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Yin X, Ren Y, Luo W, Liao M, Huang L, Zhuang X, Liu Y, Wang W. Nemo-like kinase (NLK) gene regulates apoptosis via the p53 signaling pathway in Litopenaeus vannamei under low-temperature stress. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:104378. [PMID: 35231467 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is an important serine/threonine-protein kinase in many signaling pathways. However, its function in crustaceans, such as shrimps, is still poorly understood and needs to be further explored. In the present study, the full-length cDNA of NLK from Litopenaeus vannamei (LvNLK) was cloned. The full-length LvNLK cDNA has 2497 bp, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 1524 bp encoding a protein with 507 amino acids and a predicted molecular mass of 56.1 kDa. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LvNLK shared high similarities with NLK from other known species. Low-temperature stress markedly upregulated the expression of LvNLK. Its overexpression in hemocytes suppressed the expression of BCL2-associated X (Bax) and tumor protein P53 (p53) in vitro. Meanwhile, the BCL2 apoptosis regulator (Bcl-2), MDM2 proto-oncogene (MDM2), and Yin Yang 1 (YY1) were upregulated. Moreover, LvNLK silencing in vivo increased the susceptibility of shrimps to low-temperature stress. The generation of ROS and the rate of hemocyte apoptosis also increased when LvNLK was silenced. Additionally, qPCR results indicated that LvNLK might participate in apoptosis via the p53 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. These results suggested that LvNLK is indispensable for the environmental adaptation of L. vannamei. Our current findings also demonstrated that NLK is evolutionarily conserved in crustaceans and provided insights into the environmental adaptation of invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yinghao Ren
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Weitao Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Meiqiu Liao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Lin Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xueqi Zhuang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Weina Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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Wu Y, Fu Y, He K, Song H. Pan-cancer analysis of nemo-like kinase (NLK) expression convergence to pancreatic adenocarcinoma that has diagnostic, prognostic and treatment value. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhang G, Ren G, Zhao X, Wang H. RNA Interference-Mediated Aurora Kinase A Gene Silencing Inhibits Human Glioma Cells Proliferation and Tumor Growth in Mice. J Cancer 2021; 12:3024-3032. [PMID: 33854602 PMCID: PMC8040878 DOI: 10.7150/jca.55791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to explore the roles of Aurora Kinase A (Aurora A) in human glioma progression and relevant molecular mechanisms involved. Methods: RNA interference (RNAi) technology was performed to silence the Aurora A gene in human glioma cell line U251 and U87. Western blot and real-time PCR were used to determine the protein and mRNA expression levels of Aurora A. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the cell cycle distribution and MTT was used to examine the cell viability. Annexin V/FITC double staining and Hoechst 33258 staining were carried out to examine cell apoptosis. Xenograft tumor model was established to examine the effect of Aurora A siRNA on tumor growth in vivo. Results: RNAi-mediated Aurora A gene silencing with specific short interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly decreased Aurora A protein and mRNA expression levels in human glioma cell line U251 and U87. Aurora A knockdown in glioma cells with siRNA strongly inhibited cell proliferation, along with the accumulation of cells in the G1, G2/M phase and decrease in S phase. Furthermore, the enhancement of cell apoptosis in vitro and the suppression of xenograft tumor growth in vivo were also observed after Aurora A silencing in U251 cell. In addition, Aurora A knockdown resulted in decreased expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and cell cycle protein Cyclin D1, while increased expression of pro-apoptotic factor caspase-3. Conclusion: Aurora A can be used as a candidate targeting gene and inhibition of Aurora A is a potentially promising therapy for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang Dong Fang Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, PR China
| | - Guanghui Ren
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang Dong Fang Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang Dong Fang Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science & Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, PR China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
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Lei L, Wang Y, Zheng YW, Fei LR, Shen HY, Li ZH, Huang WJ, Yu JH, Xu HT. Overexpression of Nemo-like Kinase Promotes the Proliferation and Invasion of Lung Cancer Cells and Indicates Poor Prognosis. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:674-680. [PMID: 30451112 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666181119150521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is an evolutionarily conserved MAP kinaserelated kinase involved in the pathogenesis of several human cancers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and role of NLK in lung cancers, and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS We examined the expression of NLK in lung cancer tissues through western blot analysis. We enhanced or knocked down NLK expression by gene transfection or RNA interference, respectively, in lung cancer cells, and examined expression alterations of key proteins in the Wnt signaling pathway and in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We also examined the roles of NLK in the proliferation and invasiveness of lung cancer cells by cell proliferation, colony formation, and Matrigel invasion assays. RESULTS NLK expression was found to be significantly higher in lung cancer tissue samples than in corresponding healthy lung tissue samples. Overexpression of NLK correlated with poor prognosis of patients with lung cancer. Overexpression of NLK upregulated β-catenin, TCF4, and Wnt target genes such as cyclin D1, c-Myc, and MMP7. N-cadherin and TWIST, the key proteins in EMT, were upregulated, while E-cadherin expression was reduced. Additionally, proliferation, colony formation, and invasion turned out to be enhanced in NLK-overexpressing cells. After NLK knockdown in lung cancer cells, we obtained the opposite results. CONCLUSION NLK is overexpressed in lung cancers and indicates poor prognosis. Overexpression of NLK activates the Wnt signaling pathway and EMT and promotes the proliferation and invasiveness of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yi-Wen Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Liang-Ru Fei
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hao-Yue Shen
- 100K80B, Clinical Medicine of Seven-year Programme, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Zhi-Han Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wen-Jing Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Juan-Han Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Hong-Tao Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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Decreased expression of nemo-like kinase in melanoma is correlated with increased vascularity and metastasis. Melanoma Res 2019; 29:376-381. [DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shi C, Xu L, Tang Z, Zhang W, Wei Y, Ni J, Zhang S, Feng J. Knockdown of Nemo‑like kinase promotes metastasis in non‑small‑cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1090-1100. [PMID: 31322229 PMCID: PMC6667924 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase Nemo-like kinase (NLK) serves an important role in cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis by regulating transcription factors among various cancers. In the present study, the function of NLK in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was investigated. Immunohistochemical analysis and western blotting demonstrated that NLK expression was significantly reduced in NSCLC tissues compared with corresponding peritumoral tissues. Statistical analysis revealed that decreased NLK expression was associated with the presence of primary tumors, tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and E-cadherin and vimentin expression. Univariate analysis indicated that NLK expression, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and E-cadherin and vimentin expression affected the prognosis of NSCLC. Cox regression analyses revealed NLK expression and TNM as independent factors that affected prognosis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with NSCLC and low NLK expression had relatively shorter durations of overall survival. In vitro, NLK overexpression inhibited A549 ncell migration and invasion as determined by wound healing and Transwell migration assays, respectively. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining indicated that downregulation of NLK expression could induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in NSCLC. NLK knockdown significantly decreased the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, and markedly increased that of β-catenin and the mesenchymal marker vimentin. Furthermore, NLK was reported to directly interact with β-catenin as determined by a co-immunoprecipitation assay. Collectively, the results of the present study indicated that decreased NLK expression could promote tumor metastasis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Liqin Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Weishuai Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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Li SZ, Zeng F, Li J, Shu QP, Zhang HH, Xu J, Ren JW, Zhang XD, Song XM, Du RL. Nemo-like kinase (NLK) primes colorectal cancer progression by releasing the E2F1 complex from HDAC1. Cancer Lett 2018; 431:43-53. [PMID: 29803790 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Control of E2F1 activity is restricted via its interactions with RB1 and HDAC1. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms underlying the E2F1/HDAC1 complex remain elusive. Here, we report that Nemo-like kinase (NLK) boosts cell cycle progression, which facilitates tumor development by releasing the E2F1 protein from HDAC1. Deletion of NLK largely blocks colorectal tumor proliferation and development. Moreover, RNA-seq shows that cell cycle is arrested at the G1/S phase in NLK-deficient cells and that the expression of E2F complex-targeted genes are affected, whereas overexpression of NLK but not an NLK mutant restores the wild-type phenotype. Mechanistically, we show that NLK interacts with the E2F1 complex, leading to disassembly of the E2F1/HDAC1 complex and thus diminishing the ability of E2F1 to bind to target gene promoters. Our results indicate that NLK boosts cell proliferation and E2F1 activity and controls the cell cycle switch by releasing HDAC1 from the E2F1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ze Li
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
| | - Feng Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Qi-Peng Shu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Hui-Hui Zhang
- College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Jian-Wei Ren
- Tibet University Medical College, Lasha, Tibet 850000, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Xue-Min Song
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
| | - Run-Lei Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China.
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Yang W, Gu L, Yang C, Liu T. Expression of Nemo-like kinase in cervical squamous cell carcinoma: a clinicopathological study. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:743-749. [PMID: 29445289 PMCID: PMC5810516 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s154188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Nemo-like kinase (NLK) has been reported to play different roles in tumors. However, the role of NLK in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) remains unknown. In this study, we explored the clinical significance including survival of NLK protein expression in CSCCs. Patients and methods Immunohistochemical method was performed using tissues from 130 patients with CSCC. The associations between NLK expression and the clinicopathological factors and prognosis of CSCCs were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test, the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, and the Kaplan–Meier method. Results Immunohistochemical staining analysis showed that NLK was localized predominately in the nucleus of the tumor cells, and increased NLK expression was detected in 71 (54.6%) of 130 patients. NLK overexpression significantly correlated with higher histological grade (P=0.001), vascular/lymphatic invasion (P=0.010), lymph node metastasis (P=0.012), and recurrence (P=0.022). Patients with elevated NLK expression had poorer overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P=0.006 and P=0.004, respectively) compared with patients with decreased NLK expression. Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that NLK overexpression was an independent factor for OS and DFS (P=0.034 and P=0.025, respectively). Conclusion NLK may be a valuable biomarker for predicting the prognosis of CSCC patients and may serve as a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Yang
- Department of Gynecology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Tianbo Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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Zhao Z, Liu W, Liu J, Wang J, Luo B. The effect of EBV on WIF1, NLK, and APC gene methylation and expression in gastric carcinoma and nasopharyngeal cancer. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1844-1851. [PMID: 28543390 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an important DNA tumor virus that is associated with approximately 10% of gastric carcinomas and 99% of nasopharyngeal cancers (NPC). DNA methylation and microRNAs (miRNAs) are the most studied epigenetic mechanisms that can prompt disease susceptibility. This study aimed to detect the effect of EBV on Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1), Nemo-like kinase (NLK), and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene methylation, and expression in gastric carcinoma and NPC. The WIF1, NLK, and APC gene mRNA expression levels were measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR in four EBV-positive cell lines and four EBV-negative cell lines. Bisulfite genomic sequencing or methylation-specific PCR was used to detect the methylation status of the WIF1, NLK, and APC promoters. All cell lines were treated with 5-azacytidine (5-aza-dC), miR-BART19-3p mimics or an inhibitor, and analyzed by flow cytometry and MTT cell proliferation assays. The WIF1, NLK, and APC promoters were hypermethylated in all eight cell lines. 5-Aza-dC displayed a growth inhibitory effect on cells . After transfection with miR-BART19-3p mimics, the expression of WIF1, and APC decreased, and the cellular proliferation rate increased. After transfection with the miR-BART19-3p inhibitor, the expression levels were higher, and the cell growth was inhibited. In the NPC and GC cell lines, the promoters of WIF1, NLK, and APC are highly methylated, and the expression of these three genes is regulated by miR-BART19-3p. The activity of the Wnt pathway in EBV-associated tumors may be enhanced by miR-BART19-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhao
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
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He XY, Tan ZL, Mou Q, Liu FJ, Liu S, Yu CW, Zhu J, Lv LY, Zhang J, Wang S, Bao LM, Peng B, Zhao H, Zou L. microRNA-221 Enhances MYCN via Targeting Nemo-like Kinase and Functions as an Oncogene Related to Poor Prognosis in Neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:2905-2918. [PMID: 28003306 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose:MYCN is one of the most well-characterized genetic markers of neuroblastoma. However, the mechanisms as to how MYCN mediate neuroblastoma tumorigenesis are not fully clear. Increasing evidence has confirmed that the dysregulation of miRNAs is involved in MYCN-mediated neuroblastoma tumorigenesis, supporting their potential as therapeutic targets for neuroblastoma. Although miR-221 has been reported as one of the upregulated miRNAs, the interplay between miR-221 and MYCN-mediated neuroblastoma progression remains largely elusive.Experimental Design: The expression of miR-221 in the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 31 confirmed patients with neuroblastoma was detected by locked nucleic acid-in situ hybridization and qRT-PCR. The correlation between miR-221 expression and clinical features in patients with neuroblastoma was assessed. The mechanisms as to how miR-221 regulate MYCN in neuroblastoma were addressed. The effect of miR-221 on cellular proliferation in neuroblastoma was determined both in vitro and in vivoResults: miR-221 was significantly upregulated in neuroblastoma tumor cells and tissues that overexpress MYCN, and high expression of miR-221 was positively associated with poor survival in patients with neuroblastoma. Nemo-like kinase (NLK) as a direct target of miR-221 in neuroblastoma was verified. In addition, overexpression of miR-221 decreased LEF1 phosphorylation but increased the expression of MYCN via targeting of NLK and further regulated cell cycle, particularly in S-phase, promoting the growth of neuroblastoma cells.Conclusions: This study provides a novel insight for miR-221 in the control of neuroblastoma cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, suggesting potentials of miR-221 as a prognosis marker and therapeutic target for patients with MYCN overexpressing neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); 2905-18. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan He
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng-Lan Tan
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Mou
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang-Jie Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao-Wen Yu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin-Ya Lv
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Ming Bao
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.
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TCF-1 participates in the occurrence of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14129-14140. [PMID: 27522523 PMCID: PMC5097086 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrated that T cell factor 1 (TCF-1) protein, a component of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, can regulate the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (runx2) gene and Sry-related HMG box 9 (sox9) gene, which may participate in the differentiation of chondrosarcoma. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) is a special variant of conventional chondrosarcoma (CCS), associated with poor survival and high metastasis rate. However, little is known about the mechanism of its occurrence; thus, no effective treatment is available except surgery. Earlier, high expression of runx2 and low expression of sox9 were found in DDCS compared with CCS. Using Western blot to detect clinical tissue samples (including 8 CCS samples and 8 DDCS samples) and immunohistochemistry to detect 85 different-grade chondrosarcoma specimens, a high expression of TCF-1 in DDCS tissues was found compared with CCS tissues. This difference in expression was related to patients' prognosis. Results of luciferase, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and gel electrophoresis mobility shift assays demonstrated that TCF-1 protein could bind to the promoter of runx2 gene directly and sox9 gene indirectly. Hence, it could regulate expression of runx2 gene positively and sox9 gene negatively. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that TCF-1 protein was closely related to the phenotype and aggressiveness of chondrosarcoma. In conclusion, this study proved that TCF-1 participates in the dedifferentiation of DDCS, which may be mediated by runx2 gene and sox9 gene. Also, TCF-1 can be of important prognostic value and a promising therapeutic target for DDCS patients.
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Zou X, Zhong J, Li J, Su Z, Chen Y, Deng W, Li Y, Lu S, Lin Y, Luo L, Li Z, Cai Z, Tang A. miR-362-3p targets nemo-like kinase and functions as a tumor suppressor in renal cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:994-1002. [PMID: 26647877 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to exhibit abnormal expression patterns in various types of human cancer. The aim of the present study was to identify a novel tumor suppressor microRNA (miR) and investigate its physiological function and mechanism in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The expression levels of miRNA (miR)‑362‑3p expres were measured in 47 pairs of RCC and adjacent normal tissue samples, using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. In addition, miR‑362‑3p was transfected into renal cancer cells to investigate its role in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis and cell cycle. Identification of the target gene of miR‑362‑3p was performed using luciferase reporter assays and western blot analyses. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of miR‑362‑3p were downregulated in the RCC tissue samples, compared with the adjacent normal tissue samples. The upregulation of miR‑362‑3p using a synthesized mimic suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of the renal cancer cells, and induced cell apoptosis and G1 phase arrest. Further experiments demonstrated that the overexpression of miR‑362‑3p resulted in decrease expression levels of nemo-like kinase. These results suggested that miR-362-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in RCC, and may serve as a potential molecular target in the treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Zou
- National‑Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Application of Cancer Genomics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhong
- National‑Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Application of Cancer Genomics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqiang Li
- Department of Pediatric Urinary Surgery, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengming Su
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- National‑Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Application of Cancer Genomics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Wanxin Deng
- National‑Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Application of Cancer Genomics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Yuchi Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P.R. China
| | - Siheng Lu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P.R. China
| | - Youcheng Lin
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Liya Luo
- National‑Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Application of Cancer Genomics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zesong Li
- National‑Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Application of Cancer Genomics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- National‑Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Application of Cancer Genomics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Aifa Tang
- National‑Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Application of Cancer Genomics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
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Huang Y, Yang Y, He Y, Li J. The emerging role of Nemo-like kinase (NLK) in the regulation of cancers. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9147-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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14
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Liu M, Xu A, Yuan X, Zhang Q, Fang T, Wang W, Li C. Downregulation of microRNA-409-3p promotes aggressiveness and metastasis in colorectal cancer: an indication for personalized medicine. J Transl Med 2015; 13:195. [PMID: 26084278 PMCID: PMC4472171 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs play an essential role in colorectal cancer development and progression. Aberrant miR-409-3p expression has been reported in several cancers. However, the clinical significance and functions of miR-409-3p in human CRC were not entirely clear. METHODS miR-409-3p expression levels were determined in 45 pairs of primary CRC and their corresponding adjacent non-tumor tissues by qPCR. The effects of ectopic expression of miR-409-3p on CRC cells proliferation, wound healing, metastasis were investigated by CCK-8, transwell assay and peritoneal spreading nude mice model. RESULTS Statistical analysis of clinical cases revealed that low miR-409-3p expression had inclinations towards lager tumor size and local invasion. Ectopic expression of miRNA mimics suggested that miR-409-3p could inhibits the abilities of proliferation, wound healing, metastasis and invasion in CRC cells. Notably, we found the NLK could be a potential target of miR-409-3p. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that miR-409-3p functions as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the development and metastasis of CRC, suggesting that miR-409-3p is expected to become a new diagnostic marker and a new target of the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulin Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China.
| | - Aman Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China.
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China.
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China.
| | - Taotao Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China.
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230000, China.
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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15
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Chen HW, Qiao HY, Li HC, Li ZF, Zhang HJ, Pei L, Liu HW, Jin L, Wang D, Li JL. Prognostic significance of Nemo-like kinase expression in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8447-53. [PMID: 26022162 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase and belongs to the extracellular signal-regulated kinases/microtubule-associated protein kinase families (Erks/MAPKs). Previous studies have indicated that abnormal expressions of NLK played critical roles in various types of human cancers. Recent studies suggested that NLK expression was significantly upregulated in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens. However, the clinical significance of NLK expression in HCC remains largely unknown. In this study, we focused on the clinical significance of NLK in HCC and found that high expression of NLK was significantly associated with Edmondson-Steiner grade (P = 0.002), tumor size (P = 0.022), and no. of tumor nodules (P < 0.001), and NLK was positively correlated with proliferation marker Ki-67 (P < 0.01). Univariate analysis suggested that NLK expression was associated with poor prognosis (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that NLK expression was an independent prognostic indicator for HCC (P = 0.0370). In conclusion, NLK overexpression is associated with poor overall survival in patients with HCC, it might be an independent poor prognostic marker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China.
| | - Hong-Ying Qiao
- Department of Allergy, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Hong-Chen Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Zong-Feng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Hong-Juan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Liu Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Hong-Wei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Jun-Liang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, No. 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
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16
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Chen J, Han Y, Zhao X, Yang M, Liu B, Xi X, Xu X, Liang T, Xia L. Nemo‑like kinase expression predicts poor survival in colorectal cancer. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1181-7. [PMID: 25371216 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemo‑like kinase (NLK), a serine/threonine protein kinase, was previously reported to be associated with tumor proliferation and invasion. The present study aimed to evaluate whether NLK participates in the tumorigenesis and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). NLK expression was examined using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and western blot analysis in 50 paired CRC tissues as well as immunohistochemical analysis of 406 cases of primary CRC tissues and paired non‑cancerous tissues. Correlations between NLK expression, the clinicopathological features of CRC patients and clinical outcome were then analyzed. NLK expression was found to be significantly higher in CRC tissues as well as associated with the depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, histological differentiation, vascular invasion and advanced tumor stage. Patients with NLK‑positive tumors demonstrated higher rates of recurrence and mortality than patients with NLK‑negative tumors. Multivariate analyses revealed that NLK expression was an independent factor for overall survival [hazard ratio (HR)=0.035; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.02‑0.19; P<0.001] and disease‑free survival (HR=0.033; 95% CI=0.007‑0.09; P<0.001) in CRC patients. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that NLK may serve as a novel biomarker for tumor recurrence and survival for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Yunwei Han
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Mingyu Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Xiangpeng Xi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
| | - Tiejun Liang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Lijian Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China
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17
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Zhang HH, Li SZ, Zhang ZY, Hu XM, Hou PN, Gao L, Du RL, Zhang XD. Nemo-like kinase is critical for p53 stabilization and function in response to DNA damage. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1656-63. [PMID: 24926618 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) acts as a protective mechanism for maintaining cell homeostasis. Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that has an important role in many pathways; however, its function in the DDR has not yet been defined. In our study, NLK-deficient HCT116 cells were found to be resistant to etoposide-induced cell death. We demonstrated that NLK is required for p53 activation in response to DNA damage. Remarkably, mechanistic studies revealed that NLK interacts with p53 and stabilizes p53 by blocking MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, NLK enhances p53 activity and affects expression downstream of p53. Interestingly, these functions of NLK are not related to its kinase activity. Consistent with these results, NLK-deficient cells have a resistance effect on DNA damage. Therefore, these findings emphasize that NLK is a novel factor in DDR mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-H Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - S-Z Li
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z-Y Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - X-M Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - P-N Hou
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - L Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - R-L Du
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - X-D Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Han Y, Kuang Y, Xue X, Guo X, Li P, Wang X, Guo X, Yuan B, Zhi Q, Zhao H. NLK, a novel target of miR-199a-3p, functions as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:497-505. [PMID: 24972723 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that miR-199a-3p is a newly biomarker for diagnosis and novel prognostic indicator in colorectal cancer. However, the miR-199a-3p regulatory mechanism and its target genes are still unclear. In our present study, we demonstrated miR-199a-3p could directly target 3'-UTR of NLK gene by luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis. We detected NLK expressions in 92 colorectal cancer cases to evaluate its clinicopathologic characteristics in colorectal cancer. Our results showed that NLK expression was significantly downregulated in cancer tissues than NATs, and NLK low-expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, venous invasion, liver metastasis and the TNM stage (P<0.05). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that low expression of NLK correlated with a shorter overall survival rates of patients with CRC (P<0.05). In vitro, we also found that NLK suppressed the biological behaviors of colorectal cancer cells, including the abilities of cell proliferation, clone formation, wound healing, migration and invasion (P<0.05), while overexpression of NLK increased the apoptotic rate of colorectal cancer cells. All these results suggested that NLK was an identified miR-199a-3p target gene and functioned as a tumor suppressor gene in colorectal cancer. NLK could be a novel direction for developing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Han
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yuting Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiaobo Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Pu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xingpo Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Qiaoming Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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19
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Chen S, Ma Z, Chen X, Zhang J. Prognostic significance of nemo-like kinase in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:131-6. [PMID: 24789020 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly metastatic malignancy, which is highly prevalent in Southeast Asia and North Africa. Recent studies implicated the critical role of nemo‑like kinase (NLK) in tumor biology. However, the functional role of NLK in NPC has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, the significance of NLK positivity in NPC was examined. NLK expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a relatively large sample of patients with NPC (n=352) from December 1, 2002 to December 1, 2009. The correlation between the NLK expression status and clinicopathological features and prognosis was investigated. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were developed to evaluate the association between the NLK status and the relative risks for relapse and mortality. In total, 54% (190/352) of NPC samples were identified as positive for NLK. By contrast, all 176 specimens of adjacent normal tissue were negative for NLK. NLK positivity was associated with tumor extent, regional lymph node status and distant metastases. A Kaplan‑Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients with NLK‑positive NPC exhibited significantly shorter disease‑free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Furthermore, Cox regression analysis revealed that NLK positivity was an unfavorable prognostic indicator of DFS and OS in NPC, independent of other features. Additionally, NLK‑positive patients with NPC without distant metastases were more likely to relapse compared with NLK‑negative patients with NPC without distant metastases. The present study indicates that NLK is a good prognostic marker for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Size Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Second Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center of Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- School of Public Health and Tropic Medicine, South Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jiren Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Second Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, P.R. China
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20
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Dong JR, Guo N, Zhao JP, Liu PD, Feng HH, Li Y. Inhibition of Nemo-like Kinase Increases Taxol Sensitivity in Laryngeal Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:7137-41. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.12.7137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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21
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Lv L, Wan C, Chen B, Li M, Liu Y, Ni T, Yang Y, Liu Y, Cong X, Mao G, Xue Q. Nemo-Like Kinase (NLK) Inhibits the Progression of NSCLC via Negatively Modulating WNT Signaling Pathway. J Cell Biochem 2013; 115:81-92. [PMID: 23904219 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liting Lv
- Department of Oncology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 Jiangsu China
| | - Chunhua Wan
- Department of Public Health; Nantong University; Nantong 226001 Jiangsu China
| | - Buyou Chen
- Department of Oncology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 Jiangsu China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Oncology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 Jiangsu China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Department of Pathology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 Jiangsu China
| | - Tingting Ni
- Department of Oncology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 Jiangsu China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Oncology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 Jiangsu China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 Jiangsu China
| | - Xia Cong
- Department of Gastroenterology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 Jiangsu China
| | - Guoxin Mao
- Department of Oncology; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 Jiangsu China
| | - Qun Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University; Nantong 226001 Jiangsu China
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22
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Shen Q, Bae HJ, Eun JW, Kim HS, Park SJ, Shin WC, Lee EK, Park S, Park WS, Lee JY, Nam SW. MiR-101 functions as a tumor suppressor by directly targeting nemo-like kinase in liver cancer. Cancer Lett 2013; 344:204-11. [PMID: 24189458 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nemo-like kinase (NLK), an evolutionarily conserved MAP kinase-related kinase, has been reported to be involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the underlying mechanisms leading to oncogenic NLK are poorly understood. A comprehensive microRNA (miRNA) profiling analysis on human HCC tissues identified four downregulated miRNAs that may target NLK. Ectopic expression of miRNA mimics suggested that miR-101 could suppress NLK in HCC cells. Notably, ectopic miR-101 expression repressed cancer cell growth and proliferation and imitated NLK knockdown effect on HCC cells. In conclusion, we suggest that miR-101 functions as a tumor suppressor by regulating abnormal NLK activity in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Shen
- Lab of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Bae
- Lab of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woo Eun
- Lab of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Kim
- Lab of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- Lab of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Chan Shin
- Lab of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Lee
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soha Park
- Techno-Art Division, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sang Park
- Lab of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Young Lee
- Lab of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Woo Nam
- Lab of Oncogenomics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Functional RNomics Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Huang Y, Jiang Y, Lu W, Zhang Y. Nemo-like kinase associated with proliferation and apoptosis by c-Myb degradation in breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69148. [PMID: 23935942 PMCID: PMC3720543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nemo-like kinase (NLK), a mediator of the Wnt signaling pathway, binds directly to c-Myb, leading to its phosphorylation, ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. NLK was significantly downregulated in the breast cancer tissues compared to corresponding normal tissues. NLK expression was negatively correlated with c-Myb expression. NLK suppressed proliferation, induced apoptosis and mediated c-Myb degradation in MCF-7 cells via a mechanism that seems to involve c-myc and Bcl2. These findings might provide a novel target for therapeutic intervention in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Huang
- Department of Tumor Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Weiqi Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Li M, Zhang S, Wang Z, Zhang B, Wu X, Weng H, Ding Q, Tan Z, Zhang N, Mu J, Yang J, Shu Y, Bao R, Ding Q, Wu W, Cao Y, Liu Y. Prognostic significance of nemo-like kinase (NLK) expression in patients with gallbladder cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:3995-4000. [PMID: 23857283 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemo-like kinase (NLK), a serine/threonine protein kinase, has been implicated in tumor development and progression, and plays an important role in diverse signaling pathways by phosphorylating a variety of transcription factors. Recent studies demonstrated that altered expression of NLK was observed in various types of human cancers. However, the clinical significance of NLK expression in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains largely unknown. In this study, we focused on the clinical significance of NLK in GBC, and found that nuclear NLK protein overexpression was frequently detected in GBC tissues. The overexpression of NLK was significantly correlated with histological grade, TNM stage, and perineural invasion. The results of Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that a high expression level of NLK resulted in a significantly poorer prognosis of GBC patients (P = 0.002). Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high NLK expression was an independent prognostic factor for GBC patients (HR = 3.077). In conclusion, overexpression of NLK is closely related to progression of GBC, and NLK could be used as a potential prognostic marker for GBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolan Li
- Research Institute of Biliary Tract Disease Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
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25
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Wang K, Wang X, Zou J, Zhang A, Wan Y, Pu P, Song Z, Qian C, Chen Y, Yang S, Wang Y. miR-92b controls glioma proliferation and invasion through regulating Wnt/beta-catenin signaling via Nemo-like kinase. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:578-88. [PMID: 23416699 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase involved in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, which has been reported to be associated with gliomagenesis. In the present study, we aimed to identify a concrete mechanism of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) in glioma. METHODS Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization were conducted to detect the expression of miR-92b. The cell proliferation rate and cell cycle kinetics were detected using 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, cell invasion and migration were evaluated using Transwell assay and wound healing assay, and cell apoptosis was detected using annexin V staining. Furthermore, the relevant molecules regulating proliferation and invasion were examined using Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. Luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the direct regulation of NLK by miR-92b and beta-catenin/TCF4 activity. RESULTS We first showed that the expression of miR-92b was elevated in both glioma samples and glioma cells. Furthermore, down-regulation of miR-92b triggered growth inhibition, induced apoptosis, and suppressed invasion of glioma in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase assay and Western blot analysis revealed that NLK is a direct target of miR-92b. Restoring expression of NLK inhibited glioma proliferation and invasion. Mechanistic investigation revealed that miR-92b deletion suppressed beta-catenin/TCF-4 transcription activity by targeting NLK. Moreover, expression of NLK was inversely correlated with miR-92b in glioma samples and was predictive of patient survival in a retrospective analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify a role for miR-92b in glioma proliferation and invasion after activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling via NLK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou Xiasha Hospital, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Expression of Nemo-Like Kinase (NLK) in the Brain in a Rat Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Model. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 66:671-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-012-9511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ishitani T, Ishitani S. Nemo-like kinase, a multifaceted cell signaling regulator. Cell Signal 2012; 25:190-7. [PMID: 23000342 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is an evolutionarily conserved MAP kinase-related kinase. Although NLK was originally identified as a Drosophila gene affecting cell movement during eye development, recent studies show that NLK also contributes to cell proliferation, differentiation, and morphological changes during early embryogenesis and nervous system development in vertebrates. In addition, NLK has been reported to be involved in the development of several human cancers. NLK is able to play a role in multiple processes due to its capacity to regulate a diverse array of signaling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin, Activin, IL-6, and Notch signaling pathways. Although the molecular mechanisms that regulate NLK activity remain unclear, our recent research has presented a new model for NLK activation. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the function and regulation of NLK and discuss the aspects of NLK regulation that remain to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ishitani
- Division of Cell Regulation Systems, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Chu SH, Ma YB, Feng DF, Zhang H, Zhu ZA, Li ZQ, Jiang PC. Correlation of low SLC22A18 expression with poor prognosis in patients with glioma. J Clin Neurosci 2011; 19:95-8. [PMID: 22153794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2011.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the expression of the putative tumor suppressor SLC22A18 to evaluate it as a prognostic marker in glioma patients. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses of clinical tissue samples obtained from 120 patients with glioma were performed. Low expression of SLC22A18 was observed in 71.7% of patients. Loss of SLC22A18 expression in glioma was significantly related to pathological grade (p = 0.003). High pathological grade (World Health Organization III-IV) was correlated with negative (low or absent) expression of SLC22A18, which was correlated with a significantly shorter overall patient survival than in those with positive (high) expression (p = 0.007). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that SLC22A18 expression level is an independent survival prognostic factor for patients with glioma (p = 0.011). Western blotting analysis confirmed decreased expression of SLC22A18 in glioma tissues compared with adjacent brain tissues. This study suggests that SLC22A18 functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma and represents a candidate biomarker for long-term survival in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hua Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, No 3 People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mo He Road, Bao Shan District, Shanghai 201900, China.
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