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Antoniadou M, Rozos G, Vaiou N, Zaralis K, Ersanli C, Alexopoulos A, Tzora A, Varzakas T, Voidarou C(C. The In Vitro Assessment of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Efficacy in Rosa damascena and Hypericum perforatum Extracts against Pathogenic Strains in the Interplay of Dental Caries, Oral Health, and Food Microbiota. Microorganisms 2023; 12:60. [PMID: 38257885 PMCID: PMC10819596 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising demand for novel antibiotic agents prompts an investigation into natural resources, notably plant-derived compounds. In this study, various extracts (aqueous, ethanolic, aqueous-ethanolic, and enzymatic) of Rosa damascena and Hypericum perforatum were systematically evaluated against bacterial strains isolated from dental lesions (n = 6) and food sources (raw milk and broiler carcass, n = 2). Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), antibiofilm activity, and time-kill kinetics were assessed across a range of extract concentrations, revealing a dose-responsive effect. Notably, some extracts exhibited superior antibacterial efficacy compared to standard clinical antibiotics, and the time-kill kinetics demonstrated a rapid elimination of bacterial loads within 24 h. The susceptibility pattern proved strain-specific, contingent upon the extract type, yet all tested pathogens exhibited sensitivity. The identified extracts, rich in phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, as well as other antioxidant properties, contributed to their remarkable antibiotic effects. This comprehensive investigation not only highlights the potential of Rosa damascena and Hypericum perforatum extracts as potent antibacterial agents against diverse bacterial strains including caries pathogens, but also underscores their rapid action and dose-dependent efficacy. The findings suggest a promising avenue for harnessing plant-derived compounds in the development of novel antimicrobial strategies against dental caries and other oral inflammations, bridging the gap between natural resources and antibiotic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antoniadou
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
- CSAP, Executive Mastering Program in Systemic Management, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Georgios Rozos
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100 Florina, Greece; (G.R.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece; (C.E.); (A.T.)
| | - Natalia Vaiou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Zaralis
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, 53100 Florina, Greece; (G.R.); (K.Z.)
| | - Caglar Ersanli
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece; (C.E.); (A.T.)
| | - Athanasios Alexopoulos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Hygiene, Department of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, 68200 Orestiada, Greece;
| | - Athina Tzora
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece; (C.E.); (A.T.)
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Chrysoula (Chrysa) Voidarou
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece; (C.E.); (A.T.)
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Valadbeigi H, Khoshnood S, Negahdari B, Maleki A, Mohammadinejat M, Haddadi MH. Mixed oral biofilms are controlled by the interspecies interactions of Fusobacterium nucleatum. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 38009960 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is an integral component of supra- and subgingival biofilms, especially more prevalent in subgingival areas during both periodontal health and disease. AIMS In this review, we explore the physical, metabolic, and genetic interactions that influence the role of F. nucleatum in the formation of mixed oral biofilms. The role of F. nucleatum in antibiotic resistance in oral biofilms was discussed and some therapeutic strategies were proposed. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Web of Science were extensively searched for English-language reports. RESULTS F. nucleatum-derived proteins such as RadD, Fap2, FomA, and CmpA are involved in direct interactions contributing to biofilm formation, while autoinducer-2 and putrescine are involved in metabolic interactions. Both groups are essential for the formation and persistence of oral biofilms. This study highlights the clinical relevance of targeted interactions of F. nucleatum in supra- and subgingival oral biofilms. CONCLUSIONS By focusing on these interactions, researchers and clinicians can develop more effective strategies to prevent biofilm-related disease and reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance. Further research in this area is warranted to explore the potential therapeutic interventions that can be derived from understanding the interactions of F. nucleatum in oral biofilm dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Valadbeigi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Maleki
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Medya Mohammadinejat
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, North-Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang Y, Zeng Y. Lemierre's Syndrome Under the Disguise of COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Case Report and Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e45827. [PMID: 37876396 PMCID: PMC10593421 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lemierre's syndrome refers to septic thrombophlebitis caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum bacteremia. The incidence of Lemierre's syndrome has risen over the past two decades. This report describes a case of a 31-year-old woman presenting with multifocal pneumonia and uncomplicated parapneumonic effusion, considered as COVID-19 pneumonia initially, then found to have Lemierre's syndrome with Fusobacterium necrophorum bacteremia and right internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis. Her condition improved after four weeks of antibiotics without anticoagulation. The article summarized the history, epidemiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and treatment of Lemierre's syndrome, the rare but severe complication of bacterial infection. The article also summarized six reported Lemierre's syndrome cases during the COVID-19 pandemic to emphasize the significance of having a broad differential diagnosis for respiratory symptoms, especially in the COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Zhang
- Internal Medicine, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, USA
| | - Yuhao Zeng
- Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Akron General, Akron, USA
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Fernández Vecilla D, Roche Matheus MP, Urrutikoetxea Gutiérrez MJ, Pérez Ramos IS, Hidalgo GI, Calvo Muro FE, Díaz de Tuesta Del Arco JL. Fusobacterium ulcerans. From tropical ulcers to gut commensal and bacterial translocation? Anaerobe 2023; 81:102733. [PMID: 37086754 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The genusFusobacterium contains currently 13 species presenting as non-spore-forming, obligate anaerobic, gram-negative fusiform rods. Fusobacterium ulcerans was discovered in 1988 causing tropical ulcers. We present the case of a patient with diverticulitis complicated with bacteremia. Both aerobic bottles were positive at 20 and 24 h, while one anaerobic bottle was positive at 36 h. Escherichia coli and Fusobacterium ulcerans were identified from subcultures by MALDI-TOF MS with a score of 2.02 and 2.35, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene was sequenced in order to confirm the identification of F. ulcerans with a 100% homology to the reference strain. The patient was treated with 4 g/0,5 g of IV piperacillin/tazobactam and later with 1 g/0,2 g of amoxicillin/clavulanic during 7 days with good clinical evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Fernández Vecilla
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Basurto University Hospital, 18 Avenida Montevideo, 48013, Bilbao, Biscay, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Mary Paz Roche Matheus
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Basurto University Hospital, 18 Avenida Montevideo, 48013, Bilbao, Biscay, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Mikel Joseba Urrutikoetxea Gutiérrez
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Basurto University Hospital, 18 Avenida Montevideo, 48013, Bilbao, Biscay, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Iris Sharon Pérez Ramos
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Basurto University Hospital, 18 Avenida Montevideo, 48013, Bilbao, Biscay, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Gotzon Iglesias Hidalgo
- Radiodiagnosis Service of Cruces University Hospital, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Biscay, Spain.
| | - Felicitas Elena Calvo Muro
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Basurto University Hospital, 18 Avenida Montevideo, 48013, Bilbao, Biscay, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Biscay, Spain.
| | - José Luis Díaz de Tuesta Del Arco
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Basurto University Hospital, 18 Avenida Montevideo, 48013, Bilbao, Biscay, Spain; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces Plaza, 48903, Biscay, Spain.
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Loureiro C, Buzalaf MAR, Ventura TMO, Pelá VT, Rodrigues GWL, Andrade JG, Pessan JP, Jacinto RC. Teeth with acute apical abscess vs. teeth with chronic apical periodontitis: a quantitative and qualitative proteomic analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:591-601. [PMID: 36445466 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the proteomic profile of teeth with acute apical abscesses (AAA) compared with teeth with chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) and to correlate the expression of detected human proteins with their main biological functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were obtained from root canals of 9 patients diagnosed with AAA and 9 with CAP. Samples were analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was performed by Protein Lynx Global Service software. Differences in protein expression were calculated using the t-test (p < 0.05). RESULTS In total, 246 human proteins were identified from all samples. Proteins exclusively found in the AAA group were mainly associated with the immunoinflammatory response and oxidative stress response. In the quantitative analysis, 17 proteins were upregulated (p < 0.05) in the AAA group, including alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, hemopexin, fibrinogen gamma chain, and immunoglobulin. Additionally, 61 proteins were downregulated (p < 0.05), comprising cathepsin G, moesin, gelsolin, and transketolase. Most of the proteins were from the extracellular matrix, cytoplasm, and nucleus. CONCLUSIONS The common proteins between the groups were mainly associated with the immune response at both expression levels. Upregulated proteins mostly belonged to the acute-phase proteins, while the downregulated proteins were associated with DNA/RNA regulation and repair, and structural function. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The host response is directly related to the development of apical abscesses. Thus, understanding the behavior of human proteins against the endodontic pathogens involved in this condition might contribute to the study of new approaches related to the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Loureiro
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, SP, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vinícius Taioqui Pelá
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gladiston William Lobo Rodrigues
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, SP, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Júlia Guerra Andrade
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, SP, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, SP, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Rogério Castilho Jacinto
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, SP, Araçatuba, Brazil.
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Xiang D, Dong PT, Cen L, Bor B, Lux R, Shi W, Yu Q, He X, Wu T. Antagonistic interaction between two key endodontic pathogens Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. J Oral Microbiol 2023; 15:2149448. [DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2149448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Doudou Xiang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pu-Ting Dong
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lujia Cen
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Batbileg Bor
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Renate Lux
- School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wenyuan Shi
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuesong He
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tingxi Wu
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Loureiro C, Buzalaf MAR, Pessan JP, Ventura TMO, Pelá VT, Ribeiro APF, Jacinto RDC. Proteomic analysis of infected root canals with apical periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Int Endod J 2022; 55:910-922. [PMID: 35766999 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively determine the proteomic profile of apical periodontitis (AP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in comparison with systemically noncompromised patients and to correlate the protein expression of both groups with their biological functions. METHODOLOGY The sample consisted of 18 patients with asymptomatic AP divided into two groups according to the presence of T2DM: diabetic group-patients with T2DM (n = 9) and control group-systemically healthy patients (n = 9). After sample collection, the root canal samples were prepared for proteomic analysis using reverse-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was performed by Protein Lynx Global Service software. Differences in protein expression between groups were calculated using t-test (p < .05). Biological functions were analysed using the Homo sapiens UniProt database. RESULTS A total of 727 human proteins were identified in all samples. Among them, 124 proteins common to both groups were quantified, out of which 65 proteins from the diabetic group showed significant differences compared with the control: 43 upregulated (p < .05) and 22 downregulated (p < .05) proteins. No significant differences in protein expression were seen for the remaining 59 proteins (p > .05). Most proteins with differences in expression were related to immune/inflammatory response. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, Plastin-2, Lactotransferrin and 13 isoforms of immunoglobulins were upregulated. In contrast, Protein S100-A8, Protein S100-A9, Histone H2B, Neutrophil defensin 1, Neutrophil defensin 3 and Prolactin-inducible protein were downregulated. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative differences were demonstrated in the expression of proteins common to diabetic and control groups, mainly related to immune response, oxidative stress, apoptosis and proteolysis. These findings revealed biological pathways that provide the basis to support clinical findings on the relationship between AP and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Loureiro
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius Taioqui Pelá
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Fernandes Ribeiro
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Rogério de Castilho Jacinto
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, Brazil
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Gabrielli ES, Lima AR, Francisco PA, Herrera DR, de-Jesus-Soares A, Ferraz CCR, Almeida JFA, Marciano MA, Gomes BPFA. Comparative analysis of bacterial content, levels of lipopolysaccharides and lipoteichoic acid in symptomatic and asymptomatic endodontic infections at different stages of endodontic treatment. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:287-302. [PMID: 34114101 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to detect the presence of specific bacteria and to evaluate the levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in symptomatic necrotic root canals associated with acute apical abscess (symptomatic group - GI). It also aimed to compare the findings with those presented by asymptomatic necrotic root canals (asymptomatic group - GII) in the different stages of the endodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microbiological samples were collected from 20 root canals, including purulent collection from acute apical abscesses, before and after chemo-mechanical preparation (CMP) preparation (CMP) with chlorhexidine gel 2% and after 30 days of intracanal medication (ICM) with (Ca[OH]2) + chlorhexidine. The culture method was used to evaluate the efficacy of CMP and ICM. Nested PCR was used to detect the presence of 17 specific bacteria. Levels of LPS were measured by using limulus amebocyte lysate, whereas enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for the quantification of LTA. RESULTS CMP was effective in reducing the microbial load in both groups (P < 0.05). LPS levels were higher in GI than in GII (P < 0.05). There was a significant reduction in the LPS levels after CMP and ICM (P < 0.05) in GI and GII. LTA levels were significantly reduced in GI after ICM and in GII after CMP and ICM (both P < 0.05). Fusobacterium nucleatum and Enterococcus faecalis were frequently identified in both groups, alone or in combination with each other. CONCLUSION Different species were detected in all stages of the endodontic treatment. CMP was able to reduce bacterial content and the levels of LPS, but not of LTA in the symptomatic group. High levels of LPS were correlated with spontaneous pain and pain to percussion in the symptomatic group. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This clinical study showed that chemo-mechanical preparation was able to reduce bacterial load and levels of LPS, but not of LTA in the symptomatic group. Elevated levels of LPS were correlated with the presence of symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel S Gabrielli
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Av Limeira 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Augusto R Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Av Limeira 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila A Francisco
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Av Limeira 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel R Herrera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Av Limeira 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Mario Santos Braga, 28, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana de-Jesus-Soares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Av Limeira 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio C R Ferraz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Av Limeira 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Flávio A Almeida
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Av Limeira 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina A Marciano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Av Limeira 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brenda P F A Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School - State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Av Limeira 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Identification of Fusobacterium nucleatum in primary and secondary endodontic infections and its association with clinical features by using two different methods. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6249-6258. [PMID: 33844080 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fusobacterium nucleatum is an important oral pathogen involved in endodontic infections. This study aimed to assess the frequency of Fusobacterium nucleatum in primary and secondary endodontic infections and its associations with the clinical features in a Brazilian population by using both culture and nested PCR methods. METHODS A total of 100 microbial samples from patients with primary (n=50) and secondary endodontic infections (n=50) were analyzed by using culture and nested PCR methods. Strict anaerobic techniques were used for culture and identification of F. nucleatum. The DNA extracted from the samples was analyzed for the presence of target species by using species-specific primers. RESULTS Culture and nested PCR methods detected F. nucleatum, respectively, in 11/100 and 82/100 root canals. F. nucleatum was isolated by culture from 10/50 (20%) root canals with primary infections and from 1/50 (2%) root canal with secondary/persistent infections. Nested PCR detected F. nucleatum in 42/50 (84%) root canals with primary infections and in 40/50 (80%) root canals with secondary/persistent endodontic infections. F. nucleatum was associated with spontaneous pain, tenderness to percussion, pain on palpation, swelling, tooth mobility, wet root canals, hemorrhagic exudate, tooth decay, inadequate restoration, and poor endodontic filling. CONCLUSION F. nucleatum was found in more cases of primary endodontic infections than in cases of secondary/persistent ones. A higher prevalence of F. nucleatum was detected by using the nested PCR method than by using culture. The presence of F. nucleatum in the root canals was associated with several clinical features. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The high prevalence of F. nucleatum in the root canals detected by molecular methods, and its association with several clinical features reveals the importance of these species in the development of apical pathologies and reinforces the need of an endodontic treatment directed to bacterial elimination.
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Loureiro C, Buzalaf MAR, Moraes FRN, Ventura TMO, Pelá VT, Pessan JP, Jacinto RC. Quantitative proteomic analysis in symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2021; 54:834-847. [PMID: 33480079 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM To quantitatively and qualitatively compare the host proteomic profile in samples of symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AP) using nano-liquid chromatography-electron spray tandem mass spectrometry. METHODOLOGY Samples were obtained from 18 patients with radiographically evident AP, divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups (nine per group) according to clinical characteristics. After sample collection, protein extraction, purification and quantification of the samples were performed, which were analysed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was performed by Protein Lynx Global Service software. Differences in expression of proteins between the groups were calculated using the Monte Carlo algorithm, considering P < 0.05 for down-regulated proteins and 1 - P > 0.95 for up-regulated proteins. Proteins were identified with the embedded ion accounting algorithm in the software and a search of the Homo sapiens UniProt database. RESULTS A total of 853 individual human proteins were identified. In the quantitative analysis, common proteins to both groups accounted for 143 proteins. Differences in expression between groups resulted in 51 up-regulated proteins (1 - P > 0.95) in the symptomatic group, including alpha-1-antitrypsin, protein S100-A8, myeloperoxidase, peroxiredoxin and lactotransferrin. This group also had 43 down-regulated proteins (P < 0.05), comprising immunoglobulin, neutrophil defensin, pyruvate kinase and alpha-enolase. The qualitative analysis considered only the exclusive proteins of each group. For the symptomatic group, 318 complete proteins and 29 fragments were identified, such as dedicator of cytokinesis protein, intersectin, prostaglandin, phospholipase DDHD2 and superoxide dismutase. For the asymptomatic group, 326 complete proteins and 37 fragments were identified, including azurocidin, C-reactive protein, collagen alpha, cathepsin, heat shock and laminin. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative differences in the expression of common proteins in cases of symptomatic and asymptomatic AP were found, which were mostly related to host immune response in both groups. Exclusive proteins in the symptomatic group were mainly related to the host response to the presence of viruses in endodontic infections, oxidative stress and proteolytic enzymes. The results provide a basis for a better understanding of cellular and molecular pathways involved in AP, establishing specific proteomic profiles for symptomatic and asymptomatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Loureiro
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Aracatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - M A R Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - F R N Moraes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Aracatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - T M O Ventura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - V T Pelá
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - J P Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Aracatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - R C Jacinto
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Aracatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
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Concentration of Penicillin G in Jawbone Affected by Antiresorptive Agent-Related Osteonecrosis Following a Single Preoperative Dose. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 10:antibiotics10010017. [PMID: 33375399 PMCID: PMC7824264 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of penicillin G in bone affected by antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ARONJ) following a single preoperative dose of 10 million international units (6000 mg). ARONJ is a major concern in patients administered antiresorptive agents for conditions associated with pathologically increased bone resorption. Antibiotic therapy is a key component of most treatment approaches for ARONJ and penicillin based regimens, providing a cost effective therapy option with a favorable side effect profile, are administered most frequently. In this study, high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was applied to evaluate penicillin G concentration in serum and bone samples of 19 patients suffering from ARONJ and undergoing surgical treatment under perioperative intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy. Penicillin G bone concentrations were above the limit of detection (0.1 μg/g bone tissue) in 16 out of 19 samples, with a median concentration of 2.7 μg/g (range 0.1–8.8 μg/g). Penicillin G concentrations in intraoperative serum samples were above the limit of detection in all serum samples, with a median concentration of 116 μg/mL (range 1–232 μg/mL). Thus, considering bacteria frequently found in ARONJ lesions, penicillin G at levels providing adequate antimicrobial activity was detected in the serum and 16 out of 19 osteonecrotic lesions of patients suffering from ARONJ.
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Stojković D, Kostić M, Smiljković M, Aleksić M, Vasiljević P, Nikolić M, Soković M. Linking Antimicrobial Potential of Natural Products Derived from Aquatic Organisms and Microbes Involved in Alzheimer's Disease - A Review. Curr Med Chem 2020. [PMID: 29521212 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180309103645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The following review is oriented towards microbes linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and antimicrobial effect of compounds and extracts derived from aquatic organisms against specific bacteria, fungi and viruses which were found previously in patients suffering from AD. Major group of microbes linked to AD include bacteria: Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Actinomyces naeslundii, spirochete group; fungi: Candida sp., Cryptococcus sp., Saccharomyces sp., Malassezia sp., Botrytis sp., and viruses: herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Human cytomegalovirus (CMV), hepatitis C virus (HCV). In the light of that fact, this review is the first to link antimicrobial potential of aquatic organisms against these sorts of microbes. This literature review might serve as a starting platform to develop novel supportive therapy for patients suffering from AD and to possibly prevent escalation of the disease in patients already having high-risk factors for AD occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Stojković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Kostić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Smiljković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Aleksić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Nis, Visegradska 33, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Perica Vasiljević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Nis, Visegradska 33, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Miloš Nikolić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Soković
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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de Leeuw MA, Duval MX. The Presence of Periodontal Pathogens in Gastric Cancer. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2020; 000:1-10. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2020.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Budai-Szűcs M, Léber A, Cui L, Józó M, Vályi P, Burián K, Kirschweng B, Csányi E, Pukánszky B. Electrospun PLA Fibers Containing Metronidazole for Periodontal Disease. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:233-242. [PMID: 32021107 PMCID: PMC6970621 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s231748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Electrospun PLA fiber devices were investigated in the form of fiber mats and disks. Metronidazole was used as an active agent; its concentration was 12.2 and 25.7 wt% in the devices. Methods The structure was studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, drug release by dissolution measurements, while the antimicrobial efficiency was tested on five bacterial strains. Results The XRD study showed that the polymer was partially crystalline in both devices, but a part of metronidazole precipitated and was in the form of crystals among and within the fibers. Liquid penetration and dissolution were different in the two devices, they were faster in disks and slower in fiber mats, due to the morphology of the device and the action of capillary forces. Disks released the drug much faster than fiber mats. Although the release study indicated fast drug dissolution, the concentration achieved a plateau value in 24 hrs for the disks; the inhibition effect lasted much longer, 13 days for bacteria sensitive to metronidazole. The longer inhibition period could be explained by the slower diffusion of metronidazole located inside the fibers of the device. Conclusion The results suggest that the devices may be effective in the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Budai-Szűcs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Léber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lu Cui
- Laboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest H-1521, Hungary.,Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1519, Hungary
| | - Muriel Józó
- Laboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest H-1521, Hungary.,Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1519, Hungary
| | - Péter Vályi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Burián
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kirschweng
- Laboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest H-1521, Hungary.,Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1519, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Csányi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Béla Pukánszky
- Laboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest H-1521, Hungary.,Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1519, Hungary
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15
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Nagata E, Nishiyama T, Yamashita M, Ishigami T, Oho T. A primary canine and an impacted permanent canine with infection potentially induced an intracranial abscess. Aust Dent J 2019; 65:96-99. [PMID: 31659747 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial abscess is a rare but life-threatening disease. There have been no reports on intracranial abscess induced by the residual primary tooth and the impacted successive permanent tooth with infection. We report on an interesting case of a 29-year-old man suffering from an epidural abscess, potentially caused by an infection of the residual primary maxillary right canine and the impacted permanent maxillary right canine. The patient recovered completely after prolonged antibiotic treatment and extraction of both of the suspected teeth. Fusobacterium sp. was isolated from the culture of a peripheral blood sample. This case alerts us to realize that the lack of suitable and timely intervention in oral conditions might produce a harmful effect on general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nagata
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - T Nishiyama
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - M Yamashita
- Department of Oral Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - T Ishigami
- Neurology Disease Center, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - T Oho
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Léber A, Budai-Szűcs M, Urbán E, Vályi P, Gácsi A, Berkó S, Kovács A, Csányi E. Combination of Zinc Hyaluronate and Metronidazole in a Lipid-Based Drug Delivery System for the Treatment of Periodontitis. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E142. [PMID: 30934537 PMCID: PMC6471433 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being a highly prevalent disease and a possible contributor to adult tooth loss, periodontitis possesses no well-established therapy. The aim of the recent study was the development and evaluation of a mucoadhesive monophase lipid formulation for the sustained local delivery of amoxicillin, metronidazole, and/or zinc hyaluronate or gluconate. METHODS To investigate our formulations, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, swelling, erosion, mucoadhesivity, drug release, and antimicrobial measurements were performed. RESULTS Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the loaded drugs are in a suspended form, the softening of the formulations starts at body temperature, but a part remains solid, providing sustained release. Swelling of the lipid compositions is affected by the hydrophilic components, their concentration, and the strength of the coherent lipid structure, while their erosion is impacted by the emulsification of melted lipid components. CONCLUSIONS Results of drug release and antimicrobial effectiveness measurements show that a sustained release may be obtained. Amoxicillin had higher effectiveness against oral pathogens than metronidazole or zinc hyaluronate alone, but the combination of the two latter could provide similar effectiveness to amoxicillin. The applied mucoadhesive polymer may affect adhesivity, drug release through the swelling mechanism, and antimicrobial effect as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Léber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary.
| | - Mária Budai-Szűcs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary.
| | - Edit Urbán
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary.
| | - Péter Vályi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary.
| | - Attila Gácsi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary.
| | - Szilvia Berkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary.
| | - Anita Kovács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary.
| | - Erzsébet Csányi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary.
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Thimmegowda U, Thomas J, Bilichodmath S, Preethi N. Identification of Specific Anaerobic Bacteria in Endodontic Infections of Primary Teeth-A PCR Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019; 12:1-4. [PMID: 31496562 PMCID: PMC6710938 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Invasion of microorganisms and their multiplication in root canals (RCs) results in endodontic infections of primary teeth. Acute and chronic inflammation may be present in the periapical area and are based on the amount and virulence of microorganisms, especially anaerobic bacteria present in the RC. To identify microorganisms very precisely in endodontic infections, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used. Aim The aim of the present study is to identify the specific anaerobic bacteria like Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Actinomyces naeslundii in the RCs of primary teeth using real-time PCR. Methodology Fifteen subjects aged 3–8 years who had endodontic infections in primary molars were selected. The cases who had been selected did not receive any endodontic treatment and antibiotics within 3 months, and children with systemic diseases were not included. Sample collection Samples were taken by placing absorbent paper points into the largest canals of maxillary and mandibular molars for 60 seconds and are then transferred to a sterile Eppendorf tube with tris-hydochloride EDTA (TE) buffer. The samples were stored at −80°C. All samples were subjected to PCR analysis. Result The specific anaerobes detected in the samples were A. naeslundii (93.3%), Prevotella intermedia (53.3%), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (13.3%). Conclusion The results suggested a high bacterial diversity in the RCs of infected primary teeth. How to cite this article Thimmegowda U, Thomas J, et al. Identification of Specific Anaerobic Bacteria in Endodontic Infections of Primary Teeth—A PCR Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(1):1–4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umapathy Thimmegowda
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, RajaRajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Joseph Thomas
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, RajaRajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivaprasad Bilichodmath
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Krishnadevaraya College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveena Preethi
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, RajaRajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Periodontal and endodontic infectious/inflammatory profile in primary periodontal lesions with secondary endodontic involvement after a calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medication. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:53-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Development and validation of a multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) scheme for Fusobacterium necrophorum. Vet Microbiol 2017; 213:108-113. [PMID: 29291993 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium necrophorum is associated with various diseases in humans and animals. Reservoirs (sites where the pathogen persists in the absence of disease) of F. necrophorum are believed to be present in healthy individuals e.g. tonsillar epithelium, or their environment e.g. soil, but for most diseases the reservoir sites are unknown. Strain typing of F. necrophorum would facilitate linking specific reservoirs with a specific disease. The aim of this study was to develop multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) as a strain typing technique for F. necrophorum, and to test the use of this scheme to analyse both isolates and mixed communities of bacteria. Seventy-three tandem repeat regions were identified in the F. necrophorum genome; three of these loci were suitable and developed as a MLVA scheme. The MLVA scheme was sensitive, specific, and discriminatory for both isolates and communities of F. necrophorum. The MLVA scheme strain typed 46/52F. necrophorum isolates including isolates of both subspecies and from different countries, host species and sample sites within host. There were 12 unique MLVA strain types that clustered by subspecies. The MLVA scheme characterised the F. necrophorum community in DNA from 32/49 foot- and 28/33 mouth swabs from sheep. There were 17 community types in total. In 31/32 foot swabs, single strains of F. necrophorum were detected while in the 28 mouth swabs there were up to a maximum of 8 strains of F. necrophorum detected. The results demonstrate the potential for this method to elucidate reservoirs of F. necrophorum.
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Bolfoni MR, Pappen FG, Pereira-Cenci T, Jacinto RC. Antibiotic prescription for endodontic infections: a survey of Brazilian Endodontists. Int Endod J 2017; 51:148-156. [PMID: 28744872 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate antibiotic prescribing habits reported by Brazilian endodontists in specific clinical situations. METHODOLOGY Brazilian endodontists (n = 13 853) were invited to answer an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first part contained personal data such as age, gender, years of experience and location of endodontic practice; the second part included questions regarding their behaviour when prescribing antibiotics in dental practice. The subjects provided their registration number in the Regional Council of Dentistry (RCD) to prevent duplication of data. Data were collected and analysed by SPSS 17.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to test the significance of possible associations (P < 0.05). RESULTS From the 13 853 questionnaires, a total of 615 were answered (4.44%). The first-choice antibiotic was amoxicillin (81.5%), followed by amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (30.7%). For acute apical abscesses with intra- and extraoral diffuse swelling, fever and trismus, 90.1% reported they would prescribe antibiotics, whilst 88.1% reported they would prescribe antibiotics even without extraoral swelling, fever and trismus, and 20.5% would prescribe antibiotics in cases of chronic apical periodontitis, and sinus tract. The first-choice antibiotics varied by age of dentist (P < 0.001) and time elapsed since their endodontic graduation (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Many endodontists reported prescribing antibiotics in situations where they would not be indicated. Likewise, the general administration of antibiotics was longer in duration than necessary, reinforcing the need of continuous education regarding the use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Bolfoni
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas/UFPel, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - F G Pappen
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas/UFPel, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - T Pereira-Cenci
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas/UFPel, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - R C Jacinto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba, Brazil
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Habib AM, Islam MS, Sohel M, Mazumder MHH, Sikder MOF, Shahik SM. Mining the Proteome of Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum ATCC 25586 for Potential Therapeutics Discovery: An In Silico Approach. Genomics Inform 2016; 14:255-264. [PMID: 28154519 PMCID: PMC5287132 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2016.14.4.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plethora of genome sequence information of bacteria in recent times has ushered in many novel strategies for antibacterial drug discovery and facilitated medical science to take up the challenge of the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to current antibiotics. In this study, we adopted subtractive genomics approach to analyze the whole genome sequence of the Fusobacterium nucleatum, a human oral pathogen having association with colorectal cancer. Our study divulged 1,499 proteins of F. nucleatum, which have no homolog's in human genome. These proteins were subjected to screening further by using the Database of Essential Genes (DEG) that resulted in the identification of 32 vitally important proteins for the bacterium. Subsequent analysis of the identified pivotal proteins, using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Automated Annotation Server (KAAS) resulted in sorting 3 key enzymes of F. nucleatum that may be good candidates as potential drug targets, since they are unique for the bacterium and absent in humans. In addition, we have demonstrated the three dimensional structure of these three proteins. Finally, determination of ligand binding sites of the 2 key proteins as well as screening for functional inhibitors that best fitted with the ligands sites were conducted to discover effective novel therapeutic compounds against F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Musaweer Habib
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sohel
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibul Hasan Mazumder
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Mohd Omar Faruk Sikder
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Md Shahik
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
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Barbosa-Ribeiro M, De-Jesus-Soares A, Zaia AA, Ferraz CCR, Almeida JFA, Gomes BPFA. Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Characterization of Virulence Genes of Enterococcus faecalis Isolates from Teeth with Failure of the Endodontic Treatment. J Endod 2016; 42:1022-8. [PMID: 27221594 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of virulence factors and the antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecalis isolates of teeth with failure of the endodontic treatment. METHODS Twenty root canal samples were collected from teeth with apical periodontitis. E. faecalis was firstly identified based on phenotypic features and then by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanate, azithromycin, benzylpenicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, rifampicin, tetracycline, and vancomycin using the E test method. Virulence factors (ace, asa, asa373, cylA, efaA, esp, and gelE) were detected by polymerase chain reaction assay. RESULTS Amoxicillin + clavulanate was effective against all strains. Intermediate and total resistance was found against the majority of the tested antimicrobials. The susceptibility of some microorganisms to some antimicrobial agents changed according to the evaluation time. MIC50 and MIC90 also varied according to the evaluation time. In relation to the virulence factors of the E faecalis isolates, ace was detected in 100% of the strains, asa (60%), asa373 (15%), efaA (95%), esp (70%), and gelE (75%), whereas cylA was not detected. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that E. faecalis isolates from persistent endodontic infections showed varied degrees of intermediate/total resistance to several antimicrobial agents, with amoxicillin + clavulanate being the most effective agent. Moreover, the strains showed different patterns for virulence gene detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlos Barbosa-Ribeiro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana De-Jesus-Soares
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Zaia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio C R Ferraz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José F A Almeida
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brenda P F A Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Di Santi BT, Ribeiro MB, Endo MS, Gomes BPFDA. Avaliação da suscetibilidade antimicrobiana de bactérias anaeróbias facultativas isoladas de canais radiculares de dentes com insucesso endodôntico frente aos antibióticos de uso sistêmico. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
<title>Resumo</title><sec><title>Introdução</title><p>Bactérias associadas ao insucesso do tratamento endodôntico são capazes de adquirir e expressar resistência aos agentes antimicrobianos comumente empregados para tratar infecções, o que torna necessário, em determinadas situações, a realização de testes laboratoriais para detectar a resistência ou a suscetibilidade antimicrobiana desses micro-organismos.</p></sec><sec><title>Objetivo</title><p>avaliar a suscetibilidade antimicrobiana das cepas de <italic>Enterococcus faecalis</italic>, <italic>Enterococcus faecium</italic>, <italic>Actinomyces viscosus</italic> e <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> isoladas de canais radiculares de dentes com insucesso endodôntico.</p></sec><sec><title>Material e método</title><p>Cepas clínicas de <italic>Enterococcus faecalis</italic> (n=3), <italic>Enterococcus faecium</italic> (n=3), <italic>Actinomyces viscosus</italic> (n=3) e <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> (n=3), coletadas in vivo de canais radiculares com insucesso endodôntico, foram testadas quanto à suscetibilidade antimicrobiana por meio do método E-test em duplicata, utilizando os antibióticos: Amoxicilina (AC), Rifampicina (RI), Moxifloxacina (MX), Vancomicina (VA), Tetraciclina (TC), Ciprofloxacina (CI), Cloranfenicol (CL), Benzilpenicilina (PG), Amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico (XL), Doxiciclina (DC), Eritromicina (EM) e Azitromicina (AZ).</p></sec><sec><title>Resultado</title><p>Todas as cepas clínicas testadas foram suscetíveis aos antibióticos AC, XL, PG, DC, MX, TC e VA. Todos os isolados das espécies de <italic>S. aureus</italic> foram suscetíveis aos 12 antibióticos testados. As cepas de <italic>E. faecalis</italic>, <italic>E. faecium</italic> e <italic>A. viscosus</italic> mostraram padrão de suscetibilidade intermediário contra EM. Algumas cepas de <italic>E. faecalis</italic> e <italic>E. faecium</italic> foram resistentes a AZ e RI.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusão</title><p>As cepas clínicas isoladas dos canais radiculares de dentes com insucesso endodôntico mostraram perfis diferentes de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana e nenhum isolado de <italic>E. faecalis</italic> e <italic>E. faecium</italic>apresentou-se suscetível a AZ e EM.</p></sec>
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Prakashchandra SP, Patel AKB, Patel K, Doshi RKP, Patel NA. Grave Complication of Pharyngitis: Lemierre syndrome. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:TD03-4. [PMID: 26266187 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/11917.6060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium necrophorum is the causative agent in the pharyngitis. After invasion of the oropharyngeal mucosa by the organism leads to the development of the grave complications like superficial thrombophlebitis of internal jugular vein, septic emboli in the lung and coagulopathy. A 23-year-old male presented with chief complaints of sore throat, headache and high grade fever with past history of upper respiratory tract infection one month ago. On examination, he had high grade fever, tachycardia, hypotension and tender cervical lymph nodes. Oropharyngeal mucosa appeared ooedematous and congested. Leucocytosis with raised ESR was present. Blood culture positive for Fusobacterium necrophorum. Dilated right IJV with the hypoechoic thrombosis seen on Ultrasonography & Doppler. Patient was diagnosed as a case of Lemierre syndrome secondary to oropharyngeal infection was made. He was treated with intravenous imipenem and metronidazole, and then shifted to oral amoxicillin. After completion of full course of the therapy of 6 weeks, patient was improved clinically and all routine blood investigations were normalized. Blood culture was negative for Fusobacterium necrophorum. No evidence of thrombosis within the right internal jugular vein on Doppler.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankit Kumar B Patel
- Resident, Department of Physiology, S.S.G. Hospital, Medical College , Vadodara, India
| | - Kimmyben Patel
- Intern, Department of Medicine, S.B.K.S. Medical Institute and Research Centre , Waghodiya, India
| | - Raj Kumar P Doshi
- Intern, Department of Medicine, Medical College Baroda , Vadodara, India
| | - Narottam A Patel
- Professor, Department of Radiology, S.S.G. Hospital, Medical College , Vadodara, India
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Prevalence of Treponema Species Detected in Endodontic Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-regression Analysis. J Endod 2015; 41:579-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Vandecandelaere I, Coenye T. Microbial composition and antibiotic resistance of biofilms recovered from endotracheal tubes of mechanically ventilated patients. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 830:137-55. [PMID: 25366226 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11038-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In critically ill patients, breathing is impaired and mechanical ventilation, using an endotracheal tube (ET) connected to a ventilator, is necessary. Although mechanical ventilation is a life-saving procedure, it is not without risk. Because of several reasons, a biofilm often forms at the distal end of the ET and this biofilm is a persistent source of bacteria which can infect the lungs, causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). There is a link between the microbial flora of ET biofilms and the microorganisms involved in the onset of VAP. Culture dependent and independent techniques were already used to identify the microbial flora of ET biofilms and also, the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms obtained from ET biofilms was determined. The ESKAPE pathogens play a dominant role in the onset of VAP and these organisms were frequently identified in ET biofilms. Also, antibiotic resistant microorganisms were frequently present in ET biofilms. Members of the normal oral flora were also identified in ET biofilms but it is thought that these organisms initiate ET biofilm formation and are not directly involved in the development of VAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Vandecandelaere
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Fabris AS, Nakano V, Avila-Campos MJ. Bacteriological analysis of necrotic pulp and fistulae in primary teeth. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 22:118-24. [PMID: 24676582 PMCID: PMC3956403 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720130358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Primary teeth work as guides for the eruption of permanent dentition, contribute
for the development of the jaws, chewing process, preparing food for digestion,
and nutrient assimilation. Treatment of pulp necrosis in primary teeth is complex
due to anatomical and physiological characteristics and high number of bacterial
species present in endodontic infections. The bacterial presence alone or in
association in necrotic pulp and fistula samples from primary teeth of boys and
girls was evaluated. Material and Methods Necrotic pulp (103) and fistula (7) samples from deciduous teeth with deep caries
of 110 children were evaluated. Bacterial morphotypes and species from all
clinical samples were determined. Results A predominance of gram-positive cocci (81.8%) and gram-negative
coccobacilli (49.1%) was observed. In 88 out of 103 pulp samples, a
high prevalence of Enterococcus spp. (50%), Porphyromonas
gingivalis (49%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (25%) and
Prevotella nigrescens (11.4%) was observed.
Porphyromonas gingivalis was detected in three out of seven fistula
samples, Enterococcus spp. in two out of seven samples, and
F. nucleatum, P. nigrescens and D.
pneumosintes in one out of seven samples. Conclusions Our results show that Enterococcus spp. and P.
gingivalis were prevalent in necrotic pulp from deciduous teeth in
boys from 2 to 5 years old, and that care of the oral cavity of children up to
five years of age is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Scalco Fabris
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario Julio Avila-Campos
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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De-Paula KB, Silveira LSD, Fagundes GX, Ferreira MBC, Montagner F. Patient automedication and professional prescription pattern in an urgency service in Brazil. Braz Oral Res 2014; 28:S1806-83242014000100250. [PMID: 25166763 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2014.vol28.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have indicated an increased resistance of microorganisms resulting from the widespread use of antimicrobial agents. However, few data are available in the dental literature. The aim of this study was to conduct a survey on the patterns of patient usage of antimicrobial prescriptions agents by dentists. A retrospective cross-sectional study was based on the medical records of 223 patients who sought treatment at the Urgency Service, from a Dental School in the South of Brazil, from March 2009 to March 2011. A specific data sheet was used, with questions regarding: patient age and gender; the main complaint; medications used prior to the service; final diagnosis; proposed dental treatment (including prescription medications); and characteristics of the final prescription. Descriptive and inferential statistics were obtained. There was a high frequency of antibiotic use prior to attendance by young patients (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.05). Toothache of endodontic origin was the most frequent patient complaint (72.6%). Endodontic procedures were the measures most frequently adopted to treat the pain (31.2%). The frequency of patient use of antimicrobials prior to the appointment was 14.3%. According to patient records, 83.9% had no systemic drug prescription after receiving urgency treatment. There were few antimicrobial prescriptions after the urgency treatment. The most frequently prescribed agents were amoxicillin, chlorhexidine, and metronidazole. Local measures were more frequently used than systemic approaches to treat urgencies of dental origin. Antimicrobial agents were not frequently prescribed as adjunctives to local administered at the urgency service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Barea De-Paula
- Dental School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Beatriz Cardoso Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francisco Montagner
- Dental School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Parahitiyawa NB, Chu FCS, Leung WK, Yam WC, Jin LJ, Samaranayake LP. Clonality of bacterial consortia in root canals and subjacent gingival crevices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 6:32-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nipuna B. Parahitiyawa
- Department of Oral Bio-Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry and Department of Microbiology; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Frederick C. S. Chu
- Department of Comprehensive Dental Care; Faculty of Dentistry and Department of Microbiology; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wai K. Leung
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry and Department of Microbiology; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wing C. Yam
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Li Jian Jin
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dentistry and Department of Microbiology; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR China
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Al-Ahmad A, Ameen H, Pelz K, Karygianni L, Wittmer A, Anderson AC, Spitzmüller B, Hellwig E. Antibiotic Resistance and Capacity for Biofilm Formation of Different Bacteria Isolated from Endodontic Infections Associated with Root-filled Teeth. J Endod 2014; 40:223-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Quah SY, Bergenholtz G, Tan KS. Fusobacterium nucleatum induces cytokine production through Toll-like-receptor-independent mechanism. Int Endod J 2013; 47:550-9. [PMID: 24102075 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether Fusobacterium nucleatum's ability to invade cells allows the bacteria to activate pro-inflammatory response through cytosolic pattern recognition receptors, independent of surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs). METHODOLOGY HEK293T cells, which lack endogenous TLRs, and overexpressing dominant negative myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88DN) protein, were infected with F. nucleatum and the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) was determined. The necessity for intracellular invasion of the bacteria for cytokine production was also investigated by blocking bacterial invasion with cytochalasin D. The roles of NFĸB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-1 (NOD-1) signalling pathways in F. nucleatum-induced IL-8 secretion were determined. RESULTS Fusobacterium nucleatum-infected HEK293T cells produced IL-8 independent of the MYD88 signalling. This response was inhibited by preventing F. nucleatum invasion into HEK293T cells. p38 MAPK but not the NFĸB signalling pathway was required for F. nucleatum-mediated IL-8 production. HEK293T cells expressed NOD-1 but not NOD-2. Yet, inhibition of NOD-1 signalling did not affect F. nucleatum-induced IL-8 secretion. CONCLUSIONS Fusobacterium nucleatum invasion led to cytokine production, which is mediated by the p38 MAPK signalling but independent of TLRs, NOD-1, NOD-2 and NFĸB signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Quah
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
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Gomes GB, Sarkis-Onofre R, Bonow MLM, Etges A, Jacinto RC. An investigation of the presence of specific anaerobic species in necrotic primary teeth. Braz Oral Res 2013; 27:149-55. [PMID: 23538426 DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242013000100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Different microbial identification methods have shown that the microbial community profiles in endodontic infections are diverse and assorted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of selected endodontic pathogens in the pulp chambers (PCs) and root canals (RCs) of infected primary teeth using PCR methods. Paired PC and RC samples were collected from 15 subjects and analyzed by PCR for the presence of Filifactor alocis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella tannerae, Tanerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Treponema socranskii. The frequency of each species was determined in the PC and RC of each case. The species most frequently detected in PCs were P. nigrescens (86.7%), P. gingivalis (73.3%), and F. alocis (73.3%). Of the PC samples, 13.3% contained P. micra and T. denticola, and 6.7% contained T. forsythia. The species most frequently detected in RCs were P. gingivalis (100%) and P. nigrescens (93.3%). P. tannerae, P. micra, and T. denticola were found in 40% of the RC samples; T. forsythia was found in 26.7% of the RC samples. The "red complex", which comprises P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia, was not found in the PC of any tooth but was found in 30% of the RC samples. The detection of P. nigrescens in the PC was statistically associated with the presence of P. nigrescens in the RC (p = 0.04). The results suggest high heterogeneity among the samples, even among those from the same subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genara Brum Gomes
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Univ Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Wu AYJ, Tseng HK, Su J, Liu CP. Lemierre's syndrome in a patient with habitual toothpick usage. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2013; 46:237-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lee MJ, Ha YE, Park HY, Lee JH, Lee YJ, Sung KS, Kang CI, Chung DR, Song JH, Peck KR. Osteomyelitis of a long bone due to Fusobacterium nucleatum and Actinomyces meyeri in an immunocompetent adult: a case report and literature review. BMC Infect Dis 2012; 12:161. [PMID: 22817336 PMCID: PMC3481430 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fusobacterium species are uncommon causes of osteomyelitis. These organisms are normal flora of the oral cavity. Therefore, they mostly cause osteomyelitis of the head and neck. Hematogenous osteomyelitis at distant sites other than the head and neck has rarely been reported in pediatric or immunocompromised patients. Here, we report the first case of osteomyelitis of a long bone combined with a muscle abscess due to Fusobacterium nucleatum in an otherwise healthy adult. Case presentation A 59-year-old Korean man was admitted for pain and swelling of the right lower leg, which had been persistent for two weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging showed osteomyelitis of the right fibula with a surrounding muscle abscess of the right lower leg. Incision and drainage was performed, and repetitive tissue cultures grew F. nucleatum. In this patient, it was presumed that recurrent periodontitis caused hematogenous seeding of F. nucleatum to a distant site leading to osteomyelitis with a muscle abscess. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous ampicillin-sulbactam for three weeks and oral amoxicillin-clavulanate for eight weeks. He also underwent repeated surgical drainage. He has no evidence of recurrence after seven months of follow-up. Conclusions Clinicians should be aware that F. nucleatum could be the etiologic agent of hematogenous osteomyelitis of a long bone in an immunocompetent patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Montagner F, Jacinto RC, Signoretti FGC, Sanches PF, Gomes BPFA. Clustering behavior in microbial communities from acute endodontic infections. J Endod 2011; 38:158-62. [PMID: 22244629 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute endodontic infections harbor heterogeneous microbial communities in both the root canal (RC) system and apical tissues. Data comparing the microbial structure and diversity in endodontic infections in related ecosystems, such as RC with necrotic pulp and acute apical abscess (AAA), are scarce in the literature. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of selected endodontic pathogens in paired samples from necrotic RC and AAA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by the construction of cluster profiles. METHODS Paired samples of RC and AAA exudates were collected from 20 subjects and analyzed by PCR for the presence of selected strict and facultative anaerobic strains. The frequency of species was compared between the RC and the AAA samples. A stringent neighboring clustering algorithm was applied to investigate the existence of similar high-order groups of samples. A dendrogram was constructed to show the arrangement of the sample groups produced by the hierarchical clustering. RESULTS All samples harbored bacterial DNA. Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella nigrescens, Filifactor alocis, and Tannerela forsythia were frequently detected in both RC and AAA samples. The selected anaerobic species were distributed in diverse small bacteria consortia. The samples of RC and AAA that presented at least one of the targeted microorganisms were grouped in small clusters. CONCLUSIONS Anaerobic species were frequently detected in acute endodontic infections and heterogeneous microbial communities with low clustering behavior were observed in paired samples of RC and AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Montagner
- Endodontics Division, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Persistent Extraradicular Infection in Root-filled Asymptomatic Human Tooth: Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis and Microbial Investigation after Apical Microsurgery. J Endod 2011; 37:1696-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gomes BPFA, Jacinto RC, Montagner F, Sousa ELR, Ferraz CCR. Analysis of the antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria isolated from endodontic infections in Brazil during a period of nine years. J Endod 2011; 37:1058-62. [PMID: 21763894 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to analyze the susceptibility of some anaerobic species isolated from a Brazilian population at different periods of time by determining a pattern of development of resistance to frequently prescribed antibiotics in endodontics. METHODS Root canal samples were collected from infected teeth at different periods of time (2000-2002, 2003-2005, and 2007-2008) and microbiologically identified with conventional culture techniques. The susceptibility of Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, P. oralis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and P. micra isolated strains was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanate, benzylpenicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, and metronidazole by using the E-test method. RESULTS Amoxicillin and amoxicillin + clavulanate were effective against the majority of species at the different periods of study. Overall, there were low statistical differences regarding the microbial susceptibility between the experimental periods. However, an increase in the anaerobic resistance to penicillin G and clindamycin was observed. Resistance to erythromycin was observed in all species, and there were statistically significant differences between 2000-2002 and 2003-2005 periods for F. nucleatum (P < .05) and between 2003-2005 and 2007-2008 periods for P. intermedia/nigrescens and P. oralis (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial resistance of anaerobes isolated from primary endodontic infections showed an increase throughout a period of time regarding a specific Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda P F A Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Poeschl PW, Crepaz V, Russmueller G, Seemann R, Hirschl AM, Ewers R. Endodontic Pathogens Causing Deep Neck Space Infections: Clinical Impact of Different Sampling Techniques and Antibiotic Susceptibility. J Endod 2011; 37:1201-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang J, Cheng D, Zeng N, Xia H, Fu Y, Yan D, Zhao Y, Xiao X. Microcalorimetric study of the effect of Benzoinum and Styrax on the growth of Escherichia coli. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:457-63. [PMID: 21328140 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.533670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of Benzoinum and Styrax on Escherichia coli (E. coli) growth were investigated by microcalorimetry. Using a TAM Air Isothermal Calorimeter, ampoule method, the power-time curves of E. coli growth at 37°C affected by Benzoinum and Styrax were measured. By analysing some quantitative thermokinetic parameters, such as growth rate constants k, the maximum heat-out power Pm, the time of the maximum heat-out power tm, the total heat production Qt and inhibitory ratio I, one could find that low concentrations (0-3.9 mg mL(-1)) of Benzoinum and Styrax had stimulation effects on E. coli growth, and high concentrations (7.8-125.0 mg mL(-1)) of these two drugs would inhibit the growth of the bacteria. The antibacterial effects of Benzoinum and Styrax can also be expressed as half inhibitory concentration IC50. The IC50 values for Benzoinum and Styrax are 78.5 and 88.0 mg mL(-1), respectively, which suggests that the antibacterial effect of Benzoinum on E. coli was much stronger than that of Styrax. This study provides a useful method to investigate the effects of herbal medicines on microbes. It also supplies some references for the application of Benzoinum and Styrax in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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[Fusobacterium nucleatum isolated from a patient presenting lachrymal canaliculitis]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2011; 34:188.e1-4. [PMID: 21255867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 68-year-old woman presented with a painless inflammation of the right superior eyelid that had started several weeks before. The clinical diagnosis concluded in canaliculitis and the solid concretions were surgically extracted from the superior canalicula. The anaerobic bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum sp. nucleatum was isolated. Signs dramatically regressed two weeks after surgery followed by one course of oral amoxicillin and clavulanic acid associated with topical tobramycin. The clinical signs had disappeared two months later.
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Kong W, Jin C, Xiao X, Zhao Y, Li Z, Zhang P, Liu W, Li XF. Comparative study of effects of two bile acid derivatives on Staphylococcus aureus by multiple analytical methods. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 179:742-747. [PMID: 20400224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The effects of two bile acid derivatives, cholic acid (CA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) growth were investigated and compared by microcalorimetry coupled with multiple analytical methods. The heat power (HP)-time curves of S. aureus growth affected by CA and DCA were studied by similarity analysis (SA), respectively. Then the quantitative thermo-kinetic parameters obtained from these curves were investigated by the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA). By analyzing the two main parameters, growth rate constant k(2) of the second exponential phase and the heat power P(2) of the second highest peak, together with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 10 microg/mL for CA and 20 microg/mL for DCA, it could be concluded that the antibacterial effect of CA was stronger than that of DCA. The existence of alpha-OH at C-7 position of steroid nucleus of bile acid derivatives enhanced the hydrophilicity of compound CA and its inhibitory effect on S. aureus. This study provides a useful method and idea to accurately evaluate the antibacterial effects of bile acid derivatives, which provides some references for screening out new antibacterial agents with high efficacy and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Kong
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, 302 Military Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, PR China
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Perkins SD, Woeltje KF, Angenent LT. Endotracheal tube biofilm inoculation of oral flora and subsequent colonization of opportunistic pathogens. Int J Med Microbiol 2010; 300:503-11. [PMID: 20510651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotracheal (ET) tubes accumulate a biofilm during use, which can harbor potentially pathogenic microorganisms. The enrichment of pathogenic strains in the biofilm may lead to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) with an increased morbidity rate in intensive care units. We used quantitative PCR (qPCR) and gene surveys targeting 16S rRNA genes to quantify and identify the bacterial community to detect fastidious/nonculturable organisms present among extubated ET tubes. We collected eight ET tubes with intubation periods between 12 h and 23 d from different patients in a surgical and a medical intensive care unit. Our qPCR data showed that ET tubes were colonized within 24 h. However, the variation between patients was too high to find a positive correlation between the bacterial load and intubation period. We obtained 1263 near full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences from the diverse bacterial communities. Over 70% of these sequences were associated with genera of typical oral flora, while only 6% were associated with gastrointestinal flora. The most common genus identified was Streptococcus (348/1263), followed by Prevotella (179/1263), and Neisseria (143/1263) with the highest relative concentrations for ET tubes with short intubation periods, indicating oral inoculation of the ET tubes. Our study also shows that even though potentially pathogenic bacteria existed in ET tube biofilms within 24 h of intubation, a longer intubation period increases the opportunity for these organisms to proliferate. In the ET tube that was in place for 23 d, 95% of the sequences belonged to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is a bacterial pathogen that is known to out compete commensal bacteria in biofilms, especially during periods of antibiotic treatment. Harboring such pathogens in ET biofilms may increase the chance of VAP, and should be aggressively monitored and prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Perkins
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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A decrease in the innate immune response to infection in the presence of root canal sealers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 109:315-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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