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Ayala S, Matan SO, Delco ML, Fortier LA, Cohen I, Bonassar LJ. Degradation of lubricating molecules in synovial fluid alters chondrocyte sensitivity to shear strain. J Orthop Res 2024. [PMID: 39182184 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Articular joints facilitate motion and transfer loads to underlying bone through a combination of cartilage tissue and synovial fluid, which together generate a low-friction contact surface. Traumatic injury delivered to cartilage and the surrounding joint capsule causes secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by chondrocytes and the synovium, triggering cartilage matrix breakdown and impairing the ability of synovial fluid to lubricate the joint. Once these inflammatory processes become chronic, posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) development begins. However, the exact mechanism by which negative alterations to synovial fluid leads to PTOA pathogenesis is not fully understood. We hypothesize that removing the lubricating macromolecules from synovial fluid alters the relationship between mechanical loads and subsequent chondrocyte behavior in injured cartilage. To test this hypothesis, we utilized an ex vivo model of PTOA that involves subjecting cartilage explants to a single rapid impact followed by continuous articulation within a lubricating bath of either healthy synovial fluid, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), synovial fluid treated with hyaluronidase, or synovial fluid treated with trypsin. These treatments degrade the main macromolecules attributed with providing synovial fluid with its lubricating properties; hyaluronic acid and lubricin. Explants were then bisected and fluorescently stained to assess global and depth-dependent cell death, caspase activity, and mitochondrial depolarization. Explants were tested via confocal elastography to determine the local shear strain profile generated in each lubricant. These results show that degrading hyaluronic acid or lubricin in synovial fluid significantly increases middle zone chondrocyte damage and shear strain loading magnitudes, while also altering chondrocyte sensitivity to loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Ayala
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Salman O Matan
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Michelle L Delco
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Lisa A Fortier
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Itai Cohen
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Weber P, Asadikorayem M, Zenobi-Wong M. Zwitterionic Poly-Carboxybetaine Polymers Restore Lubrication of Inflamed Articular Cartilage. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401623. [PMID: 39007282 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that is associated with decreased synovial fluid viscosity and increased cartilage friction. Though viscosupplements are available for decades, their clinical efficacy is limited and there is ample need for more effective joint lubricants. This study first evaluates the tribological and biochemical properties of bovine articular cartilage explants after stimulation with the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β. This model is then used to investigate the tribological potential of carboxybetaine (CBAA)-based zwitterionic polymers of linear and bottlebrush architecture. Due to their affinity for cartilage tissue, these polymers form a highly hydrated surface layer that decreases friction under high load in the boundary lubrication regime. For linear pCBAA, these benefits are retained over several weeks and the relaxation time of cartilage explants under compression is furthermore decreased, thereby potentially boosting the weeping lubrication mechanism. Bottlebrush bb-pCBAA shows smaller benefits under boundary lubrication but is more viscous than linear pCBAA, therefore providing better lubrication under low load in the fluid-film regime and enabling a longer residence time to bind to the cartilage surface. Showing how CBAA-based polymers restore the lost lubrication mechanisms during inflammation can inspire the next steps toward more effective joint lubricants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Weber
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Maryam Asadikorayem
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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Gonzalez-Nolde S, Schweiger CJ, Davis EER, Manzoni TJ, Hussein SMI, Schmidt TA, Cone SG, Jay GD, Parreno J. The Actin Cytoskeleton as a Regulator of Proteoglycan 4. Cartilage 2024:19476035231223455. [PMID: 38183234 DOI: 10.1177/19476035231223455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The superficial zone (SZ) of articular cartilage is responsible for distributing shear forces for optimal cartilage loading and contributes to joint lubrication through the production of proteoglycan 4 (PRG4). PRG4 plays a critical role in joint homeostasis and is chondroprotective. Normal PRG4 production is affected by inflammation and irregular mechanical loading in post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). THe SZ chondrocyte (SZC) phenotype, including PRG4 expression, is regulated by the actin cytoskeleton in vitro. There remains a limited understanding of the regulation of PRG4 by the actin cytoskeleton in native articular chondrocytes. The filamentous (F)-actin cytoskeleton is a potential node in crosstalk between mechanical stimulation and cytokine activation and the regulation of PRG4 in SZCs, therefore developing insights in the regulation of PRG4 by actin may identify molecular targets for novel PTOA therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search on PRG4 and the regulation of the SZC phenotype by actin organization was performed. RESULTS PRG4 is strongly regulated by the actin cytoskeleton in isolated SZCs in vitro. Biochemical and mechanical stimuli have been characterized to regulate PRG4 and may converge upon actin cytoskeleton signaling. CONCLUSION Actin-based regulation of PRG4 in native SZCs is not fully understood and requires further elucidation. Understanding the regulation of PRG4 by actin in SZCs requires an in vivo context to further potential of leveraging actin arrangement to arthritic therapeutics.
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Xu H, Qin H, Hua Y, Dalbeth N. Contributions of joint damage-related events to gout pathogenesis: new insights from laboratory research. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:1511-1515. [PMID: 37586760 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and imaging findings indicate that gout frequently affects damaged joints. Recent studies suggest that the relationship between gout and joint damage may be more complex than a simple unidirectional link and that joint damage may promote the development of gout at affected sites. In this article, we review the clinical associations and recent laboratory research identifying events in the setting of osteoarthritis or joint injury that can alter the intraarticular microenvironment and locally regulate monosodium urate crystallisation and deposition or amplify the inflammatory response to deposited crystals. This includes cartilage matrix proteins or fibres released into the articular space that accelerates the crystallisation process, as well as the lack of lubricin and fibroblast priming that enhances the immune response towards the deposited crystals. These findings provide new insights into gout pathogenesis and offer a possible explanation for the site preference of gout in the damaged joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- HanLin Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hengwei Qin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - YingHui Hua
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Otis C, Bouet E, Keita-Alassane S, Frezier M, Delsart A, Guillot M, Bédard A, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Lussier B, Beaudry F, Troncy E. Face and Predictive Validity of MI-RAT ( Montreal Induction of Rat Arthritis Testing), a Surgical Model of Osteoarthritis Pain in Rodents Combined with Calibrated Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16341. [PMID: 38003530 PMCID: PMC10671647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Validating animal pain models is crucial to enhancing translational research and response to pharmacological treatment. This study investigated the effects of a calibrated slight exercise protocol alone or combined with multimodal analgesia on sensory sensitivity, neuroproteomics, and joint structural components in the MI-RAT model. Joint instability was induced surgically on day (D) 0 in female rats (N = 48) distributed into sedentary-placebo, exercise-placebo, sedentary-positive analgesic (PA), and exercise-PA groups. Daily analgesic treatment (D3-D56) included pregabalin and carprofen. Quantitative sensory testing was achieved temporally (D-1, D7, D21, D56), while cartilage alteration (modified Mankin's score (mMs)) and targeted spinal pain neuropeptide were quantified upon sacrifice. Compared with the sedentary-placebo (presenting allodynia from D7), the exercise-placebo group showed an increase in sensitivity threshold (p < 0.04 on D7, D21, and D56). PA treatment was efficient on D56 (p = 0.001) and presented a synergic anti-allodynic effect with exercise from D21 to D56 (p < 0.0001). Histological assessment demonstrated a detrimental influence of exercise (mMs = 33.3%) compared with sedentary counterparts (mMs = 12.0%; p < 0.001), with more mature transformations. Spinal neuropeptide concentration was correlated with sensory sensitization and modulation sites (inflammation and endogenous inhibitory control) of the forced mobility effect. The surgical MI-RAT OA model coupled with calibrated slight exercise demonstrated face and predictive validity, an assurance of higher clinical translatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colombe Otis
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale du Québec (GREPAQ), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (C.O.); (E.B.); (S.K.-A.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (M.G.); (B.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Emilie Bouet
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale du Québec (GREPAQ), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (C.O.); (E.B.); (S.K.-A.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (M.G.); (B.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Sokhna Keita-Alassane
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale du Québec (GREPAQ), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (C.O.); (E.B.); (S.K.-A.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (M.G.); (B.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Marilyn Frezier
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale du Québec (GREPAQ), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (C.O.); (E.B.); (S.K.-A.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (M.G.); (B.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Aliénor Delsart
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale du Québec (GREPAQ), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (C.O.); (E.B.); (S.K.-A.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (M.G.); (B.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Martin Guillot
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale du Québec (GREPAQ), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (C.O.); (E.B.); (S.K.-A.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (M.G.); (B.L.); (F.B.)
| | - Agathe Bédard
- Charles River Laboratories Montreal ULC, Senneville, QC H9X 1C1, Canada;
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Université de Montréal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (J.-P.P.); (J.M.-P.)
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Université de Montréal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (J.-P.P.); (J.M.-P.)
| | - Bertrand Lussier
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale du Québec (GREPAQ), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (C.O.); (E.B.); (S.K.-A.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (M.G.); (B.L.); (F.B.)
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Université de Montréal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (J.-P.P.); (J.M.-P.)
| | - Francis Beaudry
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale du Québec (GREPAQ), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (C.O.); (E.B.); (S.K.-A.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (M.G.); (B.L.); (F.B.)
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Université de Montréal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (J.-P.P.); (J.M.-P.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cerveau et L’Apprentissage (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1P1, Canada
| | - Eric Troncy
- Groupe de Recherche en Pharmacologie Animale du Québec (GREPAQ), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (C.O.); (E.B.); (S.K.-A.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (M.G.); (B.L.); (F.B.)
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Université de Montréal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (J.-P.P.); (J.M.-P.)
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cerveau et L’Apprentissage (CIRCA), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1P1, Canada
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Dzidzishvili L, Calvo E, López-Torres II. Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Repair Reduces but Does Not Avoid Histologic Progression of Osteoarthritis: Randomized In Vivo Experimental Study in a Rabbit Model. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:2964-2974. [PMID: 37589243 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231188527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal treatment option for meniscus root tears is still challenging, and whether the meniscus root repair ultimately can arrest or delay osteoarthritic changes is still a concern. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study was 2-fold: (1) to describe and compare histopathologic findings of 3 different therapeutic options for medial meniscus posterior root tear: nonoperative management, partial meniscectomy, and meniscus root repair; and (2) to test the hypothesis that meniscus root tears treated nonoperatively predispose to a lower risk of osteoarthritic progression compared with partial meniscectomy. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Posteromedial meniscus root tears were carried out in 39 New Zealand White rabbits. Animals were randomly assigned into 3 experimental groups: partial meniscectomy after root tear (PM; n = 13), root tears treated conservatively (CT; n = 13), and transtibial root repair (RR; n = 13). Contralateral limbs were used as healthy controls. The animals were euthanized at 16 weeks postoperatively; tissue samples of femoral and tibial articular cartilage were collected and processed for macro- and microscopic assessment to detect signs of early osteoarthritis (OA). Each sample was histopathologically assessed using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International grading and staging system. RESULTS Osteoarthritic changes were the hallmark in all 3 experimental groups. The RR group had the lowest scores for cartilage damage (mean, 2.5; range, 2-3), and the PM group exhibited higher and more severe signs of OA (mean, 16; range, 9-16) compared with the CT group (mean, 5; range, 4-6). The between-group comparison revealed significant differences, as the PM group showed a significantly higher rate of macro- and microscopic osteoarthritic changes compared with the RR (P < .001) and CT (P < .001) groups. The weightbearing area of the medial femoral condyle was the most severely affected, and tidemark disruption was evident in all tissue samples. CONCLUSION Meniscus root repair cannot completely arrest the histopathologic progression of knee OA but leads to significantly less severe degenerative changes than partial meniscectomy and nonoperative treatment. Partial meniscectomy leads to the most severe osteoarthritic progression, while stable radial tears left in situ have lower progression compared with partial meniscectomy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Histologic assessment is an essential tool and metric for guiding and understanding osteoarthritic features, providing insight into the disease development and progression. This study provides histopathologic evidence on osteoarthritic progression after medial meniscus posterior root repair. This knowledge can help to set more realistic expectations and can lead to the future development of augmented techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lika Dzidzishvili
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Calvo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Isabel López-Torres
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Roggio F, Petrigna L, Trovato B, Di Rosa M, Musumeci G. The Role of Lubricin, Irisin and Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065126. [PMID: 36982198 PMCID: PMC10049370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative musculoskeletal disease that worsens with age and is defined by pathological alterations in joint components. All clinical treatment recommendations for osteoarthritis promote exercise, although precise molecular pathways are unclear. The purpose of this study was to critically analyze the research on lubricin and irisin and how they relate to healthy and diseased joint tissue. Our research focused specifically on exercise strategies and offered new perspectives for future potential osteoarthritis treatment plans. Although lubricin and irisin have only recently been discovered, there is evidence that they have an impact on cartilage homeostasis. A crucial component of cartilage lubrication and integrity, lubricin is a surface-active mucinous glycoprotein released by the synovial joint. Its expression increases with joint movement. In healthy joints, lubricin molecules cover the cartilage surface to lubricate the boundary of the joint and inhibit protein and cell attachment. Patients with joint trauma, inflammatory arthritis, or genetically mediated lubricin deficiency, who do not produce enough lubricin to protect the articular cartilage, develop arthropathy. Irisin, sometimes known as the "sports hormone", is a myokine secreted primarily by skeletal muscle. It is a physiologically active protein that can enter the circulation as an endocrine factor, and its synthesis and secretion are primarily triggered by exercise-induced muscle contraction. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus using the appropriate keywords to identify the most recent research. The studies considered advance our knowledge of the role that exercise plays in the fight against osteoarthritis, serve as a valuable resource, and support the advancement of osteoarthritis prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Roggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Via Giovanni Pascoli 6, 90144 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Petrigna
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Bruno Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Research Center on Motor Activities (CRAM), University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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8
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Jørgensen AEM, Schjerling P, DellaValle B, Rungby J, Kjær M. Acute loading has minor influence on human articular cartilage gene expression and glycosaminoglycan composition in late-stage knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023:S1063-4584(23)00335-7. [PMID: 36720425 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.01.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) remains clinically challenging. Regular physical exercise improves symptoms though it is unclear whether exercise influences cartilage at the molecular level. Thus, we aimed to determine the effect of acute loading on gene expression and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content in human OA cartilage. DESIGN Patients with primary knee OA participated in this single-blind randomised controlled trial initiated 3.5 h prior to scheduled joint replacement surgery with or without loading by performing one bout of resistance exercise (one-legged leg press). Cartilage from the medial tibia condyle was sampled centrally, under the meniscus, and from peripheral osteophytes. Samples were analysed for gene expression by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and hyaluronidase-extracted matrix was analysed for GAG composition by immuno- and dimethyl-methylene blue assays. RESULTS Of 32 patients randomised, 31 completed the intervention: mean age 69 ± 7.5 years (SD), 58% female, BMI 29.4 ± 4.4 kg/m2. Exercise increased chondroitin sulphate extractability [95% CI: 1.01 to 2.46; P = 0.0486] but cartilage relevant gene expression was unchanged. Regionally, the submeniscal area showed higher MMP-3, MMP-13, IGF-1Ea, and CTGF, together with lower lubricin and COMP expression compared to the central condylar region. Further, osteophyte expression of MMP-1, MMP-13, IGF-1Ea, and TGF-β3 was higher than articular cartilage and lower for aggrecan, COMP, and FGF-2. Hyaluronidase-extracted matrix from central condylar cartilage contained more GAGs but less chondroitin sulphate compared to submeniscal cartilage. CONCLUSION Acute exercise had minor influence on cartilage GAG dynamics, indicating that osteoarthritic cartilage is not significantly affected by acute exercise. However, the regional differences suggest a chronic mechanical influence on human cartilage. CLINICALTRIALS GOV REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03410745.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E M Jørgensen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81, Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - P Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81, Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B DellaValle
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; GLX Analytix ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Rungby
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Kjær
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M81, Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Yang DS, Dickerson EE, Zhang LX, Richendrfer H, Karamchedu PN, Badger GJ, Schmidt TA, Fredericks AM, Elsaid KA, Jay GD. Quadruped Gait and Regulation of Apoptotic Factors in Tibiofemoral Joints following Intra-Articular rhPRG4 Injection in Prg4 Null Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084245. [PMID: 35457064 PMCID: PMC9025840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis (CACP) syndrome leads to diarthrodial joint arthropathy and is caused by the absence of lubricin (proteoglycan 4—PRG4), a surface-active mucinous glycoprotein responsible for lubricating articular cartilage. In this study, mice lacking the orthologous gene Prg4 served as a model that recapitulates the destructive arthrosis that involves biofouling of cartilage by serum proteins in lieu of Prg4. This study hypothesized that Prg4-deficient mice would demonstrate a quadruped gait change and decreased markers of mitochondrial dyscrasia, following intra-articular injection of both hindlimbs with recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4). Prg4−/− (N = 44) mice of both sexes were injected with rhPRG4 and gait alterations were studied at post-injection day 3 and 6, before joints were harvested for immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 activation. Increased stance and propulsion was shown at 3 days post-injection in male mice. There were significantly fewer caspase-3-positive chondrocytes in tibiofemoral cartilage from rhPRG4-injected mice. The mitochondrial gene Mt-tn, and myosin heavy (Myh7) and light chains (Myl2 and Myl3), known to play a cytoskeletal stabilizing role, were significantly upregulated in both sexes (RNA-Seq) following IA rhPRG4. Chondrocyte mitochondrial dyscrasias attributable to the arthrosis in CACP may be mitigated by IA rhPRG4. In a supporting in vitro crystal microbalance experiment, molecular fouling by albumin did not block the surface activity of rhPRG4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Yang
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (D.S.Y.); (G.D.J.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (L.X.Z.); (H.R.)
| | - Edward E. Dickerson
- North Carolina Agricultural Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Ling X. Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (L.X.Z.); (H.R.)
| | - Holly Richendrfer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (L.X.Z.); (H.R.)
| | - Padmini N. Karamchedu
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Gary J. Badger
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA;
| | - Alger M. Fredericks
- Department of Surgery, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Khaled A. Elsaid
- School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (D.S.Y.); (G.D.J.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (L.X.Z.); (H.R.)
- Department of Orthopedics, Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
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Gu X, Li F, Gao Y, Che X, Li P. HDAC4 mutant represses chondrocyte hypertrophy by locating in the nucleus and attenuates disease progression of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:8. [PMID: 34980076 PMCID: PMC8725337 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate whether histone deacetylase 4 S246/467/632A mutant (m-HDAC4) has enhanced function at histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) to attenuate cartilage degeneration in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Chondrocytes were infected with Ad-m-HDAC4-GFP or Ad-HDAC4-GFP for 24 h, incubated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β 10 ng/mL) for 24 h, and then measured by RT-qPCR. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) were randomly divided into four groups and transduced with different vectors: ACLT/Ad-GFP, ACLT/Ad-HDAC4-GFP, ACLT/Ad-m-HDAC4-GFP, and sham/Ad-GFP. All rats received intra-articular injections 48 h after the operation and every 3 weeks thereafter. Cartilage damage was assessed using radiography and Safranin O staining and quantified using the OARSI score. The hypertrophic and anabolic molecules were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. RESULTS M-HDAC4 decreased the expression levels of Runx-2, Mmp-13, and Col 10a1, but increased the levels of Col 2a1 and ACAN more effectively than HDAC4 in the IL-1β-induced chondrocyte OA model; upregulation of HDAC4 and m-HDAC4 in the rat OA model suppressed Runx-2 and MMP-13 production, and enhanced Col 2a1 and ACAN synthesis. Stronger Safranin O staining was detected in rats treated with m-HDAC4 than in those treated with HDAC4. The resulting OARSI scores were lower in the Ad-m-HDAC4 group (5.80 ± 0.45) than in the Ad-HDAC4 group (9.67 ± 1.83, P = 0.045). The OARSI scores were highest in rat knees that underwent ACLT treated with Ad-GFP control adenovirus vector (14.93 ± 2.14, P = 0.019 compared with Ad-HDAC4 group; P = 0.003 compared with Ad-m-HDAC4 group). Lower Runx-2 and MMP-13 production, and stronger Col 2a1 and ACAN synthesis were detected in rats treated with m-HDAC4 than in those treated with HDAC4. CONCLUSIONS M-HDAC4 repressed chondrocyte hypertrophy and induced chondrocyte anabolism in the nucleus. M-HDAC4 was more effective in attenuating articular cartilage damage than HDAC4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Longcheng Road 99, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Wuyi Road 382, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yangyang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Wuyi Road 382, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xianda Che
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Wuyi Road 382, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Pengcui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Wuyi Road 382, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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11
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Hayashi K, Bourgeois A, Lopez D, Caserto BG, Berthelsen E, Krotscheck U, Reesink HL, Kim SY, Putnam D. Intra-Articular Administration of a Synthetic Lubricin in Canine Stifles. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2021; 35:90-95. [PMID: 34598303 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional, systemic, synovial and articular changes after intra-articular administration of a synthetic lubricin within healthy canine stifles. STUDY DESIGN A prospective randomized blinded placebo-controlled study composed of 10 dogs equally divided into either a treatment group (intra-articular synthetic lubricin injection, n = 5) or control group (saline, n = 5). Clinical (orthopaedic examination, gait observation, gait analysis), biochemical (complete blood count and biochemistry profile) and local tissue outcomes (joint fluid analysis, joint capsule and articular cartilage histopathology) were evaluated over a time period of 3 months. RESULTS No significant differences between the treatment group and control group were identified with regard to baseline patient parameters. No clinically significant orthopaedic examination abnormalities, gait abnormalities, biochemical alterations, joint fluid alterations or histopathological alterations were identified over the course of the study. CONCLUSION The synthetic lubricin studied herein is both biocompatible and safe for a single administration within the canine stifle joint. Further research is necessary to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the synthetic lubricin in canine osteoarthritic joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Hayashi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Alexandria Bourgeois
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Daniel Lopez
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | | | - Erin Berthelsen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Ursula Krotscheck
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Heidi L Reesink
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
| | - David Putnam
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States.,Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
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12
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Herger S, Vach W, Liphardt AM, Nüesch C, Egloff C, Mündermann A. Experimental-analytical approach to assessing mechanosensitive cartilage blood marker kinetics in healthy adults: dose-response relationship and interrelationship of nine candidate markers. F1000Res 2021; 10:490. [PMID: 35284064 PMCID: PMC8907551 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52159.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the suitability of selected blood biomarkers of articular cartilage as mechanosensitive markers and to investigate the dose-response relationship between ambulatory load magnitude and marker kinetics in response to load. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 24 healthy volunteers before and at three time points after a 30-minute walking stress test performed on three test days. In each experimental session, one of three ambulatory loads was applied: 100% body weight (BW); 80%BW; 120%BW. Serum concentrations of COMP, MMP-3, MMP-9, ADAMTS-4, PRG-4, CPII, C2C and IL-6 were assessed using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A two-stage analytical approach was used to determine the suitability of a biomarker by testing the response to the stress test (criterion I) and the dose-response relationship between ambulatory load magnitude and biomarker kinetics (criterion II). Results. COMP, MMP-3 and IL-6 at all three time points after, MMP-9 at 30 and 60 minutes after, and ADAMTS-4 and CPII at immediately after the stress test showed an average response to load or an inter-individual variation in response to load of up to 25% of pre-test levels. The relation to load magnitude on average or an inter-individual variation in this relationship was up to 8% from load level to load level. There was a positive correlation for the slopes of the change-load relationship between COMP and MMP-3, and a negative correlation for the slopes between COMP, MMP-3 and IL-6 with MMP-9, and COMP with IL6. Conclusions: COMP, MMP-3, IL-6, MMP-9, and ADAMTS-4 warrant further investigation in the context of articular cartilage mechanosensitivity and its role in joint degeneration and OA. While COMP seems to be able to reflect a rapid response, MMP-3 seems to reflect a slightly longer lasting, but probably also more distinct response. MMP-3 showed also the strongest association with the magnitude of load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Herger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, BL, 4123, Switzerland
| | - Werner Vach
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Basel Academy for Quality and Research in Medicine, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Maria Liphardt
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Corina Nüesch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, BL, 4123, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Christian Egloff
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Annegret Mündermann
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, BL, 4123, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
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13
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Herger S, Vach W, Liphardt AM, Nüesch C, Egloff C, Mündermann A. Experimental-analytical approach to assessing mechanosensitive cartilage blood marker kinetics in healthy adults: dose-response relationship and interrelationship of nine candidate markers. F1000Res 2021; 10:490. [PMID: 35284064 PMCID: PMC8907551 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.52159.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the suitability of selected blood biomarkers of articular cartilage as mechanosensitive markers and to investigate the dose-response relationship between ambulatory load magnitude and marker kinetics in response to load. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 24 healthy volunteers before and at three time points after a 30-minute walking stress test performed on three test days. In each experimental session, one of three ambulatory loads was applied: 100% body weight (BW); 80%BW; 120%BW. Serum concentrations of COMP, MMP-3, MMP-9, ADAMTS-4, PRG-4, CPII, C2C and IL-6 were assessed using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A two-stage analytical approach was used to determine the suitability of a biomarker by testing the response to the stress test (criterion I) and the dose-response relationship between ambulatory load magnitude and biomarker kinetics (criterion II). Results. COMP, MMP-3 and IL-6 at all three time points after, MMP-9 at 30 and 60 minutes after, and ADAMTS-4 and CPII at immediately after the stress test showed an average response to load or an inter-individual variation in response to load of up to 25% of pre-test levels. The relation to load magnitude on average or an inter-individual variation in this relationship was up to 8% from load level to load level. There was a positive correlation for the slopes of the change-load relationship between COMP and MMP-3, and a negative correlation for the slopes between COMP, MMP-3 and IL-6 with MMP-9, and COMP with IL6. Conclusions: COMP, MMP-3, IL-6, MMP-9, and ADAMTS-4 warrant further investigation in the context of articular cartilage mechanosensitivity and its role in joint degeneration and OA. While COMP seems to be able to reflect a rapid response, MMP-3 seems to reflect a slightly longer lasting, but probably also more distinct response. MMP-3 showed also the strongest association with the magnitude of load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Herger
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, BL, 4123, Switzerland
| | - Werner Vach
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Basel Academy for Quality and Research in Medicine, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Maria Liphardt
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Corina Nüesch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, BL, 4123, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Christian Egloff
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
| | - Annegret Mündermann
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Spine Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, BL, 4123, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, BS, 4031, Switzerland
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14
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Roberts HM, Griffith-McGeever CL, Owen JA, Angell L, Moore JP, Thom JM. An exploratory study to investigate the association between age, physical activity, femoral trochlear cartilage thickness and biomarkers of tissue metabolism in adult males. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1871-1880. [PMID: 33713200 PMCID: PMC8192398 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the association between age, physical activity, femoral trochlear cartilage thickness and biomarkers of tissue metabolism in a cross-sectional sample of adult males. This study utilizes several emerging biomarkers that have been associated with early joint degenerative changes; serum COMP (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein), HA (hyaluronan) and lubricin. Methods Eighty-one males (age: mean (range): 43(18–70) years; body mass index: 25.2 (21.0–30.6) kg/m2) volunteered. Resting serum COMP, HA and lubricin concentrations were determined via commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and femoral trochlear cartilage thickness via supra-patellar ultrasound imaging. Physical activity levels were assessed using questionnaires. Statistical analyses were performed using correlation and regression analyses. Results Age was correlated with lateral trochlear cartilage thickness (r = − 0.372; p < 0.01) and serum COMP (r = 0.342; p < 0.01). 7-day physical activity was correlated with serum COMP (r = 0.357, p < 0.01), and 12-month physical activity with both lateral trochlear cartilage thickness (r = 0.340, p = 0.01) and serum HA (r = 0.296, p < 0.05). Regression analyses revealed that age significantly accounted for the variability in lateral cartilage thickness and serum COMP, following the adjustment for potential cofounders. However, the association between age and lateral trochlear cartilage thickness was not moderated by physical activity levels (all p > 0.05). Conclusion This study indicates that older age may be associated with thinner lateral trochlear cartilage and higher cartilage turnover. Being physically active may also be positive for lateral trochlear cartilage thickness. However, overall, both age and physical activity level only account for a small amount of the variability in cartilage thickness and serum biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry M Roberts
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Physical Activity for Health and Well Being (PAWB) Research Group, Bangor University, Bangor, UK. .,School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, The Leggett Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford, GU2 7WG, UK.
| | - Claire L Griffith-McGeever
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Physical Activity for Health and Well Being (PAWB) Research Group, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Julian A Owen
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Physical Activity for Health and Well Being (PAWB) Research Group, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Lewis Angell
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Physical Activity for Health and Well Being (PAWB) Research Group, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Jonathan P Moore
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Physical Activity for Health and Well Being (PAWB) Research Group, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Jeanette M Thom
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Physical Activity for Health and Well Being (PAWB) Research Group, Bangor University, Bangor, UK.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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15
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Creb5 establishes the competence for Prg4 expression in articular cartilage. Commun Biol 2021; 4:332. [PMID: 33712729 PMCID: PMC7955038 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of cells comprising the superficial zone of articular cartilage is their expression of lubricin, encoded by the Prg4 gene, that lubricates the joint and protects against the development of arthritis. Here, we identify Creb5 as a transcription factor that is specifically expressed in superficial zone articular chondrocytes and is required for TGF-β and EGFR signaling to induce Prg4 expression. Notably, forced expression of Creb5 in chondrocytes derived from the deep zone of the articular cartilage confers the competence for TGF-β and EGFR signals to induce Prg4 expression. Chromatin-IP and ATAC-Seq analyses have revealed that Creb5 directly binds to two Prg4 promoter-proximal regulatory elements, that display an open chromatin conformation specifically in superficial zone articular chondrocytes; and which work in combination with a more distal regulatory element to drive induction of Prg4 by TGF-β. Our results indicate that Creb5 is a critical regulator of Prg4/lubricin expression in the articular cartilage.
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16
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Karamchedu NP, Murray MM, Sieker JT, Proffen BL, Portilla G, Costa MQ, Molino J, Fleming BC. Bridge-Enhanced Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair Leads to Greater Limb Asymmetry and Less Cartilage Damage Than Untreated ACL Transection or ACL Reconstruction in the Porcine Model. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:667-674. [PMID: 33534613 PMCID: PMC8099149 DOI: 10.1177/0363546521989265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extent of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) in the porcine anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection model is dependent on the surgical treatment selected. In a previous study, animals treated with bridge-enhanced ACL repair using a tissue-engineered implant developed less PTOA than those treated with ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Alterations in gait, including asymmetric weightbearing and shorter stance times, have been noted in clinical studies of subjects with osteoarthritis. HYPOTHESIS Animals receiving a surgical treatment that results in less PTOA (ie, bridge-enhanced ACL repair) would exhibit fewer longitudinal postoperative gait asymmetries over a 1-year period when compared with treatments that result in greater PTOA (ie, ACLR and ACL transection). STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Thirty-six Yucatan minipigs underwent ACL transection and were randomized to receive (1) no further treatment, (2) ACLR, or (3) bridge-enhanced ACL repair. Gait analyses were performed preoperatively, and at 4, 12, 26, and 52 weeks postoperatively. Macroscopic cartilage assessments were performed at 52 weeks. RESULTS Knees treated with bridge-enhanced ACL repair had less macroscopic damage in the medial tibial plateau than those treated with ACLR or ACL transection (adjusted P = .03 for both comparisons). The knees treated with bridge-enhanced ACL repair had greater asymmetry in hindlimb maximum force and impulse loading at 52 weeks than the knees treated with ACL transection (adjusted P < .05 for both comparisons). Although not significant, there was a trend that knees treated with bridge-enhanced ACL repair had greater asymmetry in hindlimb maximum force and impulse loading (adjusted P < .10 for both comparisons) compared with ACLR. CONCLUSION Contrary to our hypothesis, the surgical treatment resulting in less macroscopic cartilage damage (ie, bridge-enhanced ACL repair) exhibited greater asymmetry in load-related gait parameters than the other surgical groups. This finding suggests that increased offloading of the surgical knee may be associated with a slower rate of PTOA development. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Less cartilage damage at 52 weeks was found in the surgical group that continued to protect the limb from full body weight during gait. This finding suggests that protection of the knee from maximum stresses may be important in minimizing the development of PTOA in the ACL-injured knee within 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Padmini Karamchedu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Martha M. Murray
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jakob T. Sieker
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benedikt L. Proffen
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriela Portilla
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meggin Q. Costa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Janine Molino
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Braden C. Fleming
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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17
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Ji X, Ito A, Nakahata A, Nishitani K, Kuroki H, Aoyama T. Effects of in vivo cyclic compressive loading on the distribution of local Col2 and superficial lubricin in rat knee cartilage. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:543-552. [PMID: 32716572 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of an episode of in vivo cyclic loading on rat knee articular cartilage (AC) under medium-term observation, while also investigating relevant factors associated with the progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Twelve-week-old Wistar rats underwent one episode comprising 60 cycles of 20 N or 50 N dynamic compression on the right knee joint. Spatiotemporal changes in the AC after loading were evaluated using histology and immunohistochemistry at 3 days and 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after loading (n = 6 for each condition). Chondrocyte vitality was assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 hours after loading (n = 2 for each condition). A localized AC lesion on the lateral femoral condyle was confirmed in all subjects. The surface and intermediate cartilage in the affected area degenerated after loading, but the calcified cartilage remained intact. Expression of type II collagen in the lesion cartilage was upregulated after loading, whereas the superficial lubricin layer was eroded in response to cyclic compression. However, the distribution of superficial lubricin gradually recovered to the normal level 4 weeks after loading-induced injury. We confirmed that 60 repetitions of cyclic loading exceeding 20 N could result in cartilage damage in the rat knee. Endogenous repairs in well-structured joints work well to rebuild protective layers on the lesion cartilage surface, which may be the latent factor delaying the progression of PTOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ji
- Department of Development and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Ito
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakahata
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishitani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroki
- Department of Motor Function Analysis, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Development and Rehabilitation of Motor Function, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Feeney E, Galesso D, Secchieri C, Oliviero F, Ramonda R, Bonassar LJ. Inflammatory and Noninflammatory Synovial Fluids Exhibit New and Distinct Tribological Endotypes. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:111001. [PMID: 32577715 DOI: 10.1115/1.4047628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Inferior synovial lubrication is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA), and synovial fluid (SF) lubrication and composition are variable among OA patients. Hyaluronic acid (HA) viscosupplementation is a widely used therapy for improving SF viscoelasticity and lubrication, but it is unclear how the effectiveness of HA viscosupplements varies with arthritic endotype. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the HA viscosupplement, Hymovis®, on the lubricating properties of diseased SF from patients with noninflammatory OA and inflammatory arthritis (IA). The composition (cytokine, HA, and lubricin concentrations) of the SF was measured as well as the mechanical properties (rheology, tribology) of the SF alone and in a 1:1 mixture with the HA viscosupplement. Using rotational rheometry, no difference in SF viscosity was detected between disease types, and the addition of HA significantly increased all fluids' viscosities. In noninflammatory OA SF, friction coefficients followed a typical Stribeck pattern, and their magnitude was decreased by the addition of HA. While some of the IA SF also showed typical Stribeck behavior, a subset showed more erratic behavior with highly variable and larger friction coefficients. Interestingly, this aberrant behavior was not eliminated by the addition of HA, and it was associated with low concentrations of lubricin. Aberrant SF exhibited significantly lower effective viscosities compared to noninflammatory OA and IA SF with typical tribological behavior. Collectively, these results suggest that different endotypes of arthritis exist with respect to lubrication, which may impact the effectiveness of HA viscosupplements in reducing friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Feeney
- Nancy and Peter Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall 152 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Devis Galesso
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, Abano Terme, Padua 35031, Italy
| | - Cynthia Secchieri
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A, Via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, Abano Terme, Padua 35031, Italy
| | - Francesca Oliviero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, Padua 35128, Italy
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Nancy and Peter Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall 152, 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853; Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall 149, 526 Campus Road, Ithaca, NY 14853
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19
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Watkins AR, Reesink HL. Lubricin in experimental and naturally occurring osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:1303-1315. [PMID: 32504786 PMCID: PMC8043104 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lubricin is increasingly being evaluated as an outcome measure in studies investigating post-traumatic and naturally occurring osteoarthritis. However, there are discrepancies in results, making it unclear as to whether lubricin is increased, decreased or unchanged in osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to review all papers that measured lubricin in joint injury or osteoarthritis in order to draw conclusions about lubricin regulation in joint disease. DESIGN A systematic search of the Pubmed, Web of Knowledge, and EBSCOhost databases for papers was performed. Inclusion criteria were in vivo studies that measured lubricin in humans or animals with joint injury, that investigated lubricin supplementation in osteoarthritic joints, or that described the phenotype of a lubricin knock-out model. A methodological assessment was performed. RESULTS Sixty-two studies were included, of which thirty-eight measured endogenous lubricin in joint injury or osteoarthritis. Nineteen papers found an increase or no change in lubricin and nineteen reported a decrease. Papers that reported a decrease in lubricin were cited four times more often than those that reported an increase. Fifteen papers described lubricin supplementation, and all reported a beneficial effect. Eleven papers described lubricin knock-out models. CONCLUSIONS The human literature reveals similar distributions of papers reporting increased lubricin as compared to decreased lubricin in osteoarthritis. The animal literature is dominated by reports of decreased lubricin in the rat anterior cruciate ligament transection model, whereas studies in large animal models report increased lubricin. Intra-articular lubricin supplementation may be beneficial regardless of whether lubricin increases or decreases in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Watkins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - H L Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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20
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Yang W, Podyma-Inoue KA, Yonemitsu I, Watari I, Ikeda Y, Guo X, Watabe T, Ono T. Mechanoresponsive and lubricating changes of mandibular condylar cartilage associated with mandibular lateral shift and recovery in the growing rat. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3547-3557. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Qadri M, Jay GD, Zhang LX, Richendrfer H, Schmidt TA, Elsaid KA. Proteoglycan-4 regulates fibroblast to myofibroblast transition and expression of fibrotic genes in the synovium. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:113. [PMID: 32404156 PMCID: PMC7222325 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synovial tissue fibrosis is common in advanced OA with features including the presence of stress fiber-positive myofibroblasts and deposition of cross-linked collagen type-I. Proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) is a mucinous glycoprotein secreted by synovial fibroblasts and is a major component of synovial fluid. PRG4 is a ligand of the CD44 receptor. Our objective was to examine the role of PRG4-CD44 interaction in regulating synovial tissue fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Methods OA synoviocytes were treated with TGF-β ± PRG4 for 24 h and α-SMA content was determined using immunofluorescence. Rhodamine-labeled rhPRG4 was incubated with OA synoviocytes ± anti-CD44 or isotype control antibodies and cellular uptake of rhPRG4 was determined following a 30-min incubation and α-SMA expression following a 24-h incubation. HEK-TGF-β cells were treated with TGF-β ± rhPRG4 and Smad3 phosphorylation was determined using immunofluorescence and TGF-β/Smad pathway activation was determined colorimetrically. We probed for stress fibers and focal adhesions (FAs) in TGF-β-treated murine fibroblasts and fibroblast migration was quantified ± rhPRG4. Synovial expression of fibrotic markers: α-SMA, collagen type-I, and PLOD2 in Prg4 gene-trap (Prg4GT) and recombined Prg4GTR animals were studied at 2 and 9 months of age. Synovial expression of α-SMA and PLOD2 was determined in 2-month-old Prg4GT/GT&Cd44−/− and Prg4GTR/GTR&Cd44−/− animals. Results PRG4 reduced α-SMA content in OA synoviocytes (p < 0.001). rhPRG4 was internalized by OA synoviocytes via CD44 and CD44 neutralization attenuated rhPRG4’s antifibrotic effect (p < 0.05). rhPRG4 reduced pSmad3 signal in HEK-TGF-β cells (p < 0.001) and TGF-β/Smad pathway activation (p < 0.001). rhPRG4 reduced the number of stress fiber-positive myofibroblasts, FAs mean size, and cell migration in TGF-β-treated NIH3T3 fibroblasts (p < 0.05). rhPRG4 inhibited fibroblast migration in a macrophage and fibroblast co-culture model without altering active or total TGF-β levels. Synovial tissues of 9-month-old Prg4GT/GT animals had higher α-SMA, collagen type-I, and PLOD2 (p < 0.001) content and Prg4 re-expression reduced these markers (p < 0.01). Prg4 re-expression also reduced α-SMA and PLOD2 staining in CD44-deficient mice. Conclusion PRG4 is an endogenous antifibrotic modulator in the joint and its effect on myofibroblast formation is partially mediated by CD44, but CD44 is not required to demonstrate an antifibrotic effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Qadri
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Sciences Campus, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 82826, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ling X Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Holly Richendrfer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Khaled A Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Sciences Campus, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
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22
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Nemirov D, Nakagawa Y, Sun Z, Lebaschi A, Wada S, Carballo C, Deng XH, Putnam D, Bonassar LJ, Rodeo SA. Effect of Lubricin Mimetics on the Inhibition of Osteoarthritis in a Rat Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection Model. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:624-634. [PMID: 32004084 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519898691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lubricin, a mucinous glycoprotein, plays a chondroprotective role as a constituent of synovial fluid. Structural analogs have been synthesized to mimic the structure and function of native lubricin in an effort to recapitulate this effect with the goal of delaying progression of osteoarthritis (OA). PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of intra-articular injections of lubricin mimetics in slowing or preventing the progression of posttraumatic OA by using a rat anterior cruciate ligament transection model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory design. METHODS Four lubricin mimetics were investigated, differing from one another in their binding orientations and steric interactions. Eighty skeletally mature Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral anterior cruciate ligament transections and were randomly allocated to receive intra-articular injections (50 µL/injection) of 1 of the 4 mimetics in the right knee and equal volumes of saline injection in the contralateral knee (control). All rats were euthanized 8 weeks postoperatively and assessed via biomechanical analysis, which evaluated comparative friction coefficients across the 4 groups, and histological evaluation of articular cartilage, osteophytes, and synovitis. The Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) histopathological assessment system was used to evaluate the degree of articular cartilage degeneration and osteophytes, while synovitis was assessed through a semiquantitative scoring system. Binding efficacy of the 4 mimetics was assessed in vitro and in vivo through the immunohistochemical localization of polyethylene glycol. Articular cartilage degeneration and synovitis scoring data analyses were performed with generalized estimating equation modeling. RESULTS Injection of the group 3 mimetic (random 24 + 400 + 30) directly correlated with improved OARSI scores for femoral articular cartilage degeneration when compared with saline-injected contralateral control knees (P = .0410). No lubricin mimetic group demonstrated statistically significant differences in OARSI scores for tibial articular cartilage degeneration. Injection of the group 4 mimetic (AB 24 + 400 + 30) led to a statistically significant difference in osteophyte OARSI score (P = .0019). None of the 4 lubricin mimetics injections incited an additive synovial inflammatory response. Immunohistochemical staining substantiated the binding capacity of all 4 mimetics, while in vivo experimentation revealed that the group 1 and 3 mimetics were still retained within the joint 4 weeks after injection. There were no differences in friction coefficients between any pair of groups and no significant trends based on lubricin mimetic structure. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that the tribosupplementation of a traumatically injured knee with a specific lubricin structural analog may attenuate the natural progression of OA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The current lack of efficacious clinical options to counter the onset and subsequent development of OA suggests that further investigation into the synthesis and behavior of lubricin analogs could yield novel translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nemirov
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yusuke Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhexun Sun
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Amir Lebaschi
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susumu Wada
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Camila Carballo
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiang-Hua Deng
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Putnam
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Scott A Rodeo
- Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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Abstract
Proteoglycan 4 (or lubricin), a mucin-like glycoprotein, was originally classified as a lubricating substance within diarthrodial joints. More recently, lubricin has been found in other tissues and has been implicated in 2 inflammatory pathways within the cell, via the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and CD44. Lubricin is an antagonist of TLR2 and TLR4, and appears to enter cells via the CD44 receptor. Because of lubricin's action on these receptors, downstream processes of inflammation are halted, thereby preventing release of cytokines (a hallmark of inflammation and sepsis) from the cell, indicating lubricin's role as a biomarker and possible therapeutic for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Richendrfer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Research Laboratory, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin Street, CORO West, Room 4.303, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Research Laboratory, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin Street, CORO West, Room 4.303, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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24
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Abubacker S, Premnath P, Shonak A, Leonard C, Shah S, Zhu Y, Jay GD, Schmidt TA, Boyd S, Krawetz R. Absence of Proteoglycan 4 (Prg4) Leads to Increased Subchondral Bone Porosity Which Can Be Mitigated Through Intra-Articular Injection of PRG4. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:2077-2088. [PMID: 31119776 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) is a mucin-like glycoprotein important for joint health. Mice lacking Prg4 demonstrate degeneration of the cartilage and altered skeletal morphology. The purpose of this study was to examine if Prg4 deficiency leads to subchondral bone defects and if these defects could be mitigated through intra-articular injection of recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4). Mice deficient in Prg4 expression demonstrated increased cartilage thickness and increased subchondral bone porosity compared with C57BL/6 controls. While the porosity of the subchondral bone of Prg4-/- mice decreased over time with maturation, intra-articular injection of rhPRG4 was able to forestall the increase in porosity. In contrast, neither hyaluronan (HA) nor methylprednisolone injections had beneficial effects on the subchondral bone porosity in the Prg4 knockout mice. Bone marrow progenitor cells from Prg4-/- mice demonstrated reduced osteogenic differentiation capacity at 4 weeks of age, but not at 16 weeks of age. While most studies on PRG4/lubricin focus on the health of the cartilage, this study demonstrates that PRG4 plays a role in the maturation of the subchondral bone. Furthermore, increasing joint lubrication/viscosupplementation through injection of HA or controlling joint inflammation through injection of methylprednisolone may help maintain the cartilage surface, but had no positive effect on the subchondral bone in animals lacking Prg4. Therefore, alterations in the subchondral bone in models with absent or diminished Prg4 expression should not be overlooked when investigating changes within the articular cartilage regarding the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis/arthrosis. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2077-2088, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Abubacker
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Priyatha Premnath
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anchita Shonak
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Leonard
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sophia Shah
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ying Zhu
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven Boyd
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roman Krawetz
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Departments of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Departments of Cell Biology & Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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25
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Matsuzaki T, Alvarez-Garcia O, Mokuda S, Nagira K, Olmer M, Gamini R, Miyata K, Akasaki Y, Su AI, Asahara H, Lotz MK. FoxO transcription factors modulate autophagy and proteoglycan 4 in cartilage homeostasis and osteoarthritis. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/428/eaan0746. [PMID: 29444976 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan0746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a main risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). FoxO transcription factors protect against cellular and organismal aging, and FoxO expression in cartilage is reduced with aging and in OA. To investigate the role of FoxO in cartilage, Col2Cre-FoxO1, 3, and 4 single knockout (KO) and triple KO mice (Col2Cre-TKO) were analyzed. Articular cartilage in Col2Cre-TKO and Col2Cre-FoxO1 KO mice was thicker than in control mice at 1 or 2 months of age. This was associated with increased proliferation of chondrocytes of Col2Cre-TKO mice in vivo and in vitro. OA-like changes developed in cartilage, synovium, and subchondral bone between 4 and 6 months of age in Col2Cre-TKO and Col2Cre-FoxO1 KO mice. Col2Cre-FoxO3 and FoxO4 KO mice showed no cartilage abnormalities until 18 months of age when Col2Cre-FoxO3 KO mice had more severe OA than control mice. Autophagy and antioxidant defense genes were reduced in Col2Cre-TKO mice. Deletion of FoxO1/3/4 in mature mice using Aggrecan(Acan)-CreERT2 (AcanCreERT-TKO) also led to spontaneous cartilage degradation and increased OA severity in a surgical model or treadmill running. The superficial zone of knee articular cartilage of Col2Cre-TKO and AcanCreERT-TKO mice exhibited reduced cell density and markedly decreased Prg4 In vitro, ectopic FoxO1 expression increased Prg4 and synergized with transforming growth factor-β stimulation. In OA chondrocytes, overexpression of FoxO1 reduced inflammatory mediators and cartilage-degrading enzymes, increased protective genes, and antagonized interleukin-1β effects. Our observations suggest that FoxO play a key role in postnatal cartilage development, maturation, and homeostasis and protect against OA-associated cartilage damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokio Matsuzaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Oscar Alvarez-Garcia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sho Mokuda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Keita Nagira
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ramya Gamini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kohei Miyata
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yukio Akasaki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew I Su
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martin K Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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26
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Mazor M, Best TM, Cesaro A, Lespessailles E, Toumi H. Osteoarthritis biomarker responses and cartilage adaptation to exercise: A review of animal and human models. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1072-1082. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas M. Best
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Health Sports Medicine Institute University of Miami Coral Gables Florida
| | | | - Eric Lespessailles
- University of Orléans Orléans France
- Service de Rhumatologie Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans La Source France
| | - Hechmi Toumi
- University of Orléans Orléans France
- Service de Rhumatologie Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans La Source France
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27
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Feeney E, Peal BT, Inglis JE, Su J, Nixon AJ, Bonassar LJ, Reesink HL. Temporal changes in synovial fluid composition and elastoviscous lubrication in the equine carpal fracture model. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1071-1079. [PMID: 30859611 PMCID: PMC6768400 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine temporal variations in synovial fluid composition and lubrication following articular fracture. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) was induced by creating an osteochondral fracture in the middle carpal joint of four horses while the contralateral limb served as a sham-operated control. Horses were exercised on a high-speed treadmill, and synovial fluid was collected pre-operatively and at serial timepoints until 75 days post-operatively. Lubricin and hyaluronic acid (HA) concentrations were measured using sandwich ELISAs, and the molecular weight distribution of HA was analyzed via gel electrophoresis. Synovial fluid viscosity and cartilage friction coefficients across all modes of lubrication were measured on days 0, 19, 33, and 61 using a commercial rheometer and a custom tribometer, respectively. HA concentrations were significantly decreased post-operatively, and high molecular weight HA (>6.1MDa) did not recover to pre-operative values by the study termination at day 75. Lubricin concentrations increased after surgery to a greater extent in the OA as compared to sham-operated limbs. Viscosity was significantly reduced after surgery. While boundary and elastoviscous mode friction coefficients did not vary, the transition number, representing the shift between these modes, was lower. Although more pronounced in the OA limbs, similar derangements in HA, HA molecular weight distribution, viscosity, and transition number were observed in the sham-operated limbs, which may be explained by synovial fluid washout during arthroscopy. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Feeney
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Bridgette T. Peal
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jacqueline E. Inglis
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Jin Su
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Alan J. Nixon
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Lawrence J. Bonassar
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Heidi L. Reesink
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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28
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Hurtig M, Zaghoul I, Sheardown H, Schmidt TA, Liu L, Zhang L, Elsaid KA, Jay GD. Two compartment pharmacokinetic model describes the intra-articular delivery and retention of rhprg4 following ACL transection in the Yucatan mini pig. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:386-396. [PMID: 30488470 PMCID: PMC7201402 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of the injured joint with rhPRG4 is based on recent observations that inflammation diminishes expression of native PRG4. Re-establishing lubrication between pressurized and sliding cartilage surfaces during locomotion promotes the nascent expression of PRG4 and thus intra-articular (IA) treatment strategies should be supported by pharmacokinetic evidence establishing the residence time of rhPRG4. A total of 21 Yucatan minipigs weighing ∼55 kg each received 4 mg of 131 I-rhPRG4 delivered by IA injection 5 days following surgical ACL transection. Animals were sequentially euthanized following IA rhPRG4 at 10 min (time zero), 24, 72 h, 6, 13 and 20 days later. The decay of the 131 I-rhPRG4 was measured relative to a non-injected aliquot and normalized to the weight of cartilage samples, menisci and synovium, and known cartilage volumes from each compartment surface obtained from representative Yucatan minipig knees. Decay of 131 I-rhPRG4 from joint tissues best fit a two-compartment model with an α half-life (t1/2α ) of 11.28 h and β half-life (t1/2β ) of 4.81 days. The tibial and femoral cartilage, meniscii, and synovium retained 7.7% of dose at 24 h. High concentrations of rhPRG4 were found in synovial fluid (SF) that was non-aspiratable and resided on the articular surfaces, removable by irrigation, at 10 min following 131 I-rhPRG4 injection. Synovial fluid K21 exceeded K12 and SF t1/2β was 28 days indicating SF is the reservoir for rhPRG4 following IA injection. Clinical Significance: rhPRG4 following IA delivery in a traumatized joint populates articular surfaces for a considerable period and may promote the native expression of PRG4. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:386-396, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hurtig
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iman Zaghoul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heather Sheardown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut,,Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 1 Hoppin Street, Coro West Suite 112, Providence, Rhode Island 02903
| | - Khaled A. Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 1 Hoppin Street, Coro West Suite 112, Providence, Rhode Island 02903,,Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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29
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Castrogiovanni P, Di Rosa M, Ravalli S, Castorina A, Guglielmino C, Imbesi R, Vecchio M, Drago F, Szychlinska MA, Musumeci G. Moderate Physical Activity as a Prevention Method for Knee Osteoarthritis and the Role of Synoviocytes as Biological Key. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030511. [PMID: 30691048 PMCID: PMC6387266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of moderate physical activity (MPA) on the expression of osteoarthritis (OA)-related (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-13) and anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective (IL-4, IL-10, lubricin) biomarkers in the synovium of an OA-induced rat model. A total of 32 rats were divided into four groups: Control rats (Group 1); rats performing MPA (Group 2); anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-rats with OA (Group 3); and, ACLT-rats performing MPA (Group 4). Analyses were performed using Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) staining, histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. In Group 3, OA biomarkers were significantly increased, whereas, IL-4, IL-10, and lubricin were significantly lower than in the other experimental groups. We hypothesize that MPA might partake in rescuing type B synoviocyte dysfunction at the early stages of OA, delaying the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Castrogiovanni
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Silvia Ravalli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Castorina
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Claudia Guglielmino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Rosa Imbesi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Michele Vecchio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 67, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 67, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n°87, 95124 Catania, Italy.
- School of the Sport of the Italian National Olympic Committee "CONI" Sicily, Via Emanuele Notarbartolo, 90141 Palermo, Italy.
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Hsieh YL, Yang CC. Early intervention of swimming exercises attenuate articular cartilage destruction in a rat model of anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus knee injuries. Life Sci 2018; 212:267-274. [PMID: 30304692 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscus injuries often cause post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis (PTOA), which can place great limitations on patients. But to date there is no effective therapy to delay the progression of cartilage destruction in PTOA. This study aimed to compare the effects of early versus delayed swimming exercise on the chondroprotective effects in a rat PTOA model with ACL and meniscus injuries. MAIN METHODS Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received unilateral ACL transection and medial meniscectomy (ACLMT). These were randomly allocated to four groups: early swimming (eSW), delayed swimming (dSW), sham-operated early swimming (sham-eSW) and sham-operated delayed swimming (sham-dSW). Swimming (30 min per session) continuing for 28 days was started three days and three months after ACLMT surgery as a protocol for eSW and dSW intervention. Cartilage quality was assessed by Mankin HHGS examination (H&E, Safranin-O stain) and collagen type II (CoII) and matrix metalloproteases-13 (MMP13) immunohistochemistry. KEY FINDINGS ACLMT induced the PTOA histopathological changes, inhibited CoII and enhanced MMP13 expressions in cartilage for both sham-eSW and sham-dSW groups. eSW intervention significantly enhanced CoII expression and suppressed MMP13 overexpression in superficial and transitional zones of cartilage, as well as better Mankin scores, corresponding to sham-swimming controls (P < 0.05). dSW intervention provided less enhancement of CoII expression and improvement of histopathological scoring, but significantly reduced MMP13 overexpression compared to animals in eSW (P < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Early intervention by swimming at very early stages of cartilage damage provides greater benefits than delayed intervention when PTOA has already developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Chia Yang
- Kao-An Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic, Taichung, Taiwan
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Galicia K, Thorson C, Banos A, Rondina M, Hopkinson W, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J. Inflammatory Biomarker Profiling in Total Joint Arthroplasty and Its Relevance to Circulating Levels of Lubricin, a Novel Proteoglycan. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018; 24:950-959. [PMID: 29683034 PMCID: PMC6714720 DOI: 10.1177/1076029618765090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lubricin, also known as proteoglycan 4, acts as an antiadhesive and boundary lubricant to prevent cartilage damage in healthy joints. Following injury, a decrease in synovial fluid (SF) lubricin may lead to secondary osteoarthritis (OA). Inflammatory biomarkers, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, are also implicated in the pathophysiology of OA. Interestingly, they have been shown to suppress the expression and secretion of lubricin in SF. This study aims to compare circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers and lubricin between total joint arthroplasty (TJA) patients and healthy individuals. Doing so may better elucidate their roles in OA and extend the understanding of inflammation as a regulator of lubricin. Deidentified plasma samples were obtained 1 day preoperatively and 1 day postoperatively from patients undergoing TJA. Utilizing biochip array technology, they were profiled for IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, VEGF, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, MCP-1, EGF, and TNF-α. Circulating lubricin levels were also measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Compared to healthy controls, IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, IL-1β, MCP-1, EGF, and TNF-α were significantly increased pre- and postoperatively. Lubricin was significantly decreased. This may indicate that elevations in inflammatory cytokines initiate a cascade of events, leading to decreased lubricin, which places the joint at increased risk of developing OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Galicia
- 1 Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Chase Thorson
- 1 Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Banos
- 2 Department of Orthopedics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Rondina
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - William Hopkinson
- 2 Department of Orthopedics, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | - Jawed Fareed
- 4 Department of Pathology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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BRD4 has dual effects on the HMGB1 and NF-κB signalling pathways and is a potential therapeutic target for osteoarthritis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:3001-3015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Larson KM, Zhang L, Badger GJ, Jay GD. Early genetic restoration of lubricin expression in transgenic mice mitigates chondrocyte peroxynitrite release and caspase-3 activation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1488-1495. [PMID: 28579418 PMCID: PMC5565702 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the ability of endogenous lubricin secretion to restore joint health following a brief <21 day, postnatal lubricin-null state, in a C57BL/6J Prg4 gene trap (GT) mouse under the control of cre-recombinase. Previously we showed that re-expression of lubricin at 21 days was partly restorative of joint lubrication. DESIGN The tibio-femoral joints of adult C57BL/6J mice containing lubricin, lacking lubricin, and postnatally lacking lubricin until restoration of lubricin expression at 7 days or 14 days of age were evaluated ex vivo. At 8-weeks of age, whole joint coefficient of friction (COF), and caspase-3 activation were measured and the tibial-femoral joints histologically analyzed for degenerative changes, following progressive cyclic loading. The peroxynitrite content of femoral head cartilage from these mice prior to cyclic loading was measured. RESULTS Mice that underwent gene recombination at 7 and 14 days of age did not reestablish low COF as joint cycling time increased and were histopathologically indistinguishable from the joints of lubricin-null littermates. However, cartilage from tibio-femoral joints that underwent recombination at 7 and 14 days of age had significantly fewer caspase-3 positive cells and significantly reduced peroxynitrite content compared to lubricin-null littermates. CONCLUSIONS The biological effects of lubricin, which include limiting inflammation via peroxynitrite production and caspase-3 activation, may be achieved without completely restituting low COF. However, fully recapitulating low COF may require undamaged cartilage surfaces or absence of biofouling, which may interfere with the activity of lubricin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Larson
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Emergency Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gary J. Badger
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Emergency Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Friction-Induced Mitochondrial Dysregulation Contributes to Joint Deterioration in Prg4 Knockout Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061252. [PMID: 28604608 PMCID: PMC5486075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of PRG4 (lubricin), the boundary lubricant in mammalian joints, contributes to increased joint friction accompanied by superficial and upper intermediate zone chondrocyte caspase-3 activation, as shown in lubricin-null (Prg4-/-) mice. Caspase-3 activity appears to be reversible upon the restitution of Prg4 either endogenously in vivo, in a gene trap mouse, or as an applied lubricant in vitro. In this study we show that intra-articular injection of human PRG4 in vivo in Prg4-/- mice prevented caspase-3 activation in superficial zone chondrocytes and was associated with a modest decrease in whole joint friction measured ex vivo using a joint pendulum method. Non-lubricated Prg4-/- mouse cartilage shows caspase cascade activation caused by mitochondrial dysregulation, and significantly higher levels of peroxynitrite (ONOO- and -OH) and superoxide (O-₂) compared to Prg4+/+ and Prg4+/- cartilage. Enzymatic activity levels of caspase 8 across Prg4 mutant mice were not significantly different, indicating no extrinsic apoptosis pathway activation. Western blots showed caspase-3 and 9 activation in Prg4-/- tissue extracts, and the appearance of nitrosylated Cys163 in the active cleft of caspase-3 which inhibits its enzymatic activity. These findings are relevant to patients at risk for arthrosis, from camptodactyl-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis (CACP) syndrome and transient lubricin insufficiency due to trauma and inflammation.
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35
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Waller KA, Chin KE, Jay GD, Zhang LX, Teeple E, McAllister S, Badger GJ, Schmidt TA, Fleming BC. Intra-articular Recombinant Human Proteoglycan 4 Mitigates Cartilage Damage After Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus in the Yucatan Minipig. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:1512-1521. [PMID: 28129516 PMCID: PMC5453820 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516686965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lubricin, or proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), is a glycoprotein responsible for joint boundary lubrication. PRG4 has been shown previously to be down-regulated after traumatic joint injury such as a meniscal tear. Preliminary evidence suggests that intra-articular injection of PRG4 after injury will reduce cartilage damage in rat models of surgically induced posttraumatic osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of intra-articular injection of full-length recombinant human lubricin (rhPRG4) for reducing cartilage damage after medial meniscal destabilization (DMM) in a preclinical large animal model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Unilateral DMM was performed in 29 Yucatan minipigs. One week after DMM, animals received 3 weekly intra-articular injections (3 mL per injection): (1) rhPRG4 (1.3 mg/mL; n = 10); (2) rhPRG4+hyaluronan (1.3 mg/mL rhPRG4 and 3 mg/mL hyaluronan [~950 kDA]; n = 10); and (3) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; n = 9). Hindlimbs were harvested 26 weeks after surgery. Cartilage integrity was evaluated by use of macroscopic (India ink) and microscopic (safranin O-fast green and hematoxylin and eosin) scoring systems. Secondary outcomes evaluated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) included PRG4 levels in synovial fluid, carboxy-terminal telepeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) concentrations in urine and serum, and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels in synovial fluid and serum. RESULTS The rhPRG4 group had significantly less macroscopic cartilage damage in the medial tibial plateau compared with the PBS group ( P = .002). No difference was found between the rhPRG4+hyaluronan and PBS groups ( P = .23). However, no differences in microscopic damage scores were observed between the 3 groups ( P = .70). PRG4 production was elevated in the rhPRG4 group synovial fluid compared with the PBS group ( P = .033). The rhPRG4 group presented significantly lower urinary CTX-II levels, but not serum levels, when compared with the PBS ( P = .013) and rhPRG4+hyaluronan ( P = .011) groups. In serum and synovial fluid, both rhPRG4 ( P = .006; P = .017) and rhPRG4+hyaluronan groups ( P = .009; P = .03) presented decreased IL-1β levels. CONCLUSION All groups exhibited significant cartilage degeneration after DMM surgery. However, animals treated with rhPRG4 had the least amount of cartilage damage and less inflammation, providing evidence that intra-articular injections of rhPRG4 may slow the progression of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Patients with meniscal trauma are at high risk for posttraumatic osteoarthritis. This study demonstrates that an intra-articular injection regimen of rhPRG4 may attenuate cartilage damage after meniscal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Waller
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Kaitlyn E. Chin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI,School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Ling X. Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Erin Teeple
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Scott McAllister
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Gary J. Badger
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Braden C. Fleming
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI,School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI
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36
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Alquraini A, Jamal M, Zhang L, Schmidt T, Jay GD, Elsaid KA. The autocrine role of proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) in modulating osteoarthritic synoviocyte proliferation and expression of matrix degrading enzymes. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:89. [PMID: 28482921 PMCID: PMC5423025 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lubricin/proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) is a mucinous glycoprotein secreted by synovial fibroblasts and superficial zone chondrocytes. Recently, we showed that recombinant human PRG4 (rhPRG4) is a putative ligand for CD44 receptor. rhPRG4-CD44 interaction inhibits cytokine-induced rheumatoid arthritis synoviocyte proliferation. The objective of this study is to decipher the autocrine function of PRG4 in regulating osteoarthritic synoviocyte proliferation and expression of catabolic and pro-inflammatory mediators under basal and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-stimulated conditions. METHODS Cytosolic and nuclear levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) p50 and p65 subunits in Prg4 +/+ and Prg4 -/- synoviocytes were studied using western blot. Nuclear translocation of p50 and p65 proteins in osteoarthritis (OA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in response to IL-1β stimulation in the absence or presence of rhPRG4 was studied using DNA binding assays. OA synoviocyte (5000 cells per well) proliferation following IL-1β (20 ng/ml) treatment in the absence or presence of rhPRG4 (50-200 μg/ml) over 48 hours was determined using a colorimetric assay. Gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitor of metallproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), TIMP-2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, cycloxygenae-2 (COX2) and PRG4 in unstimulated and IL-1β (1 ng/ml)-stimulated OA synoviocytes, in the presence or absence of rhPRG4 (100 and 200 μg/ml), was studied following incubation for 24 hours. RESULTS Prg4 -/- synoviocytes contained higher nuclear p50 and p65 levels compared to Prg4 +/+ synoviocytes (p < 0.05). rhPRG4 (100 μg/ml) reduced p50 and p65 nuclear levels in Prg4 +/+ and Prg4 -/- synoviocytes (p < 0.001). Similarly, rhPRG4 (200 μg/ml) inhibited NFκB translocation and cell proliferation in OA synoviocytes in a CD44-dependent manner (p < 0.001) via inhibition of IκBα phosphorylation. IL-1β reduced PRG4 expression in OA synoviocytes and rhPRG4 (100 μg/ml) treatment reversed this effect (p < 0.001). rhPRG4 (200 μg/ml) reduced basal gene expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, IL-6, IL-8, and PRG4 in OA synoviocytes, while increasing TIMP-2 and cycloxygenase-2 (COX2) expression (p < 0.001). rhPRG4 (200 μg/ml) reduced IL-1β induction of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, IL-6, IL-8, and COX2 expression in a CD44-dependent manner (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION PRG4 plays an important anti-inflammatory role in regulating OA synoviocyte proliferation and reduces basal and IL-1β-stimulated expression of catabolic mediators. Exogenous rhPRG4 autoregulates native PRG4 expression in OA synoviocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alquraini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, USA.,School of Pharmacy, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Jamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Tannin Schmidt
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Khaled A Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Sciences Campus, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
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Samaroo KJ, Tan M, Andresen Eguiluz RC, Gourdon D, Putnam D, Bonassar LJ. Tunable Lubricin-mimetics for Boundary Lubrication of Cartilage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotri.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Larson KM, Zhang L, Elsaid KA, Schmidt TA, Fleming BC, Badger GJ, Jay GD. Reduction of friction by recombinant human proteoglycan 4 in IL-1α stimulated bovine cartilage explants. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:580-589. [PMID: 27411036 PMCID: PMC5957283 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A boundary lubricant attaches and protects sliding bearing surfaces by preventing interlocking asperity-asperity contact. Proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) is a boundary lubricant found in the synovial fluid that provides chondroprotection to articular surfaces. Inflammation of the diarthrodial joint modulates local PRG4 concentration. Thus, we measured the effects of inflammation, with Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) incubation, upon boundary lubrication and PRG4 expression in bovine cartilage explants. We further aimed to determine whether the addition of exogenous human recombinant PRG4 (rhPRG4) could mitigate the effects of inflammation on boundary lubrication and PRG4 expression in vitro. Cartilage explants, following a 7 day incubation with IL-1α, were tested in a disc-on-disc configuration using either rhPRG4 or saline (PBS control) as a lubricant. Following mechanical testing, explants were studied immunohistochemically or underwent RNA extraction for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We found that static coefficient of friction (COF) significantly decreased to 0.14 ± 0.065 from 0.21 ± 0.059 (p = 0.014) in IL-1α stimulated explants lubricated with rhPRG4, as compared to PBS. PRG4 expression was significantly up regulated from 30.8 ± 19 copies in control explants lubricated with PBS to 3330 ± 1760 copies in control explants lubricated with rhPRG4 (p < 0.001). Explants stimulated with IL-1α displayed no increase in PRG4 expression upon lubrication with rhPRG4, but with PBS as the lubricant, IL-1α stimulation significantly increased PRG4 expression compared to the control condition from 30.8 ± 19 copies to 401 ± 340 copies (p = 0.015). Overall, these data suggest that exogenous rhPRG4 may provide a therapeutic option for reducing friction in transient inflammatory conditions and increasing PRG4 expression. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:580-589, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Larson
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ling Zhang
- Emergency Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Khaled A. Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Braden C. Fleming
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gary J. Badger
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Emergency Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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39
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Samaroo KJ, Tan M, Putnam D, Bonassar LJ. Binding and lubrication of biomimetic boundary lubricants on articular cartilage. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:548-557. [PMID: 27419808 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The glycoprotein, lubricin, is the primary boundary lubricant of articular cartilage and has been shown to prevent cartilage damage after joint injury. In this study, a library of eight bottle-brush copolymers were synthesized to mimic the structure and function of lubricin. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) grafted onto a polyacrylic acid (pAA) core mimicked the hydrophilic mucin-like domain of lubricin, and a thiol terminus anchored the polymers to cartilage surfaces much like lubricin's C-terminus. These copolymers, abbreviated as pAA-g-PEG, rapidly bound to cartilage surfaces with binding time constants ranging from 20 to 39 min, and affected lubrication under boundary mode conditions with coefficients of friction ranging from 0.140 ± 0.024 to 0.248 ± 0.030. Binding and lubrication were highly correlated (r2 = 0.89-0.99), showing that boundary lubrication in this case strongly depends on the binding of the lubricant to the surface. Along with time-dependent and dose-dependent behavior, lubrication and binding of the lubricin-mimetics also depended on copolymer structural parameters including pAA backbone length, PEG side chain length, and PEG:AA brush density. Polymers with larger backbone sizes, brush sizes, or brush densities took longer to bind (p < 0.05). Six of the eight polymers reduced friction relative to denuded cartilage plugs (p < 0.05), suggesting their potential to lubricate and protect cartilage in vivo. In copolymers with shorter pAA backbones, increasing hydrodynamic size inhibited lubrication (p < 0.08), while the opposite was observed in copolymers with longer backbones (p < 0.05). These polymers show similar in vitro lubricating efficacy as recombinant lubricins and as such have potential for in vivo treatment of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:548-557, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk J Samaroo
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Mingchee Tan
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 149 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York, 14853
| | - David Putnam
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 149 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York, 14853
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 149 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York, 14853
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40
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Barton KI, Shekarforoush M, Heard BJ, Sevick JL, Vakil P, Atarod M, Martin R, Achari Y, Hart DA, Frank CB, Shrive NG. Use of pre-clinical surgically induced models to understand biomechanical and biological consequences of PTOA development. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:454-465. [PMID: 27256202 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) development is often observed following traumatic knee injuries involving key stabilising structures such as the cruciate ligaments or the menisci. Both biomechanical and biological alterations that follow knee injuries have been implicated in PTOA development, although it has not been possible to differentiate clearly between the two causal factors. This review critically examines the outcomes from pre-clinical lapine and ovine injury models arising in the authors' laboratories and differing in severity of PTOA development and progression. Specifically, we focus on how varying severity of knee injuries influence the subsequent alterations in kinematics, kinetics, and biological outcomes. The immediate impact of injury on the lubrication capacity of the joint is examined in the context of its influence on biomechanical alterations, thus linking the biological changes to abnormal kinematics, leading to a focus on the potential areas for interventions to inhibit or prevent development of the disease. We believe that PTOA results from altered cartilage surface interactions where biological and biomechanical factors intersect, and mitigating acute joint inflammation may be critical to prolonging PTOA development. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:454-465, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen I Barton
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mehdi Shekarforoush
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bryan J Heard
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John L Sevick
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paria Vakil
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammad Atarod
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ryan Martin
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Section of Orthopaedics, University of Calgary, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yamini Achari
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David A Hart
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cyril B Frank
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nigel G Shrive
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Reesink H, Watts A, Mohammed H, Jay G, Nixon A. Lubricin/proteoglycan 4 increases in both experimental and naturally occurring equine osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:128-137. [PMID: 27498214 PMCID: PMC5489058 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goals of this study were (1) to quantify proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) gene expression; (2) to assess lubricin immunostaining; and (3) to measure synovial fluid lubricin concentrations in clinical and experimental models of equine carpal osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN Lubricin synovial fluid concentrations and cartilage and synovial membrane PRG4 expression were analyzed in research horses undergoing experimental OA induction (n = 8) and in equine clinical patients with carpal OA (n = 58). Lubricin concentrations were measured using a custom sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and PRG4 expression was quantified using qRT-PCR. Lubricin immunostaining was assessed in synovial membrane and osteochondral sections in the experimental model. RESULTS Lubricin concentrations increased in synovial fluid following induction of OA, peaking at 21 days post-operatively in OA joints vs sham-operated controls (331 ± 69 μg/mL vs 110 ± 19 μg/mL, P = 0.001). Lubricin concentrations also increased in horses with naturally occurring OA as compared to control joints (152 ± 32 μg/mL vs 68 ± 4 μg/mL, P = 0.003). Synovial membrane PRG4 expression increased nearly 2-fold in naturally occurring OA (P = 0.003), whereas cartilage PRG4 expression decreased 2.5-fold (P = 0.025). Lubricin immunostaining was more pronounced in synovial membrane from OA joints as compared to controls, with intense lubricin localization to sites of cartilage damage. CONCLUSIONS Although PRG4 gene expression decreases in OA cartilage, synovial membrane PRG4 expression, synovial fluid lubricin concentrations and lubricin immunostaining all increase in an equine OA model. Lubricin may be elevated to protect joints from post-traumatic OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.L. Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: H.L. Reesink, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Fax: 1-607-253-3787. (A.J. Nixon)
| | - A.E. Watts
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - H.O. Mohammed
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - G.D. Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA,Department of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 12903, USA
| | - A.J. Nixon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: A.J. Nixon, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Fax: 1-607-253-3787, (H.L. Reesink)
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42
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Reisig G, Kreinest M, Richter W, Wagner-Ecker M, Dinter D, Attenberger U, Schneider-Wald B, Fickert S, Schwarz ML. Osteoarthritis in the Knee Joints of Göttingen Minipigs after Resection of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament? Missing Correlation of MRI, Gene and Protein Expression with Histological Scoring. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165897. [PMID: 27820852 PMCID: PMC5098790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Göttingen Minipig (GM) is used as large animal model in articular cartilage research. The aim of the study was to introduce osteoarthritis (OA) in the GM by resecting the anterior cruciate ligament (ACLR) according to Pond and Nuki, verified by histological and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring as well as analysis of gene and protein expression. Materials and Methods The eight included skeletally mature female GM were assessed after ACLR in the left and a sham operation in the right knee, which served as control. 26 weeks after surgery the knee joints were scanned using a 3-Tesla high-field MR tomography unit with a 3 T CP Large Flex Coil. Standard proton-density weighted fat saturated sequences in coronal and sagittal direction with a slice thickness of 3 mm were used. The MRI scans were assessed by two radiologists according to a modified WORMS-score, the X-rays of the knee joints by two evaluators. Osteochondral plugs with a diameter of 4mm were taken for histological examination from either the main loading zone or the macroscopic most degenerated parts of the tibia plateau or condyle respectively. The histological sections were blinded and scored by three experts according to Little et al. Gene expression analysis was performed from surrounding cartilage. Expression of adamts4, adamts5, acan, col1A1, col2, il-1ß, mmp1, mmp3, mmp13, vegf was determined by qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemical staining (IH) of Col I and II was performed. IH was scored using a 4 point grading (0—no staining; 3-intense staining). Results and Discussion Similar signs of OA were evident both in ACLR and sham operated knee joints with the histological scoring result of the ACLR joints with 6.48 ± 5.67 points and the sham joints with 6.86 ± 5.84 points (p = 0.7953) The MRI scoring yielded 0.34 ± 0.89 points for the ACLR and 0.03 ± 0.17 for the sham knee joints. There was no correlation between the histological and MRI scores (r = 0.10021). The gene expression profiles as well as the immunohistochemical findings showed no significant differences between ACLR and sham knee joints. In conclusion, both knee joints showed histological signs of OA after 26 weeks irrespective of whether the ACL was resected or not. As MRI results did not match the histological findings, MRI was obviously unsuitable to diagnose the OA in GM. The analysis of the expression patterns of the 10 genes could not shed light on the question, whether sham operation also induced cartilage erosion or if the degeneration was spontaneous. The modified Pond-Nuki model may be used with reservation in the adult minipig to induce an isolated osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Reisig
- Department for experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Centre (OUZ), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Kreinest
- Department for experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Centre (OUZ), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mechthild Wagner-Ecker
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Dinter
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Schneider-Wald
- Department for experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Centre (OUZ), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Fickert
- Department for experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Centre (OUZ), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus L. Schwarz
- Department for experimental Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Centre (OUZ), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
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43
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Mumme M, Steinitz A, Nuss KM, Klein K, Feliciano S, Kronen P, Jakob M, von Rechenberg B, Martin I, Barbero A, Pelttari K. Regenerative Potential of Tissue-Engineered Nasal Chondrocytes in Goat Articular Cartilage Defects. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:1286-1295. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Mumme
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic for Traumatologic Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amir Steinitz
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinic for Traumatologic Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katja M. Nuss
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Karina Klein
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Feliciano
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kronen
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Veterinary Anaesthesia Services–International (VAS), Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Jakob
- Clinic for Traumatologic Surgery, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte von Rechenberg
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Equine Department, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karoliina Pelttari
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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44
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Teeple E, Karamchedu NP, Larson KM, Zhang L, Badger GJ, Fleming BC, Jay GD. Arthroscopic irrigation of the bovine stifle joint increases cartilage surface friction and decreases superficial zone lubricin. J Biomech 2016; 49:3106-3110. [PMID: 27511596 PMCID: PMC5056145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of arthroscopic irrigation on cartilage superficial zone lubricin and surface friction. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy is one of the most commonly performed orthopedic surgeries in the United States, but rates of osteoarthritis progression following this procedure are high. The effect of arthroscopic irrigation on articular surface lubrication has not been previously considered as a contributing factor in outcomes after arthroscopy. Fourteen bovine stifle joints were randomized to receive arthroscopic irrigation (n=7) or no treatment (n=7). Full-thickness osteochondral explants from these joints underwent friction testing to measure static and dynamic coefficients of friction. Following mechanical testing, samples were fixed and stained for lubricin. Percent integrated density, a measure of the amount of lubricin in the superficial zone (0-100µm depth), was determined. Static and dynamic coefficients of friction were found to be significantly greater in arthroscopy specimens compared to controls (p=0.02 and p<0.001, respectively). Percent integrated density of lubricin in the superficial zone was significantly lower in arthroscopy specimens compared to controls (p<0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Teeple
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women׳s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naga Padmini Karamchedu
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gary J Badger
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Braden C Fleming
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gregory D Jay
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA.
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Elsaid KA, Ubhe A, Shaman Z, D'Souza G. Intra-articular interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1-ra) microspheres for posttraumatic osteoarthritis: in vitro biological activity and in vivo disease modifying effect. J Exp Orthop 2016; 3:18. [PMID: 27539076 PMCID: PMC4990523 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-016-0054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 ra) can be disease-modifying in posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). One limitation is its short joint residence time. We hypothesized that IL-1 ra encapsulation in poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres reduces IL-1 ra systemic absorption and provides an enhanced anti-PTOA effect. Methods IL-1 ra release kinetics and biological activity: IL-1 ra encapsulation into PLGA microsphere was performed using double emulsion solvent extraction. Lyophilized PLGA IL-1 ra microspheres were resuspended in PBS and supernatant IL-1 ra concentrations were assayed. The biological activity of IL-1 ra from PLGA IL-1 ra microspheres was performed using IL-1 induced lymphocyte proliferation and bovine articular cartilage degradation assays. Systemic absorption of IL-1 ra following intra-articular (IA) injection of PLGA IL-1 ra or IL-1 ra: At 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h following injection of 50 μl PLGA IL-1 ra (n = 6) or IL-1 ra (n = 6), serum samples were collected and IL-1 ra concentrations were determined. Anterior cruciate ligamenttransection (ACLT) and IA dosing: ACLT was performed in 8–10 week old male Lewis rats (n = 42). PBS (50 μl; n = 9), IL-1 ra (50 μl; 5 mg/ml; n = 13), PLGA IL-1 ra (50 μl; equivalent to 5 mg/ml IL-1 ra; n = 14) or PLGA particles (50 μl; n = 6) treatments were performed on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 following ACLT. Cartilage and synovial histopathology: On day 35, animal ACLT joints were harvested and tibial cartilage and synovial histopathology scoring was performed. Results Percent IL-1 ra content in the supernatant at 6 h was 13.44 ± 9.27 % compared to 34.16 ± 12.04 %, 47.89 ± 12.71 %, 57.14 ± 11.71 %, and 93.90 ± 8.50 % at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. PLGA IL-1 ra inhibited lymphocyte proliferation and cartilage degradation similar to IL-1 ra. Serum IL-1 ra levels were significantly lower at 1, 3, and 6 h following PLGA IL-1 ra injection compared to IL-1 ra. Cartilage and synovial histopathology scores were significantly lower in the PLGA IL-1 ra group compared to PBS and PLGA groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions IL-1 ra encapsulation in PLGA microspheres is feasible with no alteration to IL-1 ra biological activity. PLGA IL-1 ra exhibited an enhanced disease-modifying effect in a PTOA model compared to similarly dosed IL-1 ra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Elsaid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy-Boston, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
| | - Anand Ubhe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy-Boston, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziyad Shaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy-Boston, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerard D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy-Boston, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, USA
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Roman-Blas JA, Bizzi E, Largo R, Migliore A, Herrero-Beaumont G. An update on the up and coming therapies to treat osteoarthritis, a multifaceted disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17:1745-56. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2016.1201070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Roman-Blas
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emanuele Bizzi
- UOS of Rheumatology, S. Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Migliore
- UOS of Rheumatology, S. Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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47
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The effect of vigorous running and cycling on serum COMP, lubricin, and femoral cartilage thickness: a pilot study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1467-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Szychlinska MA, Leonardi R, Al-Qahtani M, Mobasheri A, Musumeci G. Altered joint tribology in osteoarthritis: Reduced lubricin synthesis due to the inflammatory process. New horizons for therapeutic approaches. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2016; 59:149-156. [PMID: 27118399 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease. This review aimed to consolidate the current evidence that implicates the inflammatory process in the attenuation of synovial lubrication and joint tissue homeostasis in OA. Moreover, with these findings, we propose some evidence for novel therapeutic strategies for preventing and/or treating this complex disorder. The studies reviewed support that inflammatory mediators participate in the onset and progression of OA after joint injury. The flow of pro-inflammatory cytokines following an acute injury seems to be directly associated with altered lubricating ability in the joint tissue. The latter is associated with reduced level of lubricin, one of the major joint lubricants. Future research should focus on the development of new therapies that attenuate the inflammatory process and restore lubricin synthesis and function. This approach could support joint tribology and synovial lubrication leading to improved joint function and pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Szychlinska
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R Leonardi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Section of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - M Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Mobasheri
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR), King Fahd Medical Research Center (KFMRC), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; The D-BOARD European Consortium for Biomarker Discovery, The APPROACH Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Consortium, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Duke of Kent Building, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Medical Research Council and Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - G Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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49
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Karamchedu NP, Tofte JN, Waller KA, Zhang LX, Patel TK, Jay GD. Superficial zone cellularity is deficient in mice lacking lubricin: a stereoscopic analysis. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:64. [PMID: 26975998 PMCID: PMC5477516 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lubricin, a mucinous glycoprotein secreted by synoviocytes and chondrocytes plays an important role in reducing the coefficient of friction in mammalian joints. Elevated cartilage surface friction is thought to cause chondrocyte loss; however, its quantification and methodological approaches have not been reported. We adapted a stereological method and incorporated vital cell staining to assess cellular loss in superficial and upper intermediate zones in lubricin deficient mouse cartilage. Methods The femoral condyle cartilage of the intact knees from lubricin wild type (Prg4+/+), heterozygote (Prg4+/-), and knockout (Prg4-/-) mice was imaged using fluorescein diacetate (FDA), propidium iodide (PI), and Hoechst staining, and confocal microscopy. Three dimensional reconstructions of confocal images to a depth of 14 μm were analyzed using Matlab to determine the volume fraction occupied by chondrocytes in cartilage of both medial and lateral femoral condyles. Living chondrocyte volume fraction was defined as FDA stained chondrocyte volume/total volume of superficial + upper intermediate zone. Living and dead (total) chondrocyte volume fraction was defined as FDA + PI stained chondrocyte volume/total volume of superficial + upper intermediate zone. MicroCT provided an orthogonal measure of cartilage thickness. Immunohistology for activated caspase-3 and TUNEL staining were performed to evaluate the presence of apoptotic chondrocytes in Prg4 mutant mice. Results Living chondrocyte volume fraction of the medial femoral condyle was significantly lower in Prg4-/- mice compared to Prg4+/+ (p = 0.002) and Prg4+/- (p = 0.002) littermates. There was no significant difference in medial condyle chondrocyte volume fraction between Prg4+/+ and Prg4+/- mice (p = 0.82). No significant differences were observed for the chondrocyte volume fraction for the lateral condyle (p > 0.26). Cartilage thickness increased in the medial condyle for Prg4-/- mice compared to Prg4+/+ (p = 0.02) and Prg4+/- (p = 0.03) littermates, and the lateral condyle for Prg4-/- mice compared to Prg4+/+ (p < 0.0001) and Prg4+/- (p < 0.0001) littermates, indicating that a multi-dimensional increase in cartilage volume did not artifactually lower the chondrocyte volume fraction in the medial condyle. Significantly higher number of caspase-3 positive cells were observed in the superficial and upper intermediate zone cartilage of the medial femoral condyle of Prg4-/- mice compared to Prg4+/+ (p = 0.01) and Prg4+/- (p = 0.04) littermates, and the lateral femoral condyle of Prg4-/- mice compared to Prg4+/+ (p = 0.02) and Prg4+/- (p = 0.02) littermates. There were no significant differences in TUNEL staining among different Prg4 genotypes in both condyles (p > 0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusions Increased Caspase-3 activation is observed in Prg4 deficient mice compared to Prg4 sufficient littermates. Absence of Prg4 induces loss of chondrocytes in the superficial and upper intermediate zone of mouse cartilage that is quantifiable by a novel image processing technique. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-0967-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Padmini Karamchedu
- Department of Orthopedics, Rhode Island Hospital; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Josef N Tofte
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kimberly A Waller
- Department of Orthopedics, Rhode Island Hospital; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ling X Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Tarpit K Patel
- Department of Orthopedics, Rhode Island Hospital; Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, 02903, USA. .,Department of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Co-Expression and Co-Localization of Cartilage Glycoproteins CHI3L1 and Lubricin in Osteoarthritic Cartilage: Morphological, Immunohistochemical and Gene Expression Profiles. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:359. [PMID: 26978347 PMCID: PMC4813220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common human arthritis characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage. Several studies reported that levels of human cartilage glycoprotein chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1) are known as a potential marker for the activation of chondrocytes and the progression of Osteoarthritis (OA), whereas lubricin appears to be chondroprotective. The aim of this study was to investigate the co-expression and co-localization of CHI3L1 and lubricin in normal and osteoarthritic rat articular cartilage to correlate their modified expression to a specific grade of OA. Samples of normal and osteoarthritic rat articular cartilage were analyzed by the Kellgren–Lawrence OA severity scores, the Kraus’ modified Mankin score and the Histopathology Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) system for histomorphometric evaluations, and through CHI3L1 and lubricin gene expression, immunohistochemistry and double immuno-staining analysis. The immunoexpression and the mRNA levels of lubricin increased in normal cartilage and decreased in OA cartilage (normal vs. OA, p < 0.01). By contrast, the immunoexpression and the mRNA levels of CHI3L1 increased in OA cartilage and decreased in normal cartilage (normal vs. OA, p < 0.01). Our findings are consistent with reports suggesting that these two glycoproteins are functionally associated with the development of OA and in particular with grade 2/3 of OA, suggesting that in the future they could be helpful to stage the severity and progression of the disease.
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