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Ripmeester EGJ, Steijns JSJJ, Wijnands KAP, Stassen RHMJ, Pitelka V, Peeters LCW, Cremers A, Astryde NMSA, Chabronova A, Surtel DAM, Emans PJ, van den Akker GGH, van Rietbergen B, van Rhijn LW, Caron MMJ, Welting TJM. The BMP7-Derived Peptide p[63-82] Reduces Cartilage Degeneration in the Rat ACLT-pMMx Model for Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis. Cartilage 2024:19476035241233659. [PMID: 38501739 DOI: 10.1177/19476035241233659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by articular cartilage erosion, pathological subchondral bone changes, and signs of synovial inflammation and pain. We previously identified p[63-82], a bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7)-derived bioactive peptide that attenuates structural cartilage degeneration in the rat medial meniscal tear-model for posttraumatic OA. This study aimed to evaluate the cartilage erosion-attenuating activity of p[63-82] in a different preclinical model for OA (anterior cruciate ligament transection-partial medial meniscectomy [anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-pMMx]). The disease-modifying action of the p[63-82] was followed-up in this model for 5 and 10 weeks. DESIGN Skeletally mature male Lewis rats underwent ACLT-pMMx surgery. Rats received weekly intra-articular injections with either saline or 500 ng p[63-82]. Five and 10 weeks postsurgery, rats were sacrificed, and subchondral bone characteristics were determined using microcomputed tomography (µCT). Histopathological evaluation of cartilage degradation and Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI)-scoring was performed following Safranin-O/Fast Green staining. Pain-related behavior was measured by incapacitance testing and footprint analysis. RESULTS Histopathological evaluation at 5 and 10 weeks postsurgery showed reduced cartilage degeneration and a significantly reduced OARSI score, whereas no significant changes in subchondral bone characteristics were found in the p[63-82]-treated rats compared to the saline-treated rats. ACLT-pMMx-induced imbalance of static weightbearing capacity in the p[63-82] group was significantly improved compared to the saline-treated rats at weeks 5 postsurgery. Footprint analysis scores in the p[63-82]-treated rats demonstrated improvement at week 10 postsurgery. CONCLUSIONS Weekly intra-articular injections of p[63-82] in the rat ACLT-pMMx posttraumatic OA model resulted in reduced degenerative cartilage changes and induced functional improvement in static weightbearing capacity during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen G J Ripmeester
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica S J J Steijns
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karolina A P Wijnands
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick H M J Stassen
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vasek Pitelka
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Laura C W Peeters
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andy Cremers
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nzekui M S A Astryde
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alzbeta Chabronova
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Don A M Surtel
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J Emans
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Guus G H van den Akker
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van Rietbergen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk W van Rhijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein M J Caron
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim J M Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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2
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Comprehensive dynamic and kinematic analysis of the rodent hindlimb during over ground walking. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19725. [PMID: 36385108 PMCID: PMC9668918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat hindlimb is a frequently utilized pre-clinical model system to evaluate injuries and pathologies impacting the hindlimbs. These studies have demonstrated the translational potential of this model but have typically focused on the force generating capacity of target muscles as the primary evaluative outcome. Historically, human studies investigating extremity injuries and pathologies have utilized biomechanical analysis to better understand the impact of injury and extent of recovery. In this study, we expand that full biomechanical workup to a rat model in order to characterize the spatiotemporal parameters, ground reaction forces, 3-D joint kinematics, 3-D joint kinetics, and energetics of gait in healthy rats. We report data on each of these metrics that meets or exceeds the standards set by the current literature and are the first to report on all these metrics in a single set of animals. The methodology and findings presented in this study have significant implications for the development and clinical application of the improved regenerative therapeutics and rehabilitative therapies required for durable and complete functional recovery from extremity traumas, as well as other musculoskeletal pathologies.
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3
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Aso K, Walsh DA, Wada H, Izumi M, Tomitori H, Fujii K, Ikeuchi M. Time course and localization of nerve growth factor expression and sensory nerve growth during progression of knee osteoarthritis in rats. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:1344-1355. [PMID: 35843479 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nerve growth factor (NGF) and sensory nerves are key factors in established osteoarthritis (OA) knee pain. We investigated the time course of NGF expression and sensory nerve growth across early and late stages of OA progression in rat knees. DESIGN Knee OA was induced by medial meniscectomy in rats. OA histopathology, NGF expression, and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive (CGRP-IR) nerves were quantified pre-surgery and post-surgery at weeks 1, 2, 4 and 6. Pain-related behavior was evaluated using dynamic weight distribution and mechanical sensitivity of the hind paw. RESULTS NGF expression in chondrocytes increased from week 1 and remained elevated until the advanced stage. In synovium, NGF expression increased only in early stages, whereas in osteochondral channels and bone marrow, NGF expression increased in the later stages of OA progression. CGRP-IR nerve density in suprapatellar pouch peaked at week 4 and decreased at week 6, whereas in osteochondral channels and bone marrow, CGRP-IR innervation increased through week 6. Percent ipsilateral weight-bearing decreased throughout the OA time course, whereas reduced paw withdrawal thresholds were observed only in later stages. CONCLUSION During progression of knee OA, time-dependent alterations of NGF expression and CGRP-IR sensory innervation are knee tissue specific. NGF expression increased in early stages and decreased in advanced stage in the synovium but continued to increase in osteochondral channels and bone marrow. Increases in CGRP- IR sensory innervation followed increases in NGF expression, implicating that NGF is a key driver of articular nerve growth associated with OA pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aso
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 185-1 Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan.
| | - D A Walsh
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis & NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - H Wada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 185-1 Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan
| | - M Izumi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 185-1 Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan
| | - H Tomitori
- Pfizer Japan Inc., 7-22-3 Yoyogi Shibuya-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Fujii
- Pfizer Japan Inc., 7-22-3 Yoyogi Shibuya-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Ikeuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, 185-1 Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan
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4
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Wang Y, Wagner ES, Yu D, Chen KJ, Keel TJ, Pownder SL, Koff MF, Cheetham J, Samaroo KJ, Reesink HL. Assessment of osteoarthritis functional outcomes and intra-articular injection volume in the rat anterior cruciate ligament transection model. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2004-2014. [PMID: 34994469 PMCID: PMC9259760 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The rat surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model is commonly used to investigate intra-articular osteoarthritis (OA) therapies, and histological assessment is often the primary outcome measure. However, histological changes do not always correlate well with clinical outcomes. Therefore, this study evaluated functional outcomes in the rat surgical ACLT model and compared intra-articular injection volumes ranging from 20 to 50 μl. Unilateral ACLT was surgically induced and static weight-bearing, mechanical allodynia, motor function, and gait were assessed in four groups of male, Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6 per group). Intra-articular injections of 20 µl Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS), 50 µl DPBS, or 50 µl of synthetic biomimetic boundary lubricant were administered once weekly for 3 weeks postoperatively. Structural changes were evaluated histologically at 20 weeks. Rat cadaver knees were injected with 20, 30, 40, or 50 µl of gadolinium solutions and were imaged using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Static weight-bearing, mechanical allodynia, and gait parameters in ACLT groups revealed differences from baseline and naïve controls for 4 weeks post-ACLT; however, these differences did not persist beyond 6 weeks. Different intra-articular DPBS injection volumes did not result in functional or histological changes; however, peri-articular leakage was documented via MRI following 50, 40, and 30 µl but not 20 µl gadolinium injections. Statement of clinical significance: Differences in functional parameters were predominantly restricted to early, postoperative changes in the rat surgical ACLT model despite evidence of moderate histologic OA at 20 weeks. Injection volumes of 20-30 µl are more appropriate for investigating intra-articular therapies in the rat knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Emma S. Wagner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Danqiao Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Kevin J. Chen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Taidhgin J. Keel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Sarah L. Pownder
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Matthew F. Koff
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan Cheetham
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | - Heidi L. Reesink
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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5
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Chen D, Zhang Y, Lin Q, Chen D, Li X, Dai J, Sun Y. The effect of cartilage decellularized extracellular matrix-chitosan compound on treating knee osteoarthritis in rats. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12188. [PMID: 34721961 PMCID: PMC8519179 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) refers to a common disease in orthopaedics, whereas effective treatments have been rarely developed. As indicated from existing studies, chondrocyte death, extracellular matrix degradation and subchondral bone injury are recognized as the pathological basis of KOA. The present study aimed to determine the therapeutic effect of decellularized extracellular matrix-chitosan (dECM-CS) compound on KOA. In this study, rat knee cartilage was decellularized, and a satisfactory decellularized extracellular matrix was developed. As suggested from the in vitro experiments, the rat chondrocytes co-cultured with allogeneic dECM grew effectively. According to the results of the alamar blue detection, dECM did not adversely affect the viability of rat chondrocytes, and dECM could up-regulate the genes related to the cartilage synthesis and metabolism. As reported from the animal experiments, dECM-CS compound could protect cartilage, alleviate knee joint pain in rats, significantly delay the progress of KOA in rats, and achieve high drug safety. In brief, dECM-CS compound shows a good therapeutic effect on KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qun Lin
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Duoyun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jihang Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Ueki H, Katagiri H, Tsuji K, Miyatake K, Watanabe T, Sekiya I, Muneta T, Koga H. Effect of transplanted mesenchymal stem cell number on the prevention of cartilage degeneration and pain reduction in a posttraumatic osteoarthritis rat model. J Orthop Sci 2021; 26:690-697. [PMID: 32859470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation therapy is considered an alternative therapy to prevent posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). However, consensus as to the sufficient number of MSCs for the prevention of PTOA is lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the sufficient number of MSCs to achieve PTOA prevention and the reduction in pain after anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). METHODS Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were used. ACLT was conducted in the knee joint as a PTOA model. According to the species-specific knee joint volume, 104 MSCs in rats are equivalent to 3 × 107 MSCs in humans, which was clinically prepared. MSCs (104, 105, or 106 cells) or phosphate-buffered saline were injected into the knee joint at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after ACLT. Histological examinations were performed at 12 weeks after ACLT. The weight-bearing distribution improvement ratio was calculated as an assessment of pain until 12 weeks after ACLT. RESULTS Histological evaluations showed that all the MSCs groups except for 104 MSCs group in femur were significantly improved compared to the control group at 12 weeks after ACLT. The weight-bearing distribution in the 104 and 105 MSCs groups at 12 weeks after ACLT and in the 106 MSCs group at 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after ACLT were significantly higher than those of the control group. CONCLUSION A clinically feasible number of MSCs was found to reduce the articular cartilage degeneration and to decrease pain in the PTOA model. Increasing numbers of the cells further protected the articular cartilage against degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ueki
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hiroki Katagiri
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Kunikazu Tsuji
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Miyatake
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takeshi Muneta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
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7
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Xue Y, Dai S, Liang J, Ji W. Effect of reactive oxygen species of the psoas major muscle in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain in rats. Mol Pain 2021; 16:1744806920929246. [PMID: 32552357 PMCID: PMC7303503 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920929246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower limb pain is a common clinical disease that affects millions of
people worldwide. It is found in previous studies that reactive oxygen
species is closely related to neuropathic, cancer, chemotherapy, and
inflammatory pain, which can be relieved by reactive oxygen species
scavengers. Furthermore, acupuncture or electroacupuncture on the
psoas major muscle has a great effect on adjuvant-induced arthritis
and lower back pain. In our study, we investigated the function of
reactive oxygen species scavengers locally injecting into the
ipsilateral psoas major muscle on complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced
inflammatory pain. Our results demonstrated that in the development of
complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain, early local
continuous application of N-tert-Butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN, 1 and
5 mg/kg/0.2 ml) on the ipsilateral psoas major muscle effectively
reduced mechanical and cold hyperalgesia. However, intraperitoneal
injection of PBN (1 and 5 mg/kg) or local injection of PBN (1 and
5 mg/kg/0.2 ml) into contralateral psoas major muscle, ipsilateral
quadratus lumborum, and ipsilateral erector spinae showed limited
effect. In the developed inflammatory pain model, local injection of
PBN into the ipsilateral psoas major muscle also alleviated pain and
paw edema. In addition, reactive oxygen species level increased in
ipsilateral psoas major muscle at seven days after complete Freund’s
adjuvant injection. In general, PBN reduces complete Freund’s
adjuvant-evoked inflammatory pain by inhibiting reactive oxygen
species in the psoas major muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xue
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Institute of Cardiovascular, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sailin Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiexian Liang
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Institute of Cardiovascular, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjin Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Motherwell JM, Hendershot BD, Goldman SM, Dearth CL. Gait biomechanics: A clinically relevant outcome measure for preclinical research of musculoskeletal trauma. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:1139-1151. [PMID: 33458856 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic injuries to the musculoskeletal system are the most prevalent of those suffered by United States Military Service members and accounts for two-thirds of initial hospital costs to the Department of Defense. These combat-related wounds often leave survivors with life-long disability and represent a significant impediment to the readiness of the fighting force. There are immense opportunities for the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TE/RM) to address these musculoskeletal injuries through regeneration of damaged tissues as a means to restore limb functionality and improve quality of life for affected individuals. Indeed, investigators have made promising advancements in the treatment for these injuries by utilizing small and large preclinical animal models to validate therapeutic efficacy of next-generation TE/RM-based technologies. Importantly, utilization of a comprehensive suite of functional outcome measures, particularly those designed to mimic data collected within the clinical setting, is critical for successful translation and implementation of these therapeutics. To that end, the objective of this review is to emphasize the clinical relevance and application of gait biomechanics as a functional outcome measure for preclinical research studies evaluating the efficacy of TE/RM therapies to treat traumatic musculoskeletal injuries. Specifically, common musculoskeletal injuries sustained by service members-including volumetric muscle loss, post-traumatic osteoarthritis, and composite tissue injuries-are examined as case examples to highlight the use of gait biomechanics as an outcome measure using small and large preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Motherwell
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brad D Hendershot
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen M Goldman
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher L Dearth
- DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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9
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Wang W, Zhu Y, Sun Z, Jin C, Wang X. Positive feedback regulation between USP15 and ERK2 inhibits osteoarthritis progression through TGF-β/SMAD2 signaling. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:84. [PMID: 33726807 PMCID: PMC7962367 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis in joints affected by osteoarthritis (OA). However, the specific mechanism of non-SMAD and classical SMAD signaling interactions is still unclear, which needs to be further explored. Methods In ATDC5 cells, USP15 overexpression and knockout were performed using the transfected lentivirus USP15 and Crispr/Cas9. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to test p-SMAD2 and cartilage phenotype-related molecular markers. In rat OA models, immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin and eosin (HE)/Safranin-O fast green staining, and histology were used to examine the regulatory activity of USP15 in TGF-β/SMAD2 signaling and the cartilage phenotype. Then, ERK2 overexpression and knockout were performed. The expressions of USP15, p-SMAD2, and the cartilage phenotype were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. To address whether USP15 is required for ERK2 and TGF-β/SMAD2 signaling, we performed rescue experiments in vitro and in vivo. Immunoprecipitation and deubiquitination assays were used to examine whether USP15 could bind to ERK2 and affect the deubiquitination of ERK2. Finally, whether USP15 regulates the level of p-ERK1/2 was evaluated by western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and immunohistochemistry in vitro and in vivo. Results Our results indicated that USP15 stimulated TGF-β/SMAD2 signaling and the cartilage phenotype. Moreover, ERK2 required USP15 to influence TGF-β/SMAD2 signaling for regulating the cartilage phenotype in vivo and in vitro. And USP15 can form a complex with ERK2 to regulate ubiquitination of ERK2. Interestingly, USP15 did not regulate the stability of ERK2 but increased the level of p-ERK1/2 to further enhance the TGF-β/SMAD2 signaling pathway. Conclusions Taken together, our study revealed positive feedback regulation between USP15 and ERK2, which played a critical role in TGF-β/SMAD2 signaling to inhibit OA progression. Therefore, this specific mechanism can guide the clinical treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhui Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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10
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He Z, Nie P, Lu J, Ling Y, Guo J, Zhang B, Hu J, Liao J, Gu J, Dai B, Feng Z. Less mechanical loading attenuates osteoarthritis by reducing cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone remodelling, secondary inflammation, and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Bone Joint Res 2020; 9:731-741. [PMID: 33399476 PMCID: PMC7640939 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.910.bjr-2019-0368.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disabling joint disorder and mechanical loading is an important pathogenesis. This study aims to investigate the benefits of less mechanical loading created by intermittent tail suspension for knee OA. Methods A post-traumatic OA model was established in 20 rats (12 weeks old, male). Ten rats were treated with less mechanical loading through intermittent tail suspension, while another ten rats were treated with normal mechanical loading. Cartilage damage was determined by gross appearance, Safranin O/Fast Green staining, and immunohistochemistry examinations. Subchondral bone changes were analyzed by micro-CT and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and serum inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Our radiographs showed that joint space was significantly enlarged in rats with less mechanical loading. Moreover, cartilage destruction was attenuated in the less mechanical loading group with lower histological damage scores, and lower expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-5, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, and MMP-13. In addition, subchondral bone abnormal changes were ameliorated in OA rats with less mechanical loading, as reduced bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), and number of osteophytes and osteoclasts in the subchondral bone were observed. Finally, the level of serum inflammatory cytokines was significantly downregulated in the less mechanical loading group compared with the normal mechanical loading group, as well as the expression of NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in the cartilage. Conclusion Less mechanical loading alleviates cartilage destruction, subchondral bone changes, and secondary inflammation in OA joints. This study provides fundamental insights into the benefit of non-weight loading rest for patients with OA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(10):731–741.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhennian He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Pengfei Nie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianli Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Ling
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianghua Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiawei Liao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beilun District People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhiyun Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Jacobs BY, Allen KD. Factors affecting the reliability of behavioral assessments for rodent osteoarthritis models. Lab Anim 2020; 54:317-329. [PMID: 31431137 PMCID: PMC7830740 DOI: 10.1177/0023677219867715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The translational value of osteoarthritis (OA) models is often debated because numerous studies have shown that animal models frequently fail to predict the efficacy of therapies in humans. In part, this failing may be due to the paucity of preclinical studies that include behavioral assessments in their metrics. Behavioral assessments of animal OA models can provide valuable data on the pain and disability associated with disease-sequelae of significant clinical relevance. Clinical definitions of efficacy for OA therapeutics often center on their palliative effects. Thus, the widespread inclusion of behaviors indicative of pain and disability in preclinical animal studies may contribute to greater success identifying clinically relevant interventions. Unfortunately, studies that include behavioral assays still frequently encounter pitfalls in assay selection, protocol consistency, and data/methods transparency. Targeted selection of behavioral assays, with consideration of the array of clinical OA phenotypes and the limitations of individual behavioral assays, is necessary to identify clinically relevant outcomes in OA animal models appropriately. Furthermore, to facilitate accurate comparisons across research groups and studies, it is necessary to improve the transparency of methods. Finally, establishing agreed-upon and clear definitions of behavioral data will reduce the convolution of data both within and between studies. Improvement in these areas is critical to the continued benefit of preclinical animal studies as translationally relevant data in OA research. As such, this review highlights the current state of behavioral analyses in preclinical OA models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Y Jacobs
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kyle D Allen
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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12
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Araya N, Miyatake K, Tsuji K, Katagiri H, Nakagawa Y, Hoshino T, Onuma H, An S, Nishio H, Saita Y, Sekiya I, Koga H. Intra-articular Injection of Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma Is the Most Effective Treatment for Joint Pain by Modulating Synovial Inflammation and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Expression in a Rat Arthritis Model. Am J Sports Med 2020; 48:2004-2012. [PMID: 32519886 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520924011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has emerged as a treatment for osteoarthritis (OA). However, the effect that leukocyte concentrations in PRP have on OA remains unclear. PURPOSE To clarify the optimal PRP formulation for OA treatment by comparing pure PRP, leukocyte-poor PRP (LP-PRP), and leukocyte-rich PRP (LR-PRP) in a rat arthritis model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Knee arthritis was induced bilaterally in male Wistar rats with intra-articular injections of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) on day 0. Rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups (pure PRP, LP-PRP, and LR-PRP). On day 1, allogenic PRP was injected into the right knee of rats and phosphate-buffered saline was injected into the left knee as a control. Weight distribution on the hindlimbs was measured for 14 days to assess pain behavior. Rats were euthanized at day 5 or 14 for histological assessment of synovial tissue and cartilage. Immunohistochemical staining of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and α-smooth muscle actin was performed to determine the mechanism of pain relief induced by the PRP preparations. RESULTS In all groups, PRP increased the load-sharing ratio on PRP-injected knees, with pure PRP eliciting the largest effect among the 3 kinds of PRP (P < .05). Structural changes in the synovial tissue were significantly inhibited in the pure-PRP group compared with the control group after both 5 and 14 days (P < .001 and P = .025, respectively), whereas no significant difference was found between the control, LP-PRP, and LR-PRP groups. An inhibitory effect on cartilage degeneration was observed only in the pure-PRP group on day 14. Pure PRP also significantly inhibited expression of CGRP-positive nerve fibers in the infrapatellar fat pad compared with the other groups (P < .05). CONCLUSION In an MIA-induced arthritis model, pure PRP injection was the most effective treatment for reduction of pain-related behavior and inhibition of synovial inflammation and pain sensitization. CLINICAL RELEVANCE PRP formulations should be optimized for each specific disease. This study shows the superiority of pure PRP for treatment of arthritis and joint pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Araya
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Miyatake
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tsuji
- Department of Cartilage Regeneration, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Katagiri
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakagawa
- Department of Cartilage Regeneration, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Hoshino
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Onuma
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saisei An
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nishio
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Saita
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Abdel Jaleel GA, Saleh DO, Al-Awdan SW, Hassan A, Asaad GF. Impact of type III collagen on monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04083. [PMID: 32548322 PMCID: PMC7284073 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative chronic disease that affects various tissues surrounding the joints, such as the subchondral bone and articular cartilage. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of collagen type III (CIII; 10 mg/kg; p.o.) on OA evidenced by restoration of articular cartilage structural changes as well as inflammatory responses using an established rat model of OA. OA was induced in rats by a single intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) through the right knee of the rats. Oral administration of CIII was undergone for 14 consecutive days. Changes in joint volume were measured throughout the experiment period with one-week intervals. At the end of the experiment, the rats were placed in the activity cage, and their activities were counted. Oxidative stress and nitrosative biomarkers were assessed by measuring the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NOx). Moreover, inflammatory markers viz. interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis nuclear factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured. In addition, radiographic analysis and histopathological examination of the rat's knee were performed. The results of the current study revealed that oral treatment of MIA-induced osteoarthritic rats with CIII (10 mg/kg) for two weeks showed a marked decrease in the joint volume which led eventually to a prominent increase in the motor activity. Furthermore, treatment with CIII restored the serum levels of MDA, GSH, NOx, IL-6, IL-1β and the TNF-α. Furthermore, CIII succeeded to ameliorate the detrimental effect of MIA on radiographic images and histopathological alterations of the joint. From these findings, it can be concluded that CIII has regenerative and anti-inflammatory properties, thus has the ability to counteract MIA-induced OA in rat. Finally, CIII is said to be a potential anti-osteoarthritic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad A Abdel Jaleel
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth st-Dokki, Cairo Governorate 12622 Egypt
| | - Dalia O Saleh
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth st-Dokki, Cairo Governorate 12622 Egypt
| | - Sally W Al-Awdan
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth st-Dokki, Cairo Governorate 12622 Egypt
| | - Azza Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University Egypt
| | - Gihan F Asaad
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth st-Dokki, Cairo Governorate 12622 Egypt
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14
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Barbosa GM, Cunha JE, Russo TL, Cunha TM, Castro PATS, Oliveira FFB, Cunha FQ, Ramalho FS, Salvini TF. Thirty days after anterior cruciate ligament transection is sufficient to induce signs of knee osteoarthritis in rats: pain, functional impairment, and synovial inflammation. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:279-288. [PMID: 32006078 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the unilateral signs of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) 30 and 60 days after anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Pain, gait function, synovial fluid inflammation, and histopathological changes in the synovial membrane were analyzed, as well as the interaction between the variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 32; 219.2 ± 18.6 g) were randomly distributed into four groups of eight animals each. Two groups were submitted to unilateral ACLT surgery to induce KOA and analyzed after 30 (KOA30) and 60 days (KOA60). Two control groups (without surgery) were also assessed after the same time periods (C30 and C60). All the groups were evaluated before ACLT from the least to most stressful tests (skin temperature, mechanical response threshold, gait test, thermal response threshold, and joint swelling), as well as 30 and 60 days after surgery. After euthanasia, the synovial fluid and synovial membrane were collected. RESULTS Thirty days after ACLT, KOA30 showed decrease paw print area and mechanical response threshold, higher joint swelling, skin temperature, leukocyte count, cytokine levels, and synovitis score. No differences were found between KOA30 and KOA60. CONCLUSION Our data showed that 30 days after ACLT is sufficient to induce signs of KOA in rats, such as pain, functional impairment, and synovial inflammation, suggesting that a shorter time period can be used as an experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germanna M Barbosa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonathan E Cunha
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago L Russo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula A T S Castro
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando S Ramalho
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tania F Salvini
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Plasticidade Muscular, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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15
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Mazur CM, Woo JJ, Yee CS, Fields AJ, Acevedo C, Bailey KN, Kaya S, Fowler TW, Lotz JC, Dang A, Kuo AC, Vail TP, Alliston T. Osteocyte dysfunction promotes osteoarthritis through MMP13-dependent suppression of subchondral bone homeostasis. Bone Res 2019; 7:34. [PMID: 31700695 PMCID: PMC6828661 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), long considered a primary disorder of articular cartilage, is commonly associated with subchondral bone sclerosis. However, the cellular mechanisms responsible for changes to subchondral bone in OA, and the extent to which these changes are drivers of or a secondary reaction to cartilage degeneration, remain unclear. In knee joints from human patients with end-stage OA, we found evidence of profound defects in osteocyte function. Suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling (PLR) was most severe in the medial compartment of OA subchondral bone, with lower protease expression, diminished canalicular networks, and disorganized and hypermineralized extracellular matrix. As a step toward evaluating the causality of PLR suppression in OA, we ablated the PLR enzyme MMP13 in osteocytes while leaving chondrocytic MMP13 intact, using Cre recombinase driven by the 9.6-kb DMP1 promoter. Not only did osteocytic MMP13 deficiency suppress PLR in cortical and subchondral bone, but it also compromised cartilage. Even in the absence of injury, osteocytic MMP13 deficiency was sufficient to reduce cartilage proteoglycan content, change chondrocyte production of collagen II, aggrecan, and MMP13, and increase the incidence of cartilage lesions, consistent with early OA. Thus, in humans and mice, defects in PLR coincide with cartilage defects. Osteocyte-derived MMP13 emerges as a critical regulator of cartilage homeostasis, likely via its effects on PLR. Together, these findings implicate osteocytes in bone-cartilage crosstalk in the joint and suggest a causal role for suppressed perilacunar/canalicular remodeling in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M. Mazur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Jonathon J. Woo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Cristal S. Yee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Aaron J. Fields
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Claire Acevedo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Karsyn N. Bailey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Serra Kaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Tristan W. Fowler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Lotz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Alexis Dang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA
| | - Alfred C. Kuo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA
| | - Thomas P. Vail
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
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16
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Sensitization of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 and increasing its endogenous ligand 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid in rats with monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis. Pain 2019; 159:939-947. [PMID: 29438227 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) receptor modulates pain, and this has been noted in several animal models. However, the involvement of TRPV4 in osteoarthritic (OA) pain remains poorly understood. This study assessed the functional changes in TRPV4 and the expression of its endogenous ligand 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (5,6-EET) in a rat monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA pain model (MIA rats). Monoiodoacetate-treated rats showed reduced grip strength as compared to sham-treated rats, and this loss in function could be recovered by the intraarticular administration of a TRPV4 antagonist (HC067047 or GSK2193874). By contrast, the intraarticular administration of the TRPV4 agonist, GSK1016790A, increased the pain-related behaviors in MIA rats but not in sham rats. TRPV4 expression was not increased in knee joints of MIA rats; however, the levels of phosphorylated TRPV4 at Ser824 were increased in dorsal root ganglion neurons. In addition, 5,6-EET was increased in lavage fluids from the knee joints of MIA rats and in meniscectomy-induced OA pain model rats. 5,6-EET and its metabolite were also detected in synovial fluids from patients with OA. In conclusion, TRPV4 was sensitized in the knee joints of MIA rats through phosphorylation in dorsal root ganglion neurons, along with an increase in the levels of its endogenous ligand 5,6-EET. The analgesic effects of the TRPV4 antagonist in the OA pain model rats suggest that TRPV4 may be a potent target for OA pain relief.
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17
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Zhou X, Zhang L, Guo X, Liu G, Wang G, Fu S. A Macaca Fascicularis Knee Osteoarthritis Model Developed by Modified Hulth Combined with Joint Scratches. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3393-3404. [PMID: 29789519 PMCID: PMC5994139 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative disease of joints, and animal models have important significance in the investigation of this disease. The aim of this study was to develop a better method for developing osteoarthritis models in primates by comparing the modified Hulth score combined with joint scratches modeling method with others. MATERIAL AND METHODS We randomly divided 15 young male Macaca fascicularis and 3 old male Macaca fascicularis into 6 groups (n=3). Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) models were developed with different methods: modified Hulth combined with joint scratches (Group A), modified Hulth (Group B), Hulth (Group C), spontaneous models (Group D); sham-operated (Group E), and blank control (Group F). Morphology and pathology of knee joints were observed at the 8th week after surgery. The levels of WBC, IL-1b, and TGF-b1 in synovial fluid were detected by ELISA. The levels of COL-II, ACAN, and MMP-13 in articular cartilage were examined by RT-qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS In Brittberg and modified Mankin score, Group A was higher than B (P<0.05) and lower than C (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference between Group A and D (P>0.05). Except for Group E and F, the differences were statistically significant among others in WBC, IL-1β, and TGF-β1 (P<0.05). COL-II and ACAN decreased and MMP-13 increased, and there was no significant difference between Groups A and D (P>0.05) or between Groups E and F (P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences among other groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The models developed by modified Hulth combined with joint scratches were the closet to spontaneous models at the 8th week after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoguang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Guoyou Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Shijie Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
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18
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Deshmukh V, Hu H, Barroga C, Bossard C, Kc S, Dellamary L, Stewart J, Chiu K, Ibanez M, Pedraza M, Seo T, Do L, Cho S, Cahiwat J, Tam B, Tambiah JRS, Hood J, Lane NE, Yazici Y. A small-molecule inhibitor of the Wnt pathway (SM04690) as a potential disease modifying agent for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:18-27. [PMID: 28888902 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by loss of cartilage and increased subchondral bone within synovial joints. Wnt signaling affects the pathogenesis of OA as this pathway modulates both the differentiation of osteoblasts and chondrocytes, and production of catabolic proteases. A novel small-molecule Wnt pathway inhibitor, SM04690, was evaluated in a series of in vitro and in vivo animal studies to determine its effects on chondrogenesis, cartilage protection and synovial-lined joint pathology. DESIGN A high-throughput screen was performed using a cell-based reporter assay for Wnt pathway activity to develop a small molecule designated SM04690. Its properties were evaluated in bone-marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to assess chondrocyte differentiation and effects on cartilage catabolism by immunocytochemistry and gene expression, and glycosaminoglycan breakdown. In vivo effects of SM04690 on Wnt signaling, cartilage regeneration and protection were measured using biochemical and histopathological techniques in a rodent acute cruciate ligament tear and partial medial meniscectomy (ACLT + pMMx) OA model. RESULTS SM04690 induced hMSC differentiation into mature, functional chondrocytes and decreased cartilage catabolic marker levels compared to vehicle. A single SM04690 intra-articular (IA) injection was efficacious in a rodent OA model, with increased cartilage thickness, evidence for cartilage regeneration, and protection from cartilage catabolism observed, resulting in significantly improved Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) histology scores and biomarkers, compared to vehicle. CONCLUSIONS SM04690 induced chondrogenesis and appeared to inhibit joint destruction in a rat OA model, and is a candidate for a potential disease modifying therapy for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Hu
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - S Kc
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - K Chiu
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - M Ibanez
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | - T Seo
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - L Do
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - S Cho
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | - B Tam
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | - J Hood
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - N E Lane
- University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Y Yazici
- Samumed, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Abstract
Purpose of review Despite the tremendous individual suffering and socioeconomic burden caused by osteoarthritis, there are currently no effective disease-modifying treatment options. This is in part because of our incomplete understanding of osteoarthritis disease mechanism. This review summarizes recent developments in therapeutic targets identified from surgical animal models of osteoarthritis that provide novel insight into osteoarthritis pathology and possess potential for progression into preclinical studies. Recent findings Several candidate pathways and processes that have been identified include chondrocyte autophagy, growth factor signaling, inflammation, and nociceptive signaling. Major strategies that possess therapeutic potential at the cellular level include inhibiting autophagy suppression and decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Cartilage anabolism and prevention of cartilage degradation has been shown to result from growth factor signaling modulation, such as TGF-β, TGF-α, and FGF; however, the results are context-dependent and require further investigation. Pain assessment studies in rodent surgical models have demonstrated potential in employing anti-NGF strategies for minimizing osteoarthritis-associated pain. Summary Studies of potential therapeutic targets in osteoarthritis using animal surgical models are helping to elucidate osteoarthritis pathology and propel therapeutics development. Further studies should continue to elucidate pathological mechanisms and therapeutic targets in various joint tissues to improve overall joint health.
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20
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Yu X, Zhao L, Yu Z, Yu C, Bi J, Sun B, Cong H. Sivelestat sodium hydrate improves post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis through nuclear factor-κB in a rat model. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1531-1537. [PMID: 28810618 PMCID: PMC5526152 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As a specific inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, sivelestat sodium hydrate has primarily been used in the treatment of acute lung injury caused by various factors since its approval in 2002. Sivelestat sodium hydrate also improves post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA), although its underlying mechanisms of action have yet to be elucidated. The aim of the current study was to determine if sivelestat sodium hydrate improves post-traumatic KOA through nuclear factor (NF)-κB in a rat model. Treatment with sivelestat sodium hydrate significantly inhibited the induction of structural changes and significantly increased the vertical episode count and ipsilateral static weight bearing of the joint in KOA rats (all P<0.01). Sivelestat sodium hydrate significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 production, serum nitrite levels, inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) secretion in KOA rats compared with the model group (all P<0.01). Sivelestat sodium hydrate also significantly suppressed p50/p65 DNA binding activity and NF-κB and phosphorylated inhibitor of κB protein expression in the joints of KOA rats compared with the model group (all P<0.01). These results suggest that sivelestat sodium hydrate improves post-traumatic KOA through HMGB1 and NF-κB in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Department of Operating Theatre, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Yu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Changzheng Yu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Jianfei Bi
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Binglong Sun
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Cong
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264400, P.R. China
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Barton KI, Shekarforoush M, Heard BJ, Sevick JL, Vakil P, Atarod M, Martin R, Achari Y, Hart DA, Frank CB, Shrive NG. Use of pre-clinical surgically induced models to understand biomechanical and biological consequences of PTOA development. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:454-465. [PMID: 27256202 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) development is often observed following traumatic knee injuries involving key stabilising structures such as the cruciate ligaments or the menisci. Both biomechanical and biological alterations that follow knee injuries have been implicated in PTOA development, although it has not been possible to differentiate clearly between the two causal factors. This review critically examines the outcomes from pre-clinical lapine and ovine injury models arising in the authors' laboratories and differing in severity of PTOA development and progression. Specifically, we focus on how varying severity of knee injuries influence the subsequent alterations in kinematics, kinetics, and biological outcomes. The immediate impact of injury on the lubrication capacity of the joint is examined in the context of its influence on biomechanical alterations, thus linking the biological changes to abnormal kinematics, leading to a focus on the potential areas for interventions to inhibit or prevent development of the disease. We believe that PTOA results from altered cartilage surface interactions where biological and biomechanical factors intersect, and mitigating acute joint inflammation may be critical to prolonging PTOA development. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:454-465, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen I Barton
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mehdi Shekarforoush
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bryan J Heard
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John L Sevick
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paria Vakil
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammad Atarod
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ryan Martin
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Section of Orthopaedics, University of Calgary, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yamini Achari
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David A Hart
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cyril B Frank
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nigel G Shrive
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Zahoor T, Mitchell R, Bhasin P, Schon L, Zhang Z. A Surgical Model of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis With Histological and Gait Validation. Orthop J Sports Med 2016; 4:2325967116658874. [PMID: 27517056 PMCID: PMC4968051 DOI: 10.1177/2325967116658874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is secondary to an array of joint injuries. Animal models are useful tools for addressing the uniqueness of PTOA progression in each type of joint injury and developing strategies for PTOA prevention and treatment. Hypothesis: Intra-articular fracture induces PTOA pathology. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Through a parapatellar incision, the medial tibial plateau was exposed in the left knees of 8 Sprague-Dawley rats. Osteotomy at the midpoint between the tibial crest and the outermost portion of the medial tibial plateau, including the covering articular cartilage, was performed using a surgical blade. The fractured medial tibial plateau was fixed with 2 needles transversely. The fractured knees were not immobilized. Before and after surgery, rat gait was recorded. Rats were sacrificed at week 8, and their knees were harvested for histology. Results: After intra-articular fracture, the affected limbs altered gait from baseline (week 0). In the first 2 weeks, the gait of the operated limbs featured a reduced paw print intensity and stride length but increased maximal contact and stance time. Reduction of maximal and mean print area and duty cycle (the percentage of stance phase in a step) was present from week 1 to week 5. Only print length was reduced in weeks 7 and 8. At week 8, histology of the operated knees demonstrated osteoarthritic pathology. The severity of the PTOA pathology did not correlate with the changes of print length at week 8. Conclusion: Intra-articular fracture of the medial tibial plateau effectively induced PTOA in rat knees. During PTOA development, the injured limbs demonstrated characteristic gait. Clinical Relevance: Intra-articular fracture represents severe joint injury and associates with a high rate of PTOA. This animal model, with histologic and gait validations, can be useful for future studies of PTOA prevention and early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Zahoor
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Reed Mitchell
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Priya Bhasin
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lew Schon
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Orthobiologic Laboratory, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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