1
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Canalis E, Yu J, Singh V, Mocarska M, Schilling L. NOTCH2 sensitizes the chondrocyte to the inflammatory response of tumor necrosis factor α. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105372. [PMID: 37865314 PMCID: PMC10692730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch regulates the immune and inflammatory response and has been associated with the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis in humans and preclinical models of the disease. Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice harbor a NOTCH2 gain-of-function and are sensitized to osteoarthritis, but the mechanisms have not been explored. We examined the effects of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in chondrocytes from Notch2tm1.1Ecan mice and found that NOTCH2 enhanced the effect of TNFα on Il6 and Il1b expression. Similar results were obtained in cells from a conditional model of NOTCH2 gain-of-function, Notch22.1Ecan mice, and following the expression of the NOTCH2 intracellular domain in vitro. Recombination signal-binding protein for immunoglobulin Kappa J region partners with the NOTCH2 intracellular domain to activate transcription; in the absence of Notch signaling it inhibits transcription, and Rbpj inactivation in chondrocytes resulted in Il6 induction. Although TNFα induced IL6 to a greater extent in the context of NOTCH2 activation, there was a concomitant inhibition of Notch target genes Hes1, Hey1, Hey2, and Heyl. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated displacement of recombination signal-binding protein for immunoglobulin Kappa J region from DNA binding sites by TNFα explaining the increased Il6 expression and the concomitant decrease in Notch target genes. NOTCH2 enhanced the effect of TNFα on NF-κB signaling, and RNA-Seq revealed increased expression of pathways associated with inflammation and the phagosome in NOTCH2 overexpressing cells in the absence and presence of TNFα. Collectively, NOTCH2 has important interactions with TNFα resulting in the enhanced expression of Il6 and inflammatory pathways in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Jungeun Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vijender Singh
- Computational Biology Core, Institute for System Genomics, UConn, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Magda Mocarska
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lauren Schilling
- UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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2
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Miao MZ, Su QP, Cui Y, Bahnson EM, Li G, Wang M, Yang Y, Collins JA, Wu D, Gu Q, Chubinskaya S, Diekman BO, Yamada KM, Loeser RF. Redox-active endosomes mediate α5β1 integrin signaling and promote chondrocyte matrix metalloproteinase production in osteoarthritis. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadf8299. [PMID: 37906629 PMCID: PMC10666734 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adf8299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical cues sensed by integrins induce cells to produce proteases to remodel the extracellular matrix. Excessive protease production occurs in many degenerative diseases, including osteoarthritis, in which articular cartilage degradation is associated with the genesis of matrix protein fragments that can activate integrins. We investigated the mechanisms by which integrin signals may promote protease production in response to matrix changes in osteoarthritis. Using a fragment of the matrix protein fibronectin (FN) to activate the α5β1 integrin in primary human chondrocytes, we found that endocytosis of the integrin and FN fragment complex drove the production of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-13. Activation of α5β1 by the FN fragment, but not by intact FN, was accompanied by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production initially at the cell surface, then in early endosomes. These ROS-producing endosomes (called redoxosomes) contained the integrin-FN fragment complex, the ROS-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), and SRC, a redox-regulated kinase that promotes MMP-13 production. In contrast, intact FN was endocytosed and trafficked to recycling endosomes without inducing ROS production. Articular cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis showed increased amounts of SRC and the NOX2 complex component p67phox. Furthermore, we observed enhanced localization of SRC and p67phox at early endosomes, suggesting that redoxosomes could transmit and sustain integrin signaling in response to matrix damage. This signaling mechanism not only amplifies the production of matrix-degrading proteases but also establishes a self-perpetuating cycle that contributes to the ongoing degradation of cartilage matrix in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Z. Miao
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Qian Peter Su
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Yang Cui
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Edward M. Bahnson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Menglin Wang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yuchen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - John A. Collins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Division of Oral & Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Qisheng Gu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Department of Immunology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Susan Chubinskaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Brian O. Diekman
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Yamada
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Richard F. Loeser
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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3
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Li ZL, Li XT, Hao RC, Wang FY, Wang YX, Zhao ZD, Li PL, Yin BF, Mao N, Ding L, Zhu H. Human osteoarthritic articular cartilage stem cells suppress osteoclasts and improve subchondral bone remodeling in experimental knee osteoarthritis partially by releasing TNFAIP3. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:253. [PMID: 37752608 PMCID: PMC10523665 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though articular cartilage stem cell (ACSC)-based therapies have been demonstrated to be a promising option in the treatment of diseased joints, the wide variety of cell isolation, the unknown therapeutic targets, and the incomplete understanding of the interactions of ACSCs with diseased microenvironments have limited the applications of ACSCs. METHODS In this study, the human ACSCs have been isolated from osteoarthritic articular cartilage by advantage of selection of anatomical location, the migratory property of the cells, and the combination of traumatic injury, mechanical stimuli and enzymatic digestion. The protective effects of ACSC infusion into osteoarthritis (OA) rat knees on osteochondral tissues were evaluated using micro-CT and pathological analyses. Moreover, the regulation of ACSCs on osteoarthritic osteoclasts and the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro were explored by RNA-sequencing, pathological analyses and functional gain and loss experiments. The one-way ANOVA was used in multiple group data analysis. RESULTS The ACSCs showed typical stem cell-like characteristics including colony formation and committed osteo-chondrogenic capacity. In addition, intra-articular injection into knee joints yielded significant improvement on the abnormal subchondral bone remodeling of osteoarthritic rats. Bioinformatic and functional analysis showed that ACSCs suppressed osteoarthritic osteoclasts formation, and inflammatory joint microenvironment augmented the inhibitory effects. Further explorations demonstrated that ACSC-derived tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) remarkably contributed to the inhibition on osteoarhtritic osteoclasts and the improvement of abnormal subchondral bone remodeling. CONCLUSION In summary, we have reported an easy and reproducible human ACSC isolation strategy and revealed their effects on subchondral bone remodeling in OA rats by releasing TNFAIP3 and suppressing osteoclasts in a diseased microenvironment responsive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ling Li
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tong Li
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Cong Hao
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
- Basic Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Yan Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
- Basic Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xing Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
- People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Dong Zhao
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
- People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Road Fuxing 28, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Lin Li
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Feng Yin
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Mao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ding
- Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Road Fucheng 30, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heng Zhu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Road Taiping 27, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
- Basic Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Zhang C, Wang G, An Y. Achieving Nasal Septal Cartilage In Situ Regeneration: Focus on Cartilage Progenitor Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1302. [PMID: 37759702 PMCID: PMC10527213 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasal septal cartilage plays an important role in preventing the collapse of the nasal bones and maintaining the appearance of the nose. In the context of inherent difficulties regarding septal cartilage repair and the shortage of cartilage graft resources for regeneration, tissue engineering, especially the in situ strategy based on scaffolds, has become a new prospect and become one of the most promising approaches. Given that it is difficult for chondrocytes to achieve directional migration and secrete matrix components to participate in tissue repair after cartilage injury, cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs), with great migratory ability and stem cell characteristics, have caught the attention of researchers and brought hope for nasal septal cartilage in situ regeneration. In this review, we first summarized the distribution, characteristics, isolation, and culture methods of nasal septal CPCs. Subsequently, we described the roles of migratory CPCs in cartilage regeneration. Finally, we reviewed the existing studies on CPCs-based cartilage tissue engineering and summarized the strategies for promoting the migration and chondrogenesis of CPCs so as to provide ideas for achieving nasal septal cartilage in situ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yang An
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (C.Z.)
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5
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Vinod E, Parasuraman G, Livingston A, Amirtham SM, Rebekah G, Lisha JJ, Daniel AJ, Sathishkumar S. Comparison of methods for the isolation and culture of Migratory chondroprogenitors from Human articular cartilage. Connect Tissue Res 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37092666 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2023.2202266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resident articular stem cells isolated using a migratory assay called Migratory Chondroprogenitors (MCPs) have emerged as a promising cellular therapeutic for the treatment of cartilage pathologies. In-vivo studies using MCPs report their superiority over bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes for treating chondral defects. However, there is no consensus on their isolation protocol. This study aimed to compare four reported isolation methods of MCPs and identify the optimal and feasible protocol for future translational work. METHODS Human MCPs isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage (n = 3) were divided into four groups: a) MCP1: 8-15 mm cartilage explants, b) MCP2: 8-10 mm explants digested in 0.1% collagenase for 2 hrs. and cultured c) MCP3: 1 mm cartilage explants and d) MCP 4: 25 mm explants with a X tear, 7-day culture, and trypsinization to release migrated cells. The MCPs were subjected to the following analysis: growth kinetics, surface marker expression, mRNA gene expression for markers of chondrogenesis and hypertrophy, and trilineage differentiation. RESULTS MCPs isolated via the four methods showed similar surface marker profiles, chondrogenic (SOX-9, ACAN, COL2A1) and hypertrophic (COL1, RUNX2) gene expression. The migration time for the MCP3 group was the longest. The MCP1, MCP2, and MCP4 groups produced MCPs with comparable cellular expansion feasibility. CONCLUSIONS MCPs can be preferably isolated by the any of the three above methods based on the investigator's discretion. In the case of small cartilage samples similar to the MCP3 group, the isolation of MCP is plausible, keeping in mind the additional time required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vinod
- Department of Physiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, A unit of InStem, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Abel Livingston
- Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Grace Rebekah
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - J Jeya Lisha
- Department of Physiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Alfred Job Daniel
- Department of Orthopaedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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6
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Liu W, Feng M, Xu P. From regeneration to osteoarthritis in the knee joint: The role shift of cartilage-derived progenitor cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1010818. [PMID: 36340024 PMCID: PMC9630655 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1010818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A mount of growing evidence has proven that cartilage-derived progenitor cells (CPCs) harbor strong proliferation, migration, andmultiple differentiation potentials over the past 2 decades. CPCs in the stage of immature tissue play an important role in cartilage development process and injured cartilage repair in the young and active people. However, during maturation and aging, cartilage defects cannot be completely repaired by CPCs in vivo. Recently, tissue engineering has revealed that repaired cartilage defects with sufficient stem cell resources under good condition and bioactive scaffolds in vitro and in vivo. Chronic inflammation in the knee joint limit the proliferation and chondrogenesis abilities of CPCs, which further hampered cartilage healing and regeneration. Neocartilage formation was observed in the varus deformity of osteoarthritis (OA) patients treated with offloading technologies, which raises the possibility that organisms could rebuild cartilage structures spontaneously. In addition, nutritionmetabolismdysregulation, including glucose and free fatty acid dysregulation, could influence both chondrogenesis and cartilage formation. There are a few reviews about the advantages of CPCs for cartilage repair, but few focused on the reasons why CPCs could not repair the cartilage as they do in immature status. A wide spectrum of CPCs was generated by different techniques and exhibited substantial differences. We recently reported that CPCs maybe are as internal inflammation sources during cartilage inflammaging. In this review, we further streamlined the changes of CPCs from immature development to maturation and from healthy status to OA advancement. The key words including “cartilage derived stem cells”, “cartilage progenitor cells”, “chondroprogenitor cells”, “chondroprogenitors” were set for latest literature searching in PubMed and Web of Science. The articles were then screened through titles, abstracts, and the full texts in sequence. The internal environment including long-term inflammation, extendedmechanical loading, and nutritional elements intake and external deleterious factors were summarized. Taken together, these results provide a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanism of CPC proliferation and differentiation during development, maturation, aging, injury, and cartilage regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Liu
- Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meng Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Xu,
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7
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Whitty C, Pernstich C, Marris C, McCaskie A, Jones M, Henson F. Sustained delivery of the bone morphogenetic proteins BMP-2 and BMP-7 for cartilage repair and regeneration in osteoarthritis. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2022; 4:100240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2022.100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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8
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The clinical potential of articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells: a systematic review. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:2. [PMID: 35013329 PMCID: PMC8748760 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, evidence has emerged for the existence of a distinct population of endogenous progenitor cells in adult articular cartilage, predominantly referred to as articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells (ACPCs). This progenitor population can be isolated from articular cartilage of a broad range of species, including human, equine, and bovine cartilage. In vitro, ACPCs possess mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-like characteristics, such as colony forming potential, extensive proliferation, and multilineage potential. Contrary to bone marrow-derived MSCs, ACPCs exhibit no signs of hypertrophic differentiation and therefore hold potential for cartilage repair. As no unique cell marker or marker set has been established to specifically identify ACPCs, isolation and characterization protocols vary greatly. This systematic review summarizes the state-of-the-art research on this promising cell type for use in cartilage repair therapies. It provides an overview of the available literature on endogenous progenitor cells in adult articular cartilage and specifically compares identification of these cell populations in healthy and osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage, isolation procedures, in vitro characterization, and advantages over other cell types used for cartilage repair. The methods for the systematic review were prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020184775).
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9
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Vinod E, Parameswaran R, Ramasamy B, Kachroo U. Pondering the Potential of Hyaline Cartilage-Derived Chondroprogenitors for Tissue Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Cartilage 2021; 13:34S-52S. [PMID: 32840123 PMCID: PMC8804774 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520951631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chondroprogenitors have recently gained prominence due to promising results seen in in vitro and animal studies as a potential contender in cell-based therapy for cartilage repair. Lack of consensus regarding nomenclature, isolation techniques, and expansion protocols create substantial limitations for translational research, especially given the absence of distinct markers of identification. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and collate information pertaining to hyaline cartilage-derived chondroprogenitors, with regard to their isolation, culture, and outcome measures. DESIGN As per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a web-based search of Scopus and PubMed databases was performed from January 2000 to May 2020, which yielded 509 studies. A total of 65 studies were identified that met the standardized inclusion criteria which comprised of, but was not limited to, progenitors derived from fibronectin adhesion, migrated subpopulation from explant cultures, and single-cell sorting. RESULT Literature search revealed that progenitors demonstrated inherent chondrogenesis and minimal tendency for hypertrophy. Multiple sources also demonstrated significantly better outcomes that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and comparable results to chondrocytes. With regard to progenitor subgroups, collated evidence points to better and consistent outcomes with the use of migratory progenitors when compared to fibronectin adhesion assay-derived progenitors, although a direct comparison between the two cell populations is warranted. CONCLUSION Since chondroprogenitors exhibit favorable properties for cartilage repair, efficient characterization of progenitors is imperative, to complete their phenotypic profile, so as to optimize their use in translational research for neocartilage formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vinod
- Department of Physiology, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, India,Centre for Stem Cell Research (a unit of
InStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College, Vellore, India,Elizabeth Vinod, Department of Physiology,
Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - Boopalan Ramasamy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Darwin
Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Upasana Kachroo
- Department of Physiology, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, India
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10
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von Kaeppler EP, Wang Q, Raghu H, Bloom MS, Wong H, Robinson WH. Interleukin 4 promotes anti-inflammatory macrophages that clear cartilage debris and inhibits osteoclast development to protect against osteoarthritis. Clin Immunol 2021; 229:108784. [PMID: 34126239 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA), the leading cause of joint failure, is characterized by breakdown of articular cartilage and remodeling of subchondral bone in synovial joints. Despite the high prevalence and debilitating effects of OA, no disease-modifying drugs exist. Increasing evidence, including genetic variants of the interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-4 receptor genes, implicates a role for IL-4 in OA, however, the mechanism underlying IL-4 function in OA remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of IL-4 in OA pathogenesis. METHODS Il4-, myeloid-specific-Il4ra-, and Stat6-deficient and control mice were subjected to destabilization of the medial meniscus to induce OA. Macrophages, osteoclasts, and synovial explants were stimulated with IL-4 in vitro, and their function and expression profiles characterized. RESULTS Mice lacking IL-4, IL-4Ra in myeloid cells, or STAT6 developed exacerbated cartilage damage and osteophyte formation relative to WT controls. In vitro analyses revealed that IL-4 downregulates osteoarthritis-associated genes, enhances macrophage phagocytosis of cartilage debris, and inhibits osteoclast differentiation and activation via the type I receptor. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that IL-4 protects against osteoarthritis in a myeloid and STAT6-dependent manner. Further, IL-4 can promote an immunomodulatory microenvironment in which joint-resident macrophages polarize towards an M2 phenotype and efficiently clear pro-inflammatory debris, and osteoclasts maintain a homeostatic level of activity in subchondral bone. These findings support a role for IL-4 modulation of myeloid cell types in maintenance of joint health and identify a pathway that could provide therapeutic benefit for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericka P von Kaeppler
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Qian Wang
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America; Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Harini Raghu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America; Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Michelle S Bloom
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America; Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Heidi Wong
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America; Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - William H Robinson
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America; Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America.
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11
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Liu X, Zhao J, Shi C, Liu Z, Shen H, Dang J, Li Y, Yang D, Wei J, Kang L, Zhou J, Cao F, Zheng SG, Wang Z. Construction of CII-Specific CAR-T to Explore the Cytokine Cascades Between Cartilage-Reactive T Cells and Chondrocytes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:568741. [PMID: 33343563 PMCID: PMC7746615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine cascades exist in many autoimmune disorders which amplify and sustain the autoimmune process and lead to chronic inflammatory injury to the host tissues. Increasing evidence indicates that chondrocytes can interact with T cells, which may be a crucial event in inflammatory arthritis. To address the reciprocal influences of cartilage-reactive T cells and chondrocytes, we constructed cartilage-reactive T cells by developing a type II collagen-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CII-CAR). An in vitro co-culture model of CII-CAR-T cells and fresh cartilage was developed, in which CII-CAR-T displayed specific proliferative capacity and cytokine release against fresh cartilage samples, and chondrocytes could respond to CII-CAR-T cells by secreting IL-6. The proposed model will help us to explore the possible cytokine cascades between cartilage-reactive T cells and cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ce Shi
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Junlong Dang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yang Li
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongguang Yang
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Wei
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liqing Kang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fenglin Cao
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zhenkun Wang
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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12
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Characterization of heterogeneous primary human cartilage-derived cell population using non-invasive live-cell phase-contrast time-lapse imaging. Cytotherapy 2020; 23:488-499. [PMID: 33092987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Reliable and reproducible cell therapy strategies to treat osteoarthritis demand an improved characterization of the cell and heterogeneous cell population resident in native cartilage tissue. Using live-cell phase-contrast time-lapse imaging (PC-TLI), this study investigates the morphological attributes and biological performance of the three primary biological objects enzymatically isolated from primary human cartilage: connective tissue progenitors (CTPs), non-progenitors (NPs) and multi-cellular structures (MCSs). The authors' results demonstrated that CTPs were smaller in size in comparison to NPs (P < 0.001). NPs remained part of the adhered cell population throughout the cell culture period. Both NPs and CTP progeny on day 8 increased in size and decreased in circularity in comparison to their counterparts on day 1, although the percent change was considerably less in CTP progeny (P < 0.001). PC-TLI analyses indicated three colony types: single-CTP-derived (29%), multiple-CTP-derived (26%) and MCS-derived (45%), with large heterogeneity with respect to cell morphology, proliferation rate and cell density. On average, clonal (CL) (P = 0.009) and MCS (P = 0.001) colonies exhibited higher cell density (cells per colony area) than multi-clonal (MC) colonies; however, it is interesting to note that the behavior of CL (less cells per colony and less colony area) and MCS (high cells per colony and high colony area) colonies was quite different. Overall effective proliferation rate (EPR) of the CTPs that formed CL colonies was higher than the EPR of CTPs that formed MC colonies (P = 0.02), most likely due to CTPs with varying EPR that formed the MC colonies. Finally, the authors demonstrated that lag time before first cell division of a CTP (early attribute) could potentially help predict its proliferation rate long-term. Quantitative morphological characterization using non-invasive PC-TLI serves as a reliable and reproducible technique to understand cell heterogeneity. Size and circularity parameters can be used to distinguish CTP from NP populations. Morphological cell and colony features can also be used to reliably and reproducibly identify CTP subpopulations with preferred proliferation and differentiation potentials in an effort to improve cell manufacturing and therapeutic outcomes.
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13
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Biological potential alterations of migratory chondrogenic progenitor cells during knee osteoarthritic progression. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:62. [PMID: 32216831 PMCID: PMC7099802 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-2144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although increasing studies have demonstrated that chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPCs) remain present in human osteoarthritic cartilage, the biological alterations of the CPCs from the less diseased lateral tibial condyle and the more diseased medial condyle of same patient remain to be investigated. Methods CPCs were isolated from paired grade 1–2 and grade 3–4 osteoarthritic cartilage by virtue of cell migratory capacities. The cell morphology, immunophenotype, self-renewal, multi-differentiation, and cell migration of these CPCs were evaluated. Additionally, the distributions of CD105+/CD271+ cells in OA osteochondral specimen were determined. Furthermore, a high-throughput mRNA sequencing was performed. Results Migratory CPCs (mCPCs) robustly outgrew from mildly collagenases-digested osteoarthritic cartilages. The mCPCs from grade 3–4 cartilages (mCPCs, grades 3–4) harbored morphological characteristics, cell proliferation, and colony formation capacity that were similar to those of the mCPCs from the grade 1–2 OA cartilages (mCPCs, grades 1–2). However, the mCPCs (grades 3–4) highly expressed CD271. In addition, the mCPCs (grades 3–4) showed enhanced osteo-adipogenic activities and decreased chondrogenic capacity. Furthermore, the mCPCs (grades 3–4) exhibited stronger cell migration in response to osteoarthritis synovial fluids. More CD105+/CD271+ cells resided in grade 3–4 articular cartilages. Moreover, the results of mRNA sequencing showed that mCPCs (grades 3–4) expressed higher migratory molecules. Conclusions Our data suggest that more mCPCs (grades 3–4) migrate to injured articular cartilages but with enhanced osteo-adipogenic and decreased chondrogenic capacity, which might explain the pathological changes of mCPCs during the progression of OA from early to late stages. Thus, these dysfunctional mCPCs might be optional cell targets for OA therapies.
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14
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Lehner C, Spitzer G, Gehwolf R, Wagner A, Weissenbacher N, Deininger C, Emmanuel K, Wichlas F, Tempfer H, Traweger A. Tenophages: a novel macrophage-like tendon cell population expressing CX3CL1 and CX3CR1. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.041384. [PMID: 31744815 PMCID: PMC6918766 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.041384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon disorders frequently occur and recent evidence has clearly implicated the presence of immune cells and inflammatory events during early tendinopathy. However, the origin and properties of these cells remain poorly defined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the presence of cells in healthy rodent and human tendon tissue fulfilling macrophage-like functions. Using various transgenic reporter mouse models, we demonstrate the presence of tendon-resident cells in the dense matrix of the tendon core expressing the fractalkine (Fkn) receptor CX3CR1 and its cognate ligand CX3CL1/Fkn. Pro-inflammatory stimulation of 3D tendon-like constructs in vitro resulted in a significant increase in the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, Mmp3, Mmp9, CX3CL1 and epiregulin, which has been reported to contribute to inflammation, wound healing and tissue repair. Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibition of the Fkn receptor blocked tendon cell migration in vitro, and show the presence of CX3CL1/CX3CR1/EREG-expressing cells in healthy human tendons. Taken together, we demonstrate the presence of CX3CL1+/CX3CR1+ 'tenophages' within the healthy tendon proper, which potentially fulfill surveillance functions in tendons.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lehner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel Spitzer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Gehwolf
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Wagner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Weissenbacher
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Deininger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katja Emmanuel
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Florian Wichlas
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert Tempfer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria .,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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15
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Wang Q, Onuma K, Liu C, Wong H, Bloom MS, Elliott EE, Cao RR, Hu N, Lingampalli N, Sharpe O, Zhao X, Sohn DH, Lepus CM, Sokolove J, Mao R, Cisar CT, Raghu H, Chu CR, Giori NJ, Willingham SB, Prohaska SS, Cheng Z, Weissman IL, Robinson WH. Dysregulated integrin αVβ3 and CD47 signaling promotes joint inflammation, cartilage breakdown, and progression of osteoarthritis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:128616. [PMID: 31534047 PMCID: PMC6795293 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading cause of joint failure, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, and no approved therapies that slow progression exist. Dysregulated integrin function was previously implicated in OA pathogenesis. However, the roles of integrin αVβ3 and the integrin-associated receptor CD47 in OA remain largely unknown. Here, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of human and murine osteoarthritic tissues revealed dysregulated expression of αVβ3, CD47, and their ligands. Using genetically deficient mice and pharmacologic inhibitors, we showed that αVβ3, CD47, and the downstream signaling molecules Fyn and FAK are crucial to OA pathogenesis. MicroPET/CT imaging of a mouse model showed elevated ligand-binding capacities of integrin αVβ3 and CD47 in osteoarthritic joints. Further, our in vitro studies demonstrated that chondrocyte breakdown products, derived from articular cartilage of individuals with OA, induced αVβ3/CD47-dependent expression of inflammatory and degradative mediators, and revealed the downstream signaling network. Our findings identify a central role for dysregulated αVβ3 and CD47 signaling in OA pathogenesis and suggest that activation of αVβ3 and CD47 signaling in many articular cell types contributes to inflammation and joint destruction in OA. Thus, the data presented here provide a rationale for targeting αVβ3, CD47, and their signaling pathways as a disease-modifying therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Onuma
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Changhao Liu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Heidi Wong
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Michelle S. Bloom
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Eileen E. Elliott
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Richard R.L. Cao
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Nick Hu
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Nithya Lingampalli
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Orr Sharpe
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Dong Hyun Sohn
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | - Christin M. Lepus
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Jeremy Sokolove
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Rong Mao
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Cecilia T. Cisar
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Harini Raghu
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Constance R. Chu
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
| | - Nicholas J. Giori
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery
| | - Stephen B. Willingham
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Ludwig Cancer Center, and
- Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Susan S. Prohaska
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Ludwig Cancer Center, and
- Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Irving L. Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Ludwig Cancer Center, and
- Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - William H. Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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16
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Riegger J, Zimmermann M, Joos H, Kappe T, Brenner RE. Hypothermia Promotes Cell-Protective and Chondroprotective Effects After Blunt Cartilage Trauma. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:420-430. [PMID: 29116863 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517736051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryotherapy is routinely administered after sports injuries of synovial joints. Although positive clinical effects on periarticular swelling and pain have been described, the effects on the cell biological activities of cartilage and synovial cells remain largely unknown so far. HYPOTHESIS Local hypothermia alleviates synovial reactions and prevents chondrocyte death as well as cartilage destructive processes after blunt cartilage trauma. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Human cartilage explants were impacted by a drop-tower apparatus (0.59 J) and cultured at 24 hours or 7 days in different temperature conditions (2 hours [short term], 16 hours [medium term], or throughout [long term] at 27°C; afterwards or throughout at 37°C). Besides, isolated human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) were stimulated with traumatized cartilage conditioned medium and cultured as mentioned above up to 4 days. The effects of hypothermia were evaluated by cell viability, gene expression, type II collagen synthesis and cleavage, as well as the release of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-13, and interleukin 6 (IL-6). RESULTS Seven days after trauma, hypothermic treatment throughout improved cell viability (short term: 10.1% [ P = .016]; medium term: 6% [ P = .0362]; long term: 12.5% [ P = .0039]). Short-term hypothermia attenuated the expression of catabolic MMP-13 (mRNA: -2.2-fold [ P = .0119]; protein: -2-fold [ P = .0238]). Whereas type II collagen synthesis (1.7-fold [ P = .0227]) was increased after medium-term hypothermia, MMP-13 expression (mRNA: -30.8-fold [ P = .0025]; protein: -10.3-fold [ P < .0001]) and subsequent cleavage of type II collagen (-1.1-fold [ P = .0489]) were inhibited. Long-term hypothermia further suppressed MMP release (pro-MMP-2: -3-fold [ P = .0222]; active MMP-2: -5.2-fold [ P = .0183]; MMP-13: -56-fold [ P < .0001]) and type II collagen breakdown (-1.6-fold [ P = .0036]). Four days after FLS stimulation, hypothermia significantly suppressed the gene expression of matrix-destructive enzymes after medium-term (MMP-3: -4.1-fold [ P = .0211]) and long-term exposure (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 [ADAMTS4]: -4.3-fold [ P = .0045]; MMP-3: -25.8-fold [ P = .014]; MMP-13: -122-fold [ P = .0444]) and attenuated IL-6 expression by trend. CONCLUSION After blunt cartilage trauma, initial hypothermia for only 2 hours and/or 16 hours induced significant cell-protective and chondroprotective effects and promoted the anabolic activity of chondrocytes, while the expression of matrix-destructive enzymes by stimulated FLS was attenuated by prolonged hypothermia. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings of this preliminary ex vivo investigation indicate that optimized cryotherapy management after cartilage trauma might prevent matrix-degenerative processes associated with the pathogenesis of posttraumatic osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Riegger
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Madeleine Zimmermann
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Helga Joos
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Kappe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rolf E Brenner
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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17
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Li MH, Xiao R, Li JB, Zhu Q. Regenerative approaches for cartilage repair in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1577-1587. [PMID: 28705606 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) as a debilitating affliction of joints currently affects millions of people and remains an unsolved problem. The disease involves multiple cellular and molecular pathways that converge on the progressive destruction of cartilage. Activation of cartilage regenerative potential and specific targeting pathogenic mediators have been the major focus of research efforts aimed at slowing the progression of cartilage degeneration and preserve joint function. This review will summarize recent key discoveries toward better understanding of the complex mechanisms behind OA development and highlight the latest advances in basic and clinical research in the approach for cartilage regeneration. Prospectively, more potent therapeutic strategies against progressive cartilage deterioration may use a combination of cytotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and bioscaffoldings for improved chondrogenic differentiation and stem/progenitor cell homing as well as the concomitant reduced enzymatic matrix degradation and inflammation. Further, treatments need to be provided with increased preciseness of targeted therapy. One might expect that the regenerative therapies could potentially control or even possibly cure OA if performed at early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - R Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - J B Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Q Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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