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Kantola V, Karjalainen J, Jaakola T, Leskinen HPP, Nissi MJ, Casula V, Nieminen MT. Anisotropy of T 2 and T 1ρ relaxation time in articular cartilage at 3 T. Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:1177-1188. [PMID: 38558167 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The anisotropy of R2 and R1ρ relaxation rates in articular cartilage contains information about the collagenous structure of the tissue. Here we determine and study the anisotropic and isotropic components of T2 and T1ρ relaxation parameters in articular cartilage with a clinical 3T MRI device. Furthermore, a visual representation of the topographical variation in anisotropy is given via anisotropy mapping. METHODS Eight bovine stifle joints were imaged at 22 orientations with respect to the main magnetic field using T2, continuous-wave (CW) T1ρ, and adiabatic T1ρ mapping sequences. Relaxation rates were separated into isotropic and anisotropic relaxation components using a previously established relaxation anisotropy model. Pixel-wise anisotropy values were determined from the relaxation-time maps using Michelson contrast. RESULTS The relaxation rates obtained from the samples displayed notable variation depending on the sample orientation, magnetization preparation, and cartilage layer. R2 demonstrated significant anisotropy, whereas CW-R1ρ (300 Hz) and CW-R1ρ (500 Hz) displayed a low degree of anisotropy. Adiabatic R1ρ was largely isotropic. In the deep cartilage regions, relaxation rates were generally faster and more anisotropic than in the cartilage closer to the tissue surface. The isotropic relaxation rate components were found to have similar values regardless of measurement sequence. CONCLUSIONS The fitted relaxation model for T2 and T1ρ demonstrated varying amounts anisotropy, depending on magnetization preparation, and studied the articular cartilage layer. Anisotropy mapping of full joints showed varying amounts of anisotropy depending on the quantitative MRI parameter and topographical location, and in the case of T2, showed systematic changes in anisotropy across cartilage depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Kantola
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouni Karjalainen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tomi Jaakola
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Henri P P Leskinen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko J Nissi
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Victor Casula
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Miika T Nieminen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Pang Y. An inflated adiabatic T 1ρ by T 1 relaxation in biological tissues. Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:444-446. [PMID: 38650392 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Pang
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Markhardt BK, Hund S, Rosas HG, Symanski JS, Mao L, Spiker AM, Blankenbaker DG. Comparison of MRI and arthroscopy findings for transitional zone cartilage damage in the acetabulum of the hip joint. Skeletal Radiol 2024; 53:1303-1312. [PMID: 38225402 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-024-04563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the performance of morphologic and hypointense signal changes on MRI to predict grades and types of acetabular cartilage damage in the chondrolabral transitional zone (TZ) of the hip identified at arthroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective single-center study reviewed conventional 3T MRI hip studies from individuals with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and subsequent hip arthroscopy surgery within 6 months. Independent review was made by three radiologists for the presence of morphologic damage or a hypointense signal lesion in the TZ on MRI. Fleiss' kappa statistic was used to assess inter-reader agreement. The degree of TZ surfacing damage (modified Outerbridge grades 1-4) and presence of non-surfacing wave sign at arthroscopic surgery were collected. Relationship between sensitivity and lesion grade was examined. RESULTS One hundred thirty-six MRI hip studies from 40 males and 74 females were included (mean age 28.5 years, age range 13-54 years). MRI morphologic lesions had a sensitivity of 64.9-71.6% and specificity of 48.4-67.7% for arthroscopic surfacing lesions, with greater sensitivity seen for higher grade lesions. Low sensitivity was seen for wave sign lesions (34.5-51.7%). MRI hypointense signal lesions had a sensitivity of 26.3-62% and specificity of 43.8-78.0% for any lesion. Inter-reader agreement was moderate for morphologic lesions (k = 0.601) and poor for hypointense signal lesions (k = 0.097). CONCLUSION Morphologic cartilage damage in the TZ on MRI had moderate sensitivity for any cartilage lesion, better sensitivity for higher grade lesions, and poor sensitivity for wave sign lesions. The diagnostic value of hypointense signal lesions was uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Keegan Markhardt
- Department of Radiology, Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Samuel Hund
- Department of Radiology, Musculoskeletal Section, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Humberto G Rosas
- Department of Radiology, Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John S Symanski
- Department of Radiology, Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lu Mao
- Departments of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrea M Spiker
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Donna G Blankenbaker
- Department of Radiology, Musculoskeletal Imaging and Intervention, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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McNish R, Lohse K, Pruthi S, Hastings MK, Zheng J, Zellers JA. Achilles tendon assessment on quantitative MRI: Sources of variability and relationships to tendinopathy. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14650. [PMID: 38712745 PMCID: PMC11081531 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Quantitative MRI (qMRI) measures are useful in assessing musculoskeletal tissues, but application to tendon has been limited. The purposes of this study were to optimize, identify sources of variability, and establish reproducibility of qMRI to assess Achilles tendon. Additionally, preliminarily estimates of effect of tendon pathology on qMRI metrics and structure-function relationships between qMRI measures and ankle performance were examined. T1, T1ρ, T2, and T2* maps of the Achilles tendon were obtained using a 3T MRI scanner. In participants with asymptomatic tendons (n = 21), MRI procedures were repeated twice, and region of interest selection was performed by three raters. Variance decomposition and reproducibility statistics were completed. To estimate the effect of pathology, qMRI measures from individuals with asymptomatic tendons were compared to qMRI measures from a pilot group of individuals with Achilles tendinopathy (n = 7). Relationships between qMRI and ankle performance measures were assessed. Between-participant variation accounted for the majority of variability (46.7%-64.0%) in all qMRI measures except T2*. ICCs met or exceeded 0.7 for all qMRI measures when averaged across raters or scans. Relaxation times were significantly longer in tendinopathic tendons (mean (SD) T1: 977.8 (208.6) ms, T1ρ: 35.4 (7.1) ms, T2: 42.8 (7.9) ms, T2*: 14.1 (7.6) ms, n = 7) compared to asymptomatic control tendons (T1: 691.7 (32.4) ms, T1ρ: 24.0 (3.6) ms, T2: 24.4 (7.5) ms, T2*: 9.5 (3.4) ms, n = 21) (p < 0.011 for all comparisons). T1 related to functional performance measures in symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. Study findings suggest that qMRI is reliable to assess the Achilles tendon. qMRI quantitatively assesses the presence of tendon pathology and relates to functional performance outcomes, supporting the utility of incorporating qMRI in research and clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reika McNish
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Keith Lohse
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Saksham Pruthi
- School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mary K Hastings
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer A Zellers
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Feuerriegel GC, Marth AA, Goller SS, Hilbe M, Sommer S, Sutter R. Quantifying Tendon Degeneration Using Magic Angle Insensitive Ultra-Short Echo Time Magnetization Transfer: A Phantom Study in Bovine Tendons. Invest Radiol 2024:00004424-990000000-00207. [PMID: 38598670 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively assess changes in bovine flexor tendons before and after collagen degradation and at different angles in relation to the static B0 field using 3-dimensional ultra-short echo time (UTE) magnetization transfer (MT) imaging within a clinically feasible acquisition time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight bovine flexor tendons were examined at 3 T magnetic resonance imaging including 3-dimensional UTE MT and UTE T2* research application sequences (acquired within 4:04 and 6:38 minutes, respectively) before and after enzyme-induced degradation. The tendons were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (controls) treated with phosphate-buffered saline and group 2 treated with collagenase I to induce collagen degeneration. Magnetic resonance imaging was repeated at 0, 27, 55, and 90 degrees to the B0 field. To calculate quantitative tissue properties, all tendons were semiautomatically segmented, and changes in quantitative UTE T2* and UTE MT ratios (MTRs) were compared at different angles and between groups. In addition to descriptive statistics, the coefficient of variation was calculated to compare UTE MT and UTE T2* imaging. RESULTS Ultra-short echo time MTR showed a significantly lower coefficient of variation compared with UTE T2* values, indicating a more robust imaging method (UTE MTR 9.64%-11.25%, UTE T2* 18.81%-24.06%, P < 0.001). Both methods showed good performance in detecting degenerated tendons using histopathology as reference standard, with UTE MT imaging having a better area under the curve than UTE T2* mapping (0.918 vs 0.865). Falsely high UTE T2* values were detected at the 55 degrees acquisition angle, whereas UTE MTR values were robust, that is, insensitive to the MAE. CONCLUSIONS Ultra-short echo time MT imaging is a reliable method for quantifying tendon degeneration that is robust to the MAE and can be acquired in a clinically reasonable time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg C Feuerriegel
- From the Department of Radiology, Balgrist University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (G.C.F., A.A.M., S.S.G., R.S.); Swiss Center for Musculoskeletal Imaging, Balgrist Campus, Zurich, Switzerland (A.A.M., S.S.); University of Zurich, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory for Animal Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland (M.H.); and Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International AG, Zurich, Switzerland (S.S.)
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Jerban S, Moazamian D, Ma Y, Afsahi AM, Dwek S, Athertya J, Malhi B, Jang H, Woods G, Chung CB, Du J, Chang EY. Fast dual-echo estimation of apparent long T2 fraction using ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging in tibialis tendons and its osteoporosis-related differences in women. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2024; 14:3146-3156. [PMID: 38617168 PMCID: PMC11007502 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Tendon and bone comprise a critical interrelating unit. Bone loss, including that seen with osteopenia (OPe) or osteoporosis (OPo), may be associated with a reduction in tendon quality, though this remains incompletely investigated. Clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences cannot directly detect signals from tendons because of the very short T2. Clinical MRI may detect high-graded abnormalities by changes in the adjacent structures like bone. However, ultrashort echo time MRI (UTE-MRI) can capture high signals from all tendons. To determine if the long T2 fraction, as measured by a dual-echo UTE-MRI sequence, is a sensitive quantitative technique to the age- and bone-loss-related changes of the lower leg tendons. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted between January 2018 to February 2020 in the lower legs of 14 female patients with OPe [72±6 years old, body mass index (BMI) =25.8±6.2 kg/m2] and 31 female patients with OPo (73±6 years old, BMI=22.0±3.8 kg/m2), as well as 30 female subjects with normal bone (Normal, 35±18 years old, BMI =23.2±4.3 kg/m2), were imaged on a 3T clinical scanner using a dual-echo 3D Cones UTE sequence. We defined the apparent long T2 signal fraction (aFrac-LongT2) of tendons as the ratio between the signal at the second echo time (TE =2.2 ms) to the UTE signal. The average aFrac-LongT2 and the cross-sectional area were calculated for the anterior tibialis tendons (ATTs) and the posterior tibialis tendons (PTTs). The Kruskal-Wallis rank test was used to compare the differences in aFrac-LongT2 and the cross-sectional area of the tendons between the groups. Results The aFrac-LongT2 of the ATTs and PTTs were significantly higher in the OPo group compared with the Normal group (22.2% and 34.8% in the ATT and PTT, respectively, P<0.01). The cross-sectional area in the ATTs was significantly higher for the OPo group than in the Normal group (Normal/OPo difference was 28.7, P<0.01). Such a difference for PTTs did not reach the significance level. Mean aFrac-LongT2 and cross-sectional area in the OPe group were higher than the Normal group and lower than the OPo group. However, the differences did not show statistical significance, likely due to the higher BMI in the OPe group. Conclusions Dual-echo UTE-MRI is a rapid quantification technique, and aFrac-LongT2 values showed significant differences in tendons between Normal and OPo patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dina Moazamian
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amir Masoud Afsahi
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sophia Dwek
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jiyo Athertya
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bhavsimran Malhi
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gina Woods
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christine B. Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric Y. Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Ma Y, Carl M, Tang Q, Moazamian D, Athertya JS, Jang H, Bukata SV, Chung CB, Chang EY, Du J. Whole knee joint mapping using a phase modulated UTE adiabatic T 1ρ (PM-UTE-AdiabT 1ρ ) sequence. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:896-910. [PMID: 37755319 PMCID: PMC10843531 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a 3D phase modulated UTE adiabatic T1ρ (PM-UTE-AdiabT1ρ ) sequence for whole knee joint mapping on a clinical 3 T scanner. METHODS This new sequence includes six major features: (1) a magnetization reset module, (2) a train of adiabatic full passage pulses for spin locking, (3) a phase modulation scheme (i.e., RF cycling pair), (4) a fat saturation module, (5) a variable flip angle scheme, and (6) a 3D UTE Cones sequence for data acquisition. A simple exponential fitting was used for T1ρ quantification. Phantom studies were performed to investigate PM-UTE-AdiabT1ρ 's sensitivity to compositional changes and reproducibility as well as its correlation with continuous wave-T1ρ measurement. The PM-UTE-AdiabT1ρ technique was then applied to five ex vivo and five in vivo normal knees to measure T1ρ values of femoral cartilage, meniscus, posterior cruciate ligament, anterior cruciate ligament, patellar tendon, and muscle. RESULTS The phantom study demonstrated PM-UTE-AdiabT1ρ 's high sensitivity to compositional changes, its high reproducibility, and its strong linear correlation with continuous wave-T1ρ measurement. The ex vivo and in vivo knee studies demonstrated average T1ρ values of 105.6 ± 8.4 and 77.9 ± 3.9 ms for the femoral cartilage, 39.2 ± 5.1 and 30.1 ± 2.2 ms for the meniscus, 51.6 ± 5.3 and 29.2 ± 2.4 ms for the posterior cruciate ligament, 79.0 ± 9.3 and 52.0 ± 3.1 ms for the anterior cruciate ligament, 19.8 ± 4.5 and 17.0 ± 1.8 ms for the patellar tendon, and 91.1 ± 8.8 and 57.6 ± 2.8 ms for the muscle, respectively. CONCLUSION The 3D PM-UTE-AdiabT1ρ sequence allows volumetric T1ρ assessment for both short and long T2 tissues in the knee joint on a clinical 3 T scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Qingbo Tang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, CA, USA
| | - Dina Moazamian
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jiyo S Athertya
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Susan V Bukata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christine B Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, CA, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
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Heiss R, Weber MA, Balbach EL, Hinsen M, Geissler F, Nagel AM, Ladd ME, Arkudas A, Horch RE, Gall C, Uder M, Roemer FW. Variation in cartilage T2 and T2* mapping of the wrist: a comparison between 3- and 7-T MRI. Eur Radiol Exp 2023; 7:80. [PMID: 38093075 PMCID: PMC10719234 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-023-00394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze regional variations in T2 and T2* relaxation times in wrist joint cartilage and the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) at 3 and 7 T and to compare values between field strengths. METHODS Twenty-five healthy controls and 25 patients with chronic wrist pain were examined at 3 and 7 T on the same day using T2- and T2*-weighted sequences. Six different regions of interest (ROIs) were evaluated for cartilage and 3 ROIs were evaluated at the TFCC based on manual segmentation. Paired t-tests were used to compare T2 and T2* values between field strengths and between different ROIs. Spearman's rank correlation was calculated to assess correlations between T2 and T2* time values at 3 and 7 T. RESULTS T2 and T2* time values of the cartilage differed significantly between 3 and 7 T for all ROIs (p ≤ 0.045), with one exception: at the distal lunate, no significant differences in T2 values were observed between field strengths. T2* values differed significantly between 3 and 7 T for all ROIs of the TFCC (p ≤ 0.001). Spearman's rank correlation between 3 and 7 T ranged from 0.03 to 0.62 for T2 values and from 0.01 to 0.48 for T2* values. T2 and T2* values for cartilage varied across anatomic locations in healthy controls at both 3 and 7 T. CONCLUSION Quantitative results of T2 and T2* mapping at the wrist differ between field strengths, with poor correlation between 3 and 7 T. Local variations in cartilage T2 and T2* values are observed in healthy individuals. RELEVANCE STATEMENT T2 and T2* mapping are feasible for compositional imaging of the TFCC and the cartilage at the wrist at both 3 and 7 T, but the clinical interpretation remains challenging due to differences between field strengths and variations between anatomic locations. KEY POINTS •Field strength and anatomic locations influence T2 and T2* values at the wrist. •T2 and T2* values have a poor correlation between 3 and 7 T. •Local reference values are needed for each anatomic location for reliable interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Heiss
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Marc-André Weber
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eva L Balbach
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hinsen
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frederik Geissler
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark E Ladd
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raymund E Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery and Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christine Gall
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Waldstraße 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank W Roemer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Maximiliansplatz 3, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Wu Z, Zaylor W, Sommer S, Xie D, Zhong X, Liu K, Kim J, Beveridge JE, Zhang X, Li X. Assessment of ultrashort echo time (UTE) T 2* mapping at 3T for the whole knee: repeatability, the effects of fat suppression, and knee position. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:7893-7909. [PMID: 38106304 PMCID: PMC10722028 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Knee tissues such as tendon, ligament and meniscus have short T2* relaxation times and tend to show little to no signal in conventional magnetic resonance acquisitions. An ultrashort echo time (UTE) technique offers a unique tool to probe fast-decaying signals in these tissues. Clinically relevant factors should be evaluated to quantify the sensitivity needed to distinguish diseased from control tissues. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (I) quantify the repeatability of UTE-T2* relaxation time values, and (II) evaluate the effects of fat suppression and (III) knee positioning on UTE-T2* relaxation time quantification. Methods A dual-echo, three-dimensional center-out radially sampling UTE and conventional gradient echo sequences were utilized to image gadolinium phantoms, one ex-vivo specimen, and five in-vivo subjects on a clinical 3T scanner. Scan-rescan images from the phantom and in-vivo experiments were used to evaluate the repeatability of T2* relaxation time values. Fat suppressed and non-suppressed images were acquired for phantoms and the ex-vivo specimen to evaluate the effect of fat suppression on T2* relaxation time quantifications. The effect of knee positioning was evaluated by imaging in-vivo subjects in extended and flexed positions within the knee coil and comparing T2* relaxation times quantified from tissues in each position. Results Phantom and in-vivo measurements demonstrated repeatable T2* mapping, where the percent difference between T2* relaxation time quantified from scan-rescan images was less than 8% for the phantom and knee tissues. The coefficient of variation across fat suppressed and non-suppressed images was less than 5% for the phantoms and ex-vivo knee tissues, showing that fat suppression had a minimal effect on T2* relaxation time quantification. Knee position introduced variability to T2* quantification of the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, and patellar tendon, with percent differences exceeding 20%, but the meniscus showed a percent difference less than 10%. Conclusions The 3D radial UTE sequence presented in this study could potentially be used to detect clinically relevant changes in mean T2* relaxation time, however, reproducibility of these values is impacted by knee position consistency between scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Wu
- Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William Zaylor
- Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stefan Sommer
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology (ACIT), Siemens Healthineers International AG, Zurich and Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Center for Musculoskeletal Imaging (SCMI), Balgrist Campus, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dongxing Xie
- Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhong
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kecheng Liu
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Malvern, PA, USA
| | - Jeehun Kim
- Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jillian E. Beveridge
- Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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10
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Jerban S, Afsahi AM, Ma Y, Moazamian D, Statum S, Lombardi AF, Kakos L, Dorthe E, Dlima D, Du J, Chung CB, Chang EY. Correlations between elastic modulus and ultrashort echo time (UTE) adiabatic T1ρ relaxation time (UTE-Adiab-T1ρ) in Achilles tendons and entheses. J Biomech 2023; 160:111825. [PMID: 37856976 PMCID: PMC10991081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Patients with psoriatic arthritis commonly have abnormalities of their entheses, which are the connections between tendons and bone. There are shortcomings with the use of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences for the evaluation of entheses and tendons, whereas ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences are superior for the detection of high signals, and can also be used for non-invasive quantitative assessments of these structures. The combination of UTE-MRI with an adiabatic-T1ρ preparation (UTE-Adiab-T1ρ) allows for reliable assessment of entheses and tendons with decreased susceptibility to detrimental magic angle effects. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between quantitative UTE-MRI measures and the biomechanical properties of Achilles tendons and entheses. In total, 28 tendon-enthesis sections were harvested from 11 fresh-frozen human cadaveric foot-ankle specimens (52 ± years old). Tendon-enthesis sections were scanned using the UTE-Adiab-T1ρ and UTE-T1 sequences on a clinical 3 T scanner. MRI-based measures and indentation tests were performed on the enthesis, transitional, and tensile tendon zones of the specimens. Hayes' elastic modulus showed significant inverse correlations (Spearman's) with UTE-Adiab-T1ρ in all zones (R= - 0.46, - 0.54, and - 0.61 in enthesis, transition, and tensile tendon zones, respectively). Oliver-Pharr's elastic modulus showed significant inverse correlations with UTE-Adiab-T1ρ in transition (R= - 0.52) and tensile tendon zone (R=- 0.60). UTE-T1 did not show significant correlations with the elastic modulus. UTE-MRI and elastic modulus were significantly lower in the tensile tendon compared with the enthesis regions This study highlights the potential of the UTE-Adiab-T1ρ technique for the non-invasive evaluation of tendons and enthuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Amir Masoud Afsahi
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dina Moazamian
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sheronda Statum
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alecio F Lombardi
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lena Kakos
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erik Dorthe
- Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daryll Dlima
- Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christine B Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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11
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Wan L, Searleman AC, Ma Y, Wong JH, Williams J, Murphy ME, Du J, Chang EY, Tang G. The effect of cartilage dehydration and rehydration on quantitative ultrashort echo time biomarkers. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:6942-6951. [PMID: 37869338 PMCID: PMC10585582 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Background The effect of dehydration of ex vivo cartilage samples and rehydration with native synovial fluid or normal saline on quantitative ultrashort echo time (UTE) biomarkers are unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of cartilage dehydration-rehydration on UTE biomarkers and to compare the rehydration capabilities of native synovial fluid and normal saline. Methods A total of 37 cartilage samples were harvested from patients (n=5) who underwent total knee replacement. Fresh cartilage samples were exposed to air to dehydrate for 2 hours after baseline magnetic resonance (MR) scanning, then randomly divided into two groups: one soaking in native synovial fluid (n=17) and the other in normal saline (n=20) to rehydrate for 4 hours. UTE-based biomarkers [T1, adiabatic T1r (AdiabT1r), macromolecular fraction (MMF), magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), and T2*] and sample weights were evaluated for fresh, dehydrated, and rehydrated cartilage samples. Differences and agreements between groups were assessed using the values of fresh cartilage samples as reference standard. Results Dehydrating in air for 2 hours resulted in significant weight loss (P=0.000). T1, AdiabT1r, and T2* decreased significantly while MMF and MTR increased significantly (all P<0.02). Non-significant differences were observed in cartilage weights after rehydrating in both synovial fluid and normal saline, with P values being 0.204 and 0.769, respectively. There were no significant differences in T1, AdiabT1r, MMF, and MTR after rehydrating in synovial fluid (P>0.0167, with Bonferroni correction) while T2* (P=0.001) still had significant differences compared with fresh samples. However, no significant differences were detected for any of the evaluated UTE biomarkers after rehydrating in normal saline (all P>0.05). No differences were detected in the agreement of UTE biomarker measurements between fresh samples and samples rehydrated with synovial fluid and normal saline. Conclusions Cartilage dehydration resulted in significant changes in UTE biomarkers. Rehydrating with synovial fluid or normal saline had non-significant effect on all the evaluated UTE biomarkers except T2* values, which still had significant differences compared with fresh samples after rehydrating with synovial fluid. No significant difference was observed in the rehydration capabilities of native synovial fluid and normal saline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidi Wan
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Adam C. Searleman
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Wong
- Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Judith Williams
- Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark E. Murphy
- Orthopaedic Surgery Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric Y. Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Guangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang M, Liu C, Lin H, Wang H, Qin L, Zhang Z, Liu C, Lu Y, Yan F, Zhang Y, Wei H. Age-Related Changes in the Spatial Variation of Magnetic Susceptibility of Human Articular Cartilage. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 58:198-207. [PMID: 36322382 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has shown great potential for revealing the layer structure of articular cartilage based on the laminar susceptibility difference at different depths. However, more information is needed on the effects of age on the spatial distribution of magnetic susceptibility in human cartilage. PURPOSE To assess the ability of QSM to quantify the age-related differences in depth-wise cartilage susceptibility values in healthy populations. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION A total of 94 healthy asymptomatic subjects in three age cohorts: 19-30 (n = 36, 20 males), 31-50 (n = 45, 27 males), and 51-66 years (n = 13, 7 males). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3D gradient echo sequences at 3.0 T. ASSESSMENT Four cartilage compartments were analyzed, including the central lateral/medial femur (cLF/cMF) and the lateral/medial tibia (LT/MT). The spatial susceptibility profile and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of each age cohort were obtained as functions of the normalized distance from the bone-cartilage interface to the cartilage surface (cartilage depth from 0.0 to 1.0). STATISTICAL TESTS The relationship between age and cartilage thickness of each cartilage subregion was tested by Pearson correlation with P < 0.05 considered significant. Cartilage depths with separations of 95% CIs were considered to have significant susceptibility differences between two age cohorts with a Bonferroni-corrected P < 0.05. RESULTS The cartilage thickness did not change significantly with age (P value range: 0.06-0.85). Susceptibilities were significantly higher in the 51-66-year-olds compared with the 31-50-year-olds in the deep layer of cMF (cartilage depth: 0.0-0.22) and LT (0.05-0.28). Susceptibilities were significantly higher in the 51-66-year-olds compared with the 19-30-year-olds near the cartilage-bone interface of cMF (0.0-0.34), cLF (0.0-0.28), and LT (0.0-0.58). There were also significantly higher susceptibilities in the 31-50-year-olds compared with the 19-30-year-olds in the deeper regions of cMF (0.26-0.57), cLF (0.0-0.40), and LT (0.07-0.80). DATA CONCLUSION Age-related susceptibility changes in the deeper regions of knee cartilage were observed using QSM. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Lin
- Department of Radiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanqi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Qin
- Department of Radiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Radiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- School of Information and Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer imaging of knee cartilage and meniscus after long-distance running. Eur Radiol 2023:10.1007/s00330-023-09462-x. [PMID: 36814033 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the detection of changes in knee cartilage and meniscus of amateur marathon runners before and after long-distance running using a 3D ultrashort echo time MRI sequence with magnetization transfer preparation (UTE-MT). METHODS We recruited 23 amateur marathon runners (46 knees) in this prospective cohort study. MRI scans using UTE-MT and UTE-T2* sequences were performed pre-race, 2 days post-race, and 4 weeks post-race. UTE-MT ratio (UTE-MTR) and UTE-T2* were measured for knee cartilage (eight subregions) and meniscus (four subregions). The sequence reproducibility and inter-rater reliability were also investigated. RESULTS Both the UTE-MTR and UTE-T2* measurements showed good reproducibility and inter-rater reliability. For most subregions of cartilage and meniscus, the UTE-MTR values decreased 2 days post-race and increased after 4 weeks of rest. Conversely, the UTE-T2* values increased 2 days post-race and decreased after 4 weeks. The UTE-MTR values in lateral tibial plateau, central medial femoral condyle, and medial tibial plateau showed a significant decrease at 2 days post-race compared to the other two time points (p < 0.05). By comparison, no significant UTE-T2* changes were found for any cartilage subregions. For meniscus, the UTE-MTR values in medial posterior horn and lateral posterior horn regions at 2 days post-race were significantly lower than those at pre-race and 4 weeks post-race (p < 0.05). By comparison, only the UTE-T2* values in medial posterior horn showed a significant difference. CONCLUSIONS UTE-MTR is a promising method for the detection of dynamic changes in knee cartilage and meniscus after long-distance running. KEY POINTS • Long-distance running causes changes in the knee cartilage and meniscus. • UTE-MT monitors dynamic changes of knee cartilage and meniscal non-invasively. • UTE-MT is superior to UTE-T2* in monitoring dynamic changes in knee cartilage and meniscus.
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14
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Lange T, Sturm L, Jungmann PM, Jung M, Ovsepyan S, Reisert M, Schmal H, Wenning M. Biomechanical Effects of Chronic Ankle Instability on the Talar Cartilage Matrix: The Value of T1ρ Relaxation Mapping Without and With Mechanical Loading. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:611-619. [PMID: 35611813 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T1ρ mapping has been proposed for the detection of early cartilage degeneration associated with chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, there are limited data surrounding the influence of ankle loading on T1ρ relaxation. PURPOSE To evaluate T1ρ relaxation times of talar cartilage, as an indicator of early degenerative changes, associated with CAI and to investigate the influence of acute axial in situ loading on T1ρ values in CAI patients and healthy controls. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS A total of 9 patients (age = 21.8 ± 2.5 years, male/female = 2/7) with chronic ankle instability and 18 healthy control subjects (age = 22.8 ± 3.6 years, male/female = 5/13). FIELD STRENGTH 3 T. SEQUENCE 3D gradient echo fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequence augmented with a variable spin-lock preparation period. ASSESSMENT Ankle T1ρ mapping was performed without and with axial loading of 500 N. The talar cartilage was segmented in five coronal slices covering the central talocrural joint. Median talar T1ρ values were separately calculated for the medial and lateral facets. STATISTICAL TESTS Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, significance level: P < 0.05. RESULTS For the combined cohorts, the statistical analysis yielded significantly lower T1ρ values with loading compared to the no-load measurement for both the lateral (no load: [51.0 ± 4.0] msec, load: [49.5 ± 5.4] msec) as well as the medial compartment (no load: [50.0 ± 5.4] msec, load: [47.8 ± 6.8] msec). In the unloaded scans, the CAI patients showed significantly increased talar T1ρ values ([53.0 ± 7.4] mse ) compared to the healthy control subjects ([48.8 ± 4.1] msec) in the medial compartment. DATA CONCLUSION Increased talar T1ρ relaxation times in CAI patients compared to healthy controls suggest that T1ρ relaxation is a sensitive biomarker for CAI-induced early-stage cartilage degeneration. However, the load-induced T1ρ change did not prove to be a viable marker for the altered biomechanical properties of the hyaline talar cartilage. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 LEVEL OF EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lange
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Sturm
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pia M Jungmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Jung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Spartak Ovsepyan
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Reisert
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Schmal
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Markus Wenning
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Wang P. Adiabatically prepared spin-lock could reduce the R 1ρ dispersion. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:763-775. [PMID: 36819267 PMCID: PMC9929376 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background R1ρ (or spin-lock) imaging is prone to artifacts arising from field inhomogeneities that may impact the R1ρ quantification. Previous research has proposed two types of method to manage the artifacts in continuous-wave constant amplitude spin-lock, one is based on the composite block pulses to compensate for the field imperfections, another category uses adiabatic pulses in the R1ρ pre-pulse to excite and reverse the magnetization (named adiabatic prepared approach). Although both methods have proved their efficiency in alleviating artifacts, we observed that the adiabatic pulse approach could produce much lower R1ρ dispersion in human knee cartilage than the block pulse method (characterized by the R1ρ difference ∆R1ρ =11.4 Hz (from spin-lock field 50 to 500 Hz) for the block pulse method vs. ∆R1ρ =4.5 Hz for the adiabatic pulse approach). Prompted by this observation, the purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying factors that may affect the R1ρ dispersion through numerical simulations based on the two-pool exchanging Bloch-McConnell equations. Methods The effects of free water pool size Pa (from 0.80 to 0.95), chemical exchange rate kb (from the bound to free water pool, ranged from 500 to 3,000 Hz), adiabatic pulse duration Tp (from 5.0 to 25 ms), and the chemical shift of the bound pool ppmb (from 1.0 to 5.0 ppm) were examined on the degree of the R1ρ dispersion for the two R1ρ imaging methods. Results In general, the greater the ppmb, kb, Tp, and the smaller Pa, the more significant difference in R1ρ dispersion between the block and adiabatic approaches, with the dispersion curve of the adiabatic method becoming flatter. Conclusions The adiabatic prepared approach may compromise the R1ρ dispersion, the effect is determined by the combination of the tissue and radiofrequency (RF) pulse properties. It is suggested that care should be taken when using the adiabatically prepared approach to study R1ρ dispersion.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Imaging plays a pivotal role for diagnosis, follow-up and stratification of osteoarthritis patients in clinical trials and research. We aim to present an overview of currently available and emerging imaging techniques for osteoarthritis assessment and provide insight into relevant benefits and pitfalls of the different modalities. RECENT FINDINGS Although radiography is considered sufficient for a structural diagnosis of osteoarthritis and is commonly used to define eligibility of patients for participation in clinical trials, it has inherent limitations based on the projectional nature of the technique and inherent challenges regarding reproducibility in longitudinal assessment. MRI has changed our understanding of the disease from 'wear and tear' of cartilage to a whole organ disorder. MRI assessment of structural changes of osteoarthritis includes semi-quantitative, quantitative and compositional evaluation. Ultrasound is helpful in evaluating the degree of synovitis and has value in the assessment particularly of the patella-femoral joint. Recent development of computed tomography technology including weight-bearing systems has led to broader application of this technology in a research context. SUMMARY Advances in MRI technology have resulted in a significant improvement in understanding osteoarthritis as a multitissue disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Chalian
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Frank W Roemer
- Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Ali Guermazi
- Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine
- Department of Radiology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Ma Y, Jang H, Jerban S, Chang EY, Chung CB, Bydder GM, Du J. Making the invisible visible-ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging: Technical developments and applications. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 9:041303. [PMID: 36467869 PMCID: PMC9677812 DOI: 10.1063/5.0086459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses a large magnetic field and radio waves to generate images of tissues in the body. Conventional MRI techniques have been developed to image and quantify tissues and fluids with long transverse relaxation times (T2s), such as muscle, cartilage, liver, white matter, gray matter, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid. However, the body also contains many tissues and tissue components such as the osteochondral junction, menisci, ligaments, tendons, bone, lung parenchyma, and myelin, which have short or ultrashort T2s. After radio frequency excitation, their transverse magnetizations typically decay to zero or near zero before the receiving mode is enabled for spatial encoding with conventional MR imaging. As a result, these tissues appear dark, and their MR properties are inaccessible. However, when ultrashort echo times (UTEs) are used, signals can be detected from these tissues before they decay to zero. This review summarizes recent technical developments in UTE MRI of tissues with short and ultrashort T2 relaxation times. A series of UTE MRI techniques for high-resolution morphological and quantitative imaging of these short-T2 tissues are discussed. Applications of UTE imaging in the musculoskeletal, nervous, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems of the body are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Graeme M Bydder
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: (858) 246-2248, Fax: (858) 246-2221
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18
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Wang N, Wen Q, Maharjan S, Mirando AJ, Qi Y, Hilton MJ, Spritzer CE. Magic angle effect on diffusion tensor imaging in ligament and brain. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 92:243-250. [PMID: 35777687 PMCID: PMC10155228 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the magic angle effect on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measurements in rat ligaments and mouse brains. METHODS Three rat knee joints and three mouse brains were scanned at 9.4 T using a modified 3D diffusion-weighted spin echo pulse sequence with the isotropic spatial resolution of 45 μm. The b value was 1000 s/mm2 for rat knee and 4000 s/mm2 for mouse brain. DTI model was used to investigate the quantitative metrics at different orientations with respect to the main magnetic field. The collagen fiber structure of the ligament was validated with polarized light microscopy (PLM) imaging. RESULTS The signal intensity, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and DTI metrics in the ligament were strongly dependent on the collagen fiber orientation with respect to the main magnetic field from both simulation and actual MRI scans. The variation of fractional anisotropy (FA) was about ~32%, and the variation of mean diffusivity (MD) was ~11%. These findings were further validated with the numerical simulation at different SNRs (~10.0 to 86.0). Compared to the ligament, the DTI metrics showed little orientation dependence in mouse brains. CONCLUSION Magic angle effect plays an important role in DTI measurements in the highly ordered collagen-rich tissues, while MD showed less orientation dependence than FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Qiuting Wen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Surendra Maharjan
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anthony J Mirando
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yi Qi
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew J Hilton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Charles E Spritzer
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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19
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Gao M, Wang J, Jiang L, Pan X, Canavese F, Li Y, Wang W, Zhou Z, Zhu W. Magnetic resonance imaging R2* sequences can better detect microstructural cartilage changes than T2 mapping in cynomolgus monkeys with limited knee kinematics: preliminary imaging findings. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:870. [PMID: 36115988 PMCID: PMC9482308 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The difference between MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging)-R2* and T2 mapping sequences regarding their superiority in the detection of microstructural cartilage changes in knees with limited ROM (range of motion) was unknown. METHODS Twenty male cynomolgus monkeys (mean age: 10.65 ± 0.97 years) underwent knee ROM evaluations and were divided into three groups: Group A (n = 10), with similar left and right knee ROM; Group B (n = 5), with left knee ROM superior to right; and Group C (n = 5), with left knee ROM inferior to right. Twenty-eight ROIs (regions of interest) in the cartilage of the lateral (L) and medial (M) femoral trochlea (FT), anterior (A)/central (C)/posterior (P) femoral condyle (FC) and tibial plateau (TP) of both knees were identified in each monkey. The corresponding ROI values in R2* and T2 mapping sequences were recorded for analysis. One-way ANOVA, Chi-square tests and Pearson's correlation analysis were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Among the total 1120 ROIs, significant differences in R2* values among the three groups existed in two ROIs: cartilage of the right MPTP (F = 5.216, P = 0.017) and left MAFC (F = 4.919, P = 0.021). However, the T2 mapping values of all ROIs were similar among the three groups. Microstructural cartilage changes occurred more frequently in the medial (40 ROIs) than in the lateral (0 ROIs) knee compartment (χ2 = 43.077, P < 0.001). The Group B cartilage R2* value of the right MPTP increased with the difference in bilateral knee ROM (r = 0.913, P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS In knees with limited ROM, MRI-R2* sequence is superior to T2 mapping in the detection of microstructural cartilage changes, which the medial knee compartment was more susceptible to. Cartilage R2* values tend to increase with the amount of knee ROM loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- ManMan Gao
- grid.452847.80000 0004 6068 028XDepartment of Sport Medicine, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, 3002nd SunGangXi Road of FuTian District, Shenzhen, 518025 China ,grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 628th ZhenYuan Road of GuangMing District, Shenzhen, 518107 China ,grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061 China
| | - JianMin Wang
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 628th ZhenYuan Road of GuangMing District, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - LuoYong Jiang
- grid.452847.80000 0004 6068 028XDepartment of Orthopedics, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518025 China
| | - XiMin Pan
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital (Gastrointestinal Hospital), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China
| | - Federico Canavese
- grid.414184.c0000 0004 0593 6676Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Lille University Center, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Avenue Eugène Avinée, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - YiQiang Li
- grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics, GuangZhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623 China
| | - WenTao Wang
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 628th ZhenYuan Road of GuangMing District, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - ZhiYu Zhou
- grid.511083.e0000 0004 7671 2506Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 628th ZhenYuan Road of GuangMing District, Shenzhen, 518107 China ,grid.412615.50000 0004 1803 6239Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - WeiMin Zhu
- grid.452847.80000 0004 6068 028XDepartment of Sport Medicine, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, 3002nd SunGangXi Road of FuTian District, Shenzhen, 518025 China
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20
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Wu M, Ma YJ, Liu M, Xue Y, Gong L, Wei Z, Jerban S, Jang H, Chang DG, Chang EY, Ma L, Du J. Quantitative assessment of articular cartilage degeneration using 3D ultrashort echo time cones adiabatic T 1ρ (3D UTE-Cones-AdiabT 1ρ) imaging. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:6178-6186. [PMID: 35357540 PMCID: PMC9388581 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate articular cartilage degeneration using quantitative three-dimensional ultrashort-echo-time cones adiabatic-T1ρ (3D UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ) imaging. METHODS Sixty-six human subjects were recruited for this study. Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade and Whole-Organ Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging Score (WORMS) were evaluated by two musculoskeletal radiologists. The human subjects were categorized into three groups, namely normal controls (KL0), doubtful-minimal osteoarthritis (OA) (KL1-2), and moderate-severe OA (KL3-4). WORMS were regrouped to encompass the extent of lesions and the depth of lesions. The UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ values were obtained using 3D UTE-Cones data acquisitions preceded by seven paired adiabatic full passage pulses that corresponded to seven spin-locking times (TSLs) of 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 ms. The performance of the UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ technique in evaluating the degeneration of knee cartilage was assessed via the ANOVA comparisons with subregional analysis and Spearman's correlation coefficient as well as the receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ showed significant positive correlations with KL grade (r = 0.15, p < 0.05) and WORMS (r = 0.57, p < 0.05). Higher UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ values were observed in both larger and deeper lesions in the cartilage. The differences in UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ values among different extent and depth groups of cartilage lesions were all statistically significant (p < 0.05). Subregional analyses showed that the correlations between UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ and WORMS varied with the location of cartilage. The AUC value of UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ for mild cartilage degeneration (WORMS=1) was 0.8. The diagnostic threshold value of UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ for mild cartilage degeneration was 39.4 ms with 80.8% sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The 3D UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ sequence can be useful in quantitative evaluation of articular cartilage degeneration. KEY POINTS • The 3D UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ sequence can distinguish mild cartilage degeneration from normal cartilage with a diagnostic threshold value of 39.4 ms for mild cartilage degeneration with 80.8% sensitivity. • Higher UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ values were observed in both larger and deeper lesions in the articular cartilage. • UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ is a promising biomarker for quantitative evaluation of early cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wu
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ya-Jun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mouyuan Liu
- Imaging Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanping Xue
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lillian Gong
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Zhao Wei
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Douglas G Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Liheng Ma
- Imaging Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92037, USA.
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21
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Markhardt BK, Huang BK, Spiker AM, Chang EY. Interpretation of Cartilage Damage at Routine Clinical MRI: How to Match Arthroscopic Findings. Radiographics 2022; 42:1457-1473. [PMID: 35984752 PMCID: PMC9453290 DOI: 10.1148/rg.220051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This review is intended to aid in the interpretation of damage to the articular cartilage at routine clinical MRI to improve clinical management. Relevant facets of the histologic and biochemical characteristics and clinical management of cartilage are discussed, as is MRI physics. Characterization of damage to the articular cartilage with MRI demands a detailed understanding of the normal and damaged appearance of the osteochondral unit in the context of different sequence parameters. Understanding the location of the subchondral bone plate is key to determining the depth of the cartilage lesion. Defining the bone plate at MRI is challenging because of the anisotropic fibrous organization of articular cartilage, which is susceptible to the "magic angle" phenomenon and chemical shift artifacts at the interface with the fat-containing medullary cavity. These artifacts may cause overestimation of the thickness of the subchondral bone plate and, therefore, overestimation of the depth of a cartilage lesion. In areas of normal cartilage morphology, isolated hyperintense and hypointense lesions often represent degeneration of cartilage at arthroscopy. Changes in the subchondral bone marrow at MRI also increase the likelihood that cartilage damage will be visualized at arthroscopy, even when a morphologic lesion cannot be resolved, and larger subchondral lesions are associated with higher grades at arthroscopy. The clinical significance of other secondary features of cartilage damage are also reviewed, including osteophytes, intra-articular bodies, and synovitis. Online supplemental material is available for this article. Work of the U.S. Government published under an exclusive license with the RSNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Keegan Markhardt
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging
and Intervention (B.K.M.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery (A.M.S.),
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave,
E3/311, Madison, WI 53792; Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal
Imaging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif (B.K.H., E.Y.C.);
and Radiology Services, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System
(E.Y.C.)
| | - Brady K. Huang
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging
and Intervention (B.K.M.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery (A.M.S.),
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave,
E3/311, Madison, WI 53792; Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal
Imaging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif (B.K.H., E.Y.C.);
and Radiology Services, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System
(E.Y.C.)
| | - Andrea M. Spiker
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging
and Intervention (B.K.M.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery (A.M.S.),
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave,
E3/311, Madison, WI 53792; Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal
Imaging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif (B.K.H., E.Y.C.);
and Radiology Services, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System
(E.Y.C.)
| | - Eric Y. Chang
- From the Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging
and Intervention (B.K.M.), and Department of Orthopedic Surgery (A.M.S.),
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave,
E3/311, Madison, WI 53792; Department of Radiology, Division of Musculoskeletal
Imaging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif (B.K.H., E.Y.C.);
and Radiology Services, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System
(E.Y.C.)
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22
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Furman G, Meerovich V, Sokolovsky V, Xia Y, Salem S, Shavit T, Blumenfeld-Katzir T, Ben-Eliezer N. Determining the internal orientation, degree of ordering, and volume of elongated nanocavities by NMR: Application to studies of plant stem. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2022; 341:107258. [PMID: 35753185 PMCID: PMC9986720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the fibril nanostructure of fresh celery samples by modeling the anisotropic behavior of the transverse relaxation time (T2) in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Experimental results are interpreted within the framework of a previously developed theory, which was successfully used to model the nanostructures of several biological tissues as a set of water filled nanocavities, hence explaining the anisotropy the T2 relaxation time in vivo. An important feature of this theory is to determine the degree of orientational ordering of the nanocavities, their characteristic volume, and their average direction with respect to the macroscopic sample. Results exhibit good agreement between theory and experimental data, which are, moreover, supported by optical microscopic resolution. The quantitative NMR approach presented herein can be potentially used to determine the internal ordering of biological tissues noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Furman
- Physics Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Victor Meerovich
- Physics Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Yang Xia
- Physics Department, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Sarah Salem
- Physics Department, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Tamar Shavit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Noam Ben-Eliezer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), New York University School of Medicine, NY, USA
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23
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Wilms LM, Radke KL, Latz D, Thiel TA, Frenken M, Kamp B, Filler TJ, Nagel AM, Müller-Lutz A, Abrar DB, Nebelung S. UTE-T2* versus conventional T2* mapping to assess posterior cruciate ligament ultrastructure and integrity-an in-situ study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:4190-4201. [PMID: 35919061 PMCID: PMC9338370 DOI: 10.21037/qims-22-251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Clinical-standard morphologic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is limited in the refined diagnosis of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries. Quantitative MRI sequences such as ultrashort echo-time (UTE)-T2* mapping or conventional T2* mapping have been theorized to quantify ligament (ultra-) structure and integrity beyond morphology. This study evaluates their diagnostic potential in identifying and differentiating partial and complete PCL injuries in a standardized graded injury model. Methods Ten human cadaveric knee joint specimens were imaged on a clinical 3.0 T MRI scanner using morphologic, conventional T2* mapping, and UTE-T2* mapping sequences before and after standardized arthroscopic partial and complete PCL transection. Following manual segmentation, quantitative T2* and underlying texture features (i.e., energy, homogeneity, and variance) were analyzed for each specimen and PCL condition, both for the entire PCL and its subregions. For statistical analysis, Friedman’s test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test was used against the level of significance of P≤0.01. Results For the entire PCL, T2* was significantly increased as a function of injury when acquired with the UTE-T2* sequence [entire PCL: 11.1±3.1 ms (intact); 10.9±4.6 ms (partial); 14.3±4.9 ms (complete); P<0.001], but not when acquired with the conventional T2* sequence [entire PCL: 10.0±3.2 ms (intact); 11.4±6.2 ms (partial); 15.5±7.8 ms (complete); P=0.046]. The PCL subregions and texture variables showed variable changes indicative of injury-associated disorganization. Conclusions In contrast to the conventional T2* mapping, UTE-T2* mapping is more receptive in the detection of structural damage of the PCL and allows quantitative assessment of ligament (ultra-)structure and integrity that may help to improve diagnostic differentiation of distinct injury states. Once further substantiated beyond the in-situ setting, UTE-T2* mapping may refine diagnostic evaluation of PCL injuries and -possibly- monitor ligament healing, ageing, degeneration, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Marie Wilms
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Ludger Radke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - David Latz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Andreas Thiel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Miriam Frenken
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kamp
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Armin Michael Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Müller-Lutz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Benjamin Abrar
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven Nebelung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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24
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Su X, Zhang Y, Gao Q, Liang Z, Wan L, Zhang L, Tang G. Preliminary study on the assessment of early cartilage degeneration by quantitative ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging in vivo. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:3803-3812. [PMID: 35782245 PMCID: PMC9246734 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the feasibility of quantitative ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging (UTE-MRI) techniques for assessing early cartilage degeneration in vivo. METHODS A total of 46 patients with knee pain due to osteoarthritis (OA) as the main complaint were recruited into the study. We performed MRI examinations with different quantitative UTE-MRI techniques, including UTE-based magnetization transfer (MT), UTE-adiabaticT1ρ, and UTE-T2* mapping on a 3.0T clinical magnetic resonance (MR) scanner (MR750; GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA). Three regions of interest (ROIs) were manually drawn on the medial and lateral femoral condyles and the corresponding medial and lateral tibial plateaus, respectively. A total of 561 ROIs (12 ROIs for each knee) were finally included and divided into 3 groups according to the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score (MOAKS): normal (MOAKS 0, n=175), mild degeneration (MOAKS 1, n=283), and moderate degeneration (MOAKS 2, n=103). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tamhane's T2 test were used to compare the differences of quantitative UTE-biomarkers among different groups. The analysis of Spearman's correlation was used to assess the correlation between the UTE-biomarkers and MOAKS grading. The diagnostic efficacy of different quantitative UTE-MRI techniques for detecting mild cartilage degeneration was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS The UTE-MT ratio (UTE-MTR) and the UTE-adiabatic T1ρ values had a moderate correlation with the MOAKS grading (r=-0.523, P<0.001; r=0.531, P<0.001, respectively), while the UTE-T2* was weakly correlated with the MOAKS grading (r=-0.396, P<0.001). For the normal group (MOAKS 0) and the mild group (MOAKS 1), the UTE-MTR values were 21.09%±3.03% and 17.30%±3.22%, respectively. The UTE-adiabatic T1ρ values were 30.43±6.26 ms and 35.05±8.78 ms for the normal group (MOAKS 0) and the mild group (MOAKS 1), respectively. With respect to the UTE-T2* values, the normal group (MOAKS 0) values were 21.49±3.96 ms and the mild group (MOAKS 1) values were 19.86±3.08 ms. All the differences between the 2 groups of the 3 UTE-MRI values were significant. The AUCs of the UTE-MTR, UTE-adiabatic T1ρ, and UTE-T2* mapping were 0.794, 0.732, and 0.651, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The quantitative UTE-MRI techniques (UTE-MT, UTE-adiabatic T1ρ, and UTE-T2* mapping) show great promise for assessing the early degeneration of articular cartilage in vivo, and the UTE-MT and UTE-adiabatic T1ρ values show better diagnostic efficacy than UTE-T2* mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolian Su
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Hebei Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Qiuming Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zonghui Liang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jing’an District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lidi Wan
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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25
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Roemer FW, Guermazi A, Demehri S, Wirth W, Kijowski R. Imaging in Osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:913-934. [PMID: 34560261 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent form of arthritis with major implications on both individual and public health care levels. The field of joint imaging, and particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has evolved rapidly due to the application of technical advances to the field of clinical research. This narrative review will provide an introduction to the different aspects of OA imaging aimed at an audience of scientists, clinicians, students, industry employees, and others who are interested in OA but who do not necessarily focus on OA. The current role of radiography and recent advances in measuring joint space width will be discussed. The status of cartilage morphology assessment and evaluation of cartilage biochemical composition will be presented. Advances in quantitative three-dimensional morphologic cartilage assessment and semi-quantitative whole-organ assessment of OA will be reviewed. Although MRI has evolved as the most important imaging method used in OA research, other modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography, and metabolic imaging play a complementary role and will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F W Roemer
- Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, FGH Building, 3rd Floor, 820 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Department of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 3, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.
| | - A Guermazi
- Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, FGH Building, 3rd Floor, 820 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; Department of Radiology, VA Boston Healthcare System, 1400 VFW Pkwy, Suite 1B105, West Roxbury, MA, 02132, USA
| | - S Demehri
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolf Street, Park 311, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - W Wirth
- Institute of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria, Nüremberg, Germany; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria; Chondrometrics, GmbH, Freilassing, Germany
| | - R Kijowski
- Department of Radiology, New York University Grossmann School of Medicine, 550 1st Avenue, 3nd Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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26
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Emanuel KS, Kellner LJ, Peters MJM, Haartmans MJJ, Hooijmans MT, Emans PJ. The relation between the biochemical composition of knee articular cartilage and quantitative MRI: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:650-662. [PMID: 34826570 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early and non-invasive detection of osteoarthritis (OA) is required to enable early treatment and monitoring of interventions. Some of the earliest signs of OA are the change in proteoglycan and collagen composition. The aim of this study is to establish the relations between quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biochemical concentration and organization in knee articular cartilage. METHODS A preregistered systematic literature review was performed using the databases PubMed and Embase. Papers were included if quantitative MRI and a biochemical assay or polarized light microscopy (PLM) was performed on knee articular cartilage, and a quantified correlation was described. The extracted correlations were pooled using a random effects model. RESULTS 21 papers were identified. The strongest pooled correlation was found for delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) vs proteoglycan concentration (r = 0.59). T1ρ relaxation times are inversely correlated to proteoglycan concentration (r = -0.54). A weak correlation between T2 relaxation times and proteoglycans was found (r = -0.38). No correlation between T2 relaxation time and collagen concentration was found (r = -0.02). A heterogeneous set of correlations between T2 relaxation times and PLM were identified, including strong correlations to anisotropy. CONCLUSION DGEMRIC measures are significantly correlated to proteoglycan concentration. The needed contrast agent is however a disadvantage; the T1ρ sequence was found as a non-invasive alternative. Remarkably, no correlation was found between T2 relaxation times and collagen concentration. T2 relaxation times is related to organization, rather than concentration of collagen fibers. PROSPERO ID CRD42020168337.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Emanuel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - L J Kellner
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - M J M Peters
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - M J J Haartmans
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - M T Hooijmans
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - P J Emans
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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27
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Jerban S, Ma Y, Afsahi AM, Lombardi A, Wei Z, Shen M, Wu M, Le N, Chang DG, Chung CB, Du J, Chang EY. Lower Macromolecular Content in Tendons of Female Patients with Osteoporosis versus Patients with Osteopenia Detected by Ultrashort Echo Time (UTE) MRI. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:1061. [PMID: 35626217 PMCID: PMC9140093 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendons and bones comprise a special interacting unit where mechanical, biochemical, and metabolic interplays are continuously in effect. Bone loss in osteoporosis (OPo) and its earlier stage disease, osteopenia (OPe), may be coupled with a reduction in tendon quality. Noninvasive means for quantitatively evaluating tendon quality during disease progression may be critically important for the improvement of characterization and treatment optimization in patients with bone mineral density disorders. Though clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences are not typically capable of directly visualizing tendons, ultrashort echo time MRI (UTE-MRI) is able to acquire a high signal from tendons. Magnetization transfer (MT) modeling combined with UTE-MRI (i.e., UTE-MT-modeling) can indirectly assess macromolecular proton content in tendons. This study aimed to determine whether UTE-MT-modeling could detect differences in tendon quality across a spectrum of bone health. The lower legs of 14 OPe (72 ± 6 years) and 31 OPo (73 ± 6 years) female patients, as well as 30 female participants with normal bone (Normal-Bone, 36 ± 19 years), are imaged using UTE sequences on a 3T MRI scanner. Institutional review board approval is obtained for the study, and all recruited subjects provided written informed consent. A T1 measurement and UTE-MT-modeling are performed on the anterior tibialis tendon (ATT), posterior tibialis tendon (PTT), and the proximal Achilles tendon (PAT) of all subjects. The macromolecular fraction (MMF) is estimated as the main measure from UTE-MT-modeling. The mean MMF in all the investigated tendons was significantly lower in OPo patients compared with the Normal-Bone cohort (mean difference of 24.2%, p < 0.01), with the largest Normal-Bone vs. OPo difference observed in the ATT (mean difference of 32.1%, p < 0.01). Average MMF values of all the studied tendons are significantly lower in the OPo cohort compared with the OPe cohort (mean difference 16.8%, p = 0.02). Only the PPT shows significantly higher T1 values in OPo patients compared with the Normal-Bone cohort (mean difference 17.6%, p < 0.01). Considering the differences between OPo and OPe groups with similar age ranges, tendon deterioration associated with declining bone health was found to be larger than a priori detected differences caused purely by aging, highlighting UTE-MT MRI techniques as useful methods in assessing tendon quality over the course of progressive bone weakening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (Y.M.); (A.M.A.); (A.L.); (Z.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (N.L.); (C.B.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (Y.M.); (A.M.A.); (A.L.); (Z.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (N.L.); (C.B.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Amir Masoud Afsahi
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (Y.M.); (A.M.A.); (A.L.); (Z.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (N.L.); (C.B.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Alecio Lombardi
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (Y.M.); (A.M.A.); (A.L.); (Z.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (N.L.); (C.B.C.); (J.D.)
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Zhao Wei
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (Y.M.); (A.M.A.); (A.L.); (Z.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (N.L.); (C.B.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Meghan Shen
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (Y.M.); (A.M.A.); (A.L.); (Z.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (N.L.); (C.B.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Mei Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (Y.M.); (A.M.A.); (A.L.); (Z.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (N.L.); (C.B.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Nicole Le
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (Y.M.); (A.M.A.); (A.L.); (Z.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (N.L.); (C.B.C.); (J.D.)
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Douglas G. Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Christine B. Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (Y.M.); (A.M.A.); (A.L.); (Z.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (N.L.); (C.B.C.); (J.D.)
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (Y.M.); (A.M.A.); (A.L.); (Z.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (N.L.); (C.B.C.); (J.D.)
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Eric Y. Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (Y.M.); (A.M.A.); (A.L.); (Z.W.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (N.L.); (C.B.C.); (J.D.)
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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28
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Zhao H, Li H, Liang S, Wang X, Yang F. T2 mapping for knee cartilage degeneration in young patients with mild symptoms. BMC Med Imaging 2022; 22:72. [PMID: 35436880 PMCID: PMC9017029 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-022-00799-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to analyze the distribution of knee cartilage degeneration in young patients with mild symptoms using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 mapping. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included sixty six patients (case group) and twenty eight healthy volunteers (control group). The participants underwent 3.0 T conventional MRI plus a multi-echo sequence. The cartilage of each participant was divided into twenty eight subregions. We then calculated the T2 mean values and standard deviation or median and quartile range for each subregion according to whether the normal distribution was satisfied. Besides, we employed Kruskal-Wallis test to determine the statistical differences of each subregion in the control group while the Mann-Whitney U test was used to define the statistical difference between the case group and the control group and between the control group and subjects aged less than or equal to 35 years in the case group. RESULTS In the case group, age of 30 male patients was 31.5 ± 9.3 and age of 36 female patients was 35.7 ± 8.3. In the two groups, the superficial central lateral femoral region exhibited relatively high T2 values (control/case group: 49.6 ± 2.7/55.9 ± 8.8), and the deep medial patellar region exhibited relatively low T2 values (control/case group: 34.2 ± 1.3/33.5(32.2, 35.5)). Comparison of the T2 values between the case and the control group demonstrated a statistically significant increase in nine subregions (P1 < 0.05) and there were five subregions in the case group with age ≤ 35 years (P2 < 0.05). In particular, the p-values for four subregions of the patellofemoral joint were all less than 0.05 (P1 = 0.002, 0.015, 0.036, 0.005). CONCLUSION T2 values of patients were significantly different with values of healthy groups, especially in the superficial cartilage of the patellofemoral joint. It made T2 mapping helpful to early identify patients with knee cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, No. 5, South Seven West Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110024, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongqiu Li
- The 2Th Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, No. 5, South Seven West Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110024, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuo Liang
- Department of Radiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, No. 5, South Seven West Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110024, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Radiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, No. 5, South Seven West Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110024, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Radiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, No. 5, South Seven West Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110024, Liaoning, China.
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29
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Shao H, Yang J, Ma Y, Su X, Tang G, Jiang J, Du J, Liu J. Evaluation of cartilage degeneration using multiparametric quantitative ultrashort echo time-based MRI: an ex vivo study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:1738-1749. [PMID: 35284286 PMCID: PMC8899946 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quantitative MR techniques developed rapidly, vary MR-biomarkers have shown the ability to assess the quality of articular cartilage. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of multi-parametric quantitative ultrashort echo time (UTE)-based MRI for evaluating human cartilage degeneration. METHODS Twenty fresh anterolateral femoral condyle samples were obtained from 20 patients (age, 58.8±6.6 years; 6 females) who underwent total knee arthroplasty due to primary osteoarthritis (OA). The samples were imaged using UTE-based magnetization transfer (UTE-MT), UTE-based adiabatic T1ρ (UTE-AdiabT1ρ), UTE-based T2* (UTE-T2*), and CubeQuant-T2 sequences. Cartilage degeneration was classified based on the OA Research Society International grade and polarized light microscopy (PLM) collagen organization score. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships between quantitative MRI biomarkers [UTE-MT ratio (UTE-MTR), UTE-AdiabT1ρ, UTE-T2*, and CubeQuant-T2], OA Research Society International grade, and PLM collagen organization score. The diagnostic efficacy of each MRI biomarker for the detection of mild cartilage degeneration was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). RESULTS Of the quantitative MRI biomarkers, UTE-MTR had the strongest correlation with both OA Research Society International grade (r=-0.709, P<0.001) and PLM collagen organization score (r=0.579, P<0.001). The UTE-MTR and UTE-AdiabT1ρ values showed significant differences between the normal group and the mild degeneration group (P=0.047 and 0.015, respectively), while UTE-T2* and CubeQuant-T2 did not. The UTE-MTR values were 15.90%±1.06% and 14.59%±1.35% for normal and mildly degenerated cartilage, respectively. The UTE-AdiabT1ρ values were 40.19±2.87 and 42.6±2.26 ms for normal and mildly degenerated cartilage, respectively. ROC analysis showed that UTE-MTR (AUC =0.805, P=0.001, sensitivity =73.7%, specificity =89.5%) had the highest diagnostic efficacy for mild cartilage degeneration, while UTE-AdiabT1ρ (AUC =0.727, P=0.017) and CubeQuant-T2 (AUC =0.712, P=0.026) showed lower diagnostic efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative UTE-MT and UTE-AdiabT1ρ biomarkers may potentially be used in the evaluation of early cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Shao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Xiaolian Su
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Jingjiang, Jingjiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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30
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Jerban S, Hananouchi T, Ma Y, Namiranian B, Dorthe EW, Wong JH, Shojaeiadib N, Wu M, Du J, D’Lima D, Chung CB, Chang EY. Correlation between the elastic modulus of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and quantitative ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2330-2339. [PMID: 35092077 PMCID: PMC9332184 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often acquires no signal in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) due to the short apparent transverse relaxation time of ACL. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI is capable of imaging ACL with high signal which enables quantitative ACL assessment. This study aimed to investigate the correlations of the mechanical and microstructural properties of human ACL specimens with quantitative three-dimensional UTE Cones (3D-UTE-Cones) MRI measures. ACL specimens were harvested from cadaveric knee joints of 13 (50.9 ± 21.1 years old, 11 males and 2 female) donors. Specimens were scanned using a series of quantitative 3D-UTE-Cones T2 * (UTE-T2 *), T1 (UTE-T1 ), Adiabatic T1ρ (UTE-Adiab-T1ρ ), and magnetization transfer (UTE-MT) sequences in a wrist coil on a clinical 3T scanner. ACL elastic modulus was measured using a uniaxial tensile mechanical test. Histomorphometry analysis was performed to measure the average fascicle specific surface, fascicle size, and number of cells per unit area. Spearman's rank correlations of UTE-MRI biomarkers with mechanical and histomorphometry measures were investigated. The elastic modulus of ACL showed significant moderate correlations with UTE-Adiab-T1ρ (R = -0.59, p = 0.01), macromolecular fraction from MT modeling (R = 0.54, p = 0.01), magnetization transfer ratio (R = 0.53, p = 0.01), UTE-T2* (R = -0.53, p = 0.01), and average fascicle specific surface (R = 0.54, p = 0.01). UTE-MRI showed nonsignificant correlations with histomorphometry measures. UTE-MRI biomarkers may be useful noninvasive tools for the ACL mechanical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California San
Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA,Corresponding author: Darryl
D’Lima, Shiley Center for Orthopedic Research and Education at
Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, ,
Phone: +1 858 554 7011, Fax: +1 858 554 7011; Eric Y. Chang,
Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive,
San Diego, CA 92161, USA, , Phone: +1 858 246
2248, Fax: +1 888 960 5922;Saeed Jerban, Department of Radiology,
University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,
, Phone: +1 858 246 2248, Fax: +1 888 960
5922
| | - Takehito Hananouchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka Sangyo
University, Daito, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California San
Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Behnam Namiranian
- Department of Radiology, University of California San
Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Erik W. Dorthe
- Shiley Center for Orthopedic Research and Education at
Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Wong
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San
Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | | | - Mei Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of California San
Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California San
Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Darryl D’Lima
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka Sangyo
University, Daito, Osaka, Japan,Corresponding author: Darryl
D’Lima, Shiley Center for Orthopedic Research and Education at
Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, ,
Phone: +1 858 554 7011, Fax: +1 858 554 7011; Eric Y. Chang,
Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive,
San Diego, CA 92161, USA, , Phone: +1 858 246
2248, Fax: +1 888 960 5922;Saeed Jerban, Department of Radiology,
University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,
, Phone: +1 858 246 2248, Fax: +1 888 960
5922
| | - Christine B. Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California San
Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eric Y. Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San
Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA,Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San
Diego, CA 92161, USA,Corresponding author: Darryl
D’Lima, Shiley Center for Orthopedic Research and Education at
Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, ,
Phone: +1 858 554 7011, Fax: +1 858 554 7011; Eric Y. Chang,
Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive,
San Diego, CA 92161, USA, , Phone: +1 858 246
2248, Fax: +1 888 960 5922;Saeed Jerban, Department of Radiology,
University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,
, Phone: +1 858 246 2248, Fax: +1 888 960
5922
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31
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Afsahi AM, Sedaghat S, Moazamian D, Afsahi G, Athertya JS, Jang H, Ma YJ. Articular Cartilage Assessment Using Ultrashort Echo Time MRI: A Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:892961. [PMID: 35692400 PMCID: PMC9178905 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.892961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is a major component of the human knee joint which may be affected by a variety of degenerative mechanisms associated with joint pathologies and/or the aging process. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences with a TE less than 100 µs are capable of detecting signals from both fast- and slow-relaxing water protons in cartilage. This allows comprehensive evaluation of all the cartilage layers, especially for the short T2 layers which include the deep and calcified zones. Several ultrashort echo time (UTE) techniques have recently been developed for both morphological imaging and quantitative cartilage assessment. This review article summarizes the current catalog techniques based on UTE Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) that have been utilized for such purposes in the human knee joint, such as T1, T2∗ , T1ρ, magnetization transfer (MT), double echo steady state (DESS), quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and inversion recovery (IR). The contrast mechanisms as well as the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Masoud Afsahi
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sam Sedaghat
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Dina Moazamian
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ghazaleh Afsahi
- Department of Biotechnology Research, BioSapien, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jiyo S. Athertya
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ya-Jun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ya-Jun Ma,
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32
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Afsahi AM, Ma Y, Jang H, Jerban S, Chung CB, Chang EY, Du J. Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques: Met and Unmet Needs in Musculoskeletal Imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 55:1597-1612. [PMID: 34962335 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article summarizes recent technical developments in ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging of musculoskeletal (MSK) tissues with short-T2 relaxation times. A series of contrast mechanisms are discussed for high-contrast morphological imaging of short-T2 MSK tissues including the osteochondral junction, menisci, ligaments, tendons, and bone. Quantitative UTE mapping of T1, T2*, T1ρ, adiabatic T1ρ, magnetization transfer ratio, MT modeling of macromolecular proton fraction, quantitative susceptibility mapping, and water content is also introduced. Met and unmet needs in MSK imaging are discussed. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Masoud Afsahi
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Christine B Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
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33
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Badar F, Xia Y. The interface region between articular cartilage and bone by μMRI and PLM at microscopic resolutions. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:1483-1493. [PMID: 34859542 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This dual-modality microscopic imaging study quantifies the interface region between the noncalcified cartilage and the subchondral bone plate, which includes the deep portion of the noncalcified articular cartilage and the zone of calcified cartilage (ZCC). This interface region is typically not visible in routine MRI but becomes visible in MRI with the application of an ultra-short echo time (UTE) sequence. A number of cartilage-bone blocks from a well-documented canine humeral head were harvested for imaging by microscopic MRI (μMRI) and PLM (polarized light microscopy). In μMRI, T2 anisotropic images were acquired by 2D gradient-echo, magnetization-prepared spin-echo and UTE sequences at the 0° and 55° (the magic angle) orientations at 11.7 μm/pixel resolution. In PLM, quantitative optical retardation (nm) and collagen orientation (°) were mapped from the thin sections from the same μMRI specimens at 0.5-2 μm pixel resolutions. The orientational and organizational architecture of the collagen matrix in this interface region was quantified and correlated between the complementary imaging. The magic angle effect as seen in the noncalcified cartilage was statistically confirmed in ZCC in μMRI, which was further supported by quantitative PLM. With an enhanced understanding of the tissue properties in this important interface region, it will potentially be possible to monitor the changes of this tissue region which is instrumental to the initiation and development of osteoarthritis and other joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Badar
- Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
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Fernquest S, Palmer A, Pereira C, Arnold C, Hirons E, Broomfield J, Newman S, Glyn-Jones S. The Response of Hip Joint Cartilage to Exercise in Children: An MRI Study Using T2-Mapping. Cartilage 2021; 13:1761S-1771S. [PMID: 32532161 PMCID: PMC8808918 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520931182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effects of activity and cam morphology on cartilage composition during adolescence and investigate the development of cartilage composition with age. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational cohort study of individuals from football club academies and an age-matched control population, aged 9 to 18 years. Assessments included questionnaires and T2-mapping of hips. Primary imaging outcome measures were T2 relaxation time of acetabular and femoral cartilage, average alpha angle, and lateral epiphyseal extension. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 109 elite male footballers, 49 male controls, and 51 female controls. Elite male footballers had an acetabular cartilage T2 value 4.85 ms greater than male controls (P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation existed between Physical Activity Questionnaire Score and acetabular cartilage T2 value (coefficient 1.07, P < 0.001) and femoral cartilage T2 value (coefficient 0.66, P = 0.032). Individuals with a closed physis had an acetabular cartilage T2 value 7.86 ms less than individuals with an open physis. Acetabular cartilage T2 values decreased with age in elite footballers. No correlation existed between alpha angle and anterosuperior acetabular cartilage T2 value and no difference in T2 value existed between individuals with and without cam morphology. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that high activity levels may significantly affect acetabular cartilage composition during adolescence, but cam morphology may not detrimentally affect cartilage composition until after adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Fernquest
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Scott Fernquest, Botnar Research Centre,
Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences,
University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Antony Palmer
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claudio Pereira
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Calum Arnold
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Hirons
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John Broomfield
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Newman
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sion Glyn-Jones
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University
of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Jerban S, Kasibhatla A, Ma Y, Wu M, Chen Y, Guo T, Wan L, Szeverenyi N, Chang EY, Du J. Detecting Articular Cartilage and Meniscus Deformation Effects Using Magnetization Transfer Ultrashort Echo Time (MT-UTE) Modeling during Mechanical Load Application: Ex Vivo Feasibility Study. Cartilage 2021; 13:665S-673S. [PMID: 33289401 PMCID: PMC8808840 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520976771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences have improved imaging of short T2 musculoskeletal (MSK) tissues. UTE-MRI combined with magnetization transfer modeling (UTE-MT) has demonstrated robust assessment of MSK tissues. This study aimed to investigate the variation of UTE-MT measures under mechanical loading in tibiofemoral cartilage and meniscus of cadaveric knee joints. DESIGN Fourteen knee joints from young (n = 8, 42 ± 12 years old) and elderly (n = 6, 89 ± 4 years old) donors were scanned on a 3-T scanner under 3 loading conditions: load = 300 N (Load1), load = 500 N (Load2), and load = 0 N (Unload). UTE-MT sequences were performed at each loading condition. Macromolecular proton fraction (MMF) was calculated from UTE-MT modeling. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to examine the MRI data differences between loading conditions. RESULTS For young donors, MMF increased in all grouped regions of interest (meniscus [M], femoral articular cartilage [FAC], tibial articular cartilage [TAC], articular cartilage regions covered by meniscus [AC-MC], and articular cartilage regions uncovered by meniscus [AC-UC]) when the load increased from 300 to 500 N. The increases in MMF were significant for M (13.3%, P < 0.01) and AC-MC (9.2%, P = 0.04). MMF decreased in all studied regions after unloading, which was significant only for AC-MC (-8.9%, P = 0.01). For elderly donors, MRI parameters did not show significant changes by loading or unloading. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential of the UTE-MT modeling combined with knee loading in differentiating between normal and abnormal knees. Average tissue deformation effects were likely higher and more uniformly distributed in the joints of young donors compared with elderly donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of
California, San Diego, CA, USA,Saeed Jerban, Department of Radiology,
University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Akhil Kasibhatla
- Department of Radiology, University of
California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of
California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mei Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of
California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of
California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tan Guo
- Department of Radiology, University of
California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lidi Wan
- Department of Radiology, University of
California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Eric Y. Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of
California, San Diego, CA, USA,Radiology Service, VA San Diego
Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of
California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Han M, Tibrewala R, Bahroos E, Pedoia V, Majumdar S. Magnetization-prepared spoiled gradient-echo snapshot imaging for efficient measurement of R 2 -R 1ρ in knee cartilage. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:733-745. [PMID: 34590728 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To validate the potential of quantifying R2 -R1ρ using one pair of signals with T1ρ preparation and T2 preparation incorporated to magnetization-prepared angle-modulated partitioned k-space spoiled gradient-echo snapshots (MAPSS) acquisition and to find an optimal preparation time (Tprep ) for in vivo knee MRI. METHODS Bloch equation simulations were first performed to assess the accuracy of quantifying R2 -R1ρ using T1ρ - and T2 -prepared signals with an equivalent Tprep . For validation of this technique in comparison to the conventional approach that calculates R2 -R1ρ after estimating both T2 and T1ρ , phantom experiments and in vivo validation with five healthy subjects and five osteoarthritis patients were performed at a clinical 3T scanner. RESULTS Bloch equation simulations demonstrated that the accuracy of this efficient R2 -R1ρ quantification method and the optimal Tprep can be affected by image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and tissue relaxation times, but quantification can be closest to the reference with an around 25 ms Tprep for knee cartilage. Phantom experiments demonstrated that the proposed method can depict R2 -R1ρ changes with agarose gel concentration. With in vivo data, significant correlation was observed between cartilage R2 -R1ρ measured from the conventional and the proposed methods, and a Tprep of 25.6 ms provided the most agreement by Bland-Altman analysis. R2 -R1ρ was significantly lower in patients than in healthy subjects for most cartilage compartments. CONCLUSION As a potential biomarker to indicate cartilage degeneration, R2 -R1ρ can be efficiently measured using one pair of T1ρ -prepared and T2 -prepared signals with an optimal Tprep considering cartilage relaxation times and image SNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misung Han
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Radhika Tibrewala
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emma Bahroos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Valentina Pedoia
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sharmila Majumdar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Fernquest S, Palmer A, Gammer B, Hirons E, Kendrick B, Taylor A, De Berker H, Bangerter N, Carr A, Glyn-Jones S. Compositional MRI of the Hip: Reproducibility, Effect of Joint Unloading, and Comparison of T2 Relaxometry with Delayed Gadolinium-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cartilage. Cartilage 2021; 12:418-430. [PMID: 30971110 PMCID: PMC8461155 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519841670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to compare T2 with delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) in the hip and assess the reproducibility and effect of joint unloading on T2 mapping. DESIGN Ten individuals at high risk of developing hip osteoarthritis (SibKids) underwent contemporaneous T2 mapping and dGEMRIC in the hip (10 hips). Twelve healthy volunteers underwent T2 mapping of both hips (24 hips) at time points 25, 35, 45, and 55 minutes post offloading. Acetabular and femoral cartilage was manually segmented into regions of interest. The relationship between T2 and dGEMRIC values from anatomically corresponding regions of interests was quantified using Pearson's correlation. The reproducibility of image analysis for T2 and dGEMRIC, and reproducibility of image acquisition for T2, was quantified using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), root mean square coefficient of variance (RMSCoV), smallest detectable difference (SDD), and Bland-Altman plots. The paired t test was used to determine if difference existed in T2 values at different unloading times. RESULTS T2 values correlated most strongly with dGEMRIC values in diseased cartilage (r = -0.61, P = <0.001). T2 image analysis (segmentation) reproducibility was ICC = 0.96 to 0.98, RMSCoV = 3.5% to 5.2%, and SDD = 2.2 to 3.5 ms. T2 values at 25 minutes unloading were not significantly different to longer unloading times (P = 0.132). SDD for T2 image acquisition reproducibility was 7.1 to 7.4 ms. CONCLUSIONS T2 values in the hip correlate well with dGEMRIC in areas of cartilage damage. T2 shows high reproducibility and values do not change beyond 25 minutes of joint unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Fernquest
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Scott Fernquest, Botnar Research Centre, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Antony Palmer
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bonnie Gammer
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Hirons
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Kendrick
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian Taylor
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Henry De Berker
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neal Bangerter
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Andrew Carr
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sion Glyn-Jones
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Furman G, Goren S, Meerovich V, Panich A, Sokolovsky V, Xia Y. Anisotropy of transverse and longitudinal relaxations in liquids entrapped in nano- and micro-cavities of a plant stem. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 331:107051. [PMID: 34455368 PMCID: PMC8842490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2021.107051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied the anisotropy of 1H NMR spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxations in a fresh celery stem experimentally and modeled the sample theoretically as the water-containing nano- and micro-cavities. The angular dependence of the spin-lattice and the spin-spin relaxation times was obtained, which clearly shows the presence of water-filled nano- and micro-cavities in the celery stem, which have elongated shapes and are related to non-spherical vascular cells in the stem. To explain the experimental data, we applied the relaxation theory developed by us and used previously to interpret similar effects in liquids in nanocavities located in biological tissues such as cartilages and tendons. Good agreement between the experimental data and theoretical results was obtained by adjusting the fitting parameters. The obtained values of standard deviations (0.33 for the mean polar angle and 0.1 for the mean azimuthal angle) indicate a noticeable ordering of the water-filled nano- and micro-cavities in the celery stem. Our approach allows the use of the NMR technique to experimentally determine the order parameters of the microscopic vascular structures in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Furman
- Physics Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Shaul Goren
- Physics Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Victor Meerovich
- Physics Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexander Panich
- Physics Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Yang Xia
- Physics Department, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, US
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Macromolecular fraction (MMF) from 3D ultrashort echo time cones magnetization transfer (3D UTE-Cones-MT) imaging predicts meniscal degeneration and knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1173-1180. [PMID: 33882334 PMCID: PMC8971054 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meniscal degeneration is strongly associated with osteoarthritis (OA). We aimed to evaluate a 3D ultrashort-echo-time Cones magnetization transfer (UTE-Cones-MT) sequence for quantification of macromolecular fraction (MMF) and MT ratio (MTR) in menisci of healthy volunteers and patients with different degrees of OA. METHODS Patients with mild OA (n = 19; 37-86 years; 10 males) or advanced OA (n = 12; 52-88 years; 4 males) and healthy volunteers (n = 17; 20-49 years; 7 males) were scanned with T2-FSE and UTE-Cones-MT sequences at 3T. Morphological assessment was performed using meniscal whole-organ magnetic resonance imaging score (WORMS). MMF and MTR were calculated for menisci, and correlated with age and meniscal WORMS scores. The diagnostic efficiency was performed by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) analyses. RESULTS Decreased MMF and MTR were observed in menisci of patients with mild or advanced OA compared with healthy subjects, and in menisci with tears (Grade 2-4) compared with normal menisci (Grade 0). Significant negative correlations were observed between MMF (r = -0.769, P < 0.01), MTR (r = -0.320, P < 0.01), and meniscal WORMS score. There was a mild negative correlation between MMF (r = -0.438, P < 0.01), MTR (r = -0.289, P < 0.01), and age. The AUC values of MMF and MTR in the four horns of meniscus and the posterior horn medial meniscus for differentiating OA patients from healthy volunteers were 0.762 and 0.699, and 0.835 and 0.883, respectively. CONCLUSION The 3D UTE-Cones-MT biomarkers of MTR and especially MMF can detect compositional changes in meniscus and differentiate healthy subjects from patients with mild or advanced knee OA.
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Jerban S, Ma Y, Kasibhatla A, Wu M, Szeverenyi N, Guma M, Covey D, D'lima D, Ward SR, Sah RL, Chang EY, Du J, Chung CB. Ultrashort echo time adiabatic T 1ρ (UTE-Adiab-T 1ρ) is sensitive to human cadaveric knee joint deformation induced by mechanical loading and unloading. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 80:98-105. [PMID: 33945858 PMCID: PMC10858706 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI sequences has led to improved imaging of tissues with short T2 relaxation times, such as the deep layer cartilage and meniscus. UTE combined with adiabatic T1ρ preparation (UTE-Adiab-T1ρ) is an MRI measure with low sensitivity to the magic angle effect. This study aimed to investigate the sensitivity of UTE-Adiab-T1ρ to mechanical load-induced deformations in the tibiofemoral cartilage and meniscus of human cadaveric knee joints. METHODS Eight knee joints from young (42 ± 12 years at death) donors were evaluated on a 3 T scanner using the UTE-Adiab-T1ρ sequence under four sequential loading conditions: load = 0 N (Load0), load = 300 N (Load1), load = 500 N (Load2), and load = 0 N (Unload). UTE-Adiab-T1ρ was measured in the meniscus (M), femoral articular cartilage (FAC), tibial articular cartilage (TAC), articular cartilage regions uncovered by meniscus (AC-UC), and articular cartilage regions covered by meniscus (AC-MC) within region of interests (ROIs) manually selected by an experienced MR scientist. The Kruskal-Wallis test, with corrected significance level for multiple comparisons, was used to examine the UTE-Adiab-T1ρ differences between different loading conditions. RESULTS UTE-Adiab-T1ρ decreased in all grouped ROIs under both Load1 and Load2 conditions (-18.7% and - 16.9% for M, -18.8% and - 12.6% for FAC, -21.4% and - 10.7% for TAC, -26.2% and - 13.9% for AC-UC, and - 16.9% and - 10.7% for AC-MC). After unloading, average UTE-Adiab-T1ρ increased across all ROIs and within a lower range compared with the average UTE-Adiab-T1ρ decreases induced by the two previous loading conditions. The loading-induced differences were statistically non-significant. CONCLUSIONS While UTE-Adiab-T1ρ reduction by loading is likely an indication of tissue deformation, the increase of UTE-Adiab-T1ρ within a lower range by unloading implies partial tissue restoration. This study highlights the UTE-Adiab-T1ρ technique as an imaging marker of tissue function for detecting deformation patterns under loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Akhil Kasibhatla
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mei Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Monica Guma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dana Covey
- Orthopaedic Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Darryl D'lima
- Shiley Center for Orthopedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, CA, USA
| | - Samuel R Ward
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert L Sah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christine B Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Wu M, Chung CB, Du J. Editorial for "Association Between T2* Relaxation Times Derived from Ultrashort Echo Time MRI and Symptoms During Exercise Therapy for Patellar Tendinopathy: A Large Prospective Study". J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:1606-1607. [PMID: 34056786 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wu
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christine B Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Pang Y, Palmieri-Smith RM, Maerz T. An efficient R 1ρ dispersion imaging method for human knee cartilage using constant magnetization prepared turbo-FLASH. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4500. [PMID: 33675138 PMCID: PMC8122047 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to develop an efficient R1ρ dispersion imaging method for clinical studies of human knee cartilage at 3 T. Eight constant magnetizations (Mprep ) were prepared by tailoring both the duration and amplitude (ω1 ) of a fully refocused spin-lock preparation pulse. The limited Mprep dynamic range was expanded by the measure, equivalent to that with ω1 = ∞, from the magic angle location in the deep femoral cartilage. The developed protocol with Mprep = 60% was demonstrated on one subject's bilateral and two subjects' unilateral asymptomatic knees. The repeatability of the proposed protocol was estimated by two repeated scans with a three-month gap for the last two subjects. The synthetic R1ρ and R2 derived from R1ρ dispersions were compared with the published references using state-of-the-art R1ρ and R2 mapping (MAPSS). The proposed protocol demonstrated good (<5%) repeatability quantified by the intra- and intersubject coefficients of variation in the femoral and tibial cartilage. The synthetic R1ρ (1/s) and the references were comparable in the femoral (23.0 ± 5.3 versus 24.1 ± 3.8, P = 0.67) and the tibial (29.1 ± 8.8 versus 27.1 ± 5.1, P = 0.62), but not the patellar (16.5 ± 4.9 versus 22.7 ± 1.6, P < 0.01) cartilage. The same trends were also observed for the current and the previous R2 . In conclusion, the developed R1ρ dispersion imaging scheme has been revealed to be not only efficient but also robust for clinical studies of human knee cartilage at 3 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Pang
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Riann M. Palmieri-Smith
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tristan Maerz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Zhang M, Li Y, Feng R, Wang Z, Wang W, Zheng N, Wang S, Yan F, Lu Y, Tsai TY, Wei H. Change in Susceptibility Values in Knee Cartilage After Marathon Running Measured Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:1585-1593. [PMID: 34031930 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has been used to study the magnetic susceptibility properties of collagen fibers in articular cartilage; however, it is unclear whether QSM is sensitive to changes due to degradation caused by long-distance running. It is clinically important to understand the link between long-distance running and microstructural changes in knee cartilage. PURPOSE To investigate the ability of QSM to assess microstructural changes within cartilage after repetitive loading. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Thirteen recreational, male long-distance runners. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Three-dimensional gradient recalled echo acquired at 3 T. ASSESSMENT Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3D kinematics (translations and rotations during treadmill walking and running) of the knee joint were collected before and after marathon running. The compartments for analysis included the patella, trochlea, and subregions of femoral and tibial cartilage. Changes in regional susceptibility and cartilage thickness were calculated after marathon running. A susceptibility profile was obtained by fitting susceptibility as a function of the normalized depth of cartilage from the superficial to deep layers. STATISTICAL TESTS Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, 95% confidence interval (CI) of the depth-wise susceptibility profile, Pearson correlation or Spearman correlation. RESULTS There was a statistically significant increase in susceptibility value in the weight-bearing region of central medial femoral cartilage (cMF-c) after marathon running (pre-marathon: -0.0219 ± 0.0151 ppm, post-marathon: -0.0070 ± 0.0213 ppm, P < 0.05), while the cartilage thickness did not show significant changes in any regions (P-value range: 0.068-0.963). Significant susceptibility elevations occurred in the middle and deep layers of cMF-c (95% CIs did not overlap). A trend toward a positive correlation was found between the changes in susceptibility value in cMF-c and proximal-distal translation of the knee joint during walking (r = 0.55, P = 0.101) and running (r = 0.57, P = 0.089). DATA CONCLUSION Localized magnetic susceptibility alterations were observed within knee cartilage in the weight-bearing area after repetitive loading without any morphologic changes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruimin Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongzheng Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjin Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaobai Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Radiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tsung-Yuan Tsai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Xue YP, Ma YJ, Wu M, Jerban S, Wei Z, Chang EY, Du J. Quantitative 3D Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetization Transfer Imaging for Evaluation of Knee Cartilage Degeneration In Vivo. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:1294-1302. [PMID: 33894091 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that macromolecular fraction (MMF) derived from three-dimensional ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer (UTE-MT) imaging is insensitive to the magic angle effect. However, its clinical use in osteoarthritis (OA) remains to be investigated. PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of 3D UTE-MT-derived MMF in differentiating normal from degenerated cartilage. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Sixty-two participants (54.8 ± 16.7 years, 30 females) with and without OA, plus two healthy volunteers (mean age 35.0 years) for reproducibility test. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3 T/UTE-MT sequence. ASSESSMENT A 3D UTE-MT sequence was employed to calculate MMF based on a two-pool model. Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade and Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) were evaluated by three experienced musculoskeletal radiologists. KL grade was condensed into three groups: KL0, KL1-2, and KL3-4. WORMS was regrouped based on extent of lesion (extent group) and depth of lesion (depth group), respectively. The performance of MMF at evaluating the degeneration of cartilage was assessed via Spearman's correlation coefficient and the area under the curve (AUC) calculated according to the receiver-operating characteristic curve. STATISTICAL TESTS After normality check, one-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the performance. Tukey-Kramer test was performed for post hoc testing. RESULTS MMF showed significant negative correlations with KL grade (r = -0.53, P < 0.05) and WORMS (r = -0.49, P < 0.05). Significantly lower MMFs were found in subjects with greater KL grade (11.8 ± 0.8% for KL0; 10.9 ± 0.9% for KL1-2; 10.6 ± 1.1% for KL3-4; P < 0.05) and in cartilage with greater extent (12.1 ± 1.6% for normal cartilage; 10.9 ± 1.6% for regional lesions; 9.6 ± 1.7% for diffuse lesions; P < 0.05) and depth (12.1 ± 1.6% for normal cartilage; 10.6 ± 1.6% for partial-thickness lesions; 8.8 ± 1.7% for full-thickness lesions; P < 0.05) of lesions. AUC values of MMF for doubtful-minimal OA (KL1-2) and mild cartilage degradation (WORMS1-2) were 0.8 and 0.7, respectively. DATA CONCLUSION This study highlights the clinical potential of MMF in the detection of early OA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Xue
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ya-Jun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mei Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zhao Wei
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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45
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Hänninen NE, Nykänen O, Prakash M, Hanni M, Nieminen MT, Nissi MJ. Orientation anisotropy of quantitative MRI parameters in degenerated human articular cartilage. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:861-870. [PMID: 32543737 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) relaxation parameters demonstrate varying sensitivity to the orientation of the ordered tissues in the magnetic field. In this study, the orientation dependence of multiple relaxation parameters was assessed in cadaveric human cartilage with varying degree of natural degeneration, and compared with biomechanical testing, histological scoring, and quantitative histology. Twelve patellar cartilage samples were imaged at 9.4 T MRI with multiple relaxation parameters, including T1 , T2 , CW - T1ρ , and adiabatic T1ρ , at three different orientations with respect to the main magnetic field. Anisotropy of the relaxation parameters was quantified, and the results were compared with the reference measurements and between samples of different histological Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) grades. T2 and CW - T1ρ at 400 Hz spin-lock demonstrated the clearest anisotropy patterns. Radial zone anisotropy for T2 was significantly higher for samples with OARSI grade 2 than for grade 4. The proteoglycan content (measured as optical density) correlated with the radial zone MRI orientation anisotropy for T2 (r = 0.818) and CW - T1ρ with 400 Hz spin-lock (r = 0.650). Orientation anisotropy of MRI parameters altered with progressing cartilage degeneration. This is associated with differences in the integrity of the collagen fiber network, but it also seems to be related to the proteoglycan content of the cartilage. Samples with advanced OA had great variation in all biomechanical and histological properties and exhibited more variation in MRI orientation anisotropy than the less degenerated samples. Understanding the background of relaxation anisotropy on a molecular level would help to develop new MRI contrasts and improve the application of previously established quantitative relaxation contrasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Elina Hänninen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Nykänen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mithilesh Prakash
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Hanni
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Miika Tapio Nieminen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko Johannes Nissi
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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46
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Linka K, Thüring J, Rieppo L, Aydin RC, Cyron CJ, Kuhl C, Merhof D, Truhn D, Nebelung S. Machine learning-augmented and microspectroscopy-informed multiparametric MRI for the non-invasive prediction of articular cartilage composition. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:592-602. [PMID: 33545330 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Articular cartilage degeneration is the hallmark change of osteoarthritis, a severely disabling disease with high prevalence and considerable socioeconomic and individual burden. Early, potentially reversible cartilage degeneration is characterized by distinct changes in cartilage composition and ultrastructure, while the tissue's morphology remains largely unaltered. Hence, early degenerative changes may not be diagnosed by clinical standard diagnostic tools. METHODS Against this background, this study introduces a novel method to determine the tissue composition non-invasively. Our method involves quantitative MRI parameters (i.e., T1, T1ρ, T2 and [Formula: see text] maps), compositional reference measurements (i.e., microspectroscopically determined local proteoglycan [PG] and collagen [CO] contents) and machine learning techniques (i.e., artificial neural networks [ANNs] and multivariate linear models [MLMs]) on 17 histologically grossly intact human cartilage samples. RESULTS Accuracy and precision were higher in ANN-based predictions than in MLM-based predictions and moderate-to-strong correlations were found between measured and predicted compositional parameters. CONCLUSION Once trained for the clinical setting, advanced machine learning techniques, in particular ANNs, may be used to non-invasively determine compositional features of cartilage based on quantitative MRI parameters with potential implications for the diagnosis of (early) degeneration and for the monitoring of therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Linka
- Institute of Continuum and Materials Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany.
| | - J Thüring
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
| | - L Rieppo
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - R C Aydin
- Institute of Materials Research, Materials Mechanics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - C J Cyron
- Institute of Continuum and Materials Mechanics, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, 21073, Germany; Institute of Materials Research, Materials Mechanics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - C Kuhl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
| | - D Merhof
- Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
| | - D Truhn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, 52074, Germany; Institute of Imaging and Computer Vision, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
| | - S Nebelung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University of Dusseldorf, 40225, Dusseldorf, Germany.
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Huppertz MS, Schock J, Radke KL, Abrar DB, Post M, Kuhl C, Truhn D, Nebelung S. Longitudinal T2 Mapping and Texture Feature Analysis in the Detection and Monitoring of Experimental Post-Traumatic Cartilage Degeneration. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11030201. [PMID: 33807740 PMCID: PMC8000874 DOI: 10.3390/life11030201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Traumatic cartilage injuries predispose articulating joints to focal cartilage defects and, eventually, posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Current clinical-standard imaging modalities such as morphologic MRI fail to reliably detect cartilage trauma and to monitor associated posttraumatic degenerative changes with oftentimes severe prognostic implications. Quantitative MRI techniques such as T2 mapping are promising in detecting and monitoring such changes yet lack sufficient validation in controlled basic research contexts. Material and Methods: 35 macroscopically intact cartilage samples obtained from total joint replacements were exposed to standardized injurious impaction with low (0.49 J, n = 14) or high (0.98 J, n = 14) energy levels and imaged before and immediately, 24 h, and 72 h after impaction by T2 mapping. Contrast, homogeneity, energy, and variance were quantified as features of texture on each T2 map. Unimpacted controls (n = 7) and histologic assessment served as reference. Results: As a function of impaction energy and time, absolute T2 values, contrast, and variance were significantly increased, while homogeneity and energy were significantly decreased. Conclusion: T2 mapping and texture feature analysis are sensitive diagnostic means to detect and monitor traumatic impaction injuries of cartilage and associated posttraumatic degenerative changes and may be used to assess cartilage after trauma to identify “cartilage at risk”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Sebastian Huppertz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.S.H.); (M.P.); (C.K.); (D.T.)
| | - Justus Schock
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (J.S.); (K.L.R.); (D.B.A.)
| | - Karl Ludger Radke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (J.S.); (K.L.R.); (D.B.A.)
| | - Daniel Benjamin Abrar
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (J.S.); (K.L.R.); (D.B.A.)
| | - Manuel Post
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.S.H.); (M.P.); (C.K.); (D.T.)
| | - Christiane Kuhl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.S.H.); (M.P.); (C.K.); (D.T.)
| | - Daniel Truhn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.S.H.); (M.P.); (C.K.); (D.T.)
| | - Sven Nebelung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Dusseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; (J.S.); (K.L.R.); (D.B.A.)
- Correspondence:
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48
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Ai QYH, Zhang H, Jiang B, So TY, Mo FKF, Qamar S, Chen W, King AD. Test-retest repeatability of T1rho (T1ρ) MR imaging in the head and neck. Eur J Radiol 2020; 135:109489. [PMID: 33395595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE T1rho imaging is a new quantitative MRI sequence for head and neck cancer and the repeatability for this region is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the repeatability of quantitative T1rho imaging in the head and neck. MATERIALS AND METHODS T1rho imaging of the head and neck was prospectively performed in 15 healthy participants on three occasions. Scan 1 and 2 were performed with a time interval of 30 minutes (intra-session) and scan 3 was performed 14 days later (inter-session). T1rho values for normal tissues (parotid glands, palatine tonsils, pterygoid muscles, and tongue) were obtained on each scan. Intra-class coefficients (ICCs), within-subject coefficient of variances (wCoVs), and repeatability coefficient (RCs) of the intra-session scan (scan 1 vs 2) and inter-session scan (scan 1 vs 3) for the normal tissues were calculated. RESULTS The ICCs of T1rho values for normal tissues were almost perfect (0.83-0.97) for intra-session scans and were substantial (0.71-0.80) for inter-session scans. The wCoVs showed a small range (2.46%-3.30%) for intra-session scans, and slightly greater range (3.27%-6.51%) for inter-session scan. The greatest and lowest wCoVs of T1rho were found in the parotid gland and muscles, respectively. The T1rho RCs varied for all tissues between intra- and inter- sessions, and the greatest RC of 10.07 msec was observed for parotid gland on inter-session scan. CONCLUSION T1rho imaging is a repeatable quantitative MRI sequence in the head and neck but variances of T1rho values among tissues should be take into account during analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yong H Ai
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong.
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Baiyan Jiang
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Tiffany Y So
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Frankie K F Mo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Sahrish Qamar
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Weitian Chen
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Ann D King
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
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49
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Brinkhof S, te Moller N, Froeling M, Brommer H, van Weeren R, Ito K, Klomp D. T2* mapping in an equine articular groove model: Visualizing changes in collagen orientation. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:2383-2389. [PMID: 32492207 PMCID: PMC7687204 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
T2* mapping is promising for the evaluation of articular cartilage collagen. In this work, a groove model in a large animal is used as a model for posttraumatic arthritis. We hypothesized that T2* mapping could be employed to differentiate between healthy and (subtly) damaged cartilage. Eight carpal joints were obtained from four adult Shetland ponies that had been included in the groove study. In this model, grooves were surgically created on the proximal articular surface of the intermediate carpal bone (radiocarpal joint) and the radial facet of the third carpal bone (middle carpal joint) by either coarse disruption or sharp incision. After 9 months, T2* mapping of the entire carpal joint was carried out on a 7.0-T whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner by means of a gradient echo multi-echo sequence. Afterwards, assessment of collagen orientation was carried out based on Picrosirius Red-stained histological sections, visualized by polarized light microscopy (PLM). The average T2* relaxation time in grooved samples was lower than in contralateral control sites. Opposite to the grooved areas, the "kissing sites" had a higher average T2* relaxation time than the grooved sites. PLM showed mild changes in orientation of the collagen fibers, particularly around blunt grooves. This work shows that T2* relaxation times are different in healthy cartilage vs (early) damaged cartilage, as induced by the equine groove model. Additionally, the average T2* relaxation times are different in kissing lesions vs the grooved sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Brinkhof
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Nikae te Moller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn Froeling
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Harold Brommer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - René van Weeren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic BiomechanicsEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Dennis Klomp
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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50
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Namiranian B, Jerban S, Ma Y, Dorthe EW, Masoud-Afsahi A, Wong J, Wei Z, Chen Y, D'Lima D, Chang EY, Du J. Assessment of mechanical properties of articular cartilage with quantitative three-dimensional ultrashort echo time (UTE) cones magnetic resonance imaging. J Biomech 2020; 113:110085. [PMID: 33147490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not capable of detecting signal from the deep cartilage due to its short transverse relaxation time (T2). Moreover, several quantitative MRI techniques are significantly influenced by the magic angle effect. The combinations of ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI with magnetization transfer (UTE-MT) and Adiabatic T1ρ (UTE-AdiabT1ρ) imaging allow magic angle-insensitive assessments of all regions of articular cartilage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between quantitative three-dimensional UTE MRI biomarkers and mechanical properties of human tibiofemoral cartilage specimens. In total, 40 human tibiofemoral cartilage specimens were harvested from three male and four female donors (64 ± 18 years old). Cartilage samples were scanned using a series of quantitative 3D UTE Cones T2* (UTE-T2*), T1 (UTE-T1), UTE-AdiabT1ρ, and UTE-MT sequences in a standard knee coil on a clinical 3T scanner. UTE-MT data were acquired with a series of MT powers and frequency offsets to calculate magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), as well as macromolecular fraction (MMF) and macromolecular T2 (T2mm) through modeling. Cartilage stiffness and Hayes elastic modulus were measured using indentation tests. Correlations of 3D UTE Cones MRI measurements in the superficial layer, deep layer, and global regions of interest (ROIs) with mechanical properties were investigated. Cartilage mechanical properties demonstrated highest correlations with UTE measures of the superficial layer of cartilage. AdiabT1ρ, MTR, and MMF in superficial layer ROIs showed significant correlations with Hayes elastic modulus (p < 0.05, R = -0.54, 0.49, and 0.66, respectively). These UTE measures in global ROIs showed significant, though slightly lower, correlations with Hayes elastic modulus (p < 0.05, R = -0.37, 0.52, and 0.60, respectively). Correlations between other UTE MRI measurements (T2*, T1, and T2mm) and mechanical properties were non-significant. The 3D UTE-AdiabT1ρ and UTE-MT sequences were highlighted as promising surrogates for non-invasive assessment of cartilage mechanical properties. MMF from UTE-MT modeling showed the highest correlations with cartilage mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Namiranian
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Erik W Dorthe
- Shiley Center for Orthopedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amir Masoud-Afsahi
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan Wong
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Zhao Wei
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Darryl D'Lima
- Shiley Center for Orthopedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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