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Liu C, Gao X, Lou J, Li H, Chen Y, Chen M, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Chang X, Luo M, Zhai Y, Li C. Aberrant mechanical loading induces annulus fibrosus cells apoptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration via mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:117. [PMID: 37420255 PMCID: PMC10327399 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is closely associated with the structural damage in the annulus fibrosus (AF). Aberrant mechanical loading is an important inducement of annulus fibrosus cells (AFCs) apoptosis, which contributes to the AF structural damage and aggravates IVDD, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of a mechanosensitive ion channel protein Piezo1 in aberrant mechanical loading-induced AFCs apoptosis and IVDD. METHODS Rats were subjected to lumbar instability surgery to induce the unbalanced dynamic and static forces to establish the lumbar instability model. MRI and histological staining were used to evaluate the IVDD degree. A cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS)-stimulated AFCs apoptosis model was established by a Flexcell system in vitro. Tunel staining, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) detection, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the apoptosis level. The activation of Piezo1 was detected using western blot and calcium fluorescent probes. Chemical activator Yoda1, chemical inhibitor GSMTx4, and a lentiviral shRNA-Piezo1 system (Lv-Piezo1) were utilized to regulate the function of Piezo1. High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to explore the mechanism of Piezo1-induced AFCs apoptosis. The Calpain activity and the activation of Calpain2/Bax/Caspase3 axis were evaluated by the Calpain activity kit and western blot with the siRNA-mediated Calapin1 or Calpain2 knockdown. Intradiscal administration of Lv-Piezo1 was utilized to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Piezo1 silencing in IVDD rats. RESULTS Lumbar instability surgery promoted the expression of Piezo1 in AFCs and stimulated IVDD in rats 4 weeks after surgery. CMS elicited distinct apoptosis of AFCs, with enhanced Piezo1 activation. Yoda1 further promoted CMS-induced apoptosis of AFCs, while GSMTx4 and Lv-Piezo1 exhibited opposite effects. RNA-seq showed that knocking down Piezo1 inhibited the calcium signaling pathway. CMS enhanced Calpain activity and elevated the expression of BAX and cleaved-Caspase3. Calpain2, but not Calpain1 knockdown, inhibited the expression of BAX and cleaved-Caspase3 and alleviated AFCs apoptosis. Lv-Piezo1 significantly alleviated the progress of IVDD in rats after lumbar instability surgery. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant mechanical loading induces AFCs apoptosis to promote IVDD by activating Piezo1 and downstream Calpain2/BAX/Caspase3 pathway. Piezo1 is expected to be a potential therapeutic target in treating IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaoxin Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jinhui Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Haiyin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Center of Traumatic Orthopedics, People's Liberation Army 990 Hospital, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Molong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics/Sports Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhilei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xian Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Menglin Luo
- Clinical Laboratory, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, Qinghai, China
| | - Yu Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Hong JY, Kim H, Jeon WJ, Lee J, Yeo C, Lee YJ, Ha IH. Epigenetic Changes within the Annulus Fibrosus by DNA Methylation in Rat Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223547. [PMID: 36428977 PMCID: PMC9688069 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an age-dependent progressive spinal disease that causes chronic back or neck pain. Although aging has long been presented as the main risk factor, the exact cause is not fully known. DNA methylation is associated with chronic pain, suggesting that epigenetic modulation may ameliorate disc degeneration. We examined histological changes in the DNA methylation within the discs and their association with pain-related transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TrpV1) expression in rats subjected to IDD. Epigenetic markers (5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-methylcytosine (5Mc)), DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), and Ten-eleven translocations (Tets) were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, and DNA dot-blot following IDD. Results revealed high 5mC levels in the annulus fibrosus (AF) region within the disc after IDD and an association with TrpV1 expression. DNMT1 is mainly involved in 5mC conversion in degenerated discs. However, 5hmC levels did not differ between groups. A degenerated disc can lead to locomotor defects as assessed by ladder and tail suspension tests, no pain signals in the von Frey test, upregulated matrix metalloproteinase-3, and downregulated aggrecan levels within the disc. Thus, we found that the DNA methylation status in the AF region of the disc was mainly changed after IDD and associated with aberrant TrpV1 expression in degenerated discs.
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Cui S, Li W, Teixeira GQ, Neidlinger‐Wilke C, Wilke H, Haglund L, Ouyang H, Richards RG, Grad S, Alini M, Li Z. Neoepitope fragments as biomarkers for different phenotypes of intervertebral disc degeneration. JOR Spine 2022; 5:e1215. [PMID: 36203866 PMCID: PMC9520770 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration process, initial degenerative events occur at the extracellular matrix level, with the appearance of neoepitope peptides formed by the cleavage of aggrecan and collagen. This study aims to elucidate the spatial and temporal alterations of aggrecan and collagen neoepitope level during IVD degeneration. Methods Bovine caudal IVDs were cultured under four different conditions to mimic different degenerative situations. Samples cultured after 1‐ or 8‐days were collected for analysis. Human IVD samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) or adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). After immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of Aggrecanase Cleaved C‐terminus Aggrecan Neoepitope (NB100), MMP Cleaved C‐terminus Aggrecan Neoepitope (MMPCC), Collagen Type 1α1 1/4 fragment (C1α1) and Collagenase Cleaved Type I and II Collagen Neoepitope (C1,2C), staining optical density (OD)/area in extracellular matrix (OECM) and pericellular zone (OPCZ) were analyzed. Conditioned media of the bovine IVD was collected to measure protein level of inflammatory cytokines and C1,2C. Results For the bovine IVD sections, the aggrecan MMPCC neoepitope was accumulated in nucleus pulposus (NP) and cartilage endplate (EP) regions following mechanical overload in the one strike model after long‐term culture; as for the TNF‐α induced degeneration, the OECM and OPCZ of collagen C1,2C neoepitope was significantly increased in the outer AF region after long‐term culture; moreover, the C1,2C was only detected in conditioned medium from TNF‐α injection + Degenerative loading group after 8 days of culture. LDH patients showed higher MMPCC OECM in NP and higher C1,2C OECM in AF region compared with AIS patients. Conclusions In summary, aggrecan and collagen neoepitope profiles showed degeneration induction trigger‐ and region‐specific differences in the IVD organ culture models. Different IVD degeneration types are correlated with specific neoepitope expression profiles. These neoepitopes may be helpful as biomarkers of ECM degradation in early IVD degeneration and indicators of different degeneration phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangbin Cui
- AO Research Institute Davos Davos Switzerland
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Wenyue Li
- AO Research Institute Davos Davos Switzerland
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU‐UoE Institute) Zhejiang University Haining China
| | - Graciosa Q. Teixeira
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre for Trauma Research Ulm (ZTF Ulm) Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Cornelia Neidlinger‐Wilke
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre for Trauma Research Ulm (ZTF Ulm) Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Hans‐Joachim Wilke
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre for Trauma Research Ulm (ZTF Ulm) Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- Department of Surgery and Shriners Hospital for Children McGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Zhejiang University‐University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU‐UoE Institute) Zhejiang University Haining China
| | - R. Geoff Richards
- AO Research Institute Davos Davos Switzerland
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | | | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos Davos Switzerland
| | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute Davos Davos Switzerland
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Follistatin-Like 1 Attenuation Suppresses Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Mice through Interacting with TNF- α and Smad Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6640751. [PMID: 33936382 PMCID: PMC8055391 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6640751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Inflammation plays an important role in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). The protein follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) plays a proinflammatory role in a variety of inflammatory diseases. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate whether IDD could be delayed by inhibiting FSTL-1 expression. Methods We established a puncture-induced IDD model in wild-type and FSTL-1+/- mice and collected intervertebral discs (IVDs) from the mice. Safranin O staining was used to detect cartilage loss of IVD tissue, and HE staining was used to detect morphological changes of IVD tissue. We measured the expression of FSTL-1 and related inflammatory indicators in IVD tissues by immunohistochemical staining, real-time PCR, and Western blotting. Results In the age-induced model of IDD, the level of FSTL-1 increased with the exacerbation of degeneration. In the puncture-induced IDD model, FSTL-1-knockdown mice showed a reduced degree of degeneration compared with that of wild-type mice. Further experiments showed that FSTL-1 knockdown also significantly reduced the level of related inflammatory factors in IVD. In vitro experiments showed that FSTL-1 knockdown significantly reduced TNF-α-induced inflammation. Specifically, the expression levels of the inflammatory factors COX-2, iNOS, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-5 were reduced. Knockdown of FSTL-1 attenuated inflammation by inhibiting the expression of P-Smad1/5/8, P-Erk1/2, and P-P65. Conclusion Knockdown of FSTL-1 attenuated inflammation by inhibiting the TNF-α response and Smad pathway activity and ultimately delayed IDD.
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Liu Z, Wang J. Biological Influence of Nonswelling Microgels on Cartilage Induction of Mouse Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6508094. [PMID: 31737672 PMCID: PMC6815524 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6508094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In cartilage tissue engineering, the target cells' functional performance depends on the biomaterials. However, it is difficult to develop an appropriate scaffold to differentiate mouse adipose-derived stem cells (mADSCs) into chondrocyte despite an increasing number of studies on biological scaffold materials. The purpose of this study was to create a novel scaffold for mADSC culture and chondrogenic differentiation with a new series of microgels based on polyethyleneimine (PEI), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and able to resist swelling with changes in temperature, pH, and polymer concentration. The biocompatibility and ability of the nonswelling microgels were then examined and served as scaffolds for cell culture and for cartilage differentiation. The results show that the new microgels are a novel biomaterial that both retains its nonswelling properties under various conditions and facilitates important scaffold functions such as cell adhesion, proliferation, and cartilage induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-Materials, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-Materials, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Glycosaminoglycan and Proteoglycan Biotherapeutics in Articular Cartilage Protection and Repair Strategies: Novel Approaches to Visco‐supplementation in Orthobiologics. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Hayes
- Bioimaging Research HubCardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX Wales UK
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUNSW Sydney Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research LaboratoriesKolling Institute of Medical ResearchRoyal North Shore Hospital and The Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of Sydney St. Leonards NSW 2065 Australia
- Sydney Medical SchoolNorthernRoyal North Shore HospitalSydney University St. Leonards NSW 2065 Australia
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Estrogen Deficiency Exacerbates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Induced by Spinal Instability in Rats. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019; 44:E510-E519. [PMID: 30325885 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN An experimental animal study of osteoporosis (OP) and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of estrogen deficiency and supplement on cervical IDD induced by bilateral facetectomy in rats. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The relationship between IDD and OP is still controversy with the wide prevalence in aged people. METHODS Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into ovariectomy (OVX) group, facet joints resection of C4-6 (FR), FR-OVX group, estrogen replacement therapy (ERT, based on the FR-OVX group) group, and sham group. Specimens of C4-6 segment were harvested at 12 and 24 weeks. The microstructures of C5 vertebrae, vertebral endplate lesions and calcification, and IDD of C5/6 disc were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. The protein and gene levels of aggrecan, Col2α1, matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-3, and MMP-13 in the C5/6 and C4/5 discs were measured. RESULTS Microstructures of C5 vertebral body were weakened significantly after ovariectomy, while restored effectively with estradiol supplementation. The facetectomy led to significant IDD, and the IDD was aggravated when combined with OVX. The IDD of the ERT group was alleviated effectively and similar to that of the FR group in intervertebral disc height, vertebral endplate lesions and calcification, and disc degeneration scores. In addition, the estrogen supplement maintained the extracellular matrix by decreasing MMP-3 and MMP-13, and increasing aggrecan and Col2α1 expression. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that estrogen deficiency exacerbated IDD induced by spinal instability, while estrogen supplementation alleviated the progression of disc degeneration related to osteoporosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
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Yao B, Zhang M, Leng X, Zhao D. Proteomic analysis of the effects of antler extract on chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1635-1648. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Estradiol Alleviates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration through Modulating the Antioxidant Enzymes and Inhibiting Autophagy in the Model of Menopause Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7890291. [PMID: 30671175 PMCID: PMC6323532 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7890291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of menopause on redox balance in the intervertebral disc and to examine whether oxidative stress and autophagy were associated with disc degeneration in menopause rats. Methods Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (sham, ovariectomized with vehicle, and ovariectomized with estrogen). At the end of the 3-month treatment, the rats were examined by 3.0 T MRI. Serum estradiol (E2) level was measured. Redox balance of nucleus pulposus was determined by measuring total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemical staining, and Western blot were used to determine the nucleus pulposus autophagy level. At the same time, Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to describe the relationship between intervertebral disc grade, oxidative stress status, serum E2, and autophagy level. Results The level of serum E2 was significantly decreased by ovariectomy and can be corrected by the estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). In OVX rats, an increased oxidative stress and high level of autophagy were observed in nucleus pulposus tissue. ERT prevented the intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), restored the redox balance, and reduced autophagy level. Conclusion Ovariectomy induced oxidative stress, autophagy, and intervertebral disc degeneration. Autophagy of the intervertebral disc was negatively correlated with oxidative stress, and the level of autophagy can be reduced by ERT through modulating the redox balance and downregulating the autophagy level. Regulating the redox balance of IVD may be a potential therapeutic option for degeneration of the disc in the postmenopausal women.
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Oestrogen and parathyroid hormone alleviate lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in ovariectomized rats and enhance Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27521. [PMID: 27279629 PMCID: PMC4899752 DOI: 10.1038/srep27521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the mitigation effect and mechanism of oestrogen and PTH on disc degeneration in rats after ovariectomy, as well as on Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity, thirty 3-month-old rats were ovariectomized and divided into three groups. Ten additional rats were used as controls. Eight weeks later, the rats were administered oestrogen or PTH for 12 weeks, and then discs were collected for tests. Results showed that nucleus pulposus cells in the Sham group were mostly notochord cells, while in the OVX group, cells gradually developed into chondrocyte-like cells. Oestrogen or PTH could partly recover the notochord cell number. After ovariectomy, the endplate roughened and endplate porosity decreased. After oestrogen or PTH treatment, the smoothness and porosity of endplate recovered. Compared with the Sham group, Aggrecan, Col2a and Wnt/β-catenin pathway expression in OVX group decreased, and either oestrogen or PTH treatment improved their expression. The biomechanical properties of intervertebral disc significantly changed after ovariectomy, and oestrogen or PTH treatment partly recovered them. Disc degeneration occurred with low oestrogen, and the underlying mechanisms involve nutrition supply disorders, cell type changes and decreased Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity. Oestrogen and PTH can retard disc degeneration in OVX rats and enhance Wnt/β-catenin pathway activity in nucleus pulposus.
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Cui X, Liu M, Wang J, Zhou Y, Xiang Q. Electrospun scaffold containing TGF-β1 promotes human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation towards a nucleus pulposus-like phenotype under hypoxia. IET Nanobiotechnol 2015; 9:76-84. [PMID: 25829173 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2014.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was aimed at evaluating the effect of electrospun scaffold containing TGF-β1 on promoting human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation towards a nucleus pulposus-like phenotype under hypoxia. Two kinds of nanofibrous scaffolds containing TGF-β1 were fabricated using uniaxial electrospinning (Group I) and coaxial electrospinning (Group II). Human MSCs were seeded on both kinds of scaffolds and cultured in a hypoxia chamber (2% O2), and then the scaffolds were characterised. Cell proliferation and differentiation were also evaluated after 3 weeks of cell culture. Results showed that both kinds of scaffolds shared similar diameter distributions and protein release. However, Group I scaffolds were more hydrophilic than that of Group II. Both kinds of scaffolds induced the MSCs to differentiate towards the nucleus pulposus-type phenotype in vitro. In addition, the expression of nucleus pulposus-associated genes (aggrecan, type II collagen, HIF-1α and Sox-9) in Group I increased more than that of Group II. These results indicate that electrospinning nanofibrous scaffolds containing TGF-β1 supports the differentiation of MSCs towards the pulposus-like phenotype in a hypoxia chamber, which would be a more appropriate choice for nucleus pulposus regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Minghan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Xiang
- Department of Emergency, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
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Zhao YP, Tian QY, Liu B, Cuellar J, Richbourgh B, Jia TH, Liu CJ. Progranulin knockout accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration in aging mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9102. [PMID: 25777988 PMCID: PMC4894449 DOI: 10.1038/srep09102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a common degenerative disease, yet much is unknown about the mechanisms during its pathogenesis. Herein we investigated whether progranulin (PGRN), a chondroprotective growth factor, is associated with IVD degeneration. PGRN was detectable in both human and murine IVD. The levels of PGRN were upregulated in murine IVD tissue during aging process. Loss of PGRN resulted in an early onset of degenerative changes in the IVD tissue and altered expressions of the degeneration-associated molecules in the mouse IVD tissue. Moreover, PGRN knockout mice exhibited accelerated IVD matrix degeneration, abnormal bone formation and exaggerated bone resorption in vertebra with aging. The acceleration of IVD degeneration observed in PGRN null mice was probably due to the enhanced activation of NF-κB signaling and β-catenin signaling. Taken together, PGRN may play a critical role in homeostasis of IVD, and may serve as a potential molecular target for prevention and treatment of disc degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-peng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. 10003
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Qing-yun Tian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. 10003
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. 10003
| | - Jason Cuellar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. 10003
| | - Brendon Richbourgh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. 10003
| | - Tang-hong Jia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Chuan-ju Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY. 10003
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
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Feng G, Li L, Liu H, Song Y, Huang F, Tu C, Shen B, Gong Q, Li T, Liu L, Zeng J, Kong Q, Yi M, Gupte M, Ma PX, Pei F. Hypoxia differentially regulates human nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus cell extracellular matrix production in 3D scaffolds. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:582-8. [PMID: 23313531 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesize that intervertebral disc (IVD) cells from distinct region respond differently to oxygen environment, and that IVD cells from patients with disc degeneration can benefit from hypoxia condition. Therefore, we aimed to determine the transcriptional response and extracellular matrix (ECM) production of nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) cells to different oxygen tension. METHOD Human NP and AF from degenerated IVD were seeded in 3D scaffolds and subjected to varying oxygen tension (2% and 20%) for 3 weeks. Changes in ECM were evaluated using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, histological and immunohistological analyses. RESULTS Hypoxia significantly enhances NP cells phenotype, which resulted in greater production of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II within the constructs and the cells expressed higher levels of genes encoding NP ECM. A significantly stronger fluorescent signal for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) as also found in the NP cells under the hypoxic than normoxic condition. However, there was little effect of hypoxia on the AF cells. CONCLUSIONS The NP and AF cells respond differently to hypoxia condition on the 3D scaffold, and hypoxia could enhance NP phenotype. When used in concert with appropriate scaffold material, human NP cells from degenerated disc could be regenerated for tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
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