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Mousavikia SN, Darvish L, Bahreyni Toossi MT, Azimian H. Exosomes: Their role in the diagnosis, progression, metastasis, and treatment of glioblastoma. Life Sci 2024; 350:122743. [PMID: 38806071 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are crucial for the growth and spread of glioblastomas, an aggressive form of brain cancer. These tiny vesicles play a crucial role in the activation of signaling pathways and intercellular communication. They can also transfer a variety of biomolecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids from donor to recipient cells. Exosomes can influence the immune response by regulating the activity of immune cells, and they are crucial for the growth and metastasis of glioblastoma cells. In addition, exosomes contribute to drug resistance during treatment, which is a major obstacle in the treatment of glioblastoma. By studying them, the diagnosis and prognosis of glioblastoma can be improved. Due to their high biocompatibility and lack of toxicity, they have become an attractive option for drug delivery. The development of exosomes as carriers of specific therapeutic agents could overcome some of the obstacles to effective treatment of glioblastoma. In this review, we address the potential of exosomes for the treatment of glioblastoma and show how they can be modified for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Mousavikia
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - L Darvish
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Mother and Child Welfare Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - M T Bahreyni Toossi
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Azimian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Dabbagh Ohadi MA, Aleyasin MS, Samiee R, Bordbar S, Maroufi SF, Bayan N, Hanaei S, Smith TR. Micro RNAs as a Diagnostic Marker between Glioma and Primary CNS Lymphoma: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3628. [PMID: 37509289 PMCID: PMC10377645 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiating glioma from primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) can be challenging, and current diagnostic measures such as MRI and biopsy are of limited efficacy. Liquid biopsies, which detect circulating biomarkers such as microRNAs (miRs), may provide valuable insights into diagnostic biomarkers for improved discrimination. This review aimed to investigate the role of specific miRs in diagnosing and differentiating glioma from PCNSL. A systematic search was conducted of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase for articles on liquid biopsies as a diagnostic method for glioma and PCNSL. Sixteen dysregulated miRs were identified with significantly different levels in glioma and PCNSL, including miR-21, which was the most prominent miR with higher levels in PCNSL, followed by glioma, including glioblastoma (GBM), and control groups. The lowest levels of miR-16 and miR-205 were observed in glioma, followed by PCNSL and control groups, whereas miR-15b and miR-301 were higher in both tumor groups, with the highest levels observed in glioma patients. The levels of miR-711 were higher in glioma (including GBM) and downregulated in PCNSL compared to the control group. This review suggests that using these six circulating microRNAs as liquid biomarkers with unique changing patterns could aid in better discrimination between glioma, especially GBM, and PCNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Dabbagh Ohadi
- Department of Pediatric Neurological Surgery, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733151, Iran
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755331, Iran
| | - Mir Sajjad Aleyasin
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755331, Iran
| | - Reza Samiee
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755331, Iran
| | - Sanaz Bordbar
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755331, Iran
| | - Seyed Farzad Maroufi
- Department of Pediatric Neurological Surgery, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733151, Iran
| | - Nikoo Bayan
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417755331, Iran
| | - Sara Hanaei
- Neurosurgery Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733151, Iran
| | - Timothy R Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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3
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Lenda B, Żebrowska-Nawrocka M, Turek G, Balcerczak E. Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox Family: Non-Coding RNA and Epigenetic Regulation in Gliomas. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051364. [PMID: 37239035 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common malignant brain tumours. Among them, glioblastoma (GBM) is a grade four tumour with a median survival of approximately 15 months and still limited treatment options. Although a classical epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is not the case in glioma due to its non-epithelial origin, the EMT-like processes may contribute largely to the aggressive and highly infiltrative nature of these tumours, thus promoting invasive phenotype and intracranial metastasis. To date, many well-known EMT transcription factors (EMT-TFs) have been described with clear, biological functions in glioma progression. Among them, EMT-related families of molecules such as SNAI, TWIST and ZEB are widely cited, well-established oncogenes considering both epithelial and non-epithelial tumours. In this review, we aimed to summarise the current knowledge with a regard to functional experiments considering the impact of miRNA and lncRNA as well as other epigenetic modifications, with a main focus on ZEB1 and ZEB2 in gliomas. Although we explored various molecular interactions and pathophysiological processes, such as cancer stem cell phenotype, hypoxia-induced EMT, tumour microenvironment and TMZ-resistant tumour cells, there is still a pressing need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which EMT-TFs are regulated in gliomas, which will enable researchers to uncover novel therapeutic targets as well as improve patients' diagnosis and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Lenda
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, BRaIN Laboratories, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 4, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Żebrowska-Nawrocka
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, BRaIN Laboratories, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 4, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Turek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bródnowski Masovian Hospital, Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Balcerczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, BRaIN Laboratories, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 4, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
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4
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Sufianov A, Begliarzade S, Ilyasova T, Liang Y, Beylerli O. MicroRNAs as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in gliomas. Noncoding RNA Res 2022; 7:171-177. [PMID: 35846075 PMCID: PMC9271693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are invasive brain tumors characterized by high rates of recurrence and mortality. Glioblastoma (GBM), a grade IV brain tumor, is known for its heterogenicity and its resistance to the current treatment regimen. MicroRNA (miRNAs) are small non-coding sequences of RNA that regulate and influence the expression of multiple genes. The detection of certain types of micro-RNA in tissues and blood serum can be used for diagnosis and prognosis, including the response of a particular patient to therapy. The purpose of this review is to analyze studies and experimental results concerning changes in microRNA expression profiles characteristic of gliomas. Furthermore, miRNAs also contribute to autophagy at multiple stages. In this review, we summarize the functions of miRNAs in GBM pathways linked to dysregulation of cell cycle control, apoptosis and resistance to treatment, and the possible use of miRNAs in clinical settings as treatment and prediction biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Sufianov
- Federal Center of Neurosurgery, Tyumen, Russia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Sema Begliarzade
- Republican Clinical Perinatal Center, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450106, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ilyasova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia
| | - Yanchao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ozal Beylerli
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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Sun L, Yan T, Yang B. The Progression Related Gene RAB42 Affects the Prognosis of Glioblastoma Patients. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060767. [PMID: 35741652 PMCID: PMC9220890 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most malignant glioma among astrocytomas and is a lethal form of brain cancer. Many RAB genes are involved in different cancers but RAB42 (Ras-associated binding 42) is seldom studied in GBM. Our study aimed to explore the role of RAB42 expression in the development and prognosis of GBM. METHODS All GBM patient data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. The relevance of RAB42 expression to the clinicopathologic characteristics of GBM patients was analyzed. The overall survival (OS) significance was determined using log-rank. Significantly enriched KEGG pathways were screened using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). RESULTS High expression of RAB42 was observed in GBM specimens compared with normal samples, which was also verified in cell lines and tissue samples. Elevated RAB42 expression was correlated with higher GBM histological grade. The prognosis of GBM patients with high RAB42 expression was worse than those with lower RAB42. A total of 35 pathways, such as the P53 pathway, were significantly activated in highly RAB42-expressed GBM samples. CONCLUSIONS High RAB42 expression is related to the development of GBM, and RAB42 is a probable prognostic marker for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Sun
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Disease, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin 300350, China;
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Disease, Tianjin Neurosurgical Institute, Tianjin 300350, China
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-135-1208-6882; Fax: +86-022-5096-5423
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China;
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6
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Buglyó G, Magyar Z, Romicsné Görbe É, Bánusz R, Csóka M, Micsik T, Mezei M, Yani JAS, Varga P, Sápi Z, Nagy B. miRNA Profiling of Hungarian Regressive Wilms' Tumor Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Samples by Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e932731. [PMID: 34608109 PMCID: PMC8501895 DOI: 10.12659/msm.932731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wilms' tumor is a common renal malignancy of early childhood with a generally favorable prognosis depending upon histological subtype. It is becoming increasingly clear that differences in miRNA (microRNA) expression signature represent important clues helping us predict a tumor's response to chemotherapy. In our study, we aimed to reveal miRNAs deregulated in regressive Wilms' tumors from FFPE (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded) samples, also showing whether such samples are reliable miRNA sources in Wilms' tumor. MATERIAL AND METHODS Samples from 8 Hungarian patients (3 males, 5 females, aged 1 to 7 years) were analyzed by qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR). A PCR array was used in a pilot experiment, and selected miRNAs (miR-128-3p, miR-184, miR-194-5p, miR-203a) were studied in the rest of the samples using individual primers. RESULTS miR-194-5p was underexpressed in all tumor samples. miR-184 and miR-203a were underexpressed in 7 cases, the exception being a case with a high ratio of necrotic blastemal tissue. Results obtained with miR-128-3p are difficult to interpret due to varying directions of expression changes. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a downregulation of miR-184, miR-194-5p, and miR-203a expression is observed in both regressive and blastemal tumors, but larger-scale studies are needed to confirm whether the degree of their underexpression correlates with the number of blastemal elements in a sample. In most of our FFPE samples aged up to 9 years, RNA extraction provided miRNA with quantity and quality sufficient for qRT-PCR-based analysis, emphasizing the relevance of pathological archives as miRNA sources in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Buglyó
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Magyar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Baross Street Division, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Romicsné Görbe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Baross Street Division, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Bánusz
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Monika Csóka
- 2nd Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Micsik
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Mezei
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jaxi Ayman Shawky Yani
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Varga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Baross Street Division, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Sápi
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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7
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The role of melatonin in angio-miR-associated inhibition of tumorigenesis and invasion in human glioblastoma tumour spheroids. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101617. [PMID: 34418770 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Micro-RNA (miRNA)-based regulation of hypoxia, angiogenesis and tumour growth provides promising targets for effective therapy in malignant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Accumulating evidence suggests a potential role of melatonin in miRNA expression in cancer cells. Despite these findings, the melatonin-miRNA interaction in GBM and the effect of this interaction on GBM tumour development and invasion are not clearly understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of melatonin on human GBM tumour spheroid tumorigenesis and invasion in vitro, and to analyse the interaction between 36 angio-miRNAs and the HIF1/VEGF/MMP9 axis, which is known to be associated with the antitumour effect of melatonin. We found that melatonin is able to selectively induce cell death in single-layer U87-MG cells (a GBM cell line) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as characterized by MTT assay. The use of tumour spheroids and a Matrigel invasion assay revealed that melatonin impairs tumorigenesis, and it significantly reduced both the tumour spheroid area and invasion rate, especially at the 0.5 mM and 1 mM concentrations. This inhibition was accompanied by strong reductions in hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF1-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression and protein levels in GBM tumour spheroids. In addition, melatonin significantly reduced the relative gene expression and protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). This study revealed that six differentially expressed angio-miRs (miR-15b, miR-18a-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-92a-3p, miR-130a-5p, miR-200b-3p) may play important roles in GBM tumorigenesis and invasion, and all respond to melatonin therapy. Our results suggest that melatonin inhibits tumorigenesis and invasion of human GBM tumour spheroids, possibly by suppressing HIF1-α/VEGF/MMP9 signalling via regulation of angio-miRNAs.
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8
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Gong B, Wang X, Li B, Li Y, Lu R, Zhang K, Li B, Ma Y, Li Y. miR-205-5p inhibits thymic epithelial cell proliferation via FA2H-TFAP2A feedback regulation in age-associated thymus involution. Mol Immunol 2020; 122:173-185. [PMID: 32371259 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are essential regulators of T cell development and selection. microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in regulating TECs proliferation during thymus involution. miR-205-5p is highly expressed in TECs and increases with age. However, the function and potential mechanism of miR-205-5p in TECs are not clear. miRNA expression was profiled using TECs from male and female mice at 1 and 3 months old. A total of 325 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were detected at different ages in two sexes. 24 of the DEMs had the same trend between males and females. Among them, miR-205-5p had the highest fold change. Our results showed that the expression of miR-205-5p was dramatically increased in TECs from 1 to 9 months old mice. miR-205-5p mimic inhibited TECs proliferation. Moreover, we confirmed that Fa2h was the direct target gene of miR-205-5p and FA2H was significantly decreased in TECs with increased expression of miR-205-5p. Silencing of Fa2h inhibited TECs proliferation. Furthermore, we found that the expression of Tfap2a could be promoted by FA2H and that TFAP2A could interact with miR-205-5p in TECs. Overall, miR-205-5p is an important regulator of TECs proliferation and regulates age-associated thymus involution via the miR-205-5p-FA2H-TFAP2A feedback regulatory circuit. miR-205-5p might act as a potential biomarker in TECs for age-related thymus involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishuang Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Xintong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Boning Li
- the Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Rui Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Kaizhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Bingxin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China
| | - Yongjiang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China.
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, China.
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Li C, Zheng H, Hou W, Bao H, Xiong J, Che W, Gu Y, Sun H, Liang P. Long non-coding RNA linc00645 promotes TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating miR-205-3p-ZEB1 axis in glioma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:717. [PMID: 31558707 PMCID: PMC6763487 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1948-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) play a vital role in tumor progression. However, the role of linc00645-induced accelerated malignant behavior in glioblastoma (GBM) remains unknown. In the present study, linc00645 expression was significantly upregulated in GBM tissues and cell lines. High level of linc00645 was associated with poor overall survival in GBM patients. Knockdown of linc00645 suppressed the proliferation, stemness, migration, invasion, and reversed transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-induced motility of glioma cell lines. Furthermore, linc00645 directly interacted with miR-205-3p and upregulated of miR-205-3p impeded efficiently the increase of ZEB1 induced by linc00645 overexpression. Moreover, knockdown of linc00645 significantly suppressed the progression of glioma cells in vivo. miR-205-3p was a target of linc00645 and linc00645 modulates TGF-β-induced glioma cell migration and invasion via miR-205-3p. Taken together, our findings identified the linc00645/miR-205-3p/ZEB1 signaling axis as a key player in EMT of glioma cells triggered by TGF-β. These data elucidated that linc00645 plays an oncogenic role in glioma and it may serve as a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hongshan Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P.R. China
| | - Weiliang Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jinsheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P.R. China
| | - Wanli Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P.R. China
| | - Haiming Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics (Harbin Medical University), Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P.R. China.
| | - Peng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P.R. China.
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10
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Gurvits N, Autere TA, Repo H, Nykänen M, Kuopio T, Kronqvist P, Talvinen K. Proliferation-associated miRNAs-494, -205, -21 and -126 detected by in situ hybridization: expression and prognostic potential in breast carcinoma patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:657-666. [PMID: 29362919 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To visualize by in situ hybridization (ISH) the levels of a set of proliferation-associated miRNAs and to evaluate their impact and clinical applicability in prognostication of invasive breast carcinoma. METHODS Tissue specimen from breast carcinoma patients were investigated for miRNAs-494, -205, -21 and -126. Prognostic associations for levels of miRNAs were analyzed based on complete clinical data and up to 22.5-year follow-up of the patient material (n = 285). For detection of the miRNAs, an automated sensitive protocol applying in situ hybridization was developed. RESULTS MiRNA-494 indicated prognostic value for patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Among node-negative disease reduced level of miRNA-494 predicted 8.5-fold risk of breast cancer death (p = 0.04). Altered levels and expression patterns of the studied miRNAs were observed in breast carcinomas as compared to benign breast tissue. CONCLUSIONS The present paper reports for the first time on the prognostic value of miRNA-494 in invasive breast cancer. Particularly, detection of miRNA-494 could benefit patients with node-negative breast cancer in identifying subgroups with aggressive disease. Based on our experience, the developed automatic ISH method to visualize altered levels of miRNAs-494, -205, -21 and -126 could be applied to routine pathology diagnostics providing that conditions of tissue treatment, especially fixation delays, are managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gurvits
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tuomo-Artturi Autere
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heli Repo
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjukka Nykänen
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Teijo Kuopio
- Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pauliina Kronqvist
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kati Talvinen
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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11
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Chen W, Kong KK, Xu XK, Chen C, Li H, Wang FY, Peng XF, Zhang Z, Li P, Li JL, Li FC. Downregulation of miR‑205 is associated with glioblastoma cell migration, invasion, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, by targeting ZEB1 via the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2017; 52:485-495. [PMID: 29345288 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of malignant brain tumor. In spite of recent advancements in surgical techniques, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, patients with GBM often face a dire prognosis. MicroRNAs have been shown to modulate the aggressiveness of various cancers, and have emerged as possible therapeutic agents for the management of GBM. miR‑205 is dysregulated in glioma and act as a prognostic indicator. However, the role of miR‑205 in the development of GBM has not been elucidated. To better understand the pathogenesis of GBM, we examine the biological significance and molecular mechanisms of miR‑205 in GBM cells. Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) has been shown to regulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is strongly associated with GBM malignancy. In the present study, we show miR‑205 expression is reduced in GBM tissues and cell lines, and ZEB1 expression is inversely correlated with miR‑205 expression. We also show ZEB1 is a downstream target of miR‑205 and the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is activated when miR‑205 interacts with ZEB1. Increased activity of miR‑205 in GBM cells significantly inhibits migration and invasion, and prevents EMT. Furthermore, overexpression of ZEB1 partially abolishes these inhibitory effects of miR‑205. We show that miR‑205 negatively regulates the expression of ZEB1 in GBM, inhibits cell migration and invasion, and prevents EMT, at least in part through the inhibition of the activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Our results indicate miR‑205 may be an efficacious therapeutic agent in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Kuan-Kei Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ke Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Fang Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Liang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Cheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, P.R. China
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Ding L, Wang L, Guo F. microRNA‑188 acts as a tumour suppressor in glioma by directly targeting the IGF2BP2 gene. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7124-7130. [PMID: 28901413 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common and aggressive human brain tumour and accounts for ~35‑61% of intracranial tumours. Despite considerable advances in treatments for glioma, the prognosis for patients with this disease remains unsatisfactory. MicroRNAs (miRNAs of miRs) are small regulatory RNA molecules that have been identified as being involved in the initiation and progression of human cancers, and represent novel therapeutic targets for anticancer treatments. The dysregulation of miR‑188 has been reported in various kinds of human cancer. However, its expression pattern, biological roles and potential mechanism in glioma remain unknown. Expression levels of miR‑188 in glioma tissues and cell lines were detected through reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and migration and invasion assays were used to explore the effects of miR‑188 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays were performed to examine insulin‑like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) as a target gene of miR‑188. RT‑qPCR and Spearman's correlation analysis were then performed to measure IGF2BP2 mRNA expression in clinical glioma tissues and its correlation with miR‑188 expression. The regulatory effect of miR‑188 on IGF2BP2 expression was also investigated through RT‑qPCR and western blotting analysis. Finally, the biological roles of IGF2BP2 in glioma cells were assessed. miR‑188 levels were significantly reduced in glioma tissues and cell lines compared with adjacent normal tissues and normal human astrocytes, respectively. In addition, miR‑188 overexpression suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma. The present study identified IGF2BP2 as a direct target of miR‑188 in glioma, and IGF2BP2 under‑expression served tumour‑suppressive roles in glioma growth and metastasis. Thus, miR‑188 had a similar role in glioma by inhibiting the action of its downstream target, IGF2BP2. Therefore, miR‑188 may be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
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13
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Ji T, Zhang X, Li W. microRNA-205 acts as a tumor suppressor and directly targets YAP1 in glioma. Mol Med Rep 2017. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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14
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Liu X, Song B, Li S, Wang N, Yang H. Identification and functional analysis of the risk microRNAs associated with cerebral low-grade glioma prognosis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1173-1179. [PMID: 28586047 PMCID: PMC5562009 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are associated with neurological disability. The present study used microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles to identify risk miRNAs for potential prognosis of cerebral LGGs. miRNA expression profiles and clinical data from 408 patients with cerebral LGGs were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Risk miRNAs were identified by plotting Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis with the survival and KMsurv packages in R. A regulatory network of miRNA-targets was constructed, followed by gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of miRNA targets was built using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes software, and sub-pathway identification was performed using the iSubpathwayMiner package in R. In total, 39 miRNAs had significant effect on survival curves. Following the Cox analysis and construction of miRNA-targets regulatory network, hsa-miRNA (miR)-326 was identified to regulate 397 target genes. Additionally, targets of miR-326 were primarily enriched in the GO terms of cell proliferation, epithelial growth factor receptor and nerve growth factor signaling pathways. Additionally, son of sevenless homolog 1 (SOS1), neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS), vitamin D receptor (VDR) and mothers against decapentaplegic family member 3 (SMAD3) were most enriched in the PPI network. Targets of miR-326 were primarily enriched in sub-pathways including sphingolipid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism, in which sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SGMS1) and hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (HPGDS) were screened out. Hsa-miR-326 was identified as a risk miRNA for prognosis and may improve the outcome prediction of patients with cerebral LGG. This miRNA may regulate cancer cell proliferation by targeting SOS1, NRAS, VDR, SMAD3, SGMS1 and HPGDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Shanji Li
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, P.R. China
| | - Hongfa Yang
- Department of Neurotrauma, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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15
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Xiao ZQ, Yin TK, Li YX, Zhang JH, Gu JJ. miR-130b regulates the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of glioma cells via targeting of CYLD. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:167-174. [PMID: 28534976 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that play important roles in gliomas. However, the role of miR-130b in glioma remains unclear. In the present study, miR-130b expression was upregulated in glioma tissues and cell lines. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the upregulation of miR-130b expression correlated with poor prognoses in glioma patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that this upregulation and a high-grade classification were independent factors that both predicted poor outcomes for glioma patients. Dual-luciferase assays identified that the cylindromatosis (CYLD) gene is a direct target of miR-130b. Functional studies demonstrated that a miR-130b mimic significantly promoted the growth and invasion of glioma cells, while also inhibiting apoptosis via selective targeting of CYLD, which was enhanced by CYLD-targeted siRNA. In contrast, a miR‑130b inhibitor suppressed these biological behaviors, and this inhibition was reversed by CYLD-targeted siRNA. These data revealed that miR-130b could act as a novel potential diagnostic biomarker for glioma, while also demonstrating the importance of miR‑130b in the cell proliferation and progression of glioma, indicating that it may serve as a useful therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qiang Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, Henan 476100, P.R. China
| | - Teng-Kun Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Xing Li
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Jian-He Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzong Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Gu
- Stroke Center, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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16
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Ding B, Cui B, Gao M, Li Z, Xu C, Fan S, He W. Knockdown of Ras-Related Protein 25 (Rab25) Inhibits the In Vitro Cytotoxicity and In Vivo Antitumor Activity of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells. Oncol Res 2017; 25:331-340. [PMID: 28281975 PMCID: PMC7841148 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14736286083065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras-related protein 25 (Rab25) is a member of the Rab family, and it has been reported to play an important role in tumorigenesis. However, its direct involvement in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is still unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential role of Rab25 in the growth, proliferation, invasion, and migration of human GBM. Our results showed that Rab25 expression was significantly higher in human GBM cell lines compared with a normal astrocyte cell line. In vitro functional studies revealed that knockdown of Rab25 reduced cell proliferation and inhibited invasion and migration of GBM cells. In vivo experiments showed that knockdown of Rab25 attenuated the tumor growth in nude mice. Finally, knockdown of Rab25 significantly inhibited the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT in GBM cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that Rab25 may act as a tumor promoter in human GBM and that approaches to target Rab25 may provide a novel strategy to treat this disease.
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17
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Kit O, Vodolazhsky D, Rostorguev E, Porksheyan D, Panina S. The role of micro-RNA in the regulation of signal pathways in gliomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 63:481-498. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20176306481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are invasive brain tumors with high rates of recurrence and mortality. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most deadly form of glioma with nearly 100% rate of recurrence and unfavorable prognosis in patients. Micro-RNAs (miR) are the class of wide-spread short non-coding RNAs that inhibit translation via binding to the mRNA of target genes. The aim of the present review is to analyze recent studies and experimental results concerning aberrant expression profiles of miR, which target components of the signaling pathways Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt, EGFR, TGFb, HIF1a in glioma/glioblastoma. Particularly, the interactions of miR with targets of 2-hydroxyglutarate (the product of mutant isocytrate dehydrogenase, R132H IDH1, which is specific for the glioma pathogenesis) have been considered in the present review. Detecting specific miRNAs in tissue and serum may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for glioma, as well as for predicting treatment response of an individual patient, and potentially serving as a mechanism for creating personalized treatment strategies
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Affiliation(s)
- O.I. Kit
- Rostov Research Institute of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | | | - E.E. Rostorguev
- Rostov Research Institute of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - D.H. Porksheyan
- Rostov Research Institute of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - S.B. Panina
- Rostov Research Institute of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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18
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Shea A, Harish V, Afzal Z, Chijioke J, Kedir H, Dusmatova S, Roy A, Ramalinga M, Harris B, Blancato J, Verma M, Kumar D. MicroRNAs in glioblastoma multiforme pathogenesis and therapeutics. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1917-46. [PMID: 27282910 PMCID: PMC4971921 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal cancer of the adult brain, remaining incurable with a median survival time of only 15 months. In an effort to identify new targets for GBM diagnostics and therapeutics, recent studies have focused on molecular phenotyping of GBM subtypes. This has resulted in mounting interest in microRNAs (miRNAs) due to their regulatory capacities in both normal development and in pathological conditions such as cancer. miRNAs have a wide range of targets, allowing them to modulate many pathways critical to cancer progression, including proliferation, cell death, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. This review explores our current understanding of miRNAs that are differentially modulated and pathologically involved in GBM as well as the current state of miRNA-based therapeutics. As the role of miRNAs in GBM becomes more well understood and novel delivery methods are developed and optimized, miRNA-based therapies could provide a critical step forward in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Shea
- Division of Science and MathematicsCancer Research LaboratoryUniversity of the District of ColumbiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20008
| | | | - Zainab Afzal
- Division of Science and MathematicsCancer Research LaboratoryUniversity of the District of ColumbiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20008
| | - Juliet Chijioke
- Division of Science and MathematicsCancer Research LaboratoryUniversity of the District of ColumbiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20008
| | - Habib Kedir
- Division of Science and MathematicsCancer Research LaboratoryUniversity of the District of ColumbiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20008
| | - Shahnoza Dusmatova
- Division of Science and MathematicsCancer Research LaboratoryUniversity of the District of ColumbiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20008
| | - Arpita Roy
- Division of Science and MathematicsCancer Research LaboratoryUniversity of the District of ColumbiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20008
| | - Malathi Ramalinga
- Division of Science and MathematicsCancer Research LaboratoryUniversity of the District of ColumbiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20008
| | - Brent Harris
- Department of Neurology and PathologyGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20057
| | - Jan Blancato
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20057
| | - Mukesh Verma
- Division of Cancer Control and Population SciencesNational Cancer Institute (NCI)National Institutes of Health (NIH)RockvilleMaryland20850
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Division of Science and MathematicsCancer Research LaboratoryUniversity of the District of ColumbiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20008
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20057
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19
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Gu JJ, Gao GZ, Zhang SM. MiR-218 inhibits the tumorgenesis and proliferation of glioma cells by targeting Robo1. Cancer Biomark 2016; 16:309-17. [PMID: 26889813 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant glioma is the most common primary brain tumors directly correlated with the high mortality and poor prognosis in clinical practice. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) influence numerous cancer-relevant processes including cell proliferation, differentiation and metabolism. However, the role of microRNA in malignant glioma is largely unknown. This study aimed to study the role of miR-218, a tumor-suppressive microRNA, in glioma development both in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The expression level of miR-218, Slit2 and Robo1 was examined by either quantitative (polymerase chain reaction) or western-blotting from both human glioma tissue and glioma cell lines. U87 cells were transfected with miR-218 and then the expression levels of Slit2 and Robo1 were quantified. Cell proliferation was measured both by the in vitro proliferation assay and in vivo graft studies. The luciferase reporter assay was employed to validate the downstream target of miR-218. RESULTS The expression of miR-218 was lower in glioma cell lines and glioma tissues from the patients with decreased Slit2 and increased Robo1 protein levels. The over-expression of miR-218 inhibited the tumorgenesis and proliferation of glioma cells remarkably. Furthermore, the over-expressing miR-218 in glioma cells results in the downregulation of Robo1 and upregulation of Slit2. Using luciferase reporter assays, we found that Robo1 was a direct downstream target of miR-218. CONCLUSION Over-expression of miR-218 in glioma cells may inhibit the proliferation and tumorigenicity through targeting Robo1, suggesting that miR-218 could be a potential target for developing therapies in treating glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou General Hospital, Xiamen University Medical College, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of The Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang-Zhong Gao
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of The Nantong University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi-Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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20
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Areeb Z, Stylli SS, Koldej R, Ritchie DS, Siegal T, Morokoff AP, Kaye AH, Luwor RB. MicroRNA as potential biomarkers in Glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 2015; 125:237-48. [PMID: 26391593 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and lethal tumour of the central nervous system and as such the identification of reliable prognostic and predictive biomarkers for patient survival and tumour recurrence is paramount. MicroRNA detection has rapidly emerged as potential biomarkers, in patients with glioblastoma. Over the last decade, analysis of miRNA in laboratory based studies have yielded several candidates as potential biomarkers however, the accepted use of these candidates in the clinic is yet to be validated. Here we will examine the use of miRNA signatures to improve glioblastoma stratification into subgroups and summarise recent advances made in miRNA examination as potential biomarkers for glioblastoma progression and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zammam Areeb
- Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Stanley S Stylli
- Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Rachel Koldej
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
- Haematology and Immunology Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Immunology Research Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David S Ritchie
- ACRF Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
- Haematology and Immunology Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Immunology Research Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tali Siegal
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Davidoff Institute of Oncology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tokva, Israel
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kaye
- Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Clinical Sciences Building, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia.
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21
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Yue X, Lan F, Hu M, Pan Q, Wang Q, Wang J. Downregulation of serum microRNA-205 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for human glioma. J Neurosurg 2015; 124:122-8. [PMID: 26230475 DOI: 10.3171/2015.1.jns141577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of highly promising cancer biomarkers. Malignant glioma is one of the most devastating and lethal forms of intrinsic CNS tumor. Here, the authors evaluated serum miRNA 205 (miR-205) levels in patients with glioma. METHODS Sixty-four patients in whom glioma was diagnosed and 45 healthy controls were recruited between October 2011 and March 2012 and randomly assigned to the screening cohort or the validation cohort. Cohorts of patients with other brain tumors, including meningioma (n = 8), primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the CNS (n = 6), and pituitary adenoma (n = 5), were investigated and compared. miR-205 extraction from serum was detected by real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to perform survival analysis, the risk factors were analyzed by using a Cox regression model, and the receiver operating characteristic working curve was used to analyze the value of miR-205 in the prognostic evaluation of the patients. RESULTS The authors first demonstrated that serum miR-205 expression was significantly lower in patients with glioma than in healthy controls (p < 0.001). It is important to note that serum miR-205 expression demonstrated a stepwise decrease with ascending pathological grades. The serum miR-205 biomarker had high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in patients with glioma. Serum levels of miR-205 were identified as an individual diagnostic marker and were significantly lower in the glioma cohort than in the other brain tumor cohorts. Serum miR-205 levels were significantly increased in postoperative samples over those in the preoperative samples and were reduced again during glioblastoma recurrences. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between low serum miR-205 expression and both ascending pathological grades (p = 0.002) and low Karnofsky Performance Scale scores (p = 0.01). Patients with glioma at an advanced pathological grade (Grade III or IV) and a higher miR-205 serum level showed longer overall survival than those with a lower miR-205 serum concentration (p < 0.01). Furthermore, Cox regression analysis revealed that miR-205 serum levels were independently associated with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that serum miR-205 expression is a novel and valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of glioma and a prognostic factor for those with a tumor at an advanced pathological grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yue
- Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Neurosurgery Institute
| | - FengMing Lan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin
| | - Man Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan; and
| | - Qiang Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laiwu City People's Hospital (Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical College), Laiwu, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Neurosurgery Institute
| | - JinHuan Wang
- Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin Neurosurgery Institute
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Wang B, Li M, Wu Z, Li X, Li YU, Shi X, Cheng W. Associations between SOX2 and miR-200b expression with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with glioma. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:88-96. [PMID: 26170917 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between microRNA (miR)-200b and sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) expression with gender, age, clinical staging and pathological staging in 123 patients with glioma. The results revealed higher miR-200b expression levels in the glioma tissue than in the normal brain tissues, and a reduction in miR-200b expression with increasing pathological grading of the gliomas. Immunohistochemistry revealed a 53.7% gross expression rate of SOX2 in the glioma tissues. SOX2 and miR-200b expression levels were significantly correlated with the histological grading of the gliomas (P<0.05); however, no associations were observed with patient gender, age, pathological classification or clinical staging of the glioma (P>0.05). In patients with grade I and II gliomas, no correlation was detected between miR-200b and SOX2, while a significant correlation was observed in grade III and IV gliomas. A median 52-month follow-up revealed 1-, 3- and 5-year gross survival rates of 82.1, 50.0 and 30.7%, respectively, in the 123 patients with a glioma. Univariate analysis revealed no association between survival rate and patient age, gender, Karnofsky Performance Scale score, histological grading or clinical staging (P>0.05). However, miR-200b and SOX2 were independent prognostic factors for glioma (P<0.05). Patients with positive SOX2 expression exhibited a significantly reduced 5-year survival rate, compared with those with negative SOX2 expression (P<0.001). Furthermore, a significantly higher 5-year survival rate was observed in patients with high miR-200b expression than those with low miR-200b expression (P<0.001). The results indicated that SOX2 and miR-200b expression levels are associated with the histological grading of gliomas, but do not correlate with patient gender or age, or the pathological classification or clinical staging of the gliomas. Thus, miR-200b and SOX2 offer useful independent prognostic factors for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China ; Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China ; Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China ; Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Xiqing Li
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Y U Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China ; Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Xiwen Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China ; Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Wenlan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China ; Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
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Jun GJ, Zhong GG, Ming ZS. miR-218 inhibits the proliferation of glioma U87 cells through the inactivation of the CDK6/cyclin D1/p21 Cip1/Waf1 pathway. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2743-2749. [PMID: 26137139 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common and deadly primary brain tumors in adults and the high proliferative ability of these cells is one of the most important causes of the poor prognosis of this cancer. Suppressing the proliferation of malignant gliomas cells by altering effector molecules can significantly improve the prognosis of a patient. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules ∼22 nucleotides in length that are able to function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in human cancer. In the present study, it was demonstrated that the expression level of miRNA-218 (miR-218) is markedly downregulated in glioma cell lines and human primary glioma tissues. Upregulation of miR-218 in glioma U87 cells dramatically inhibited the proliferation by inducing G1-S checkpoint arrest. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that ectopically expressing miR-218 in glioma U87 cells results in the downregulation of the expression of cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)6 and cyclin D1 and upregulation of the expression of p21Cip1/Waf1. In addition, it was identified that miR-218 inactivated the CDK6/cyclin D1/p21Cip1/Waf1 pathway by downregulating CDK6 expression through the direct targeting of the 3'-untranslated region of CDK6. The present results suggest that miR-218 plays an important role in the prevention of the proliferation of glioma cells, and the present study also revealed a novel mechanism for miRNA-mediated direct suppression of the CDK6/cyclin D1/p21Cip1/Waf1 pathway in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Jian Jun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Gao Guang Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Shi Ming
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Ji Y, Wei Y, Wang J, Gong K, Zhang Y, Zuo H. Correlation of microRNA-10b upregulation and poor prognosis in human gliomas. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6249-54. [PMID: 25773393 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect the association between the microRNA-10b (miR-10b) expression level and prognosis in glioma patients. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was used to measure the expression of miR-10b levels in different-grade glioma tissues and normal brain tissues. The relationship between miR-10b expression levels and clinical pathological characteristics was statistically analyzed. The influence of miR-10b on survival of glioma patients was also analyzed. As a result, miR-10b expression levels in glioma tissues were significantly increased compared to those of normal brain tissues (p < 0.001). And the increased expression levels were associated with the advanced glioma grade (p < 0.001) and larger tumor size (p < 0.001). Moreover, the results of the Kaplan-Meier survival curve indicated that overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were significantly poorer in the high-expression-level group than those in the low-expression-level group (p < 0.001). Finally, the results of the multivariate Cox regression model indicated that the miR-10b expression level was an independent prognostic factor for glioma patients. Taken together, these findings offer convincing evidence that increased miR-10b expression may be an independent marker to predict poor prognosis in patients with gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Ji
- Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
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Zhang JY, Sun MY, Song NH, Deng ZL, Xue CY, Yang J. Prognostic role of microRNA-205 in multiple human malignant neoplasms: a meta-analysis of 17 studies. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e006244. [PMID: 25613953 PMCID: PMC4305071 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNA-205 (miRNA-205) was revealed as an attractive prognostic tumour biomarker in recent studies. However, the results of different studies have been inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis to elucidate the precise predictive value of miRNA-205 in various human malignant neoplasms. DESIGN Meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Qualified studies were identified up to 5 June 2014 by performing online searches in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science, and additional quality evaluations. PARTICIPANTS Seventeen eligible studies with 4827 patients were ultimately enrolled in this meta-analysis. OUTCOME MEASURES The heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I(2) statistics. Pooled HRs with 95% CIs for patient survival and disease recurrence were calculated to investigate the correlation between miRNA-205 expression and cancer prognosis. RESULTS Our results indicate that elevated miRNA-205 was significantly associated with enhanced overall survival in the breast cancer subgroup (HR=0.78, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.91) and superior disease-free survival/recurrence-free survival in the adenocarcinoma subgroup (HR=0.68, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.94). CONCLUSIONS miRNA-205 is a promising biomarker for predicting the recurrence and progression of patients with adenocarcinomas or breast cancer. Owing to its complex roles, further relevant studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-yi Zhang
- From Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng-yan Sun
- From Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital Affiliated To Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-hong Song
- From Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong-lei Deng
- From Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital Of Nanjing Medical University Of TCM,Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-yu Xue
- From Department of Plastic Surgery, Changhai Hospital Affiliated To Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- From Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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26
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Henriksen M, Johnsen KB, Andersen HH, Pilgaard L, Duroux M. MicroRNA expression signatures determine prognosis and survival in glioblastoma multiforme--a systematic overview. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:896-913. [PMID: 24619503 PMCID: PMC4225053 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in our knowledge about glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) pathology, clinical challenges still lie ahead with respect to treatment in GBM due to high prevalence, poor prognosis, and frequent tumor relapse. The implication of microRNAs (miRNAs) in GBM is a rapidly expanding field of research with the aim to develop more targeted molecular therapies. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of all the available literature, evaluating miRNA signatures as a function of prognosis and survival in GBM. The results are presented with a focus on studies derived from clinical data in databases and independent tissue cohorts where smaller samples sizes were investigated. Here, miRNA associated to longer survival (protective) and miRNA with shorter survival (risk-associated) have been identified and their signatures based on different prognostic attributes are described. Finally, miRNAs associated with disease progression or survival in several studies are identified and functionally described. These miRNAs may be valuable for future determination of patient prognosis and could possibly serve as targets for miRNA-based therapies, which hold a great potential in the treatment of this severe malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Henriksen
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Kasper Bendix Johnsen
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Hjalte Holm Andersen
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Linda Pilgaard
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
| | - Meg Duroux
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Institute of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
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Shao N, Wang L, Xue L, Wang R, Lan Q. Plasma miR-454-3p as a potential prognostic indicator in human glioma. Neurol Sci 2014; 36:309-13. [PMID: 25190548 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs, approximately 21-25 nucleotides in length. Recently, some researchers have demonstrated that plasma miRNAs are sensitive and specific biomarkers of various cancers. Using quantitative real-time PCR, the expression levels of miR-454-3p were compared between pre-operative plasmas from 70 glioma patients and 70 healthy controls, and between these pre-operative and post-operative plasmas. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate the association of miR-454-3p with prognosis of glioma patients. The expression levels of miR-454-3p in plasma in glioma patients were significantly higher than that from healthy controls. The expression levels of miR-454-3p were higher in high grade gliomas than in low grade gliomas. The AUC of the expression of miR-454-3p in plasma for glioma diagnosis was 0.9063. The expression levels of miR-454-3p in the post-operative plasmas were significantly downregulated when compared to the pre-operative plasmas. Moreover, the prognosis of glioma with high miR-454-3p expression was significantly worse compared with that of glioma with low miR-454-3p expression. Our results suggested that plasma miR-454-3p could be a novel potential diagnostic biomarker for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyuan Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, #1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
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28
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Noncoding RNAs as novel biomarkers in prostate cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:591703. [PMID: 25243154 PMCID: PMC4163346 DOI: 10.1155/2014/591703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common diagnosed malignant disease in men worldwide. Although serum PSA test dramatically improved the early diagnosis of PCa, it also led to an overdiagnosis and as a consequence to an overtreatment of patients with an indolent disease. New biomarkers for diagnosis, prediction, and monitoring of the disease are needed. These biomarkers would enable the selection of patients with aggressive or progressive disease and, hence, would contribute to the implementation of individualized therapy of the cancer patient. Since the FDA approval of the long noncoding PCA3 RNA-based urine test for the diagnosis of PCa patients, many new noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) associated with PCa have been discovered. According to their size and function, ncRNAs can be divided into small and long ncRNAs. NcRNAs are expressed in (tumor) tissue, but many are also found in circulating tumor cells and in all body fluids as protein-bound or incorporated in extracellular vesicles. In these protected forms they are stable and so they can be easily analyzed, even in archival specimens. In this review, the authors will focus on ncRNAs as novel biomarker candidates for PCa diagnosis, prediction, prognosis, and monitoring of therapeutic response and discuss their potential for an implementation into clinical practice.
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29
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Han S, Feng S, Xu L, Shi W, Wang X, Wang H, Yu C, Dong T, Xu M, Liang G. Tim-3 on peripheral CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells is involved in the development of glioma. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:245-50. [PMID: 24512143 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tim-3 acts as a negative regulatory molecule and plays a critical role in immune tolerance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of Tim-3 on peripheral CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in glioma. A total of 30 newly diagnosed glioma patients and 30 healthy controls were recruited and leukocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed for Tim-3 surface expression by flow cytometry. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was also measured. Data showed that expression of Tim-3 was significantly increased in both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in glioma patients than in controls (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Patients with a higher tumor grade revealed further elevated Tim-3 expression in CD8⁺ T cells compared with those with a lower tumor grade. Also, the Karnofsky score of patients was negatively correlated with the percentage of Tim-3⁺CD8⁺ T cells in glioma patients (p=0.007). In addition, an inverse correlation was observed between the plasma level of TNF-α and Tim-3⁺CD4⁺ T cells (p=0.005) or Tim-3⁺CD8⁺ T cells (p<0.001) in glioma patients. Our results suggested that Tim-3 may be involved in the development of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Han
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing, China
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