for osteoarthritis. However, limited clinical evidence has been provided to support this therapeutic use of cannabinoids, despite the promising preclinical data. This review summarizes the promising results that have been recently obtained in support of the therapeutic value of cannabinoids for osteoarthritis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen La Porta
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
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40
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Sherwood JC, Bertrand J, Eldridge SE, Dell'Accio F. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of cartilage damage and repair. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1172-7. [PMID: 24880104 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage breakdown is the disabling outcome of rheumatic diseases, whether prevalently inflammatory such as rheumatoid arthritis or prevalently mechanical such as osteoarthritis (OA). Despite the differences between immune-mediated arthritides and OA, common mechanisms drive cartilage breakdown. Inflammation, chondrocyte phenotype and homeostatic mechanisms have recently been the focus of research and will be summarised in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna C Sherwood
- Barts and The London, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Jessica Bertrand
- Barts and The London, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Suzanne E Eldridge
- Barts and The London, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Francesco Dell'Accio
- Barts and The London, Queen Mary University of London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, London, UK.
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41
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Riordan EA, Little C, Hunter D. Pathogenesis of post-traumatic OA with a view to intervention. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2014; 28:17-30. [PMID: 24792943 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) subsequent to joint injury accounts for over 12% of the overall disease burden of OA, and higher in the most at-risk ankle and knee joints. Evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of PTOA may be related to inflammatory processes and alterations to the articular cartilage, menisci, muscle and subchondral bone that are initiated in the acute post-injury phase. Imaging of these early changes, as well as a number of biochemical markers, demonstrates the potential for use as predictors of future disease, and may help stratify patients on the likelihood of their developing clinical disease. This will be important in guiding future interventions, which will likely target elements of the inflammatory response within the joint, molecular abnormalities related to cartilage matrix degradation, chondrocyte function and subchondral bone remodelling. Until significant improvements are made, however, in identifying patients most at risk for developing PTOA--and therefore those who are candidates for therapy--primary prevention programmes will remain the most effective current management tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Riordan
- School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Christopher Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Level 10 Kolling Building, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - David Hunter
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital and Northern Clinical School, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney, Reserve Road, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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42
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An ARGS-aggrecan assay for analysis in blood and synovial fluid. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:242-9. [PMID: 24361794 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate a modified ligand-binding assay for the detection of aggrecanase generated aggrecan fragments with the ARGS neoepitope in synovial fluid (SF) and blood, and to verify the identity of aggrecan fragments found in blood. DESIGN An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) platform for detection of ARGS-aggrecan was validated, using a standard made from recombinant human aggrecan. Matched samples of SF, serum, plasma, and urine were obtained from 36 subjects at different time points after knee injury, and analysed for ARGS-aggrecan content. Aggrecan was purified from serum and plasma pools and analysed by Western blot. RESULTS The limits of quantification for the ARGS-aggrecan assay was between 0.2 and 0.025 pmol ARGS/ml, and the sensitivity of the assay was improved two-fold compared to when using a standard purified from human donors. The ARGS concentrations were highest in SF (mean, range; 3.02, 0.36-30.22 pmol/ml), 20 times lower in the blood samples (0.14, 0.055-0.28 pmol/ml serum and 0.13, 0.053-0.28 pmol/ml plasma), and 80 times lower in urine (0.036, below detection - 0.087 pmol/ml). Serum-ARGS and plasma-ARGS concentrations were similar, and correlated (r(S) = 0.773, P < 0.001). SF concentration correlated with serum concentrations (r(S) = 0.420, P = 0.011). In blood, we identified 129-138 kDa aggrecan fragments containing the ARGS neoepitope. CONCLUSIONS This novel ARGS-aggrecan assay is highly sensitive and suited for analysis of SF and blood samples. Both SF and blood contains ARGS-aggrecan, and ARGS concentrations in SF and serum are correlated.
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Hamada D, Sampson ER, Maynard RD, Zuscik MJ. Surgical induction of posttraumatic osteoarthritis in the mouse. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1130:61-72. [PMID: 24482165 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-989-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Given the prevalence and the scope of the personal and societal burden of OA, investigators have become increasingly interested in understanding the pathogenic basis of disease and developing novel disease-modifying OA therapies. Because of the well-documented central role that joint trauma plays in the initiation of knee OA, large animal and rodent models of knee injury that accurately recapitulate the OA disease process have become increasingly widespread over the past decade. To enable study in the context of defined genetic backgrounds, investigative teams have informally developed standardized protocols for injuring the mouse knee that aim to induce a reproducible degenerative process both in terms of severity and temporal pacing of disease progression. One such procedure, the meniscal/ligamentous injury (MLI) model of posttraumatic OA, is described in detail in this chapter. The description provided here sets the stage for both inexperienced and established investigators to employ the MLI procedure, or other similar surgical destabilization methods, to initiate the development of posttraumatic OA in the mouse. Successful application of this method provides a preclinical platform to study the mechanisms driving the pathogenesis of OA and to develop chondroprotective/regenerative strategies to treat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hamada
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Discovery of a benzimidazole series of ADAMTS-5 (aggrecanase-2) inhibitors by scaffold hopping. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 71:250-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Thote T, Lin ASP, Raji Y, Moran S, Stevens HY, Hart M, Kamath RV, Guldberg RE, Willett NJ. Localized 3D analysis of cartilage composition and morphology in small animal models of joint degeneration. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:1132-41. [PMID: 23747340 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current histological scoring methods to evaluate efficacy of potential therapeutics for slowing or preventing joint degeneration are time-consuming and semi-quantitative in nature. Hence, there is a need to develop and standardize quantitative outcome measures to define sensitive metrics for studying potential therapeutics. The objectives of this study were to use equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast agent via Equilibrium Partitioning of an Ionic Contrast-Microcomputed tomography (EPIC-μCT) to quantitatively characterize morphological and compositional changes in the tibial articular cartilage in two distinct models of joint degeneration and define localized regions of interest to detect degenerative cartilage changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) and medial meniscal transection (MMT) rat models were used in this study. Three weeks post-surgery, tibiae were analyzed using EPIC-μCT and histology. EPIC-μCT allowed measurement of 3D morphological changes in cartilage thickness, volume and composition. RESULTS Extensive cartilage degeneration was observed throughout the joint in the MIA model after 3 weeks. In contrast, the MMT model showed more localized degeneration with regional thickening of the medial tibial plateau and a decrease in attenuation consistent with proteoglycan (PG) depletion. Focal lesions were also observed and 3D volume calculated as an additional outcome metric. CONCLUSIONS EPIC-μCT was used to quantitatively assess joint degeneration in two distinct preclinical models. The MMT model showed similar features to human Osteoarthritis (OA), including localized lesion formation and PG loss, while the MIA model displayed extensive cartilage degeneration throughout the joint. EPIC-μCT imaging provides a rapid and quantitative screening tool for preclinical evaluation of OA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Thote
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
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Blumenfeld O, Williams FMK, Hart DJ, Spector TD, Arden N, Livshits G. Association between cartilage and bone biomarkers and incidence of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (RKOA) in UK females: a prospective study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:923-9. [PMID: 23598177 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a need to find biochemical markers that would identify people with increased risk of developing radiographic knee osteoarthritis (RKOA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of cartilage and bone biomarkers (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), aggrecan, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein (cIAP), N-telopeptide-to-helix (NTx)) to predict RKOA incidence in a 10-year follow-up of UK females from the Chingford community study. METHOD Joint space narrowing (JSN), osteophytes (OSP) and Kellgren-Lawrence (K/L) grades were scored from radiographs of both knees at study baseline and 10 years later in 1,003 women aged 45-64. Circulating levels of biomarkers and demographic variables were measured at baseline. Statistical association analysis was conducted between the potential predictor factors measured at baseline and documentation of RKOA at 10-year follow-up. RESULTS Age and body mass index (BMI), were significant predictors of incidence of RKOA as assessed by K/L and OSP. Considering biomarkers, independent significant association was found between COMP circulating levels and K/L scores (Odd Ratio (OR) = 2.87, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.19-6.89, P = 0.018). Significant negative association was detected between aggrecan plasma concentrations and JSN, with OR = 0.37 (95% CI 0.15-0.89), P = 0.026. CONCLUSIONS Aggrecan and COMP circulating levels contribute to identification of phenotype-specific RKOA incidence. These data suggest potentially protective role of aggrecan in cartilage loss, as measured by JSN. High COMP levels are risk factors for development of RKOA, as assessed by K/L scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Blumenfeld
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Franciozi CES, Tarini VAF, Reginato RD, Gonçalves PRS, Medeiros VP, Ferretti M, Dreyfuss JL, Nader HB, Faloppa F. Gradual strenuous running regimen predisposes to osteoarthritis due to cartilage cell death and altered levels of glycosaminoglycans. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:965-72. [PMID: 23602983 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the hypothesis that strenuous running is a predisposing factor for osteoarthritis. DESIGN Wistar rats were divided into two groups: a control group (CG) and a trained group (TG). The TG underwent a strenuous treadmill running training regimen of controlled intensity, exhibiting progressively improvement of fitness over 12 weeks, running at least 55 km during this period and finally performing an ultra-endurance running exercise to exhaustion. After this period, rats from both groups were euthanized and their knees removed. The articular cartilage was dissected and submitted to histomorphometrical, histomorphological, and immunohistochemical analyses evaluating cell death pathway (caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)) and inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)]. In addition, the tissues were analyzed regarding the types and the content of glycosaminoglycans. RESULTS The TG knee joints exhibited increase in the number of chondrocytes and chondrocyte clusters, as well as significantly increased levels of caspase-3, a protein involved in apoptosis, and of inflammatory cytokines IL-1α and TNF-α. In addition, histologically higher grades of osteoarthritis (Osteoarthritis Research Society International - OARSI grading), and significantly decreased levels of chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid. Knee cartilage thickness and TUNEL did not significantly differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS The articular cartilage of rats subjected to a strenuous running regimen of controlled intensity exhibited molecular and histological characteristics that are present in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E S Franciozi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Little CB, Hunter DJ. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis: from mouse models to clinical trials. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2013; 9:485-97. [PMID: 23689231 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2013.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common of all arthropathies, is a leading cause of disability and has a large (and growing) worldwide socioeconomic cost. Despite its burgeoning importance, translation of disease-modifying OA therapies from the laboratory into clinical practice has slowed. Differences between the OA models studied preclinically and the disease evaluated in human clinical trials contribute to this failure. Most animal models of OA induce disease through surgical or mechanical disruption of joint biomechanics in young individuals rather than the spontaneous development of age-associated disease. This instability-induced joint disease in animals best models the arthritis that develops in humans after an injurious event, known as post-traumatic OA (PTOA). Studies in genetically modified mice suggest that PTOA has a distinct molecular pathophysiology compared with that of spontaneous OA, which might explain the poor translation from preclinical to clinical OA therapeutic trials. This Review summarizes the latest data on potential molecular targets for PTOA prevention and modification derived from studies in genetically modified mice, and describes their validation in preclinical therapeutic trials. This article focuses on how these findings might best be translated to humans, and identifies the potential challenges to successful implementation of clinical trials of disease-modifying drugs for PTOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia. christopher.little@ sydney.edu.au
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Atobe M, Maekawara N, Ishiguro N, Sogame S, Suenaga Y, Kawanishi M, Suzuki H, Jinno N, Tanaka E, Miyoshi S. A series of thiazole derivatives bearing thiazolidin-4-one as non-competitive ADAMTS-5 (aggrecanase-2) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2106-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Serrao E, Debnath B, Otake H, Kuang Y, Christ F, Debyser Z, Neamati N. Fragment-based discovery of 8-hydroxyquinoline inhibitors of the HIV-1 integrase-lens epithelium-derived growth factor/p75 (IN-LEDGF/p75) interaction. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2311-22. [PMID: 23445471 DOI: 10.1021/jm301632e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of an initial molecular modeling study suggesting the favorable binding of the "privileged" fragment 8-hydroxyquinoline with HIV-1 integrase (IN) at the IN-lens epithelium-derived growth factor/p75 (LEDGF/p75) interface , we developed a set of modified 8-hydroxyquinoline fragments demonstrating micromolar IC50 values for inhibition of the IN-LEDGF/p75 interaction, but significant cytotoxicity was associated with these initial compounds. Diverse modifications at the C5 and C7 carbons of the 8-hydroxyquinoline core improved potency, but reduction of diversity to only modifications at the C5 position ultimately yielded potent inhibitors with low cytotoxicity. Two of these particular compounds, 5-((p-tolylamino)methyl)quinolin-8-ol and 5-(((3,4-dimethylphenyl)amino)methyl)quinolin-8-ol, inhibited viral replication in MT-4 cells with low micromolar EC50. This is the first study providing evidence for 8-hydroxyquinolines as novel inhibitors of the IN-LEDGF/p75 interaction. Our lead compounds are druglike, have low molecular weights, and are amenable to various substitutions suitable for enhancing their potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Serrao
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California , 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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