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Duncan HF, Kobayashi Y, Kearney M, Shimizu E. Epigenetic therapeutics in dental pulp treatment: Hopes, challenges and concerns for the development of next-generation biomaterials. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:574-593. [PMID: 37213443 PMCID: PMC10199232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This opinion-led review paper highlights the need for novel translational research in vital-pulp-treatment (VPT), but also discusses the challenges in translating evidence to clinics. Traditional dentistry is expensive, invasive and relies on an outmoded mechanical understanding of dental disease, rather than employing a biological perspective that harnesses cell activity and the regenerative-capacity. Recent research has focussed on developing minimally-invasive biologically-based 'fillings' that preserve the dental pulp; research that is shifting the paradigm from expensive high-technology dentistry, with high failure rates, to smart restorations targeted at biological processes. Current VPTs promote repair by recruiting odontoblast-like cells in a material-dependent process. Therefore, exciting opportunities exist for development of next-generation biomaterials targeted at regenerative processes in the dentin-pulp complex. This article analyses recent research using pharmacological-inhibitors to therapeutically-target histone-deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes in dental-pulp-cells (DPCs) that stimulate pro-regenerative effects with limited loss of viability. Consequently, HDAC-inhibitors have the potential to enhance biomaterial-driven tissue responses at low concentration by influencing the cellular processes with minimal side-effects, providing an opportunity to develop a topically-placed, inexpensive bio-inductive pulp-capping material. Despite positive results, clinical translation of these innovations requires enterprise to counteract regulatory obstacles, dental-industry priorities and to develop strong academic/industry partnerships. The aim of this opinion-led review paper is to discuss the potential role of therapeutically-targeting epigenetic modifications as part of a topical VPT strategy in the treatment of the damaged dental pulp, while considering the next steps, material considerations, challenges and future for the clinical development of epigenetic therapeutics or other 'smart' restorations in VPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry F. Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yoshifumi Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Michaela Kearney
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
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2
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Ruan Q, Tan S, Guo L, Ma D, Wen J. Prevascularization techniques for dental pulp regeneration: potential cell sources, intercellular communication and construction strategies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1186030. [PMID: 37274160 PMCID: PMC10232868 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1186030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the difficulties of pulp regeneration is the rapid vascularization of transplanted engineered tissue, which is crucial for the initial survival of the graft and subsequent pulp regeneration. At present, prevascularization techniques, as emerging techniques in the field of pulp regeneration, has been proposed to solve this challenge and have broad application prospects. In these techniques, endothelial cells and pericytes are cocultured to induce intercellular communication, and the cell coculture is then introduced into the customized artificial vascular bed or induced to self-assembly to simulate the interaction between cells and extracellular matrix, which would result in construction of a prevascularization system, preformation of a functional capillary network, and rapid reconstruction of a sufficient blood supply in engineered tissue after transplantation. However, prevascularization techniques for pulp regeneration remain in their infancy, and there remain unresolved problems regarding cell sources, intercellular communication and the construction of prevascularization systems. This review focuses on the recent advances in the application of prevascularization techniques for pulp regeneration, considers dental stem cells as a potential cell source of endothelial cells and pericytes, discusses strategies for their directional differentiation, sketches the mechanism of intercellular communication and the potential application of communication mediators, and summarizes construction strategies for prevascularized systems. We also provide novel ideas for the extensive application and follow-up development of prevascularization techniques for dental pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dandan Ma
- *Correspondence: Dandan Ma, ; Jun Wen,
| | - Jun Wen
- *Correspondence: Dandan Ma, ; Jun Wen,
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3
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Yong J, Gröger S, Wu Z, Ruf S, Ye Y, Chen X. Photobiomodulation Therapy and Pulp-Regenerative Endodontics: A Narrative Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030371. [PMID: 36978762 PMCID: PMC10045842 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) were used to recover the dental pulp’s vitality in order to avoid the undesirable outcomes of conventional endodontic treatment and to promote dentinal formation, especially for immature permanent teeth. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) exhibits photobiological and photochemical effects for improving the root canal’s environmental conditions by compensating for oxidative stress and increasing the blood supply to implanted stem cells and improving their survival. Basic research has revealed that PBMT can modulate human dental pulp stem cells’ (hDPSCs) differentiation, proliferation, and activity, and subsequent tissue activation. However, many unclear points still remain regarding the mechanisms of action induced by PBMT in REPs. Therefore, in this review, we present the applications of laser and PBMT irradiation to the procedures of REPs and in endodontics. In addition, the effects of PBMT on the regenerative processes of hDPSCs are reviewed from biochemical and cytological perspectives on the basis of the available literature. Furthermore, we consider the feasibility of treatment in which PBMT irradiation is applied to stem cells, including dental pulp stem cells, and we discuss research that has reported on its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yong
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Gröger
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Zuping Wu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Yuer Ye
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Correspondence:
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4
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Retana-Lobo C, Reyes-Carmona J. Immunohistochemical characterization of stem cell, vascular, neural, and differentiation markers in the apical papilla and dental pulp of human teeth at various stages of root development. J Histotechnol 2023; 46:17-27. [PMID: 36111541 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2022.2122665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the expression of several differentiation markers in the apical papilla (AP) and dental pulp (DP) of human permanent teeth. Twenty young human teeth were extracted and classified according to three Moorrees tooth development stages: initial root formation (Ri), root length ½ (R1/2), and root length complete (Rc). Immunohistochemical assays were performed using STRO-1, VEGF Receptor-2, Neurofilament heavy (NFH), and Nestin antibodies and analyzed under light microscopy. Decalcified, formalin fixed paraffin embedded tooth sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin showed an apical cell rich zone between the DP and AP. The AP revealed fewer vascular and cellular components than the DP. STRO-1 was expressed on vascular and neuronal elements beneath the odontoblast (OB) and in the sub-odontoblastic (SOB) zone, and VEGFR-2 positive cells were observed in the endothelium, arterioles, and blood vessels. Neuroepithelial stem cell protein (Nestin) was highly expressed in differentiated odontoblasts in the predentin odontotoblast and odontoblast cell processes. Neurofilament heavy (NFH) was expressed in mature axons throughout the DP. STRO-1 and VEGFR-2 microvascular expression was higher at the stages Ri and R1/2 while STRO-1 and NFH expression showed strong spatial distribution of Rc neuronal elements as compared to Ri and R1/2. Differentiated OB and SOB cells showed Nestin expression, indicating a reservoir of newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Retana-Lobo
- Endodontics Section, Restorative Science Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Jessie Reyes-Carmona
- Endodontics Section, Restorative Science Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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5
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Wang N, Gao Y, Ren H, He L, Zhao Y. Histological analysis for pulp mineralisation after severe intrusive luxation of immature molars in rats. Dent Traumatol 2023. [PMID: 36807827 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Pulp mineralisation is a survival process that may occur in the pulp of immature teeth following trauma. However, the mechanism of this process remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological manifestations of pulp mineralisation after intrusion in immature molars of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to intrusive luxation of the right maxillary second molar by an impact force from a striking instrument through a metal force transfer rod. The left maxillary second molar of each rat was used as a control. The control and injured maxillae were collected at 3, 7, 10, 14, and 30 days after trauma (n = 15 per time group) and evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Independent two-tailed Student's t-test was used for statistical comparison of the immunoreactive area. RESULTS Pulp atrophy and mineralisation were observed in 30%-40% of the animals, and no pulp necrosis occurred. Ten days after trauma, pulp mineralisation, with osteoid tissue rather than reparative dentin, formed around the newly vascularised areas in the coronal pulp. CD90-immunoreactive cells were observed in the sub-odontoblastic multicellular layer in control molars, whereas the number of these cells was decreased in the traumatised teeth. CD105 localised in cells around the pulp osteoid tissue of the traumatised teeth, whereas in control teeth, it was only expressed in the vascular endothelial cells of capillaries in the odontoblastic or sub-odontoblastic layers. In specimens with pulp atrophy at 3-10 days after trauma, hypoxia inducible factor expression and CD11b-immunoreactive inflammatory cells increased. CONCLUSIONS Following intrusive luxation of immature teeth without crown fractures in rats, no pulp necrosis occurred. Instead, pulp atrophy and osteogenesis around neovascularisation with activated CD105-immunoreactive cells were observed in the coronal pulp microenvironment characterised by hypoxia and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yike Gao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Ren
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Linhai He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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6
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Duncan HF, Kobayashi Y, Yamauchi Y, Quispe-Salcedo A, Chao Feng Z, Huang J, Partridge NC, Nakatani T, D’Armiento J, Shimizu E. The Critical Role of MMP13 in Regulating Tooth Development and Reactionary Dentinogenesis Repair Through the Wnt Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:883266. [PMID: 35531096 PMCID: PMC9068941 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.883266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13) is important for bone formation and remodeling; however, its role in tooth development remains unknown. To investigate this, MMP13-knockout (Mmp13−/−) mice were used to analyze phenotypic changes in the dentin–pulp complex, mineralization-associated marker-expression, and mechanistic interactions. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated high MMP13-expression in pulp-tissue, ameloblasts, odontoblasts, and dentin in developing WT-molars, which reduced in adults, with human-DPC cultures demonstrating a >2000-fold increase in Mmp13-expression during mineralization. Morphologically, Mmp13−/− molars displayed critical alterations in the dentin-phenotype, affecting dentin-tubule regularity, the odontoblast-palisade and predentin-definition with significantly reduced dentin volume (∼30% incisor; 13% molar), and enamel and dentin mineral-density. Reactionary-tertiary-dentin in response to injury was reduced at Mmp13−/− molar cusp-tips but with significantly more dystrophic pulpal mineralization in MMP13-null samples. Odontoblast differentiation-markers, nestin and DSP, reduced in expression after MMP13-loss in vivo, with reduced calcium deposition in MMP13-null DPC cultures. RNA-sequencing analysis of WT and Mmp13−/− pulp highlighted 5,020 transcripts to have significantly >2.0-fold change, with pathway-analysis indicating downregulation of the Wnt-signaling pathway, supported by reduced in vivo expression of the Wnt-responsive gene Axin2. Mmp13 interaction with Axin2 could be partly responsible for the loss of odontoblastic activity and alteration to the tooth phenotype and volume which is evident in this study. Overall, our novel findings indicate MMP13 as critical for tooth development and mineralization processes, highlighting mechanistic interaction with the Wnt-signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry F. Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Henry F. Duncan, ; Emi Shimizu,
| | - Yoshifumi Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Yukako Yamauchi
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Zhi Chao Feng
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Nicola C. Partridge
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Teruyo Nakatani
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University Dentistry, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jeanine D’Armiento
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Centre, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Henry F. Duncan, ; Emi Shimizu,
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7
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Leptin in Dental Pulp and Periapical Tissues: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041984. [PMID: 35216099 PMCID: PMC8880140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a non-glycosylated 16 kDa protein synthesized mainly in adipose cells. The main function of leptin is to regulate energy homeostasis and weight control in a central manner. There is increasing evidence that leptin also has systemic effects, acting as a link between innate and acquired immune responses. The expression of leptin and its receptor in human dental pulp and periradicular tissues have already been described, as well as several stimulatory effects of leptin protein expression in dental and periodontal tissues. The aim of this paper was to review and to compile the reported scientific literature on the role and effects of leptin in the dental pulp and periapical tissues. Twelve articles accomplished the inclusion criteria, and a comprehensive narrative review was carried out. Review of the available scientific literature concluded that leptin has the following effects on pulpal and periapical physiology: 1) Stimulates odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), 2) Increases the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), odontoblastic proteins involved in odontoblastic differentiation and dentin mineralization, 3) Stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in human dental pulp tissue and primary cultured cells of human dental pulp (hDPCs), 4) Stimulates angiogenesis in rat dental pulp cells, and 5) Induces the expression of interleucinas 6 and 8 in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). There is evidence which suggests that leptin is implicated in the dentin mineralization process and in pulpal and periapical inflammatory and reparative responses.
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8
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Sandora N, Fitria NA, Kusuma TR, Winarno GA, Tanjunga SF, Wardhana A. Amnion bilayer for dressing and graft replacement for delayed grafting of full-thickness burns; A study in a rat model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262007. [PMID: 35061768 PMCID: PMC8782387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Burn is a common case in developing countries, with over half of fire-related deaths reported in Southeast Asia and full-thickness burns as a high mortality risk. Human amnion has been used as a wound dressing for centuries. In this study, a decellularised amnion overlaid with fibrin, “amnion bilayer (AB),” was used as a dressing immediately after burn and as a graft to replace the scar in Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to full-thickness burn model. The aim was to observe whether amnion bilayer can reduce damages in third-grade burn when skin replacement is deemed impossible. The burn was induced using an electrical solder, heated for 5 mins, and contacted on the rat’s bare skin for 20 s. AB was applied as a (i) dressing immediately after induction and graft after eschar removal. Two groups (n = 6) were compared: AB and Sofra-Tulle ®, the National Hospital of Indonesia (NHI) protocol. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome stains. Immunohistochemistry labelling was used to indicate scars (α-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA] and collagen-1) and angiogenesis (von Willebrand factor). Also, the macrophages inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) indicates an early inflammatory process. The post dressing of the AB group demonstrated hair follicle remains and adipose tissue development. The NHI group appeared with a denatured matrix. Complete healing was seen in the AB group after 28 days with skin appendages similar to normal, while the NHI group showed no appendages in the centre of the actively inflamed area. The α-SMA was found in both groups. Collagen-1 was highly expressed in the NHI group, which led to a scar. Angiogenesis was found more in the AB group. The AB group had shown the capacity to accelerate complete healing and recover skin appendages better than the current protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Normalina Sandora
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
- Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nur Amalina Fitria
- Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tyas Rahmah Kusuma
- Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Gammaditya Adhibarata Winarno
- Burn Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sanjaya Faisal Tanjunga
- Burn Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aditya Wardhana
- Burn Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- * E-mail:
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9
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Margono A, Bagio DA, Julianto I, Suprastiwi E. The Effect of Calcium Gluconate on Platelet Rich Plasma Activation for VEGF-A Expression of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:424-429. [PMID: 34937106 PMCID: PMC9339933 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) activation is an important factor in triggering the initial release of blood-derived growth factors from platelets. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) can be expressed by human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and plays an important role in dental pulp angiogenesis. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of calcium gluconate on PRP activation in hDPSC VEGF-A expression.
Materials and Methods
Two types of PRP and their corresponding activators were analyzed in this study: PRP (activated using calcium chloride/CaCl
2
) and PRP-T (activated using CaCl
2
with the addition of 10% calcium gluconate). hDPSCs were obtained by using an out-growth method (DPSCs-OG), and harvest between the fifth and sixth passages, then cultured in three different media groups: control, PRP, and PRP-T, which were planted in 96 wells (5 × 10
3
each well). The VEGF-A expression of hDPSCs was analyzed by using an ELISA test and observed at 24, 48, and 72 hours.
Statistical Analysis
This study was performed by using one-way ANOVA (
p
< 0.05) test.
Results
There were significant differences between all groups (
p
< 0.05) at 48 and 72 hours of observations, and no significant differences in the PRP and PRP-T groups at 48 and 72 hours of observations (
p
> 0.05).
Conclusion
PRP and PRP-T were equally effective in inducing VEGF-A expression of hDPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anggraini Margono
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dini Asrianti Bagio
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Indah Julianto
- Department of Dermato Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Solo Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endang Suprastiwi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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10
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Bergamo MT, Vitor LLR, Dionísio TJ, Marques NCT, Oliveira RC, Ambrosio ECP, Sakai VT, Santos CF, Lourenço Neto N, Machado MAAM, Oliveira TM. Could the photobiomodulation therapy induce angiogenic growth factors expression from dental pulp cells? Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:1751-1758. [PMID: 33796964 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different photobiomodulation (PBM) radiant exposures on the viability, proliferation, and gene expression of pulp fibroblasts from human primary teeth (HPF) involved in the pulp tissue repair. HPF were irradiated with Laser InGaAlP (Twin Flex Evolution, MMOptics®) at 660-nm wavelength (red); single time, continuous mode, 0.04-cm2 laser tip area, and 0.225-cm laser tip diameter, keeping the distance of 1 mm between the laser beam and the cell culture. The doses used were between 1.2 and 6.2 J/cm2 and were evaluated at the 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after PBM. MTT and crystal violet assays evaluated the cell viability and proliferation. RT-PCR verified VEGF and FGF-2 mRNA expression. A blinded examiner analyzed the data through two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (p < 0.05). The groups with higher powers (10 mW, 15 mW, 20 mW, and 25 mW), shortest application periods (10 s), and radiant exposures between 2.5 and 6.2 J/cm2 exhibited statistically higher viability than that of the groups with small power (5 mW), longer application period (50 s), and radiant exposure of 6.2 J/cm2 (p < 0.05). VEGF and FGF-2 mRNA expression were observed at the three evaluated periods (6 h, 12 h, and 24 h) and the highest expression was in the shortest period (p < 0.05). All radiant exposures maintained HPF viable. The period of 6 h after irradiation showed statistically greater gene expression for both growth factors than other periods. VEGF mRNA had no differences among the dosimetries studied. The best radiant exposures for FGF-2 gene expression were 2.5 J/cm2 and 3.7 J/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Tavares Bergamo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Collective Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago José Dionísio
- Department of Biology Science, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Cardoso Oliveira
- Department of Biology Science, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Eloá Cristina Passucci Ambrosio
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Collective Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Vivien Thiemy Sakai
- Department of Clinics and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, 37130 000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ferreira Santos
- Department of Biology Science, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Natalino Lourenço Neto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Collective Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Andrade Moreira Machado
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Collective Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Thais Marchini Oliveira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Collective Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Alameda Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil.
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11
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Caviedes-Bucheli J, Lopez-Moncayo LF, Muñoz-Alvear HD, Gomez-Sosa JF, Diaz-Barrera LE, Curtidor H, Munoz HR. Expression of substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide and vascular endothelial growth factor in human dental pulp under different clinical stimuli. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:152. [PMID: 33757513 PMCID: PMC7988903 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to measure the dental pulp inflammatory response through neuropeptides (SP and CGRP) as a response to occlusal trauma, orthodontic movements and a combination of both, as well as the angiogenic defense mechanism through VEGF expression, which could be the initial step to mineralized tissue formation. METHODS Forty human dental pulp samples were collected from healthy first premolars with extraction indicated due to orthodontic reasons from a sample of 20 patients. Patients were divided into four groups with 10 premolars each (1 mandibular and 1 maxillary premolar from each patient): healthy pulp control group, occlusal trauma group, moderate orthodontic forces group; and occlusal trauma plus moderate orthodontic forces group. Stimuli were applied for 24 h before tooth extraction in all experimental groups. All samples were processed, and SP, CGRP, and VEGF were measured by radioimmunoassay. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to assess significant differences among groups and Mann-Whitney's U post hoc pairwise comparisons were also performed. RESULTS The highest increase in SP, CGRP, and VEGF expressions was found in the occlusal trauma plus orthodontic forces group, followed by the moderate orthodontic forces, the occlusal trauma and the control groups, with statistically significant differences between all groups for each of the 3 peptides analyzed (Kruskal-Wallis p < 0.001). All possible pairwise post-hoc comparisons were also significant for each peptide analyzed (Mann-Whitney's U p < 0.001). CONCLUSION SP, CGRP, and VEGF expressions significantly increase in human dental pulps when stimulated by occlusal trauma combined with moderate orthodontic forces, as compared with these two stimuli applied independently. Name of the registry: Importance of Neurogenic Inflammation in the Angiogenic Response of the Dental Pulp as a Defensive Response. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03804034. Date of registration: 01/15/2019 Retrospectively registered. URL of trial registry record: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03804034?term=NCT03804034&draw=2&rank=1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Caviedes-Bucheli
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontologicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Endodontics Department, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Pasto, Colombia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hugo Roberto Munoz
- Endodontics Department, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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12
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Nagaraja S, Mathew S, Abraham A, Ramesh P, Chandanala S. Evaluation of vascular endothelial growth factor - A release from platelet-rich fibrin, platelet-rich fibrin matrix, and dental pulp at different time intervals. J Conserv Dent 2021; 23:359-363. [PMID: 33623236 PMCID: PMC7883787 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_465_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lack of collateral blood supply and the low compliance environment of pulp makes its healing, a challenge. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a primary angiogenic growth factor. Knowledge of dose and time-dependent expression of VEGF from platelet concentrates, namely platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and PRF matrix (PRFM), along with vital pulp can aid in developing strategies to improve the outcome of vital pulp therapy and regenerative procedures. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare VEGF kinetics of PRF, PRFM, and dental pulp. Materials and Methods The PRF, PRFM, and vital dental pulp were placed in culture media for a week; the supernatant was collected from these samples at days 1, 4, and 7. VEGF-A expression was evaluated using ELISA and compared with the weight of the sample so as to quantify the release of VEGF-A per milligram of sample. Results PRF exhibited maximum VEGF-A release on day 4 and was sustained till day 7. In contrast, PRFM and dental pulp showed no significant release of VEGF-A till day 7. However, on day 7, there was a rapid increase in VEGF-A expression from dental pulp that was comparable to PRF. On comparing the release of VEGF-A per milligram of tissue, pulp exhibited the maximum values. Conclusion Among the platelet concentrates, differential expression of VEGF-A was superior in PRF. The use of PRF in partial pulpitis should be explored in order to restore pulp vascularity and hasten pulpal healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Nagaraja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sylvia Mathew
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Anil Abraham
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Poornima Ramesh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shashank Chandanala
- Department of Adult Stem Cells, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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13
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Caviedes-Bucheli J, Lopez-Moncayo LF, Muñoz-Alvear HD, Hernandez-Acosta F, Pantoja-Mora M, Rodriguez-Guerrero AS, López-Ordoñez A, Díaz LE, Gomez-Sosa JF, Munoz HR. Expression of early angiogenesis indicators in mature versus immature teeth. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:324. [PMID: 33183306 PMCID: PMC7664071 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper oxygen balance in the dental pulp is essential for cell metabolism. Angiogenesis in the pulp is a constant process during the life of the tooth. Hypoxia indicators in a tissue, such as HIF-1α, as well as vascular destabilization markers, such as ANG2 and its receptor TIE2, are necessary for angiogenesis. Therefore the purpose of this study is to evaluate the expression of HIF-1α, ANG1, ANG2 and TIE2 in dental pulp as early angiogenesis indicators in teeth with complete and incomplete root development. METHODS Forty human dental pulps were obtained from freshly extracted third molars divided into two groups: incomplete (n = 20) and complete (n = 20) root development. Dental pulps were stored at - 80 °C, defrosted in an ice bath and re-frozen with their respective thaws to disintegrate the tissue. Three sonication cycles were performed until the tissues were homogenized, then thaw were centrifuged and the supernatant was collected for the detection of the markers to be studied. The samples were processed for the ELISA test using the ELISA-sandwich principle. Student t and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to determine statistically significant differences between groups. RESULTS In the complete root development, HIF-1α, ANG1, ANG2 and TIE2 expressions were significantly higher than their expression in the incomplete root development group. CONCLUSIONS The angiogenic process seems to be a physiological process in the dental pulp. Angiogenic activity is higher in teeth with mature than immature apex teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Caviedes-Bucheli
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontologicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia.
- Endodontics Department, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Pasto, Colombia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luis E Díaz
- Engineer School, Universidad de La Sabana, Chia, Colombia
| | | | - Hugo R Munoz
- Endodontics Department, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
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14
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Effects of ınjectable platelet-rich fibrin in experimental periodontitis in rats. Odontology 2020; 109:422-432. [PMID: 33068206 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) is an effective biological material that positively contributes to angiogenesis, wound healing, inflammation, regeneration processes, etc. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of i-PRF in rats with experimental periodontitis. Following the development of ligature-induced periodontitis, 24 Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. Group-1: scaling and root planing (only-SRP); Group-2: SRP + i-PRF; Group-3: only- i-PRF. Heart blood from six donors was used for the i-PRF application. i-PRF was administered as a subgingival injection in the relevant groups on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days. The tissues were evaluated histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Also, bone structures were examined using micro-CT. According to the data obtained, no statistically significant difference was observed among the groups in terms of bone resorption, inflammation, bone volume, bone levels (mesial/distal), and IL-1β, IFN-ɤ, TNF-α, VEGF values (p > 0.05). However, bone mineral density was statistically significantly different among the groups (Group3 > Group2 > Group1) (p < 0.0001). Subgingival injection of only-i-PRF showed promising results in periodontitis treatment but contribution to SRP has not been proved according to this study results. The study results suggested that the i-PRF application was as effective as SRP in reducing bone loss, modulating inflammatory process, and effecting cytokines in experimental periodontitis. The significant effect of i-PRF on bone mineral density was the most remarkable result.
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15
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Conte MC, Silveira Teixeira C, Bortoluzzi EA, Felippe WT, Santos LGP, Pandolfo MT, Agostim Cancelier P, Fonseca Roberti Garcia L. Effect of medicaments used in endodontic regeneration on the morphological characteristics of bovine radicular dentin: Experimental immature tooth model. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:354-361. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maira C. Conte
- Department of Dentistry ‐ Endodontics DivisionHealth Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Cleonice Silveira Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry ‐ Endodontics DivisionHealth Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Eduardo A. Bortoluzzi
- Department of Dentistry ‐ Endodontics DivisionHealth Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Wilson T. Felippe
- Department of Dentistry ‐ Endodontics DivisionHealth Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Luciane G. P. Santos
- Department of Semiology and ClinicSchool of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Mariana T. Pandolfo
- Department of Dentistry ‐ Endodontics DivisionHealth Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Patrícia Agostim Cancelier
- Department of Dentistry ‐ Endodontics DivisionHealth Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Lucas Fonseca Roberti Garcia
- Department of Dentistry ‐ Endodontics DivisionHealth Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
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16
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Vascularity and Angiogenic Signaling in the Dentine-Pulp Complex of Immature and Mature Permanent Teeth. Eur Endod J 2020; 4:80-85. [PMID: 32161892 PMCID: PMC7006546 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2019.26349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT. Objective This study aimed to examine the protein and gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietins-1 and 2 in tissue from healthy and inflamed dental pulps. Methods Permanent teeth with pulps diagnosed as healthy or reversible pulpitis were used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gene expression experiments. For IHC, a whole pulp tissue was excavated from the pulp chamber, and it was formalin-fixed and processed for routine IHC with angiogenic markers anti-VEGF, anti-Ang1, and anti-Ang2. Staining was visualized with diaminobenzidine (DAB), and examined using light microscopy. The distribution of markers in healthy and inflamed pulps was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT qPCR) was used to ascertain the gene expression levels of ANGPT1, ANGPT2, and TEK in the presence of inflammation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test with the statistical significance level set at 0.05. Results There was increased protein and mRNA expression of VEGF and Ang-1 markers in inflamed pulp samples as compared with that in the healthy pulp tissue. IHC demonstrated intense expression of the VEGF protein on endothelial cells (EC) and some non-ECs, and there was significantly more staining on ECs associated with inflamed tissue (P<0.001). Ang-1 and Ang-2 were significantly expressed on ECs and non-ECs (P<0.05). RT qPCR did not show significant differences in gene expression between healthy and inflamed samples although similar trends were observed to IHC. Conclusion The presence of Ang-1, Ang-2, VEGF, and TEK gene in healthy and mildly inflamed pulp tissue associated with reversible pulpitis indicates that these angiogenic factors may participate in physiological and pathological angiogenesis and healing. The inflammatory process may regulate Ang-1/Ang2/Tie2 signaling; and together with VEGF, these growth factors have an important role in modulating pulp angiogenesis.
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17
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Yamauchi Y, Cooper PR, Shimizu E, Kobayashi Y, Smith AJ, Duncan HF. Histone Acetylation as a Regenerative Target in the Dentine-Pulp Complex. Front Genet 2020; 11:1. [PMID: 32117431 PMCID: PMC7016267 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
If dental caries (or tooth decay) progresses without intervention, the infection will advance through the dentine leading to severe pulpal inflammation (irreversible pulpitis) and pulp death. The current management of irreversible pulpits is generally root-canal-treatment (RCT), a destructive, expensive, and often unnecessary procedure, as removal of the injurious stimulus alone creates an environment in which pulp regeneration may be possible. Current dental-restorative-materials stimulate repair non-specifically and have practical limitations; as a result, opportunities exist for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to regenerate the damaged dentine-pulp complex. Recently, epigenetic modification of DNA-associated histone ‘tails’ has been demonstrated to regulate the self-renewal and differentiation potential of dental-stem-cell (DSC) populations central to regenerative endodontic treatments. As a result, the activities of histone deacetylases (HDAC) are being recognised as important regulators of mineralisation in both tooth development and dental-pulp-repair processes, with HDAC-inhibition (HDACi) promoting pulp cell mineralisation in vitro and in vivo. Low concentration HDACi-application can promote de-differentiation of DSC populations and conversely, increase differentiation and accelerate mineralisation in DSC populations. Therapeutically, various HDACi solutions can release bioactive dentine-matrix-components (DMCs) from the tooth’s extracellular matrix; solubilised DMCs are rich in growth factors and can stimulate regenerative processes such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and mineralisation. The aim of this mini-review is to discuss the role of histone-acetylation in the regulation of DSC populations, while highlighting the importance of HDAC in tooth development and dental pulp regenerative-mineralisation processes, before considering the potential therapeutic application of HDACi in targeted biomaterials to the damaged pulp to stimulate regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Yamauchi
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul Roy Cooper
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Oral Biology Department, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Yoshifumi Kobayashi
- Oral Biology Department, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Anthony J Smith
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Fergus Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Gaviño Orduña JF, García García M, Dominguez P, Caviedes Bucheli J, Martin Biedma B, Abella Sans F, Manzanares Céspedes MC. Successful pulp revascularization of an autotransplantated mature premolar with fragile fracture apicoectomy and plasma rich in growth factors: a 3-year follow-up. Int Endod J 2019; 53:421-433. [PMID: 31587320 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM This case report demonstrates a positive outcome of the adjuvant use of fragile fracture (FF), which is a technique used to harvest dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in a mandibular premolar (tooth 44) with a completely formed root that was transplanted into a surgically created socket and which maintained pulp vitality and function. SUMMARY After virtual surgical planning, a 3D tooth replica of tooth 44 was fabricated. A surgical socket was created in the position of tooth 14; then, tooth 44 was extracted and the root dentine was abraded using a turbine diamond bur 3 mm from the apex until a circular groove was prepared around the outer circumference of the root; and then, an FF was performed without damaging the pulp tissue. PRP was placed in the socket, after which the donor tooth was inserted in the recipient area. At 2 weeks post-treatment, orthodontic traction was applied. At 3-year follow-up, the tooth had adequate alignment and was asymptomatic. Response to pulp testing was positive, and the presence of pulp canal obliteration was observed as a sign of pulpal healing. KEY LEARNING POINTS Autotransplantation is a good alternative for replacing missing teeth, with repair of tissues and pulp revascularization. Revascularization of an autotransplanted mature tooth using the fragile fracture technique and PRP scaffold is a feasible option and might have positive effects on the long-term outcome of the procedure. Including completely formed teeth as donors in autotransplantation, maintaining vitality and their functions is an option that warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Gaviño Orduña
- Department of Odonto-Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M García García
- Department of Odonto-Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Dominguez
- Department of Odonto-Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Caviedes Bucheli
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontologicas (CIO) Pontificia, Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - B Martin Biedma
- Unit of Dental Pathology and Therapeutics II, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F Abella Sans
- Department of Endodontics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M C Manzanares Céspedes
- Department of Odonto-Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Gomez‐Sosa JF, Caviedes‐Bucheli J, Diaz‐Barrera LE, Munoz HR. Gene expression of growth factors with angiogenic potential in human dental pulp tissue from teeth with complete and incomplete root development. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1716-1722. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. F. Gomez‐Sosa
- Postgraduate Department of Endodontics Universidad Central de Venezuela Caracas Venezuela
| | - J. Caviedes‐Bucheli
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá Colombia
| | | | - H. R. Munoz
- Postgraduate Endodontic Department Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Guatemala City Guatemala
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20
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Bjørndal L, Simon S, Tomson PL, Duncan HF. Management of deep caries and the exposed pulp. Int Endod J 2019; 52:949-973. [PMID: 30985944 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Caries prevalence remains high throughout the world, with the burden of disease increasingly affecting older and socially disadvantaged groups in Western cultures. If left untreated, caries will advance through dentine stimulating pulpitis and eventually pulp infection and necrosis; however, if conservatively managed, pulpal recovery occurs even in deep carious lesions. Traditionally, deep caries management was destructive with nonselective (complete) removal of all carious dentine; however, the promotion of minimally invasive biologically based treatment strategies has been advocated for selective (partial) caries removal and a reduced risk of pulp exposure. Selective caries removal strategies can be one-visit as indirect pulp treatment or two-visit using a stepwise approach. Management strategies for the treatment of the cariously exposed pulp are also shifting with avoidance of pulpectomy and the re-emergence of vital pulp treatment (VPT) techniques such as partial and complete pulpotomy. These changes stem from an improved understanding of the pulp-dentine complex's defensive and reparative response to irritation, with harnessing the release of bioactive dentine matrix components and careful handling of the damaged tissue considered critical. Notably, the development of new pulp capping materials such as mineral trioxide aggregate, which although not an ideal material, has resulted in more predictable treatments from both a histological and a clinical perspective. Unfortunately, the changes in management are only supported by relatively weak evidence with case series, cohort studies and preliminary studies containing low patient numbers forming the bulk of the evidence. As a result, critical questions related to the superiority of one caries removal technique over another, the best pulp capping biomaterial or whether pulp exposure is a negative prognostic factor remain unanswered. There is an urgent need to promote minimally invasive treatment strategies in Operative Dentistry and Endodontology; however, the development of accurate diagnostic tools, evidence-based management strategies and education in management of the exposed pulp are critical in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bjørndal
- Cariology and Endodontics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Simon
- Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.,Hôpital de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France.,Laboratoire IN SERM UMR 1138, Paris, France
| | - P L Tomson
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - H F Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Kim Y, Park JS, Park HJ, Kim MK, Kim YI, Bae SK, Kim HJ, Jeong CH, Bae MK. Pentraxin 3 Modulates the Inflammatory Response in Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2019; 44:1826-1831. [PMID: 30477668 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) has been suggested as a novel inflammatory biomarker in inflammation-associated diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the role of PTX3 in the inflammatory response of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). METHODS HDPCs were treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and total RNA and protein were extracted. PTX3 messenger RNA and protein expression levels were analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. For PTX3 knockdown, HDPCs were transfected with a small interfering RNA against human PTX3. Macrophage chemotaxis after PTX3 silencing in HDPCs was assessed by transwell migration assays. RESULTS TNF-α increased PTX3 messenger RNA and protein levels in HDPCs. TNF-α-induced PTX3 expression was mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and nuclear factor kappa B. PTX3 knockdown decreased the expression levels of interleukin 6, interleukin 8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 after stimulation with TNF-α in HDPCs. Moreover, PTX3 silencing in HDPCs significantly decreased the chemotactic migration of macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate PTX3 plays a critical role in the regulation of pulp inflammatory processes and reveal its underlying molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Mi-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Bae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Moon-Kyoung Bae
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
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22
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Angiogenic effect of platelet-rich concentrates on dental pulp stem cells in inflamed microenvironment. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:3821-3831. [PMID: 30687907 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to determine the suitable concentrations of human platelet lysate (HPL) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for maintaining the in vitro proliferative and angiogenic potential of inflamed dental pulp stem cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflamed dental pulp-derived stem cells (iDPSCs) were treated with different concentrations of HPL and PRP (10% and 20%) followed by determination of viability using Alamar Blue assay. Expression of angiogenesis-, adhesion-, and inflammation-regulating genes was also analyzed using RT-qPCR array. Furthermore, expression of growth factors at protein level in the cell culture microenvironment was measured using multiplex assay. RESULTS Viability of iDPSCs was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in 20% HPL-supplemented media compared to iDPSCs. Expression of 10 out of 12 selected angiogenic genes, four out of seven adhesion molecules, and seven out of nine cytokine-producing genes were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in cells maintained in 20% HPL-supplemented media compared to that in FBS-supplemented media. Furthermore, expression of all the selected growth factors was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the supernatants from 20% HPL media at 12 and 24 h post-incubation. CONCLUSION This study suggests that 20% HPL could be optimum to stimulate angiogenesis-related factors in iDPSCs while maintaining their viability. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This data may suggest the potential use of 20% HPL for expanding DPSCs scheduled for clinical trials for regenerative therapies including dental pulp regeneration.
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23
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Abstract
Abstract
The endodontic treatment of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp is a serious clinical challenge. The chemical agents, used in regenerative procedures, should be selected not only based on their bactericidal/bacteriostatic properties, but also on their ability to ensure the survival of the patient’s stem cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of citric acid on the vitality of SCAP in a model of an immature tooth root. Models of immature roots were created from 12 freshly extracted teeth. The models were gas sterilized with ethylene oxide and they were separated into three groups, based on the used combinations of irrigants: 1) 1.5% sodium hypochlorite / 17% EDTA; 2) 1.5% sodium hypochlorite / 10% citric acid; 3) saline. SCAPs in a hyaluronic acid–based scaffold were seeded into the canals and cultured for 7 days. Viable cells were quantified using a colorimetric assay. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups, irrigated with NaOCl/EDTA and NaOCl/citric acid. The results from our experiment show that 10% citric acid can be used in combination with 1.5% NaOCl in a regenerative endodontic procedure.
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Nabeshima CK, Valdivia JE, Caballero-Flores H, Arana-Chavez VE, Machado MEDL. Immunohistological study of the effect of vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on the angiogenesis of mature root canals in rat molars. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20170437. [PMID: 29791567 PMCID: PMC5953562 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue bioengineering has been applied to Endodontics to seek a more biological treatment. The presence of blood vessels is crucial for cell nutrition during tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleber Keiti Nabeshima
- Departamento de Dentística, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - José Edgar Valdivia
- Departamento de Dentística, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Hector Caballero-Flores
- Departamento de Dentística, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Victor Elias Arana-Chavez
- Departamento de Biomateriais e Biologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Wongkhum C, Chotigeat W, Kedjarune-Leggat U. Effect of recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor and translationally controlled tumor protein on 2‑hydroxyethyl methacrylate‑treated pulp cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6100-6108. [PMID: 29436669 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A is a potential signaling protein that may promote angiogenesis. VEGF also helps cells survive in stressfull or hazardous conditions. The present study aimed to compare the effect of VEGF with translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), an anti‑apoptotic protein in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs), following exposure to 2‑hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), which is a major residual monomer from resin restorative dental materials. Cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization and gene expressions for odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation markers of HDPCs were investigated, following exposure to HEMA and in combination with TCTP and VEGF. The results revealed that TCTP at 1 ng/ml and VEGF at 10 ng/ml significantly promoted the proliferation of HDPCs (P<0.05). TCTP (1 ng/ml) and VEGF (10 ng/ml) maintained the cell viability of 4 mM HEMA‑treated cells at the same percentage as the control. However, cells treated with HEMA+TCTP+VEGF had a lower cell viability than the groups treated with HEMA and TCTP or VEGF alone. TCTP and VEGF promoted cell proliferation, ALP activity and mineralization, and upregulated of DSPP, DMP‑1, BMP‑2, and ALP mRNA expression compared with the control. Furthermore, the HEMA+TCTP and HEMA+VEGF groups had significantly higher percentages of calcium deposition than HEMA‑treated cells (P<0.001). HEMA was cytotoxic to HDPCs, reduced ALP activity and caused the significant downregulation of odontogenic and osteogenic gene expressions (P<0.05). It was concluded that VEGF and TCTP promoted pulp cell growth and the survival of HEMA‑treated cells without synergistic effects. TCTP was required in lower concentrations for these effects. VEGF and TCTP enhanced cell differentiation and mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyanut Wongkhum
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Wilaiwan Chotigeat
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Ureporn Kedjarune-Leggat
- Department of Oral Biology and Occlusion, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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Effects of pulpotomy using mineral trioxide aggregate on prostaglandin transporter and receptors in rat molars. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6870. [PMID: 28761141 PMCID: PMC5537257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a commonly used dental pulp-capping material with known effects in promoting reparative dentinogenesis. However, the mechanism by which MTA induces dentine repair remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in dentine repair by examining the localisation and mRNA expression levels of its transporter (Pgt) and two of its receptors (Ep2 and Ep4) in a rat model of pulpotomy with MTA capping. Ep2 expression was detected in odontoblasts, endothelial cells, and nerve fibres in normal and pulpotomised tissues, whereas Pgt and Ep4 were immunolocalised only in the odontoblasts. Moreover, mRNA expression of Slco2a1 (encoding Pgt), Ptger2 (encoding Ep2), and Ptger4 (encoding Ep4) was significantly upregulated in pulpotomised dental pulp and trigeminal ganglia after MTA capping. Our results provide insights into the functions of PGE2 via Pgt and Ep receptors in the healing dentine/pulp complex and may be helpful in developing new therapeutic targets for dental disease.
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Bae WJ, Yi JK, Park J, Kang SK, Jang JH, Kim EC. Lysyl oxidase-mediated VEGF-induced differentiation and angiogenesis in human dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2017; 51:335-346. [PMID: 28568134 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (rhVEGF) on odontoblastic differentiation, in vitro angiogenesis, and expression and activity of lysyl oxidase (LOX) in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs), compared with rhFGF-2. To identify the underlying molecular mechanisms, the study focused on whether LOX was responsible for the actions of rhVEGF. METHODOLOGY Recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (rhVEGF) was constructed using the pBAD-HisA plasmid in Escherichia coli. HDPCs were treated with 1-50 μg mL-1 rhVEGF for 14 days. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured, and the formation of calcified nodules was assessed using alizarin red staining after the induction of odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs. The expression level of the odontogenic differentiation markers was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Signal pathways were assessed by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. The data were analysed by anova with Bonferroni's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor significantly increased cell growth (P < 0.05), ALP activity (P < 0.05) and mineralization nodule formation and upregulated the mRNA expression levels of the osteogenic/odontogenic markers that were lower with rhFGF-2. rhVEGF significantly increased amine oxidase activity (P < 0.05) and upregulated LOX and LOXL mRNA expression in HDPCs. Additionally, rhVEGF dose-dependently upregulated angiogenic gene mRNAs and capillary tube formation to a greater degree than rhFGF-2. Inhibition of LOX using β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) and LOX or LOXL gene silencing by RNA interference attenuated rhVEGF-induced growth, ALP activity, mineralization, the expression of marker mRNAs and in vitro angiogenesis. Furthermore, treatment with rhVEGF resulted in phosphorylation of Akt, ERK, JNK and p38, and activation of NF-κB, which was inhibited by LOX or LOXL silencing and BAPN. CONCLUSION Recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor promoted cell growth, odontogenic potential and in vitro angiogenesis via modulation of LOX expression. These results support the concept that rhVEGF may offer therapeutic benefits in regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-J Bae
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-K Yi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-K Kang
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - E-C Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Pérez-Pérez A, Vilariño-García T, Fernández-Riejos P, Martín-González J, Segura-Egea JJ, Sánchez-Margalet V. Role of leptin as a link between metabolism and the immune system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 35:71-84. [PMID: 28285098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone not only with an important role in the central control of energy metabolism, but also with many pleiotropic effects in different physiological systems. One of these peripheral functions of leptin is a regulatory role in the interplay between energy metabolism and the immune system, being a cornerstone of the new field of immunometabolism. Leptin receptor is expressed throughout the immune system and the regulatory effects of leptin include cells from both the innate and adaptive immune system. Leptin is one of the adipokines responsible for the inflammatory state found in obesity that predisposes not only to type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, but also to autoimmune and allergic diseases. Leptin is an important mediator of the immunosuppressive state in undernutrition status. Placenta is the second source of leptin and it may play a role in the immunomodulation during pregnancy. Finally, recent work has pointed to the participation of leptin and leptin receptor in the pathophysiology of inflammation in oral biology. Therefore, leptin and leptin receptor should be considered for investigation as a marker of inflammation and immune activation in the frontier of innate-adaptive system, and as possible targets for intervention in the immunometabolic mediated pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical School and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Teresa Vilariño-García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical School and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Riejos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical School and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Jenifer Martín-González
- Department of Stomatology (Endodontics Section), School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan José Segura-Egea
- Department of Stomatology (Endodontics Section), School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical School and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Spain.
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Caviedes-Bucheli J, Gomez-Sosa JF, Azuero-Holguin MM, Ormeño-Gomez M, Pinto-Pascual V, Munoz HR. Angiogenic mechanisms of human dental pulp and their relationship with substance P expression in response to occlusal trauma. Int Endod J 2016; 50:339-351. [PMID: 26953220 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels based on a pre-existing vasculature. It comprises two processes, sprouting of endothelial cells and the division of vessels due to abnormal growth of the microvasculature. It has been demonstrated that substance P (SP) can induce angiogenesis either by modulating endothelial cell growth (direct mechanism) or by attracting cells with angiogenic potential to the injury site (indirect mechanism). Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review the angiogenic mechanisms that regulate mineralized tissue formation in human dental pulp tissue and their relationship with SP expression as a defence response to stimuli such as the masticatory function and occlusal trauma. Articles included in this review were searched in PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science databases, combining the following keywords: human dentine pulp, angiogenesis, angiogenic growth factors, neuropeptides, substance P, neurogenic inflammation, dentine matrix, dentinogenesis, occlusal trauma and dental occlusion. It is concluded that human dental pulp tissue responds to occlusal trauma and masticatory function with a neurogenic inflammatory phenomenon in which SP plays an important role in the direct and indirect mechanisms of angiogenesis by the action evoked via NK1 receptors at different cells, such as fibroblasts, endothelial and inflammatory cells, leading to new blood vessel formation which are needed to stimulate mineralized tissue formation as a defence mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Caviedes-Bucheli
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontologicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - J F Gomez-Sosa
- Department of Endodontics, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - M M Azuero-Holguin
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontologicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - M Ormeño-Gomez
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontologicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - V Pinto-Pascual
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontologicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - H R Munoz
- Postgraduate Department of Endodontics, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala
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Müller HD, Cvikl B, Janjić K, Nürnberger S, Moritz A, Gruber R, Agis H. Effects of Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor L-mimosine on Dental Pulp in the Presence of Advanced Glycation End Products. J Endod 2015; 41:1852-61. [PMID: 26395911 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proangiogenic prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors represent a novel approach to stimulate tissue regeneration. Diabetes mellitus involves the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Here we evaluated the impact of AGEs on the response of human pulp tissue to the PHD inhibitor L-mimosine (L-MIM) in monolayer cultures of dental pulp-derived cells (DPCs) and tooth slice organ cultures. METHODS In monolayer cultures, DPCs were incubated with L-MIM and AGEs. Viability was assessed based on formazan formation, live-dead staining, annexin V/propidium iodide, and trypan blue exclusion assay. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 production was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoassays. Furthermore, expression levels of odontoblast markers were assessed, and alizarin red staining was performed. Tooth slice organ cultures were performed, and VEGF, IL-6, and IL8 levels in their supernatants were measured by immunoassays. Pulp tissue vitality and morphology were assessed by MTT assay and histology. RESULTS In monolayer cultures of DPCs, L-MIM at nontoxic concentrations increased the production of VEGF and IL-8 in the presence of AGEs. Stimulation with L-MIM decreased alkaline phosphatase levels and matrix mineralization also in the presence of AGEs, whereas no significant changes in dentin matrix protein 1 and dentin sialophosphoprotein expression were observed. In tooth slice organ cultures, L-MIM increased VEGF but not IL-6 and IL-8 production in the presence of AGEs. The pulp tissue was vital, and no signs of apoptosis or necrosis were observed. CONCLUSIONS Overall, in the presence of AGEs, L-MIM increases the proangiogenic capacity, but decreases alkaline phosphatase expression and matrix mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz-Dieter Müller
- Department of Prosthodontics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Cvikl
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klara Janjić
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Nürnberger
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria; Department of Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Oral Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hermann Agis
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Yuan C, Wang P, Zhu L, Dissanayaka WL, Green DW, Tong EHY, Jin L, Zhang C. Coculture of stem cells from apical papilla and human umbilical vein endothelial cell under hypoxia increases the formation of three-dimensional vessel-like structures in vitro. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 21:1163-72. [PMID: 25380198 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of bioengineered dental pulp depends on two principles, (1) whether the transplanted tissue can develop its own vascular endothelial tubule network and (2) whether the host vasculature can be induced to penetrate the bioengineered pulp replacement and conjoin. Major inductive molecules that participate in laying down blood vessels include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ephrinB2, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Being able to modulate the genes encoding these angiogenic molecules is a therapeutic target in pulp regeneration for endogenous blood vessel formation, prevention of graft rejection, and exclusion of infection. Once implanted inside the root canal, bioengineered pulp is subjected to severe hypoxia that causes tissue degeneration. However, short-term hypoxia is known to stimulate angiogenesis. Thus, it may be feasible to prime dental cells for angiogenic activity before implantation. Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) are arguably one of the most potent and versatile dental stem cell populations for bioengineering pulp in vitro. Our study aimed to investigate whether coculture of SCAP and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under hypoxia promotes the formation of endothelial tubules and a blood vessel network. In addition, we clarified the interplay between the genes that orchestrate these important angiogenic molecules in SCAP under hypoxic conditions. We found that SCAP cocultured with HUVEC at a 1:5 ratio increased the number of endothelial tubules, tubule lengths, and branching points. Fluorescence staining showed that HUVEC formed the trunk of tubular structures, whereas SCAP located adjacent to the endothelial cell line, resembling the pericyte location. When we used CoCl2 (0.5 mM) to induce hypoxic environment, the expression of proteins, HIF-1α and VEGF, and transcript of ephrinB2 in SCAP was upregulated. However, minimal VEGF levels in supernatants of HUVEC and coculture Petri dishes were detected, suggesting that VEGF secreted by SCAP might be used by HUVEC to accelerate the formation of vessel-like structures. Taken together, we revealed that artificial hypoxia stimulates angiogenic responses in SCAP for possible use in engineering dental pulp replacements. Our results may help to delineate the optimal therapeutic target to promote angiogenesis so that future bioengineered pulp replacements integrate faster and permanently within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Yuan
- 1 Comprehensive Dental Care, Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
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Trimmel K, Cvikl B, Müller HD, Nürnberger S, Gruber R, Moritz A, Agis H. L-mimosine increases the production of vascular endothelial growth factor in human tooth slice organ culture model. Int Endod J 2014; 48:252-60. [PMID: 24786562 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory capacity of the dentine-pulp complex in response to the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor L-mimosine in a tooth slice organ culture model. METHODOLOGY Human teeth were sectioned transversely into 600-μm-thick slices and cultured in medium supplemented with serum and antibiotics. Then, pulps were stimulated for 48 h with L-mimosine. Pulps were subjected to viability measurements based on formazan formation in MTT assays. In addition, histological evaluation of pulps was performed based on haematoxylin and eosin staining. Culture supernatants were subjected to immunoassays for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to determine the pro-angiogenic capacity and to immunoassays for interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 to assess the pro-inflammatory response. Interleukin-1 served as pro-inflammatory control. Echinomycin was used to inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) alpha activity. Data were analysed using Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Pulps within tooth slices remained vital upon L-mimosine stimulation as indicated by formazan formation and histological evaluation. L-mimosine increased VEGF production when normalized to formazan formation in the pulp tissue of the tooth slices (P < 0.05). This effect on VEGF was reduced by echinomycin (P < 0.01). Changes in normalized IL-6 and IL-8 levels upon treatment with L-mimosine did not reach the level of significance (P > 0.05), whilst treatment with IL-1, which served as positive control, increased IL-6 (P < 0.05) and IL-8 levels (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor L-mimosine increased VEGF production via HIF-1 alpha in the tooth slice organ culture model whilst inducing no prominent increase in IL-6 and IL-8. Pre-clinical studies will reveal if these in vitro effects translate into dental pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Trimmel
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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Kim MK, Park HJ, Kim YD, Ryu MH, Takata T, Bae SK, Bae MK. Hinokitiol increases the angiogenic potential of dental pulp cells through ERK and p38MAPK activation and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) upregulation. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 59:102-10. [PMID: 24370180 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hinokitiol, a natural iron-chelating agent, is known to have diverse biological and pharmacological activities in various cell types. However, the effect of hinokitiol on dental pulp cells has not yet been reported. In this study, hinokitiol increases hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein levels and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in human dental pulp cells. The extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are involved in hinokitiol-induced HIF-1α protein expression in dental pulp cells. Conditioned media from hinokitiol-treated pulp cells enhances angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these results show that hinokitiol promotes ERK and p38MAPK activation and HIF-1α-induced VEGF production, thus increasing the angiogenic potential of dental pulp cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Joo Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea; Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea
| | - Yong-Deok Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea
| | - Mi Heon Ryu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea
| | - Takashi Takata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Soo-Kyung Bae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea
| | - Moon-Kyoung Bae
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea.
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Crucke J, Huysseune A. Unravelling the blood supply to the zebrafish pharyngeal jaws and teeth. J Anat 2013; 223:399-409. [PMID: 23937397 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the vascular supply to the pharyngeal jaws and teeth in zebrafish, from larval stages to juveniles, using serial high quality semithin sections and 3D reconstructions. We have identified that the arterial blood supply to the last pair of branchial arches, which carries the teeth, issues from the hypobranchial artery. Surprisingly, the arteries supplying the pharyngeal jaws show an asymmetric branching pattern that is modified over ontogeny. Moreover, the blood vessel pattern that serves each jaw can best be described as a sinusoidal cavity encircling the bases of both the functional and replacement teeth. Capillaries branching from this sinusoidal cavity enter the pulp and constitute the intrinsic blood supply to the attached teeth. The role of these blood vessels during tooth development (whether instructive or nutritive) remains to be determined and requires further study. However, we have provided a firm morphological basis that will aid in the interpretation of experiments addressing this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Crucke
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Cooper PR, Smith AJ. Molecular mediators of pulp inflammation and regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Virtej A, Løes S, Iden O, Bletsa A, Berggreen E. Vascular endothelial growth factors signalling in normal human dental pulp: a study of gene and protein expression. Eur J Oral Sci 2013; 121:92-100. [PMID: 23489898 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In the well-vascularized dental pulp vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is expressed. Vascular endothelial growth factor A is a member of the VEGF family, which includes VEGFs-B, -C, and -D. The latter three have not been investigated in the pulp. Vascular endothelial growth factors C and D are the only ligands for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-3, which is usually expressed in lymphatic endothelium. They can also activate VEGFR-2, the main angiogenic receptor. We aimed to study VEGFs signalling in human dental pulp at the gene level and to identify the cellular source for protein expression using immunolabelling. All VEGFs (-A, -B, -C, and -D) were expressed in the pulp and may exert both autocrine and paracrine effects in blood vessels and immune cells found to be equipped with VEGFRs-2 and -3. Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-positive macrophages, known to be involved in angiogenesis, were found in the pulp, whereas lymphatic vessels were not detected. Twenty-six of 84 VEGF signalling genes, including VEGFR-3, were expressed at a significantly higher level in the pulp than in the control periodontal ligament. In conclusion, the normal human pulp represents a tissue with relatively high VEGF signalling involving both immune responses and vascular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Virtej
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Treatment of mandibular atrophy by an equine bone substitute: an immunohistochemical study in man. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ios.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kumar RV, Shubhashini N. Platelet rich fibrin: a new paradigm in periodontal regeneration. Cell Tissue Bank 2012; 14:453-63. [PMID: 23143637 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-012-9349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Among the great challenges facing clinical research is the development of bioactive surgical additives regulating inflammation and increasing healing. Although the use of fibrin adhesives and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is well documented, they have their own limitations. Hence, reconstructive dental surgeons are looking for an "edge" that jump starts the healing process to maximize predictability as well as the volume of regenerated bone. Overcoming the restrictions related to the reimplantation of blood-derived products, a new family of platelet concentrate, which is neither a fibrin glue nor a classical platelet concentrate, was developed in France. This second generation platelet concentrate called platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), has been widely used to accelerate soft and hard tissue healing. Its advantages over the better known PRP include ease of preparation/application, minimal expense, and lack of biochemical modification (no bovine thrombin or anticoagulant is required). This article serves as an introduction to the PRF "concept" and its potential clinical applications with emphasis on periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vinaya Kumar
- Department of Periodontics, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Mysore Road, Ramohalli Cross, Bangalore, 560060, India,
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Le Clerc J, Pérard M, Pellen-Mussi P, Novella A, Tricot-Doleux S, Jeanne S, Pérez F. Characterization of a programmed necrosis process in 3-dimensional cultures of dental pulp fibroblasts. Int Endod J 2012; 46:308-16. [PMID: 22906091 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyse and compare the expression of necrosis markers in human lung and dental pulp fibroblasts and to determine whether this process differs by the type of mesenchymal cell. METHODS Human dental pulp fibroblasts were obtained from unerupted third molars. Sound lung and pulpal fibroblasts were cultured in vitro as spheroids to determine the expression of the necrosis hallmark cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA using RT-PCR and the concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) proteins using an ELISA test. Cell viability within spheroids was also compared with spheroid diameters over time. RESULTS Increased expression of COX-2 and VEGF was found in all spheroids compared with corresponding monolayers. Although HGF/SF was highly expressed in MRC5 cells, dental pulp fibroblasts aggregates maintained only a basal level compared with monolayer cultures. Further, the observed progressive loss of viable cells explained the decreased diameters of spheroids over time. The results demonstrate that necrosis occurs in sound lung and pulpal fibroblasts. This cell death also displays differences between these two different cell types, as they do not produce the same growth factors quantity release. CONCLUSIONS The necrosis process occurred in human dental pulp fibroblasts and is different between the two cell types studied. This in vitro experimental necrosis model could become an interesting inflammatory tool. More investigations are needed to compare necrosis process in dental pulp fibroblast and inflammation during pulpitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Le Clerc
- Faculté d'Odontologie, Laboratoire de Biomatériaux en Site Osseux, UMR CNRS 6226, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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Ilić J, Radović K, Roganović J, Brković B, Stojić D. The Levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 in Dental Pulp Tissue of Healthy and Diabetic Patients. J Endod 2012; 38:764-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Yamanaka Y, Kaneko T, Yoshiba K, Kaneko R, Yoshiba N, Shigetani Y, Nör JE, Okiji T. Expression of Angiogenic Factors in Rat Periapical Lesions. J Endod 2012; 38:313-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Dissanayaka WL, Zhan X, Zhang C, Hargreaves KM, Jin L, Tong EHY. Coculture of dental pulp stem cells with endothelial cells enhances osteo-/odontogenic and angiogenic potential in vitro. J Endod 2012; 38:454-63. [PMID: 22414829 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have received much attention as a promising population of stem cells in regenerative endodontics. Securing a good blood supply during regeneration is a challenging task because of the constricted apical canal opening, which allows only a limited blood supply. The aim of this study was to investigate any potential synergistic effects of dental pulp stem cells and endothelial cells (ECs) on osteo-/odontogenic and angiogenic differentiation in vitro. METHODS Different ratios of DPSCs and ECs were cultured in direct contact using optimized medium for coculture. The 70% confluent cocultures were incubated in the osteo-/odontogenic differentiation medium for up to 3 weeks. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the expression levels of ALP, bone sialoprotein (BSP), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) genes, and alizarin red staining for mineralization at different time points were analyzed. The tubular network formation on Matrigel and the gene expression levels of CD117, VEGF, CD34, and Flk-1 were used as assays to analyze angiogenesis. RESULTS The quantification of ALP in DPSC:EC cocultures revealed a greater ALP activity compared with DPSC-alone cultures. At all the time points, 1:1 cultures showed a significantly greater ALP activity than that of DPSC-alone cultures. Alizarin red staining and quantification revealed a much greater amount of calcification in the 1:1 and 1:5 cocultures compared with other cultures (P < .01). The expression levels of ALP, BSP, and DSPP genes further confirmed the greater osteo-/odontogenic differentiation in cocultures compared with those of DPSC-alone cultures. Matrigel assay showed that the addition of DPSCs stabilized preexisting vessel-like structures formed by ECs and increased the longevity of them. CONCLUSIONS Direct coculture of DPSCs and ECs enhances the in vitro differentiation toward osteo-/odontogenic and angiogenic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waruna Lakmal Dissanayaka
- Department of Endodontics, Comprehensive Dental Care, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Abstract
Acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins alters gene expression and induces a host of cellular effects. The acetylation process is homeostatically balanced by two groups of cellular enzymes, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). HAT activity relaxes the structure of the human chromatin, rendering it transcriptionally active, thereby increasing gene expression. In contrast, HDAC activity leads to gene silencing. The enzymatic balance can be ‘tipped’ by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), leading to an accumulation of acetylated proteins, which subsequently modify cellular processes including stem cell differentiation, cell cycle, apoptosis, gene expression, and angiogenesis. There is a variety of natural and synthetic HDACi available, and their pleiotropic effects have contributed to diverse clinical applications, not only in cancer but also in non-cancer areas, such as chronic inflammatory disease, bone engineering, and neurodegenerative disease. Indeed, it appears that HDACi-modulated effects may differ between ‘normal’ and transformed cells, particularly with regard to reactive oxygen species accumulation, apoptosis, proliferation, and cell cycle arrest. The potential beneficial effects of HDACi for health, resulting from their ability to regulate global gene expression by epigenetic modification of DNA-associated proteins, also offer potential for application within restorative dentistry, where they may promote dental tissue regeneration following pulpal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.F. Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A.J. Smith
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, St Chads Queensway, Birmingham, B4 6NN, UK
| | - G.J.P. Fleming
- Material Science Unit, Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - P.R. Cooper
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, St Chads Queensway, Birmingham, B4 6NN, UK
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Borges FL, Dias RO, Piattelli A, Onuma T, Gouveia Cardoso LA, Salomão M, Scarano A, Ayub E, Shibli JA. Simultaneous Sinus Membrane Elevation and Dental Implant Placement Without Bone Graft: A 6-Month Follow-Up Study. J Periodontol 2011; 82:403-12. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Surdacka A, Ciężka E, Pioruńska-Stolzmann M, Wender-Ożegowska E, Korybalska K, Kawka E, Kaczmarek E, Witowski J. Relation of salivary antioxidant status and cytokine levels to clinical parameters of oral health in pregnant women with diabetes. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 56:428-36. [PMID: 21145038 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both pregnancy and diabetes are thought to predispose to the impairment of oral health. As saliva contributes to oral homeostasis, we have characterised its properties and flow rate in pregnant women with or without diabetes. DESIGN Unstimulated whole mixed saliva was collected from 63 women in the first trimester of pregnancy and analysed for the concentration of selected antioxidants, cytokines, and growth factors. RESULTS Pregnant women with diabetes were found to have markedly increased indexes of caries activity, plaque formation, gingival and periodontal status, as well as increased salivary antioxidant capacity and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. These changes were more pronounced in patients with long-term disease and systemic diabetic complications, but only partly correlated with the level of blood glycated haemoglobin. Of the cytokines examined, salivary VEGF and HGF concentrations in diabetic pregnant women correlated in a positive and negative manner, respectively, with the prevalence of caries. Moreover, VEGF levels in this group correlated inversely with the probing depth and clinical attachment levels. All such associations did not occur in healthy individuals. In contrast, the salivary pH and flow rate correlated inversely with several parameters of caries and plaque formation irrespectively of whether the pregnant women were diabetic or not. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes in pregnant women significantly changes saliva properties, which may contribute to accelerated deterioration of the oral status in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Angiogenic activity of dentin matrix components. J Endod 2010; 37:26-30. [PMID: 21146071 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Angiogenesis is key to both the development and regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that proangiogenic signaling molecules sequestered in dentin matrix can be solubilised to induce angiogenic events. METHODS Matrix components were extracted from powdered sound human dentin with EDTA and their dose-dependent (0.0001-5 mg/mL) effects examined in endothelial cells in an in vitro angiogenic tube formation assay, proliferation assay, and transcriptional regulation of the VEGF and VEGF-R2 genes. RESULTS Lower concentrations of dentin matrix components were found to show proangiogenic activity, whereas higher concentrations suppressed angiogenic activity. CONCLUSION This study highlights that the release of dentin matrix components after dental injury can contribute to the angiogenic events that support pulp regeneration.
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Bruno KF, Silva JA, Silva TA, Batista AC, Alencar AHG, Estrela C. Characterization of inflammatory cell infiltrate in human dental pulpitis. Int Endod J 2010; 43:1013-21. [PMID: 20726912 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the microscopic characteristics and densities (per mm(2) ) of tryptase(+) mast cells, CD4(+) T helper lymphocytes, CD45RO(+) memory T lymphocytes, foxp3(+) T regulatory lymphocytes, CD20(+) B lymphocytes, CD68(+) macrophages, and CD31(+) blood vessels in human dental pulpitis (n=38) and healthy pulpal tissue (n=6). METHODOLOGY The pulps of 38 human teeth with a clinical diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis were removed by pulpectomy. The pulp tissue was immersed in 10% buffered formalin for evaluation using light microscopy. Tryptase, CD4, CD45RO, foxp3, CD20, CD68, and CD31 expressions were analysed using immunohistochemistry; other microscopic features, such as intensity of inflammatory infiltrate and collagen deposition, were evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin stain. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at α=5%. RESULTS Two microscopic patterns of pulpitis were found: group 1 (G1) (n=15) had an intense inflammatory infiltrate and mild collagen deposition; conversely, group 2 (G2) (n=23) had a scarce inflammatory infiltrate and intense collagen deposition. The numbers of CD68(+) macrophages (P=0.004) and CD20(+) B (P=0.068) lymphocytes and the density of blood vessels (P=0.002) were higher in G1 than in G2. However, a similar number of CD4(+) and CD45RO(+) T lymphocytes was found in both groups (P>0.05). When present, tryptase(+) mast cells were equally distributed in G1 and G2, whereas foxp3(+) T regulatory lymphocytes were detected in 59% and 14% of the samples of G1 and G2. Controls exhibited lower numbers of foxp3, tryptase, CD4, CD45RO, CD68 and CD20 positive cells than G1 and G2. CONCLUSIONS Irreversible pulpitis had distinct microscopic features with important quantitative and qualitative differences in inflammatory cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Bruno
- Department of Endodontics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Shimabukuro Y, Ueda M, Ozasa M, Anzai J, Takedachi M, Yanagita M, Ito M, Hashikawa T, Yamada S, Murakami S. Fibroblast Growth Factor–2 Regulates the Cell Function of Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2009; 35:1529-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Soden RI, Botero TM, Hanks CT, Nör JE. Angiogenic signaling triggered by cariogenic bacteria in pulp cells. J Dent Res 2009; 88:835-40. [PMID: 19767581 DOI: 10.1177/0022034509341946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammation observed in the dental pulp of teeth with deep caries lesions is characterized by a significant increase in blood vessel density. It is known that lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Gram-positive cariogenic bacteria induces expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in dental pulp cells. The hypothesis underlying this study was that LTA induces VEGF expression in dental pulp cells through TLR2 and PI3k/Akt signaling. Odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) and undifferentiated pulp cells (OD-21) were exposed to LTA from Streptococcus sanguis, and the role of TLR2, PI3K/Akt, and IKK signaling in LTA-induced VEGF expression was evaluated. These studies demonstrated that TLR2 signaling through the PI3K-Akt pathway is necessary for LTA-induced VEGF expression in pulp cells. In contrast, inhibition of IKK signaling did not prevent VEGF up-regulation in response to LTA. Understanding signaling pathways triggered by cariogenic bacteria may reveal novel therapeutic targets for the clinical management of pulpitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R I Soden
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University, Rm. 2309, Ann Arbor, MI 48103-1078, USA
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