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Yuan M, Zheng X, Xue Y, He Z, Song G, Song Y. A novel DSPP frameshift mutation causing dentin dysplasia type 2 and disease management strategies. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2394-2400. [PMID: 36597617 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the mutation in a Chinese family with dentin dysplasia type II (DD-II) and to summarize mutation hotspots, clinical manifestations, and disease management strategies. Phenotype analysis, clinical intervention, mutation screening, and cosegregation analysis within the enrolled family were performed. A summary of the reported mutations in the dentin phosphoprotein (DPP) region of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) was analyzed. Pathogenicity prediction analysis of the physical properties and function of DSPP variants was performed by bioinformatic processing. Clinical management strategies are discussed. A novel pathogenic mutation (c.2035delA) in the DPP region of DSPP was identified, which was cosegregated in the family. The immature permanent teeth of patients with DD-II presented with X-shaped root canal phenotypes. Most of the identified mutations for DD-II were clustered in the DPP region between nucleotides 1686-2134. Points of differential diagnosis, clinical interventions, and management strategies are proposed. This study revealed a novel DSPP frameshift mutation and presented new clinical features of DD-II. The locus involving nucleotides 1686-2134 of DSPP may represent a mutational hotspot for the disease. Appropriate management of DD-II at different stages is important to avoid the development of secondary dental lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyan Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueqing Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Xue
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenru He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangtai Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaling Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Kim YJ, Lee Y, Zhang H, Seymen F, Koruyucu M, Bayrak S, Tuloglu N, Simmer JP, Hu JCC, Kim JW. Translated Mutant DSPP mRNA Expression Level Impacts the Severity of Dentin Defects. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1002. [PMID: 35743786 PMCID: PMC9225647 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12061002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary dentin defects are conventionally classified into three types of dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) and two types of dentin dysplasia (DD). Mutations in the dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene have been identified to cause DGI type II and III and DD type II; therefore, these are not three different conditions, but rather allelic disorders. In this study, we recruited three families with varying clinical phenotypes from DGI-III to DD-II and performed mutational analysis by candidate gene analysis or whole-exome sequencing. Three novel mutations including a silent mutation (NM_014208.3: c.52-2del, c.135+1G>C, and c.135G>A; p.(Gln45=)) were identified, all of which affected pre-mRNA splicing. Comparison of the splicing assay results revealed that the expression level of the DSPP exon 3 deletion transcript correlated with the severity of the dentin defects. This study did not only expand the mutational spectrum of DSPP gene, but also advanced our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis impacting the severity of hereditary dentin defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Jung Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yejin Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (J.P.S.); (J.C.-C.H.)
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Altinbas University, Istanbul 34147, Turkey;
| | - Mine Koruyucu
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey;
| | - Sule Bayrak
- Private Practice, Eskisehir 26150, Turkey; (S.B.); (N.T.)
| | - Nuray Tuloglu
- Private Practice, Eskisehir 26150, Turkey; (S.B.); (N.T.)
| | - James P. Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (J.P.S.); (J.C.-C.H.)
| | - Jan C.-C. Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.Z.); (J.P.S.); (J.C.-C.H.)
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics & DRI, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
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The Modified Shields Classification and 12 Families with Defined DSPP Mutations. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050858. [PMID: 35627243 PMCID: PMC9141616 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) are known to cause, in order of increasing severity, dentin dysplasia type-II (DD-II), dentinogenesis imperfecta type-II (DGI-II), and dentinogenesis imperfecta type-III (DGI-III). DSPP mutations fall into two groups: a 5′-group that affects protein targeting and a 3′-group that shifts translation into the −1 reading frame. Using whole-exome sequence (WES) analyses and Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) sequencing, we identified disease-causing DSPP mutations in 12 families. Three of the mutations are novel: c.53T>C/p.(Val18Ala); c.3461delG/p.(Ser1154Metfs*160); and c.3700delA/p.(Ser1234Alafs*80). We propose genetic analysis start with WES analysis of proband DNA to identify mutations in COL1A1 and COL1A2 causing dominant forms of osteogenesis imperfecta, 5′-DSPP mutations, and 3′-DSPP frameshifts near the margins of the DSPP repeat region, and SMRT sequencing when the disease-causing mutation is not identified. After reviewing the literature and incorporating new information showing distinct differences in the cell pathology observed between knockin mice with 5′-Dspp or 3′-Dspp mutations, we propose a modified Shields Classification based upon the causative mutation rather than phenotypic severity such that patients identified with 5′-DSPP defects be diagnosed as DGI-III, while those with 3′-DSPP defects be diagnosed as DGI-II.
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Developmental Defects of the Teeth and Their Hard Tissues. Pediatr Dent 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78003-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu M, Li W, Xia X, Wang F, MacDougall M, Chen S. Dentine sialophosphoprotein signal in dentineogenesis and dentine regeneration. Eur Cell Mater 2021; 42:43-62. [PMID: 34275129 PMCID: PMC9019922 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v042a04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentineogenesis starts on odontoblasts, which synthesise and secrete non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) and collagen. When dentine is injured, dental pulp progenitors/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can migrate to the injured area, differentiate into odontoblasts and facilitate formation of reactionary dentine. Dental pulp progenitor cell/MSC differentiation is controlled at given niches. Among dental NCPs, dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is a member of the small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family, whose members share common biochemical characteristics such as an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif. DSPP expression is cell- and tissue-specific and highly seen in odontoblasts and dentine. DSPP mutations cause hereditary dentine diseases. DSPP is catalysed into dentine glycoprotein (DGP)/sialoprotein (DSP) and phosphoprotein (DPP) by proteolysis. DSP is further processed towards active molecules. DPP contains an RGD motif and abundant Ser-Asp/Asp-Ser repeat regions. DPP-RGD motif binds to integrin αVβ3 and activates intracellular signalling via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-ERK pathways. Unlike other SIBLING proteins, DPP lacks the RGD motif in some species. However, DPP Ser-Asp/Asp-Ser repeat regions bind to calcium-phosphate deposits and promote hydroxyapatite crystal growth and mineralisation via calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) cascades. DSP lacks the RGD site but contains signal peptides. The tripeptides of the signal domains interact with cargo receptors within the endoplasmic reticulum that facilitate transport of DSPP from the endoplasmic reticulum to the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, the middle- and COOH-terminal regions of DSP bind to cellular membrane receptors, integrin β6 and occludin, inducing cell differentiation. The present review may shed light on DSPP roles during odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.M. Liu
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, School of Dentistry, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - W.T. Li
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, School of Dentistry, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA,Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - X.M. Xia
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, School of Dentistry, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, 410011, China
| | - F. Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - M. MacDougall
- UBC Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - S. Chen
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, School of Dentistry, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Shi C, Ma N, Zhang W, Ye J, Shi H, Xiang D, Wu C, Song L, Zhang N, Liu Q. Haploinsufficiency of Dspp Gene Causes Dentin Dysplasia Type II in Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:593626. [PMID: 33240110 PMCID: PMC7680915 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.593626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentin dysplasia (DD) and dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) patients have abnormal structure, morphology, and function of dentin. DD-II, DGI-II, and DGI-III are caused by heterozygous mutations in the dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene in humans. Evidences have shown that loss of function of DSPP in Dspp knockout mice leads to phenotypes similar to DGI-III, and that the abnormal dentinogenesis is associated with decreased levels of DSPP, indicating that DSPP haploinsufficiency may play a role in dentinogenesis. Thus, to testify the haploinsufficiency of Dspp, we used a Dspp heterozygous mouse model to observe the phenotypes in the teeth and the surrounding tissues. We found that Dspp heterozygous mice displayed dentin phenotypes similar to DD-II at the ages of 12 and 18 months, which was characterized by excessive attrition of the enamel at the occlusal surfaces, thicker floor dentin of the pulp chamber, decreased pulp volume, and compromised mineralization of the dentin. In addition, the periodontium was also affected, exhibiting apical proliferation of the junctional epithelium, decreased height and width of the alveolar bone, and infiltration of the inflammatory cells, leading to the destruction of the periodontium. Both the dental and periodontal phenotypes were age-dependent, which were more severe at 18 months old than those at 12 months old. Our report is the first to claim the haploinsufficiency of Dspp gene and a DD-II mouse model, which can be further used to study the molecular mechanisms of DD-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Shi
- Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiapeng Ye
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haibo Shi
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Danwei Xiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunyue Wu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qilin Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School and Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Gou X, Xue Y, Zheng H, Yang G, Chen S, Chen Z, Yuan G. Gelatinases Cleave Dentin Sialoprotein Intracellularly. Front Physiol 2020; 11:686. [PMID: 32670089 PMCID: PMC7330055 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin sialoprotein (DSP), the NH2-terminal fragment of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), is essential for dentin formation and further processed into small fragments inside the odontoblasts. Gelatinases, including matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9) and MMP2, were able to cleave DSP(P) in tooth structures. We hypothesized that gelatinases may also cleave DSP intracellularly in the odontoblasts. In this study, the co-expression and physical interaction between DSP and gelatinases were proved by double immunofluorescence and in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA). Intracellular enzymatic activity of gelatinases was verified by gelatin zymography and in situ zymography. To confirm whether DSP was cleaved by active gelatinases intracellularly, lysates of wild-type (WT) odontoblastic cells treated with a MMP2 inhibitor or a MMP9 inhibitor or a MMP general inhibitor and of Mmp9-/- odontoblastic cells were analyzed by western blotting. Compared with the WT odontoblastic cells without inhibitor treatment, all these groups exhibited significantly higher ratios of high molecular weight to low molecular weight band density. FURIN was verified to be co-localized and physically interacted with MMP9 by double immunofluorescence and in situ PLA. The ratio of proMMP9 to activated MMP9 inside the odontoblastic cells were increased when function of endogenous FURIN was inhibited. And overexpressed proMMP9 was intracellularly cleaved by FURIN in the HEK293E cells, which was completely blocked by the mutation of proMMP9 with R96TPR99 substituted by A96AAA99. Taken together, these results indicate that DSP is intracellularly processed by gelatinases, and FURIN is involved in the intracellular activation of proMMP9 through cleavage of its R96TPR99 motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Gou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Xue
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guobin Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Zhi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Li F, Liu Y, Liu H, Yang J, Zhang F, Feng H. Phenotype and genotype analyses in seven families with dentinogenesis imperfecta or dentin dysplasia. Oral Dis 2017; 23:360-366. [PMID: 27973701 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hereditary dentin defects can be categorised into two classes according to their clinical manifestations: dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI), which includes three types (DGI-I, DGI-II and DGI-III), and dentin dysplasia (DD), which includes two types (DD-I and DD-II). This study investigated the phenotypic characteristics and genetic causes of hereditary dentin defects in seven Chinese families. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven families affected with DGI-II, DGI-III or DD-II were enrolled. Clinical examinations were performed to determine the phenotypic characteristics, and DNA samples were collected for Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Clinical diagnoses revealed DGI-II in five families, DGI-III in one family and DD-II in one family. Variants of the dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene were found in six of the seven families. Of these, c.52G>T was identified in two families. Each of the remaining four families had a different variant: c.2684delG, c.52-2A>G, c.1874-1877delACAG and c.3509-3521del13bp; the last three variants were novel. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to analyse all three important types of hereditary dentin defect and include comprehensive genetic analyses of both dentin sialoprotein and dentin phosphoprotein in Chinese families. This study expands the spectrum of DSPP variants, highlighting their associated phenotypic continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - H Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - J Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - F Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - H Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Bloch-Zupan A, Huckert M, Stoetzel C, Meyer J, Geoffroy V, Razafindrakoto RW, Ralison SN, Randrianaivo JC, Ralison G, Andriamasinoro RO, Ramanampamaharana RH, Randrianazary SE, Richard B, Gorry P, Manière MC, Rakoto Alson S, Dollfus H. Detection of a Novel DSPP Mutation by NGS in a Population Isolate in Madagascar. Front Physiol 2016; 7:70. [PMID: 26973538 PMCID: PMC4773637 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A large family from a small village in Madagascar, Antanetilava, is known to present with colored teeth. Through previous collaboration and 4 successive visits in 1994, 2004, 2005, and 2012, we provided dental care to the inhabitants and diagnosed dentinogenesis imperfecta. Recently, using whole exome sequencing we confirmed the clinical diagnosis by identifying a novel single nucleotide deletion in exon 5 of DSPP. This paper underlines the necessity of long run research, the importance of international and interpersonal collaborations as well as the major contribution of next generation sequencing tools in the genetic diagnosis of rare oro-dental anomalies. This study is registered in ClinicalTrials (https://clinicaltrials.gov) under the number NCT02397824.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Bloch-Zupan
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France; Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires Hôpital CivilStrasbourg, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR7104, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 964, Université de StrasbourgIllkirch, France
| | - Mathilde Huckert
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France; Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1112, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France
| | - Corinne Stoetzel
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1112, Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg, France
| | - Julia Meyer
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Geoffroy
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1112, Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg, France
| | - Rabisoa W Razafindrakoto
- Institut d'Odonto-Stomatologie Tropicale de Madagascar, Université de Mahajanga Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Saholy N Ralison
- Institut d'Odonto-Stomatologie Tropicale de Madagascar, Université de Mahajanga Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Jean-Claude Randrianaivo
- Institut d'Odonto-Stomatologie Tropicale de Madagascar, Université de Mahajanga Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Georgette Ralison
- Institut d'Odonto-Stomatologie Tropicale de Madagascar, Université de Mahajanga Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Rija O Andriamasinoro
- Institut d'Odonto-Stomatologie Tropicale de Madagascar, Université de Mahajanga Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Rija H Ramanampamaharana
- Institut d'Odonto-Stomatologie Tropicale de Madagascar, Université de Mahajanga Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | | | | | - Philippe Gorry
- Research Unit of Theoretical & Applied Economics, GREThA (UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5113), Université de Bordeaux Pessac, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Manière
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourg, France; Centre de Référence des Manifestations Odontologiques des Maladies Rares, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-dentaires Hôpital CivilStrasbourg, France
| | - Simone Rakoto Alson
- Institut d'Odonto-Stomatologie Tropicale de Madagascar, Université de Mahajanga Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Hélène Dollfus
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1112, Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg, France
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10
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Jia J, Bian Z, Song Y. Dspp mutations disrupt mineralization homeostasis during odontoblast differentiation. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:2379-2396. [PMID: 26807185 PMCID: PMC4697717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The main pathological feature in isolated hereditary dentin disorders is the abnormality of dentin mineralization. Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene is the only identified causative gene for the disorders. The present study aims to explore the molecular association between Dspp mutations and the disrupted mineralization homeostasis during odontoblast differentiation. We generated lentivirus constructs with the mouse full-length wild type Dspp cDNA and 3 Dspp mutants and transfected them into mouse odontoblast-lineage cells (OLCs) which were then performed 21-day mineralization inducing differentiation. The formation of mineralized nodules was obviously fewer in mutants. Digital Gene Expression (DGE) showed that Dspp mutation affected the OLC differentiation in a degree. Further examination validated that Dspp (LV-Dspp) overexpressing OLCs possessed the ability to strictly orchestrate framework for mineralization inductors like Bmp2, Col1 and Runx2, and proliferative markers for mineralization like Alp and Ocn, as well as mineral homeostasis feedback regulators Mgp and Htra1. However, the missense mutation in Dspp signal peptide region (LV-M2) and the nonsense mutation (LV-M5) broke this orchestration. The results suggested that the mutant Dspp disrupt the dynamic homeostasis of mineralization during OLC differentiation. We are the first to use full-length mouse Dspp gene expression system to explore the mineralization mechanism by which inductors and inhibitors adjust each other during odontoblast differentiation. Our findings shed new light on association between Dspp and the dynamic homeostasis of mineralization inductors and inhibitors, and indicate the disruption of mineralization homeostasis might be a crucial reason for Dspp mutations resulting in dentin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhuan Bian
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yaling Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
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de La Dure-Molla M, Philippe Fournier B, Berdal A. Isolated dentinogenesis imperfecta and dentin dysplasia: revision of the classification. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:445-51. [PMID: 25118030 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentinogenesis imperfecta is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by severe hypomineralization of dentin and altered dentin structure. Dentin extra cellular matrix is composed of 90% of collagen type I and 10% of non-collagenous proteins among which dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin glycoprotein (DGP) and dentin phosphoprotein (DPP) are crucial in dentinogenesis. These proteins are encoded by a single gene: dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and undergo several post-translational modifications such as glycosylation and phosphorylation to contribute and to control mineralization. Human mutations of this DSPP gene are responsible for three isolated dentinal diseases classified by Shield in 1973: type II and III dentinogenesis imperfecta and type II dentin dysplasia. Shield classification was based on clinical phenotypes observed in patient. Genetics results show now that these three diseases are a severity variation of the same pathology. So this review aims to revise and to propose a new classification of the isolated forms of DI to simplify diagnosis for practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel de La Dure-Molla
- 1] Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 872, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Paris, France [2] Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France [3] The Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University, Paris, France [4] Paris-Diderot, School of Dentistry, Paris, France [5] Reference Center for Dental Rare Disease, MAFACE Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Philippe Fournier
- 1] Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 872, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Paris, France [2] Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France [3] The Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University, Paris, France [4] Paris-Diderot, School of Dentistry, Paris, France [5] Reference Center for Dental Rare Disease, MAFACE Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Ariane Berdal
- 1] Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 872, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Paris, France [2] Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France [3] The Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University, Paris, France [4] Paris-Diderot, School of Dentistry, Paris, France [5] Reference Center for Dental Rare Disease, MAFACE Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Nam AS, Yin Y, von Marschall Z, Fisher LW. Efficient trafficking of acidic proteins out of the endoplasmic reticulum involves a conserved amino terminal IleProVal (IPV)-like tripeptide motif. Connect Tissue Res 2014; 55 Suppl 1:138-41. [PMID: 24844412 PMCID: PMC4153534 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2014.923852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Most of the proposed extracellular biomineralization processes include the secretion of proteins that interact with mineral ions and/or mineral surfaces. Typically these proteins are acidic or have acidic domains that interact with multivalent cations in the extracellular environment. We propose that most acidic, Ca(2+)-binding proteins challenge the cell's mechanisms for trafficking through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen due to lumenal mM calcium that cause them to form large aggregates. We have recently shown that >95% of the DSPP mutations that cause non-syndromic genetic dentin diseases start their dominant negative affects by failing to rapidly exit the ER likely by forming complexes that cannot be normally trafficked to the Golgi. The complexes of mutant DSPP then capture more (severe disease) or less (mild disease) of the DSPP translated from the normal allele. After searching genomic databases as well as the published literature, we found the IleProVal (IPV)-like motif at the predicted amino terminus of many acidic proteins made in the mineralizing as well as non-mineralizing tissues of many species including vertebrates, echinoderms, mollusks, and yeast. While we often focused on acidic proteins reported associated with mineralizing structures, proteins associated with hormones and their storage/secretion, digestion, blood functions, as well as milk and other secreted fluids started with variations of the motif. Our hypothesis is that the IPV-like motif interacts with a highly conserved cargo receptor in the ER that efficiently traffics the acidic proteins out of the organelle before they can form harmful aggregates in the Ca(2+)-rich lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Larry W. Fisher
- corresponding author: Room 223, Building 30, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4320. Phone: 301-496-5769, Fax: 301-402-0824,
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A DSPP mutation causing dentinogenesis imperfecta and characterization of the mutational effect. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:948181. [PMID: 23509818 PMCID: PMC3591212 DOI: 10.1155/2013/948181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the DSPP gene have been identified in nonsyndromic hereditary dentin defects, but the genotype-phenotype correlations are not fully understood. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the mutations of DSPP affecting the IPV leader sequence result in mutant DSPP retention in rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this study, we identified a Korean family with dentinogenesis imperfecta type III. To identify the disease causing mutation in this family, we performed mutational analysis based on candidate gene sequencing. Exons and exon-intron boundaries of DSPP gene were sequenced, and the effects of the identified mutation on the pre-mRNA splicing and protein secretion were investigated. Candidate gene sequencing revealed a mutation (c.50C > T, p.P17L) in exon 2 of the DSPP gene. The splicing assay showed that the mutation did not influence pre-mRNA splicing. However, the mutation interfered with protein secretion and resulted in the mutant protein remaining largely in the ER. These results suggest that the mutation affects ER-to-Golgi apparatus export and results in the reduction of secreted DSPP and ER overload. This may induce cell stress and damage processing and/or transport of dentin matrix proteins or other critical proteins.
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Li X, Yang G, Fan M. Effects of Homeobox Gene Distal-less 3 on Proliferation and Odontoblastic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2012; 38:1504-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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von Marschall Z, Mok S, Phillips MD, McKnight DA, Fisher LW. Rough endoplasmic reticulum trafficking errors by different classes of mutant dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) cause dominant negative effects in both dentinogenesis imperfecta and dentin dysplasia by entrapping normal DSPP. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:1309-21. [PMID: 22392858 PMCID: PMC3390460 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Families with nonsyndromic dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) and the milder, dentin dysplasia (DD), have mutations in one allele of the dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene. Because loss of a single Dspp allele in mice (and likely, humans) causes no dental phenotype, the mechanism(s) underling the dominant negative effects were investigated. DSPP mutations occur in three classes. (The first class, the mid-leader missense mutation, Y6D, was not investigated in this report.) All other 5′ mutations of DSPP result in changes/loss in the first three amino acids (isoleucine-proline-valine [IPV]) of mature DSPP or, for the A15V missense mutation, some retention of the hydrophobic leader sequence. All of this second class of mutations caused mutant DSPP to be retained in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) of transfected HEK293 cells. Trafficking out of the rER by coexpressed normal DSPP was reduced in a dose-responsive manner, probably due to formation of Ca2+-dependent complexes with the retained mutant DSPP. IPV-like sequences begin many secreted Ca2+-binding proteins, and changing the third amino acid to the charged aspartate (D) in three other acidic proteins also caused increased rER accumulation. Both the leader-retaining A15V and the long string of hydrophobic amino acids resulting from all known frameshift mutations within the 3′-encoded Ca2+-binding repeat domain (third class of mutations) caused retention by association of the mutant proteins with rER membranes. More 5′ frameshift mutations result in longer mutant hydrophobic domains, but the milder phenotype, DD, probably due to lower effectiveness of the remaining, shorter Ca2+-binding domain in capturing normal DSPP protein within the rER. This study presents evidence of a shared underlying mechanism of capturing of normal DSPP by two different classes of DSPP mutations and offers an explanation for the mild (DD-II) versus severe (DGI-II and III) nonsyndromic dentin phenotypes. Evidence is also presented that many acidic, Ca2+-binding proteins may use the same IPV-like receptor/pathway for exiting the rER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia von Marschall
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health/DHHS, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA 20892-4320, USA
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Hereditary dentine diseases resulting from mutations in DSPP gene. J Dent 2012; 40:542-8. [PMID: 22521702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review groups the newest results of molecular analyses of DSPP gene for patients diagnosed either with dentinogenesis imperfecta type II/III or dentine dysplasia and tries to link the phenotypes with specific mutations in the DSPP gene. DATA The review includes biochemical data introducing a specificity of DSPP protein which justifies it as a critical factor for dentine mineralization and maturation. The majority of the review analyzes mutations in the DSPP gene which result in phenotypes of dentinogenesis imperfecta types II or/and III or dentine dysplasia. SOURCES An electronic search was conducted in the databases of Pub Med and supplemented by manual study of relevant references. STUDY SELECTION 52 out of 108 references were finally selected for the review based on the novelty and/or originality of data. CONCLUSION Hereditary dentine disorders dentinogenesis imperfecta type II/III and dentine dysplasia are currently proposed to be one disease with distinct clinical manifestations reflecting various mutations in the same DSPP gene. For years both disorders were linked exclusively to mutations in the DSP code but a growing number of papers describe mutations which manifest a similar phenotype but are localized in the strongly repetitive sequence of the 3' terminus of the DSPP which codes DPP protein. Our search suggests that the localization of mutation in the sequence of the DSPP gene might result in a different phenotype due to the diverse cellular fate of the mutated protein. Thus comprehensive research on the cellular fate and processing of both normal and mutated DSPP is still required.
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Wang SK, Chan HC, Rajderkar S, Milkovich RN, Uston KA, Kim JW, Simmer JP, Hu JCC. Enamel malformations associated with a defined dentin sialophosphoprotein mutation in two families. Eur J Oral Sci 2011; 119 Suppl 1:158-67. [PMID: 22243242 PMCID: PMC3266624 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2011.00874.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) mutations cause dentin dysplasia type II (DD-II) and dentinogenesis imperfecta types II and III (DGI-II and DGI-III, respectively). We identified two kindreds with DGI-II who exhibited vertical bands of hypoplastic enamel. Both families had a previously reported DSPP mutation that segregated with the disease phenotype. Oral photographs and dental radiographs of four affected and one unaffected participant in one family and of the proband in the second family were used to document the dental phenotypes. We aligned the 33 unique allelic DSPP sequences showing variable patterns of insertions and deletions (indels), generated a merged dentin phosphoprotein (DPP) sequence that includes sequences from all DSPP length haplotypes, and mapped the known DSPP mutations in this context. Analyses of the DSPP sequence changes and their probable effects on protein expression, as well as published findings of the dental phenotype in Dspp null mice, support the hypothesis that all DSPP mutations cause pathology through dominant-negative effects. Noting that Dspp is transiently expressed by mouse pre-ameloblasts during formation of the dentino-enamel junction, we hypothesize that DSPP dominant-negative effects potentially cause cellular pathology in pre-ameloblasts that, in turn, causes enamel defects. We conclude that enamel defects can be part of the dental phenotype caused by DSPP mutations, although DSPP is not critical for dental enamel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Kai Wang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48108
- Oral Health Sciences program, University of Michigan School of Dentistry; 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | - Hui-Chen Chan
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48108
| | - Sudha Rajderkar
- Oral Health Sciences program, University of Michigan School of Dentistry; 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | - Rachel N. Milkovich
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48108
| | - Karen A. Uston
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 275-1 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-768, Korea
| | - James P. Simmer
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48108
| | - Jan C-C. Hu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48108
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A novel splicing mutation alters DSPP transcription and leads to dentinogenesis imperfecta type II. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27982. [PMID: 22125647 PMCID: PMC3220712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) type II is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by a serious disorders in teeth. Mutations of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene were revealed to be the causation of DGI type II (DGI-II). In this study, we identified a novel mutation (NG_011595.1:g.8662T>C, c.135+2T>C) lying in the splice donor site of intron 3 of DSPP gene in a Chinese Han DGI-II pedigree. It was found in all affected subjects but not in unaffected ones or other unrelated healthy controls. The function of the mutant DSPP gene, which was predicted online and subsequently confirmed by in vitro splicing analysis, was the loss of splicing of intron 3, leading to the extended length of DSPP mRNA. For the first time, the functional non-splicing of intron was revealed in a novel DSPP mutation and was considered as the causation of DGI-II. It was also indicated that splicing was of key importance to the function of DSPP and this splice donor site might be a sensitive mutation hot spot. Our findings combined with other reports would facilitate the genetic diagnosis of DGI-II, shed light on its gene therapy and help to finally conquer human diseases.
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Lee KE, Kang HY, Lee SK, Yoo SH, Lee JC, Hwang YH, Nam KH, Kim JS, Park JC, Kim JW. Novel dentin phosphoprotein frameshift mutations in dentinogenesis imperfecta type II. Clin Genet 2011; 79:378-84. [PMID: 20618350 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene encodes the most abundant non-collagenous protein in tooth dentin and DSPP protein is cleaved into several segments including the highly phosphorylated dentin phosphoprotein (DPP). Mutations in the DSPP gene have been solely related to non-syndromic form of hereditary dentin defects. We recruited three Korean families with dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) type II and sequenced the exons and exon-intron boundaries of the DSPP gene based on the candidate gene approach. Direct sequencing of PCR products and allele-specific cloning of the highly repetitive exon 5 revealed novel single base pair (bp) deletional mutations (c.2688delT and c.3560delG) introducing hydrophobic amino acids in the hydrophilic repeat domain of the DPP coding region. All affected members of the three families showed exceptionally rapid pulp chambers obliteration, even before tooth eruption. Individuals with the c.3560delG mutation showed only mild, yellowish tooth discoloration, in contrast to the affected individuals from two families with c.2688delT mutation. We believe that these results will help us to understand the molecular pathogenesis of DGI type II as well as the normal process of dentin biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-E Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology & Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee KE, Lee SK, Jung SE, Lee Z, Kim JW. Functional splicing assay of DSPP mutations in hereditary dentin defects. Oral Dis 2011; 17:690-5. [PMID: 21736673 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene mutations have been identified in isolated hereditary dentin defects; however, the genotype-phenotype correlations are poorly understood. We performed in vitro splicing assays to test the hypothesis that DSPP mutations in splice junctions as well as proposed missense/nonsense mutations experimentally result in aberrant pre-mRNA splicing. MATERIALS AND METHODS The genomic fragment of the human DSPP gene was cloned into the pSPL3 splicing vector, and previously reported as well as informative de novo mutations were then introduced by PCR mutagenesis. The COS-7 cells were transfected with each plasmid vector, and total RNA was isolated. RT-PCR result was analyzed, and the band intensity of the product was calibrated using ImageJ. RESULTS The predictions by others of exon 3 skipping in specific DSPP mutations have been validated and a cryptic splicing donor site has been identified. However, the degree of mutational effect on pre-mRNA splicing varied considerably depending on the changed nucleotide. CONCLUSIONS The predictions of exon 3 skipping in specific DSPP mutations have been validated, and a cryptic splicing donor site has been identified. Our data may provide insight into the contribution of DSPP mutations in the pathogenesis and genotype-phenotype correlations of hereditary dentin defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-E Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Yamakoshi Y, Nagano T, Hu JC, Yamakoshi F, Simmer JP. Porcine dentin sialoprotein glycosylation and glycosaminoglycan attachments. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2011; 12:6. [PMID: 21291557 PMCID: PMC3039539 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-12-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp) is a multidomain, secreted protein that is critical for the formation of tooth dentin. Mutations in DSPP cause inherited dentin defects categorized as dentin dysplasia type II and dentinogenesis imperfecta type II and type III. Dentin sialoprotein (Dsp), the N-terminal domain of dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp), is a highly glycosylated proteoglycan, but little is known about the number, character, and attachment sites of its carbohydrate moieties. Results To identify its carbohydrate attachment sites we isolated Dsp from developing porcine molars and digested it with endoproteinase Glu-C or pronase, fractionated the digestion products, identified fractions containing glycosylated peptides using a phenol sulfuric acid assay, and characterized the glycopeptides by N-terminal sequencing, amino acid analyses, or LC/MSMS. To determine the average number of sialic acid attachments per N-glycosylation, we digested Dsp with glycopeptidase A, labeled the released N-glycosylations with 2-aminobenzoic acid, and quantified the moles of released glycosylations by comparison to labeled standards of known concentration. Sialic acid was released by sialidase digestion and quantified by measuring β-NADH reduction of pyruvic acid, which was generated stoichiometrically from sialic acid by aldolase. To determine its forms, sialic acid released by sialidase digestion was labeled with 1,2-diamino-4,5-methyleneoxybenzene (DMB) and compared to a DMB-labeled sialic acid reference panel by RP-HPLC. To determine the composition of Dsp glycosaminoglycan (GAG) attachments, we digested Dsp with chondroitinase ABC and compared the chromotagraphic profiles of the released disaccharides to commercial standards. N-glycosylations were identified at Asn37, Asn77, Asn136, Asn155, Asn161, and Asn176. Dsp averages one sialic acid per N-glycosylation, which is always in the form of N-acetylneuraminic acid. O-glycosylations were tentatively assigned at Thr200, Thr216 and Thr316. Porcine Dsp GAG attachments were found at Ser238 and Ser250 and were comprised of chondroitin 6-sulfate and chondroitin 4-sulfate in a ratio of 7 to 3, respectively. Conclusions The distribution of porcine Dsp posttranslational modifications indicate that porcine Dsp has an N-terminal domain with at least six N-glycosylations and a C-terminal domain with two GAG attachments and at least two O-glycosylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Yamakoshi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
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Lee SK, Lee KE, Hwang YH, Kida M, Tsutsumi T, Ariga T, Park JC, Kim JW. Identification of the DSPP mutation in a new kindred and phenotype-genotype correlation. Oral Dis 2010; 17:314-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Tziafas D, Kodonas K. Differentiation potential of dental papilla, dental pulp, and apical papilla progenitor cells. J Endod 2010; 36:781-9. [PMID: 20416419 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regenerative endodontic procedures use the differentiation potential of embryonic and adult pulp progenitor cell populations to reconstitute dental structures. METHODS An in-depth search of the literature was accomplished to review biologic knowledge from basic research on tooth morphogenesis and differentiation, root development, dentin-pulp regeneration, pulp revascularization and apexification, experimental and clinical studies on the dentinogenic differentiation potential of progenitor cells in the embryonic dental papilla, dental pulp, and associated mesenchymal tissues of the developing root. RESULTS Odontogenic potential is determined during early tooth morphogenesis in the odontogenic mesenchyme. Progenitor cells from the odontogenic mesenchyme give rise to primary dentin-forming cells (odontoblasts) in the presence of stage-specific enamel epithelium and/or basement membrane and tertiary dentin-forming cells (odontoblast-like cells) in experimental conditions. The specificity of odontogenic mesenchymal cells to form tertiary dentin might be related to the repertoire of signaling pathways operated by the temporospatial pattern of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during tooth formation. Dental papilla cells isolated from tooth germs before the onset of odontoblast differentiation have not shown any competence to become odontoblasts in the absence of enamel epithelium. On the other hand, the specificity of progenitor cells in the mesenchymal cell populations of the developing root apex remains to be determined. CONCLUSIONS It seems evident that the dental pulp might be only used as a source of progenitor cells with dentinogenic competence for the regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex. The nature of dental or apical papilla progenitor cells in terms of their specificity for dentin regeneration has to be first characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tziafas
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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