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Seki K, Nagasaki M, Yoshino T, Yano M, Kawamoto A, Shimizu O. Radiographical Diagnostic Evaluation of Mandibular Cortical Index Classification and Mandibular Cortical Width in Female Patients Prescribed Antiosteoporosis Medication: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1009. [PMID: 38786307 PMCID: PMC11119882 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is often detected late and becomes severe because of a lack of subjective symptoms. Digital panoramic radiography (DPR) has been reported to be useful for osteoporosis screening based on the morphological classification of the mandibular inferior cortex. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the mandibular cortical index (MCI) in the diagnosis of osteoporosis in a group of patients who were and were not using antiosteoporosis medication (AOM). Three hundred and fifty female patients aged 40 years or older who had DPR imaging performed during a 6-year period from December 2015 to February 2022 met the selection criteria. Two examiners recorded mandibular cortical width and MCI from the images. These results were statistically examined together with the patients' demographic data. Forty-nine patients were using AOM (13 nonbisphosphonate/denosumab and 36 bisphosphonate/denosumab). MCI type 3 was the most common in the AOM group. In the MCI classification, DPR imaging among the AOM group was more sensitive (0.95) than that of the control group. This method of estimating osteoporosis based on MCI classification using DPR images has high sensitivity, especially in patients using AOM, suggesting that this method is useful as a screening test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Seki
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Clinical Education, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
- Division of Dental Education, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Maki Nagasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery I, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (M.N.); (O.S.)
| | - Tona Yoshino
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan;
| | - Mayuko Yano
- Nihon University School of Dentistry Dental Hospital, 1-8-13, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan;
| | - Aki Kawamoto
- Dental Hygienist Section, Nihon University School of Dentistry Dental Hospital, 1-8-13, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan;
| | - Osamu Shimizu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery I, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan; (M.N.); (O.S.)
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Heuchert J, Kozieł S, Spinek AE. Radiomorphometric indices of the mandible as indicators of decreased bone mineral density and osteoporosis - meta-analysis and systematic review. Osteoporos Int 2024; 35:401-412. [PMID: 37870561 PMCID: PMC10867062 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to evaluate the accuracy of various mandibular radiomorphometric indices in comparison with DEXA BMD measurements in the diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis based on a meta-analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the indices. PRISMA statement was followed. The materials for analysis were collected in August 2023 by searching three databases: PubMed Central, Web of Science, and Scopus. The selection of studies consisted of three selection stages, and 64 articles were finally obtained. Quality assessment was performed with the QUADAS-2 tool, and the general methodological quality of retrieved studies was low. Statistical analysis was performed based on 2 × 2 tables and estimated sensitivity and specificity were obtained using SROC curves. The most used indices were MCI, MCW and PMI. The best results in detecting reduced BMD obtained for MCW ≤ 3 mm, estimated sensitivity and specificity were 0.712 (95% CI, 0.477-0.870) and 0.804 (95% CI, 0.589-0.921), respectively. The most prone to the risk of bias is the MCI due to the examiner's subjectivism. Radiomorphometric indices of the mandible can be useful as a screening tool to identify patients with low BMD, but should not be used as a diagnostic method. Further research needs to focus on analysing the ability of the indices to detect osteoporosis and also in combination the indices with clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Heuchert
- Department of Anthropology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Sławomir Kozieł
- Department of Anthropology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna E Spinek
- Department of Anthropology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
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Czajkowska S, Rupa-Matysek J, Nijakowski K, Gil L, Surdacka A, Kulczyk T. A Panoramic X-ray as a Supportive Diagnostic Tool for the Screening of Osteoporosis in Patients with Hemophilia A and B. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6901. [PMID: 37959366 PMCID: PMC10647299 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemophilia is associated with an increased risk of developing osteoporosis and osteopenia. The aim of the study was to interpret the usefulness of fractal analysis of the trabecular bone of the mandible (FD) and selected radiomorphic indices (the antegonial index (AI) and Klemetti index (KI)) to assess the risk of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with hemophilia A/B. METHODS The study group consisted of 50 patients with type A/B hemophilia. The control group consisted of 25 males without congenital bleeding disorders. The patients had a panoramic radiograph taken with the same X-ray machine (Vistapano S, Durr Dental, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany). The AudaXCeph software (Audax d.o.o., Ljubljana, Slovenia) was used to evaluate the AI index, and the ImageJ, software with a specially prepared script, was used to evaluate the FD. The mandibular cortex was assessed distal to the mental foramen using the Klemetti index. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the AI, KI and FD values between the study group and the control group. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated the lack of usefulness of AI, KI and fractal analysis in identifying patients with hemophilia at risk of reduced bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Czajkowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland (A.S.)
| | - Joanna Rupa-Matysek
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kacper Nijakowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland (A.S.)
| | - Lidia Gil
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland (A.S.)
| | - Tomasz Kulczyk
- Department of Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
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Seremidi K, Mitsea A, Papaioannou W, Petroleka K, Gizani S. Assessing quality and quantity of cortical bone in childhood cancer survivors using anthropometric indices. Oral Radiol 2023; 39:811-820. [PMID: 37474688 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-023-00700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate mandibular cortical bone in childhood cancer survivors (CCS) and correlate findings with disease and treatment characteristics. METHODS Dental panoramic radiographs of 60 CCS and of 120 age and gender-matched healthy individuals were assessed by two independent observers. Bone was categorized as normal, moderately or severely eroded and its width was calculated at four sites bilaterally. Significant differences were tested using Chi-square and Pearson correlation co-efficient. Possible risk factors were detected by multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS Forty five percent of CCS had moderately eroded bone, while 67% of healthy individuals normal bone. Mean width was 3.9 mm in CCS (1.9 mm-6.4 mm) and 2.7 mm in healthy controls (1.4 mm-6 mm). None of the above differences were significant. Survivors diagnosed at a younger age had a five times greater probability of presenting mildly eroded bone. CONCLUSIONS No direct effect of antineoplastic treatment on cortical bone could be demonstrated in the current study, underlying the need for more well-designed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Seremidi
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Anastasia Mitsea
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - William Papaioannou
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Petroleka
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiria Gizani
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Triantafyllopoulos G, Mitsea A, Rontogianni A, Korres D. Osteoporosis Screening Using Dental Panoramic Radiographs and Age at Menarche. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050881. [PMID: 36900024 PMCID: PMC10000716 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since early detection of osteoporosis is essential, the development of an efficient and cost-effective screening model would be incredibly beneficial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MCW and MCI indices from dental panoramic radiographs in combination with a new variable, age at menarche, for the detection of osteoporosis. The study enrolled 150 Caucasian women (aged 45 to 86) who met the eligibility criteria, had DXA scans of the left hip and lumbar spine (L2 to L4), and were classified as osteoporotic, osteopenic, or normal based on T-score. Two observers evaluated MCW and MCI indexes on panoramic radiographs. There was a statistically significant correlation between the T-score and MCI and MCW. In addition, age at menarche had a statistically significant correlation with T-score (p = 0.006). In conclusion, in the current study, MCW proved to be more effective in detecting osteoporosis when combined with age at menarche. Individuals with MCW less than 3.0 mm and age at menarche later than 14 years old should be referred for DXA since they present high risk of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasia Mitsea
- Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-6937025812
| | - Aliki Rontogianni
- Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Demitrios Korres
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Czajkowska S, Rupa-Matysek J, Wojtasińska E, Nijakowski K, Gil L, Surdacka A, Kulczyk T. Potential Biochemical Markers and Radiomorphometric Indices as Predictors of Reduced Bone Mass in Patients with Congenital Hemophilia. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123391. [PMID: 35743462 PMCID: PMC9224603 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The study aimed to evaluate radiomorphometric indices derived from panoramic X-rays and selected blood markers of bone turnover and neutrophil extracellular traps, with a view to identifying hemophilic patients at risk of developing osteoporosis. Methods: The study consisted of 50 adult men with hemophilia A and B (mild, moderate, and severe). The control group consisted of 25 healthy adult men. In both groups, blood samples were collected to determine concentrations of citrullinated histone H3 (CH3) and osteocalcin (BGLAP) with ELISA tests, and panoramic X-rays were obtained. Images were imported into AudaXCeph software to calculate two radiomorphometric indices: mental index (MI) and panoramic mandibular index (PMI). Concentrations of BGLAP and CH3 were compared with MI and PMI values in patients with and without hemophilia. Results: There were statistically significant differences in BGLAP, CH3, and PMI between the study and the control group (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a predictive value for PMI, BGLAP, and CH3.The ROC curve with cutoff point (Youden index) at 0.40—PMI was calculated. No correlation was observed for the PMI index in any particular subgroup of patients. No correlation between MI and BGLAP/CH3 was observed. Conclusions: Simultaneous use of PMI value and BGLAP and CH3 levels may allow the identification of patients with hemophilia who requirea detailed diagnosis of osteoporosis with DXA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Czajkowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (S.C.); (K.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Joanna Rupa-Matysek
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 67-701 Poznan, Poland; (J.R.-M.); (E.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Ewelina Wojtasińska
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 67-701 Poznan, Poland; (J.R.-M.); (E.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Kacper Nijakowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (S.C.); (K.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Lidia Gil
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 67-701 Poznan, Poland; (J.R.-M.); (E.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (S.C.); (K.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Tomasz Kulczyk
- Department of Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 67-701 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Jonasson G, Hassani-Nejad A, Hakeberg M. Mandibular cortical bone structure as risk indicator in fractured and non-fractured 80-year-old men and women. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:468. [PMID: 34560860 PMCID: PMC8461912 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association between mandibular cortex parameters and fracture in a group of 286 men and women, 79–80 years of age. Study design In a cross-sectional study, the mandibular cortex was evaluated with Klemetti’s index for cortical erosion. The cortical thickness was measured with a ruler adjusting for the magnification factor. The odds ratio (OR) for fracture when having a severely eroded cortex or a cortex thickness < 3 mm was calculated. Results A normal cortex was found in 65% of men, whereas only 7% had a severely eroded cortex. The OR for severely eroded cortex as fracture risk predictor was significant (2.32; 95% CI 1.3–4.2), also when the female group was evaluated separately. A significant difference was found between the mean thickness for men (3.96 mm) and women (2.92 mm), respectively. The OR for cortical thickness < 3 mm was significant (2.00; 95% CI 1.1–3.6) in the total group, but not when men and women were evaluated separately. Conclusions Among old women, the cortical parameters were significantly associated with prevalent fracture. In old men, other circumstances may be more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethe Jonasson
- Department of Behavioral and Community Dentistry, Institute of Odontology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Research and Development Centre, Sven Eriksonplatsen 4, 50338, Borås, Sweden.
| | - Azar Hassani-Nejad
- Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Public Dental Service, P.O.Box 7163, SE-402 33SE-402 33163, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hakeberg
- Department of Behavioral and Community Dentistry, Institute of Odontology at the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Franciotti R, Moharrami M, Quaranta A, Bizzoca ME, Piattelli A, Aprile G, Perrotti V. Use of fractal analysis in dental images for osteoporosis detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1041-1052. [PMID: 33511446 PMCID: PMC8128830 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-05852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fractal dimension (FD) calculated on oral radiographs has been proposed as a useful tool to screen for osteoporosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis firstly aimed at assessing the reliability of FD measures in distinguishing osteoporotic patients (OP) from healthy controls (HC), and secondly, to identify a standardized procedure of FD calculation in dental radiographs for the possible use as a surrogate measure of osteoporosis. A comprehensive search was conducted up to September 2020 using PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was followed. Meta-analysis was performed on FD values calculated for HC and OP. Overall, 293 articles were identified. After a three steps screening, 19 studies were included in the qualitative appraisal and 12 were considered for meta-analysis. The methodological quality of the retrieved studies was generally low. Most of the studies included used White and Rudolph and box counting to process the images and to calculate FD, respectively. Overall, 51% of the studies found a meaningful difference between HC and OP groups. Meta-analyses showed that to date, FD measures on dental radiographs are not able to distinguish the OP from HC group significantly. From the current evidence, the use of FD for the identification of OP is not reliable, and no clear conclusion can be drawn due to the heterogeneity of studies. The present review revealed the need for further studies and provided the fundamentals to design them in order to find a standardized procedure for FD calculation (regions for FD assessment; images processing technique; methods for FD measurement). More effort should be made to identify osteoporosis using dental images which are cheap and routinely taken during periodic dental examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Franciotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Moharrami
- Independent Researcher, Private Practice, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Quaranta
- Sydney Dental Hospital, Sydney, 2010, Australia
- Smile Specialists Suite, Newcastle, 2300, Australia
| | - M E Bizzoca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - A Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara "Gabriele D'Annunzio", Via dei vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Biomaterials Engineering, Catholic University of San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
- Fondazione Villaserena per la Ricerca, Città Sant'Angelo, Pescara, Italy
| | | | - V Perrotti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara "Gabriele D'Annunzio", Via dei vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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Munhoz L, Morita L, Nagai AY, Moreira J, Arita ES. Mandibular cortical index in the screening of postmenopausal at low mineral density risk: a systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2021; 50:20200514. [PMID: 33591840 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20200514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic literature review addressed the use of mandibular cortical index (MCI), assessed by panoramic radiography, for the identification of postmenopausal women at risk of osteoporosis. METHODS Databases were searched for original research studies published from September 2010 to September 2020 using the following keywords: "postmenopausal osteoporosis" and synonyms combined with "panoramic radiography" and synonyms. Only English language manuscripts and studies pertaining to the MCI were selected. RESULTS A total of 24 studies were included. The publications were highly heterogeneous in terms of the subject of interest, i.e. the MCI, with some studies comparing the usefulness of the MCI using panoramic radiography and using cone beam computed tomography, and others comparing different radiomorphometric indexes developed for panoramic radiography. CONCLUSIONS Based on the literature included in this systematic review, we conclude that the MCI is useful as an auxiliary tool for identifying postmenopausal females at risk of low bone mineral density (BMD), as it correlates with skeletal BMD measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Nevertheless, other radiomorphometric indexes obtained from panoramic radiographs, such as panoramic mandibular index, mental index, and mandibular cortical width, are also valuable as auxiliary tools in the identification of postmenopausal females at risk, as they also correlate with BMD. Thus, it is not possible to affirm which index is the most reliable for the identification of postmenopausal females considering the literature screened. PROSPERO registration systematic review CRD42020208152.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Munhoz
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Morita
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Yukari Nagai
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Moreira
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emiko Saito Arita
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Clinical guidelines for the application of panoramic radiographs in screening for osteoporosis. Oral Radiol 2021; 37:189-208. [PMID: 33620644 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-021-00518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporotic fractures are associated with an increased risk of subsequent fractures, a higher rate of mortality, and incremental medical costs. Incidental findings, which include some measurements related to the mandibular inferior cortex and the alveolar trabecular bone pattern of the mandible determined on panoramic radiographs, are considered to be a useful tool for identifying asymptomatic individuals at risk of having osteoporosis and/or fragility fractures. We undertook a worldwide literature survey and present the following clinical recommendations. Postmenopausal female dental patients with a mandibular inferior cortical width of less than 3 mm on panoramic radiographs may be at risk of having low skeletal bone mineral density (BMD) or osteoporosis, but not fragility fractures. In addition, those with a severely eroded mandibular inferior cortex may have an increased risk of having low skeletal BMD, osteoporosis, and fragility fractures. The alveolar trabecular bone pattern of the mandible might be useful for identifying female dental patients at risk of having fragility fractures, although further investigation is necessary to confirm this possibility. These incidental findings on panoramic radiographs, when used for identifying asymptomatic postmenopausal female patients at risk of having osteoporosis in general dental practice, may be helpful in reducing the incidence of first fractures, with a consequent reduction in the secondary fractures, medical costs, and mortality associated with osteoporotic fragility fractures, without incurring any additional cost.
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11
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Abdinian M, Salehi MM, Mortazavi M, Salehi H, Kazemi Naeini M. Comparison of dental and skeletal indices between patients under haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis with healthy individuals in digital panoramic radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2020; 50:20200108. [PMID: 32706991 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare dental and skeletal indices in panoramic radiography between patients undergoing haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and age- and sex-matched control group. METHODS In this comparative cross-sectional study, quantitative Indices including Antegonial Index (AI), Mental Index (MI), Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI) and qualitative indices including Mandibular Cortical Index (MCI) and Trabecular Pattern (TP) were evaluated in panoramic images of 32 haemodialysis patients, 14 patients under peritoneal dialysis and 52 healthy individuals. The images were also investigated for pulp canal calcification, pulp stones, soft tissue calcification, changes in or loss of lamina dura, radiolucencies associated with brown tumour and ridge resorption. The indices were compared between the three groups and were investigated for association with the patients' blood test parameters and their diseases causing chronic renal failure (CRF). Intraobserver agreement for the 2-week interval of assessment was calculated for the indices. RESULTS MI (p = 0.574) and PMI (p = 0.100) were not significantly different, but AI (p = 0.01), MCI (p < 0.001) and TP (p = 0.002) were significantly different between the two case groups and the control group. The prevalence of pulp calcification (p = 0.03) and ridge resorption (p = 0.005) was higher in the haemodialysis group. Soft tissue calcification (p = 0.85) and lamina dura changes (p = 0.9) showed no significant difference. Brown tumours were observed in only one case in the haemodialysis group. CONCLUSIONS AI, MCI and TP showed a reduction in mineral density of the cortical and trabecular bone in CRF patients and more severely in patients under haemodialysis than those under peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Abdinian
- Department of Radiology, Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Salehi
- Dental Students' Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mortazavi
- Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hassan Salehi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical school, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Kazemi Naeini
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Koseoglu Secgin C, Gulsahi A, Yavuz Y, Kamburoglu K. Comparison of mandibular index values determined from standard panoramic versus cone beam computed tomography reconstructed images. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 127:257-264. [PMID: 30497908 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare mandibular index values, including the mandibular cortical index (MCI), mental index (MI), and panoramic mandibular index (PMI), determined on the basis of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and panoramic reconstructed (PR) images. STUDY DESIGN PR and CBCT images of 182 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Cross-sectional (CS) and PR images were obtained from CBCT data. The MCI, MI, and PMI were assessed on CS, PR, and panoramic images and evaluated for intra- and interobserver agreements by κ-value or intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis. Agreement among measurement methods was assessed by using the Bland-Altman method, with CS images as the gold standard for linear measurements. RESULTS Measurements from PR and CS images agreed with those from panoramic images in 66.7% and 53.8% of C3 classifications of MCI (porous cortices forming many endosteal residues), respectively. Panoramic and CBCT images exhibited good agreement in MI findings (ICC 0.91) and moderate (PR and panoramic images: ICC 0.79) to good (CS and panoramic images: ICC 0.87) agreement in PMI findings. CONCLUSIONS Because of the overlapping of buccal and lingual cortices, panoramic images are especially inadequate for determining the C3 category of MCI. However, CS images obtained from available CBCT data provide better visibility compared with panoramic images and, therefore, can be used for evaluating mandibular indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Koseoglu Secgin
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Gulsahi
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Yavuz
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kivanc Kamburoglu
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Effect of bisphosphonate treatment on the jawbone: an exploratory study using periapical and panoramic radiographic evaluation. Oral Radiol 2018; 35:159-170. [DOI: 10.1007/s11282-018-0358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bone Texture Fractal Dimension Analysis of Ultrasound-Treated Bone around Implant Site: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:2672659. [PMID: 29849635 PMCID: PMC5925011 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2672659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of bone texture fractal dimension (FD) analysis method in predicting implant stability from intraoral periapical radiographs using two implant protocols. Materials and Methods A double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 22 subjects who needed dental implants. The participants were randomized into two groups, the control group with standard implant protocol treatment and the intervention group with added low-intensity power ultrasound treatment (LIPUS) besides the standard implant protocol. The FD values of bone density were carried out on the mesial and distal sides of the implant on digital intraoral radiographs using the box-counting method. Both resonance frequency (RF) and fractal dimension (FD) were assessed in three time intervals: after surgery and before and after loading. Results FD on both the mesial and distal sides serve as very good-to-excellent tests with high validity (ROC area exceeding 0.8) in predicting high implant stability (ISQ ≥ 70). The mesial side measurements were consistently better than the distal side among the intervention groups. The optimum cutoff value for the FD-mesial side that predicts a highly stable implant (ISQ ≥ 70) is ≥1.505. At this optimum cutoff value, the mesial side FD is associated with a perfect sensitivity (100%) and fairly high specificity (86.5%). Conclusion The FD analysis could be recommended as an adjunctive quantitative method in prediction of the implant stability with very high sensitivity and specificity. This trial is registered with ISRCTN72648040.
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Barngkgei I, Khattab R. Detecting the effect of bisphosphonates during osteoporosis treatment on jawbones using multidetector computed tomography: The
OSTEOSYR
project. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 9:e12332. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imad Barngkgei
- Department of Oral MedicineFaculty of DentistrySyrian Private University Damascus Syria
- Department of Oral MedicineFaculty of DentistryDamascus University Damascus Syria
| | - Razan Khattab
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryDamascus University Damascus Syria
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryAlsham Private University Damascus Syria
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Ghapanchi J, Haghnegahdar AA, Faghih M, Rezazadeh F, Derafshi R, Farzin M, Kalantari MH. Evaluation of mandibular inferior cortex changes in patients candidate for liver and kidney transplantation using panoramic view. J Nephropathol 2017. [DOI: 10.15171/jnp.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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17
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Abstract
Bony disease is typically evident with radiographic examination. Loss of bone mass consistent with osteoporosis is evident on plain dental radiographs, and it is reasonable to expect that anti-resorptive treatment of osteoporosis would lead to changes in radiodensity of structures visible on dental radiographs. Review of a number of radiographs of patients receiving anti-resorptive (bisphosphonate) treatment appears to confirm increased radiodensity of the structures, which may have implications in risk assessment of complications following dental procedures.
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Barngkgei I, Halboub E, Almashraqi AA, Khattab R, Al Haffar I. IDIOS: An innovative index for evaluating dental imaging-based osteoporosis screening indices. Imaging Sci Dent 2016; 46:185-202. [PMID: 27672615 PMCID: PMC5035724 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2016.46.3.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The goal of this study was to develop a new index as an objective reference for evaluating current and newly developed indices used for osteoporosis screening based on dental images. Its name; IDIOS, stands for Index of Dental-imaging Indices of Osteoporosis Screening. Materials and Methods A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted to retrieve studies on dental imaging-based indices for osteoporosis screening. The results of the eligible studies, along with other relevant criteria, were used to develop IDIOS, which has scores ranging from 0 (0%) to 15 (100%). The indices presented in the studies we included were then evaluated using IDIOS. Results The 104 studies that were included utilized 24, 4, and 9 indices derived from panoramic, periapical, and computed tomographic/cone-beam computed tomographic techniques, respectively. The IDIOS scores for these indices ranged from 0 (0%) to 11.75 (78.32%). Conclusion IDIOS is a valuable reference index that facilitates the evaluation of other dental imaging-based osteoporosis screening indices. Furthermore, IDIOS can be utilized to evaluate the accuracy of newly developed indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Barngkgei
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.; Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Esam Halboub
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Abdulkareem Almashraqi
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Razan Khattab
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Iyad Al Haffar
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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ALONSO MBCC, VASCONCELOS TV, LOPES LJ, WATANABE PCA, FREITAS DQ. Validation of cone-beam computed tomography as a predictor of osteoporosis using the Klemetti classification. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:S1806-83242016000100263. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health problem affecting one in three women over the age of 50 and may not be detected until fractures occur. Since osteoporotic fractures are a health burden worldwide, identifying subjects with a high risk of osteoporosis and preventing osteoporosis-related mortality and morbidity are a very important health strategy. Women show an estrogen-related bone loss starting at menopause, predominantly occurring in trabecular bone. Diagnosis of osteoporosis is usually based on the bone mineral density measurement, but this is not a practical and economical technique for early detection. Therefore, investigators are interested in the possibility of detecting osteoporosis from the panoramic radiographs. Mandibular cortical bone undergoes resorptive activity in osteoporotic patients, leading to a decreased thickness and more porous inferior border. Therefore, studies have demonstrated the usefulness of cortical width and shape, determined from panoramic radiographs, in identifying elderly individuals with undetected osteoporosis, especially postmenopausal women. In conclusion, postmenopausal women with C3 category, Mental Index (MI) <3 mm, and panoramic mandibular index (PMI) <0.3 may be considered for further osteoporosis investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Gulsahi
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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Nayak S, Edwards DL, Saleh AA, Greenspan SL. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the performance of clinical risk assessment instruments for screening for osteoporosis or low bone density. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:1543-54. [PMID: 25644147 PMCID: PMC4401628 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the performance of clinical risk assessment instruments for screening for DXA-determined osteoporosis or low bone density. Commonly evaluated risk instruments showed high sensitivity approaching or exceeding 90% at particular thresholds within various populations but low specificity at thresholds required for high sensitivity. Simpler instruments, such as OST, generally performed as well as or better than more complex instruments. INTRODUCTION The purpose of the study is to systematically review the performance of clinical risk assessment instruments for screening for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-determined osteoporosis or low bone density. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. Multiple literature sources were searched, and data extracted and analyzed from included references. RESULTS One hundred eight references met inclusion criteria. Studies assessed many instruments in 34 countries, most commonly the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool (OST), the Simple Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimation (SCORE) instrument, the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA), the Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Instrument (ORAI), and body weight criteria. Meta-analyses of studies evaluating OST using a cutoff threshold of <1 to identify US postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at the femoral neck provided summary sensitivity and specificity estimates of 89% (95%CI 82-96%) and 41% (95%CI 23-59%), respectively. Meta-analyses of studies evaluating OST using a cutoff threshold of 3 to identify US men with osteoporosis at the femoral neck, total hip, or lumbar spine provided summary sensitivity and specificity estimates of 88% (95%CI 79-97%) and 55% (95%CI 42-68%), respectively. Frequently evaluated instruments each had thresholds and populations for which sensitivity for osteoporosis or low bone mass detection approached or exceeded 90% but always with a trade-off of relatively low specificity. CONCLUSIONS Commonly evaluated clinical risk assessment instruments each showed high sensitivity approaching or exceeding 90% for identifying individuals with DXA-determined osteoporosis or low BMD at certain thresholds in different populations but low specificity at thresholds required for high sensitivity. Simpler instruments, such as OST, generally performed as well as or better than more complex instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nayak
- Swedish Center for Research and Innovation, Swedish Health Services, Swedish Medical Center, 747 Broadway, Seattle, WA, 98122-4307, USA,
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22
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Graham J. Detecting low bone mineral density from dental radiographs: a mini-review. CLINICAL CASES IN MINERAL AND BONE METABOLISM : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ITALIAN SOCIETY OF OSTEOPOROSIS, MINERAL METABOLISM, AND SKELETAL DISEASES 2015; 12:178-82. [PMID: 26604946 PMCID: PMC4625777 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2015.12.2.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over a number of years researchers have reported associations between osteoporosis or low bone mineral density and signs that can be detected on dental radiographs, particularly in the width of the inferior mandibular cortex and the texture of the trabecular bone. As patients visit the dentist more regularly than they visit their doctor, there is the possibility that such signs could be used as a means of identifying individuals at risk of developing osteoporosis or suffering from consequent fracture. This paper reviews the historical background behind this research and the current status, including recent developments in automation of measurement using computer image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Graham
- Centre for Imaging Science, Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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Calciolari E, Donos N, Park JC, Petrie A, Mardas N. Panoramic measures for oral bone mass in detecting osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent Res 2014; 94:17S-27S. [PMID: 25365969 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514554949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Different quantitative and qualitative indices calculated on oral panoramic radiographs have been proposed as useful tools to screen for reduced skeletal bone mineral density (BMD). Our aim was to systematically review the literature on linear and qualitative panoramic measures and to assess the accuracy of these indices by performing a meta-analysis of their sensitivity and specificity. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was followed. Fifty studies were included in the qualitative appraisal and 19 were considered for meta-analysis. The methodological quality of the retrieved studies, assessed with the QUADAS-2 tool, was on average low. Three indices were reported by most of the studies: mandibular cortical width, panoramic mandibular index, and the Klemetti index. Mandibular cortical width presented with a better accuracy in excluding osteopenia/osteoporosis (specificity), since patients with a cortical width more than 4 mm had a normal BMD in 90% of the cases. Almost all studies used a cutoff of 0.3 for the panoramic mandibular index, resulting in an estimated sensitivity and specificity in detecting reduced BMD, respectively, of 0.723 (SE 0.160; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.352-0.926) and 0.733 (SE 0.066; 95% CI, 0.587-0.841). The presence of any kind of mandibular cortical erosion gave an estimated sensitivity and specificity in detecting reduced BMD, respectively, of 0.789 (SE 0.031; 95% CI, 0.721-0.843) and 0.562 (SE 0.047; 95% CI, 0.47-0.651) and a sensitivity and specificity in detecting osteoporosis, respectively, of 0.806 (SE 0.105; 95% CI, 0.528-0.9200) and 0.643 (SE 0.109; 95% CI, 0.417-0.820). The mandibular cortical width, panoramic mandibular index, and Klemetti index are overall useful tools that potentially could be used by dentists to screen for low BMD. Their limitations are mainly related to the experience/agreement between different operators and the different image quality and magnification of the panoramic radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Calciolari
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Clinical Research, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Donos
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Clinical Research, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - J C Park
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Clinical Research, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - A Petrie
- Biostatistics Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Mardas
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Clinical Research, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Kim OS, Shin MH, Song IH, Lim IG, Yoon SJ, Kim OJ, Lee YH, Kim YJ, Chung HJ. Digital panoramic radiographs are useful for diagnosis of osteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women. Gerodontology 2014; 33:185-92. [PMID: 24913816 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether digital panoramic radiographs could be used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis through evaluation of the radiographs based on the correlation with bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS One hundred and ninety-four post-menopausal women were selected from participants who had participated in the Dong-gu study. Panoramic radiographic indices measured are mental index (MI), mandibular cortical index (MCI) and simple visual estimation (SVE). BMD at the lumbar spine and proximal femur was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The Pearson's correlation test was performed to analyse the correlation between MI and age and BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to analyse the association of MI, MCI and SVE with BMD after adjusting for age, height and weight. To determine the optimal cut-off point of MI for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, the receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed. RESULTS The MI was positively correlated with BMDs: lumbar spine: r = 0.36, femoral neck: r = 0.59 and total hip: r = 0.58 (p < 0.001). As age increased, MI decreased (r = -0.46). BMD at the lumbar spine and total hip were significantly lower in participants with reduction of mandibular width, thinning and resorption of mandibular cortex by the MI, SVE and MCI, respectively. The optimal cut-off value of MI for the diagnosis of spinal osteoporosis was 2.22 mm. CONCLUSION Thickness and morphological changes of mandibular inferior cortical bone are associated with BMD, independent of age, height and weight. These results suggest that MI, MCI and SVE may be useful indices for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in a Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Su Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University, Medical School, Hak1dong, Donggu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - In-Hwa Song
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Il-Gu Lim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Suk-Ja Yoon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ok-Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Chung
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Valerio CS, Trindade AM, Mazzieiro ET, Amaral TP, Manzi FR. Use of digital panoramic radiography as an auxiliary means of low bone mineral density detection in post-menopausal women. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2013; 42:20120059. [PMID: 24005062 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20120059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To correlate the radiomorphometric indices obtained using digital panoramic radiography (DPR) with bone mineral densities, evaluated by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry test, in a population of post-menopausal females to identify patients with asymptomatic low bone mineral densities. METHODS The morphology of the mandibular cortex was evaluated using the mandibular cortical index (MCI) and the inferior mandibular cortex width was evaluated using the mental index (MI) in 64 female patients who had undergone dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry assessment. Of these patients, 21 were diagnosed with osteopaenia and 20 with osteoporosis, and 23 were normal. Three new indices for evaluating the inferior mandibular cortex width were designed: the mental posterior index 1 (MPI1), MPI2 and MPI3. Statistical analyses were performed using the χ(2) and Kruskal-Wallis tests and the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS There were significant differences between the normal and lower bone mineral density groups (osteopaenia and osteoporosis) for MCI (p < 0.01). In the osteoporosis group, the MI, MPI1, MPI2 and MPI3 were significantly different from the normal and osteopaenia groups (p < 0.05). The MI, MPI1, MPI2 and MPI3 showed that there is an area in the mandibular cortex, located between the mental foramen and the antegonial region, which is valid for identifying females at high risk for osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS The MCI, MI, MPI1, MPI2, and MPI3 radiomorphometric indices evaluated using DPR can be used to identify post-menopausal females with low bone densities and to provide adequate medical treatment for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Valerio
- Department of Dentistry, Pontificial Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Rubin KH, Friis-Holmberg T, Hermann AP, Abrahamsen B, Brixen K. Risk assessment tools to identify women with increased risk of osteoporotic fracture: complexity or simplicity? A systematic review. J Bone Miner Res 2013; 28:1701-17. [PMID: 23592255 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A huge number of risk assessment tools have been developed. Far from all have been validated in external studies, more of them have absence of methodological and transparent evidence, and few are integrated in national guidelines. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to provide an overview of existing valid and reliable risk assessment tools for prediction of osteoporotic fractures. Additionally, we aimed to determine if the performance of each tool was sufficient for practical use, and last, to examine whether the complexity of the tools influenced their discriminative power. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for papers and evaluated these with respect to methodological quality using the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) checklist. A total of 48 tools were identified; 20 had been externally validated, however, only six tools had been tested more than once in a population-based setting with acceptable methodological quality. None of the tools performed consistently better than the others and simple tools (i.e., the Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tool [OST], Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Instrument [ORAI], and Garvan Fracture Risk Calculator [Garvan]) often did as well or better than more complex tools (i.e., Simple Calculated Risk Estimation Score [SCORE], WHO Fracture Risk Assessment Tool [FRAX], and Qfracture). No studies determined the effectiveness of tools in selecting patients for therapy and thus improving fracture outcomes. High-quality studies in randomized design with population-based cohorts with different case mixes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Hass Rubin
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, DK-Odense C, Denmark.
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Assessment of alveolar bone mineral density as a predictor of lumbar fracture probability. Adv Ther 2013; 30:487-502. [PMID: 23674163 PMCID: PMC3680661 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-013-0028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis and tooth loss have been linked with advancing age, but no clear relationship between these conditions has been proven. Several studies of bone mineral density measurements of the jaw and spine have shown similarities in their rate of age-related deterioration. Thus, measurements of jawbone density may predict lumbar vertebral bone density. Using jawbone density as a proxy marker would circumvent the need for lumbar bone measurements and facilitate prediction of osteoporotic spinal fracture susceptibility at dental clinics. We aimed to characterize the correlation between bone density in the jaw and spine and the incidence of osteoporotic spinal fractures. METHODS We used computerized radiogrammetry to measure alveolar bone mineral density (al-BMD) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to measure lumbar bone mineral density (L-BMD). L-BMD and al-BMD in 30 female patients (average age: 59 ± 5 years) were correlated with various patient attributes. Statistical analysis included area under the curve (AUC) and probability of asymptomatic significance (PAS) in a receiver operating characteristic curve. The predictive strength of L-BMD T-scores (L-BMD[T]) and al-BMD measurements for fracture occurrence was then compared using multivariate analysis with category weight scoring. RESULTS L-BMD and al-BMD were significantly correlated with age, years since menopause, and alveolar bone thickness. Both were also negatively correlated with fracture incidence. Category weight scores were -0.275 for a L-BMD(T) <80%; +0.183 for a L-BMD(T) ≥ 80%; -0.860 for al-BMD <84.9 (brightness); and +0.860 for al-BMD ≥ 84.9. AUC and PAS analyses suggested that al-BMD had a higher association with fracture occurrence than L-BMD. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the possible association between al-BMD and vertebral fracture risk. Assessment of alveolar bone density may be useful in patients receiving routine dental exams to monitor the clinical picture and the potential course of osteoporosis in patients who may be at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis.
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Koh KJ, Park HN, Kim KA. Prediction of age-related osteoporosis using fractal analysis on panoramic radiographs. Imaging Sci Dent 2012; 42:231-5. [PMID: 23301209 PMCID: PMC3534177 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2012.42.4.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was performed to evaluate the trabecular pattern on panoramic radiographs to predict age-related osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-one postmenopausal osteoporotic women and 25 postmenopausal healthy women between the ages of 50 and 88 were enrolled in this study. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae and femur were calculated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and panoramic radiographs were obtained. Fractal dimension (FD) was measured using the box counting method from 560 regions of interest (51×51 pixels) in 6 sites on the panoramic radiographs. The relationships between age and BMD and between FD and BMD were assessed, and the intraobserver agreement was determined. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the FD values between the osteoporotic and normal groups (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the FD values at three sites in the jaws (p<0.05). Age was significantly correlated with the BMD measurements, with an odds ratio of 1.25. However, the FD values were not significantly correlated with the BMD measurements, with an odds ratio of 0.000. The intraobserver agreement showed relatively higher correlation coefficients at the upper premolar, lower premolar, and lower anterior regions than the other sites. CONCLUSION Age was an important risk factor for predicting the presence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The lower premolar region was the most appropriate site for evaluating the FD value on panoramic radiographs. However, further investigation might be needed to predict osteoporosis using an FD value on panoramic radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Joon Koh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bio Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ha-Na Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bio Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kyoung-A Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bio Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Lurie A, Tosoni GM, Tsimikas J, Walker F. Recursive hierarchic segmentation analysis of bone mineral density changes on digital panoramic images. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 113:549-58.e1. [PMID: 22668434 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to demonstrate that histogram analysis and mathematical modeling of digital panoramic images (DPIs) processed using recursive hierarchic segmentation (RHSEG) discriminates normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic cancellous bone. STUDY DESIGN Forty-seven DPIs of postmenopausal women were grouped into normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic; dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was the reference standard. RHSEG of the mandibular angle and canine/premolar trabecular regions of interest was performed. After histogram and histogram bin analysis and generation of relative intensity functions, generalized linear mixed model analysis was used to model the data and likelihood ratio testing used to assess group differences. RESULTS Histogram analyses discriminated among the groups. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the canine/premolar data yielded area-under-the-curve accuracies of 0.78 for osteoporosis and 0.74 for osteopenia. Discrimination of osteoporosis required cubic analysis, discrimination of osteopenia required quartic analysis, and neither model alone discriminated among all groups. CONCLUSIONS Analyses and mathematical modeling of mandibular trabecular bone on RHSEG-processed DPIs discriminated normal, osteoporotic, and osteopenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Lurie
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1605, USA.
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Farnell DJJ, Pickles A, Roberts C. Measurement error in statistical models of shape. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 104:e29-e44. [PMID: 21550684 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Active shape models (ASMs) are popular and sophisticated methods of extracting features in (especially medical) images. Here we analyse the error in placing ASM points on the boundary of the feature. By using replications, a corrected covariance matrix is presented that should reduce the effects of placement error. We show analytically and via simulations that the cumulative variability for a given number of eigenvalues retained in principal components analysis (PCA) ought to be reduced by increasing levels of point-placement error. Results for predicted errors are in excellent agreement with the set-up parameters of two simulated shapes and with anecdotal evidence from the trained experts for real data taken from the OSTEODENT project. We derive an equation for the reliability of placing the points and we find values of 0.79 and 0.85 (where 0=bad and 1=good) for the two clinical experts for the OSTEODENT data. These analyses help us to understand the sources and effects of measurement error in shape models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian J J Farnell
- Health Methodology Research Group, School of Community-Based Medicine, Jean McFarlane Building, University Place, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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Leite AF, de Souza Figueiredo PT, Ramos Barra F, Santos de Melo N, de Paula AP. Relationships between mandibular cortical indexes, bone mineral density, and osteoporotic fractures in Brazilian men over 60 years old. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 112:648-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Koh KJ, Kim KA. Utility of the computed tomography indices on cone beam computed tomography images in the diagnosis of osteoporosis in women. Imaging Sci Dent 2011; 41:101-6. [PMID: 22010066 PMCID: PMC3189533 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2011.41.3.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study evaluated the potential use of the computed tomography indices (CTI) on cone beam CT (CBCT) images for an assessment of the bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Materials and Methods Twenty-one postmenopausal osteoporotic women and 21 postmenopausal healthy women were enrolled as the subjects. The BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and femur were calculated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) using a DXA scanner. The CBCT images were obtained from the unilateral mental foramen region using a PSR-9000N™ Dental CT system. The axial, sagittal, and coronal images were reconstructed from the block images using OnDemend3D™. The new term "CTI" on CBCT images was proposed. The relationship between the CT measurements and BMDs were assessed and the intra-observer agreement was determined. Results There were significant differences between the normal and osteoporotic groups in the computed tomography mandibular index superior (CTI(S)), computed tomography mandibular index inferior (CTI(I)), and computed tomography cortical index (CTCI). On the other hand, there was no difference between the groups in the computed tomography mental index (CTMI: inferior cortical width). Conclusion CTI(S), CTI(I), and CTCI on the CBCT images can be used to assess the osteoporotic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Joon Koh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, and Institute of Oral Bio Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Renvert S, Berglund J, Persson RE, Persson GR. Osteoporosis and periodontitis in older subjects participating in the Swedish National Survey on Aging and Care (SNAC-Blekinge). Acta Odontol Scand 2011; 69:201-7. [PMID: 21254955 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2010.549501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objective. We assessed the relationships between (I) ultrasonography calcaneus T-scores (PIXI) and mandibular cortex characteristics on oral panoramic radiographs in older subjects; and (II) osteoporosis and periodontitis. Material and methods. We examined 778 subjects (53% women) aged 59-96 years. Periodontitis was defined by alveolar bone loss assessed from panoramic radiographs. Results. PIXI calcaneus T-values ≤-2.5 (osteoporosis) were found in 16.3% of women and in 8.1% of men. PIXI calcaneus T-values <-1.6 (osteoporosis, adjusted) were found in 34.2% of women and in 21.4% of men. The age of the subjects and PIXI T-values were significantly correlated in women (Pearson's r = 0.37, P < 0.001) and men (Pearson's r = 0.19, P < 0.001). Periodontitis was found in 18.7% of subjects defined by alveolar bone level ≥5 mm. Subjects with osteoporosis defined by adjusted PIXI T-values had fewer remaining teeth [mean difference 4.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.1 to -6.5, P < 0.001]. The crude odds ratio (OR) of an association between the panoramic assessment of mandibular cortex erosions as a sign of osteoporosis and the adjusted T-value (T-value cut-off <-1.6) was 4.8 (95% CI 3.1-7.2, P < 0.001; Pearson χ(2) = 60.1, P < 0.001). A significant OR between osteoporosis and periodontitis was only found in women for the T-value cut-off ≤-2.5 (crude OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.3, P < 0.03). Conclusions. An association between osteoporosis and periodontitis was only confirmed in women. The likelihood that the mandibular cortex index agrees with adjusted PIXI T-values is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Renvert
- Department of Oral Sciences , School of Health and Society, Kristianstad University, Sweden.
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Tanaka M, Yamashita E, Anwar RB, Yamada K, Ohshima H, Nomura S, Ejiri S. Radiological and histologic studies of the mandibular cortex of ovariectomized monkeys. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:372-80. [PMID: 21310357 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to study the radiological and histologic changes in the mandibular cortices of ovariectomized monkeys. STUDY DESIGN Twelve female, adult, Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were used. Under anesthesia, 1 group was bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX), and the other (control group) underwent sham surgery. Seventy-six weeks after surgery, the monkeys were humanely killed, their mandibles were excised, and their mandibular inferior cortices (MIC) and adjacent cortices were examined histologically and with panoramic radiographs and micro computed tomography. RESULTS Striped shadows were seen on the endosteal side of the OVX cortices on panoramic radiographs. Histologic observation revealed many enlarged pores with eroded surfaces and calcein labeling (indicating osteon remodeling) in the OVX cortices. CONCLUSIONS In the MIC and adjacent cortices of OVX monkeys, enlarged Haversian canals were seen and there were indications of a high rate of bone turnover. The enlarged Haversian canals resulted in striped shadows and unclear endosteal margins on radiographic images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Tanaka
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan.
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Kyrgidis A, Tzellos TG, Toulis K, Antoniades K. The facial skeleton in patients with osteoporosis: a field for disease signs and treatment complications. J Osteoporos 2011; 2011:147689. [PMID: 21403823 PMCID: PMC3042625 DOI: 10.4061/2011/147689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Revised: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis affects all bones, including those of the facial skeleton. To date the facial bones have not drawn much attention due to the minimal probability of morbid fractures. Hearing and dentition loss due to osteoporosis has been reported. New research findings suggest that radiologic examination of the facial skeleton can be a cost-effective adjunct to complement the early diagnosis and the follow up of osteoporosis patients. Bone-mass preservation treatments have been associated with osteomyelitis of the jawbones, a condition commonly described as osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ). The facial skeleton, where alimentary tract mucosa attaches directly to periosteum and teeth which lie in their sockets of alveolar bone, is an area unique for the early detection of osteoporosis but also for the prevention of treatment-associated complications. We review facial bone involvement in patients with osteoporosis and we present data that make the multidisciplinary approach of these patients more appealing for both practitioners and dentists. With regard to ONJ, a tabular summary with currently available evidence is provided to facilitate multidisciplinary practice coordination for the treatment of patients receiving bisphosphonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios Kyrgidis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Thrasivoulos-George Tzellos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Toulis
- Department of Endocrinology, 424 Military Hospital, Thessaloniki 56429, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Antoniades
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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Kiswanjaya B, Yoshihara A, Deguchi T, Hanada N, Miyazaki H. Relationship between the mandibular inferior cortex and bone stiffness in elderly Japanese people. Osteoporos Int 2010; 21:433-8. [PMID: 19578804 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-0996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED SUMARRY: This study assessed the relationship between the mandibular inferior cortex (MIC) and bone stiffness in elderly Japanese subjects. Results suggest that MIC classification may be useful for screening patients for the possibility of osteoporosis by measuring bone stiffness with ultrasound bone densitometry. INTRODUCTION The prevention of fractures is a priority for patients with osteoporosis. Dental panoramic radiographs are frequently taken for the examination of teeth and jaws in general dental practice worldwide. This study assessed the relationship between the mandibular inferior cortex (MIC) and bone stiffness in elderly Japanese subjects. METHODS This study included 519 healthy subjects (263 men and 256 women) aged 70 years old. We evaluated the relationship between MIC classification and bone stiffness using Scheffe's multiple comparison test. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between MIC classification and bone stiffness after controlling for confounding factors. RESULTS A significant correlation was found between MIC classification and bone stiffness in men (C1 vs C2: p < 0.05) and women (C1 vs C2: p = NS, C1 vs C3: p < 0.01, C2 vs C3: p < 0.05). MIC classification was significantly associated with bone stiffness on multiple linear regression analysis after controlling for sex, body mass index, regular exercise, and smoking (beta = -0.11, p < 0.01, R(2) = 0.387, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that MIC classification may be useful for screening patients for the possibility of osteoporosis by measuring bone stiffness with ultrasound bone densitometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kiswanjaya
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
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Panoramic radiographs for identifying individuals with undetected osteoporosis. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
Many patients with osteoporosis go undiagnosed because typically no symptoms are present before a fracture. Triage screening to refer patients to appropriate medical professionals for further investigation would be useful to address the increase in the incidence of osteoporotic fractures. Dental clinics may offer a new triage screening pathway because dentists frequently take radiographs of bones in the course of dental treatment. A major premise for such triage screening in dental clinics is that dentists can readily use a screening tool in their dental practice. For example, cortical width and shape of the mandible detected on panoramic radiographs may be appropriate indices for triaging individuals with osteoporosis. To date, several investigators have demonstrated significant associations between cortical indices on panoramic radiographs and bone mineral density of the skeleton generally, such as the spine and femur, biochemical markers of bone turnover and risk of osteoporotic fractures. Further, in two recent Japanese clinical trials, approximately 95% of women who were identified by trained dentists in their clinics using cortical shape findings did have osteopenia or osteoporosis. These findings support the possibility that dental clinics may offer a new triage platform to identify individuals with otherwise undetected osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Taguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Hirooka, Shiojiri, Japan.
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Erdogan Ö, Incki KK, Benlidayı ME, Şeydaoglu G, Kelekci S. Dental and radiographic findings as predictors of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2009; 9:155-64. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2009.00518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Development of a clinically applicable tool for bone density assessment. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2008; 4:163-8. [PMID: 20033615 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-008-0280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the accuracy and reliability of new software for radiodensitometric evaluations. METHODS A densitometric tool developed by MevisLab was used in conjunction with intraoral radiographs of the premolar region in both in vivo and laboratory settings. An aluminum step wedge was utilized for comparison of grey values. After computer-aided segmentation, the interproximal bone between the premolars was assessed in order to determine the mean grey value intensity of this region and convert it to a thickness in aluminum. Evaluation of the tool was determined using bone mineral density (BMD) values derived from decalcified human bone specimens as a reference standard. In vivo BMD data was collected from 35 patients as determined with dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The intra and interobserver reliability of this method was assessed by Bland and Altman Plots to determine the precision of this tool. RESULTS In the laboratory study, the threshold value for detection of bone loss was 6.5%. The densitometric data (mm Al eq.) was highly correlated with the jaw bone BMD, as determined using dual X-ray absorptiometry (r = 0.96). For the in vivo study, the correlations between the mm Al equivalent of the average upper and lower jaw with the lumbar spine BMD, total hip BMD and femoral neck BMD were 0.489, 0.537 and 0.467, respectively (P < 0.05). For the intraobserver reliability, a Bland and Altman plot showed that the mean difference +/- 1.96 SD were within +/-0.15 mm Al eq. with the mean difference value small than 0.003 mm Al eq. For the interobserver reliability, the mean difference +/-1.96 SD were within +/-0.11 mm Al eq. with the mean difference of 0.008 mm Al eq. CONCLUSIONS A densitometric software tool has been developed, that is reliable for bone density assessment. It now requires further investigation to evaluate its accuracy and clinical applicability in large scale studies.
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Taguchi A, Ohtsuka M, Nakamoto T, Suei Y, Kudo Y, Tanimoto K, Bollen AM. Detection of post-menopausal women with low bone mineral density and elevated biochemical markers of bone turnover by panoramic radiographs. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2008; 37:433-7. [DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/85235532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Nackaerts O, Jacobs R, Devlin H, Pavitt S, Bleyen E, Yan B, Borghs H, Lindh C, Karayianni K, van der Stelt P, Marjanovic E, Adams JE, Horner K. Osteoporosis detection using intraoral densitometry. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2008; 37:282-7. [DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/30424604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Okabe S, Morimoto Y, Ansai T, Yoshioka I, Tanaka T, Taguchi A, Kito S, Wakasugi-Sato N, Oda M, Kuroiwa H, Ohba T, Awano S, Takata Y, Takehara T. Assessment of the relationship between the mandibular cortex on panoramic radiographs and the risk of bone fracture and vascular disease in 80-year-olds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 106:433-42. [PMID: 18299222 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2007] [Revised: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 09/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess cortical measurements on panoramic radiographs in 80-year-old subjects to predict bone fracture and vascular disease risks. METHODS The cortical width and shape (normal cortex, mildly to moderately eroded cortex, and severely eroded cortex) were evaluated on 659 panoramic radiographs obtained from 262 men and 397 women, all of whom were 80 years old. At baseline, a general medical examination, including heel bone density, was performed in all subjects. Fractures and vascular disease occurring within 5 years after the baseline examination were determined in 191 subjects and in 108 subjects who died within 5 years after the baseline examination. RESULTS There were significant correlations between heel bone density and cortical width (r = 0.435, P < .001) and shape (r = 0.231, P < .001). However, cortical measurements on panoramic radiographs were not significantly associated with the occurrence of fractures and vascular disease within 5 years after the baseline examination. CONCLUSIONS Among the elderly, cortical measurements on panoramic radiographs may be associated with bone mineral density and physical activity, but they are not useful markers for the subsequent occurrence of fractures and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Okabe
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Science, Kyushu Dental College, Kitakyushu, Japan
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