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Gascón R, Forner L, Llena C. The Effect of Antioxidants on Dentin Bond Strength after Application of Common Endodontic Irrigants: A Systematic Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2260. [PMID: 36984145 PMCID: PMC10057387 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate how an antioxidant treatment would influence the immediate bond strength of dental adhesives to endodontically treated dentine. Scientific evidence was researched in five databases using selected descriptors. Two independent reviewers conducted the investigation and assessed the data and methodological quality of the studies. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were specified for article selection; only studies in English and published between 2001 and 2022 were evaluated. A total of 18 studies were selected and analysed. According to most studies, the irrigation procedure and substrate preparation in endodontic therapy may affect the immediate bond strength. Antioxidants can improve bond strength and adhesion following the use of the most frequently used irrigants in root canal treatments. Therefore, antioxidant treatment can be considered a proper technique to enhance the bond strength of endodontically treated teeth.
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Effect of Endodontic Irrigating Solutions on Radicular Dentine Structure and Matrix Metalloproteinases-A Comprehensive Review. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10120219. [PMID: 36547035 PMCID: PMC9776432 DOI: 10.3390/dj10120219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Irrigating solutions play an important role in the eradication of intracanal microbes and debris dissolution during endodontic treatment. Different combinations of solutions and protocols have been advocated, with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), and chlorhexidine (CHX) remaining the most widely used ones by many clinicians. Although these solutions provide efficient inorganic dissolution and antimicrobial capacity, their use has also been reported to cause undesired effects on root dentin composition and mechanical and biomechanical properties, such as microhardness, surface roughness, bond strength, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. Several corroborating studies attribute these changes in mechanical properties of dentine to the use of irrigating solutions, and there are limited reports on how the solutions affect the expression of MMPs, which may be a correlating link to understanding the role of these enzymes in dentin collagen and changes in the mechanical properties of dentin. Hence, using the basis of several studies from the literature, the objective is to comprehensively review the influence of individual and combined irrigating solutions on root dentine structure and the activity of the MMPs.
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Cevval Ozkocak BB, Ozkocak I, Agaccioglu M. Effects of dyes used in photodynamic therapy on color stability of composite resins. J Oral Sci 2022; 64:194-197. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Begum B. Cevval Ozkocak
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University
| | - Ismail Ozkocak
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University
| | - Merve Agaccioglu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University
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Smear Layer Removal from Root Canal Dentin and Antimicrobial Effect of Citric Acid-modified Chlorhexidine. Eur Endod J 2020; 5:257-263. [PMID: 33353912 PMCID: PMC7881384 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2020.38258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To study the effectiveness of various concentrations of citric acid (CA) added to 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on smear layer removal from the root canal wall and antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Candida albicans (C. albicans). Methods: Fifty-three single-rooted mandibular premolars were decoronate and the root canals underwent mechanical instrumentation using MTwo rotary files to size 40/0.06. The samples were then randomly divided into 5 groups according to the root canal irrigants to be used: 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 2% CHX, 1%, 6%, and 10% citric acid-modified 2% chlorhexidine (CAmCHX). Three teeth irrigated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were used as a negative control. The smear layer removal effectiveness was evaluated under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Images were randomly taken at the apical, middle, and coronal third level. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Disc diffusion and direct exposure tests were performed along with three additional control groups consisting of 1%, 6%, and 10% CA groups to assess and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of irrigants against E. faecalis and C. albicans. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s T3 tests. Results: Smear layer removal effectiveness in 17% EDTA group and 6% and 10% CAmCHX groups were not significantly different in the coronal and apical third of the root canal (P>0.05), however at the middle third of the root canal, the 10% CAmCHX group had significantly less remaining smear layer than all of the other experimental groups (P<0.05). There was significantly more smear layer remnant in the CHX group (P<0.01). For antimicrobial efficacy, the largest growth inhibition zone against E. faecalis was recorded in the 10% CAmCHX group (P<0.05). For planktonic E. faecalis, 1%, 6%, and 10% CAmCHX demonstrated an insignificant difference in antimicrobial efficacy compared to CHX (P>0.05). CA demonstrated no antifungal effect against C. albicans. Whereas, 6% and 10% CAmCHX resulted in the largest growth inhibition zone. Also, adding CA to CHX resulted in an insignificant difference in antifungal effect against planktonic C. albicans compared to CHX (P>0.05). Conclusion: When CA was added into CHX, the mixed irrigant demonstrated smear layer removal ability. Additionally, its antimicrobial effect remained the same.
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Nassar M, Hiraishi N, Islam MS, Romero MJ, Otsuki M, Tagami J. Effect of phytic acid as an endodontic chelator on resin adhesion to sodium hypochlorite-treated dentin. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e44. [PMID: 33294409 PMCID: PMC7691263 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Phytic acid (IP6), a naturally occurring agent, has been previously reported as a potential alternative to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). However, its effect on adhesion to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)-treated dentin and its interactions with NaOCl have not been previously reported. Thus, in this study, the effects of IP6 on resin adhesion to NaOCl-treated dentin and the failure mode were investigated and the interactions between the used agents were analyzed. Materials and Methods Micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) testing was performed until failure on dentin treated with either distilled water (control), 5% NaOCl, or 5% NaOCl followed with chelators: 17% EDTA for 1 minute or 1% IP6 for 30 seconds or 1 minute. The failed specimens were assessed under a scanning electron microscope. The reaction of NaOCl with EDTA or IP6 was analyzed in terms of temperature, pH, effervescence, and chlorine odor, and the effects of the resulting mixtures on the color of a stained paper were recorded. Results The µTBS values of the control and NaOCl with chelator groups were not significantly different, but were all significantly higher than that of the group treated with NaOCl only. In the failure analysis, a distinctive feature was the presence of resin tags in samples conditioned with IP6 after treatment with NaOCl. The reaction of 1% IP6 with 5% NaOCl was less aggressive than the reaction of the latter with 17% EDTA. Conclusions IP6 reversed the adverse effects of NaOCl on resin-dentin adhesion without the chlorine-depleting effect of EDTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohannad Nassar
- Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Noriko Hiraishi
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md Sofiqul Islam
- RAK College of Dental Sciences (RAKCODS), RAK Medical and Health Sciences University (RAKMHSU), Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Maria Jrh Romero
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Masayuki Otsuki
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Tagami
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Turk T, Kaval ME, Sarikanat M, Hülsmann M. Effect of final irrigation procedures on fracture resistance of root filled teeth: an ex vivo study. Int Endod J 2016; 50:799-804. [PMID: 27464713 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) on fracture resistance of roots treated with different concentrations of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). METHODOLOGY One hundred and twenty intact single-rooted premolar teeth were sectioned below the cementum-enamel junction to standardize the length of the teeth to 12 mm. The canals of one hundred specimens were instrumented with ProTaper Universal rotary instruments up to size F4 and were randomly divided into five groups (n = 20) according to the final irrigating solutions: Group 1: distilled water (DW); Group 2: 5% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl; Group 3: 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl; Group 4: 5% EDTA, 2.5% NaOCl, DW and 2% CHX; Group 5: 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl, DW and 2% CHX. Root canals were filled with gutta-percha and epoxy resin-based root canal sealer using a single-cone technique. Twenty teeth served as negative controls and were not instrumented nor root filled (Group 6). All specimens were embedded in self-curing acrylic resin and loaded vertically at 0.5 mm min-1 until fracture occurred. The data were evaluated statistically using one-way anova test followed by Holm-Sidak's multiple comparison test (P < 0.05). RESULTS Group 1 (only DW) had the lowest vertical fracture strength, followed by Group 3 (17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl; P < 0.05). Group 6 (negative control group) had the highest fracture resistance. Final irrigation with CHX following irrigation with 17% EDTA or 5% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl (groups 4 and 5) significantly increased the fracture resistance of roots (P < 0.05). However, the difference between Group 4 and Group 5 was not significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Intracanal CHX rinse of EDTA/NaOCl-treated root dentine enhanced the fracture resistance of roots filled with AH Plus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Turk
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - M E Kaval
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - M Sarikanat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - M Hülsmann
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, School of Dentistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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The effect of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming, ultrasonically and sonically irrigation techniques on the push-out bond strength of a resin sealer to the root dentin. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:1055-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gonçalves L, Silva-Sousa YTC, Raucci Neto W, Teixeira CS, Sousa-Neto MD, Alfredo E. Effect of different irrigation protocols on the radicular dentin interface and bond strength with a metacrylate-based endodontic sealer. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 77:446-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisandro Gonçalves
- School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Walter Raucci Neto
- School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | - Edson Alfredo
- School of Dentistry, University of Ribeirão Preto; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
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Hülsmann M. Effects of mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation on the root canal dentin and surrounding tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bohn S, Ilie N. Wetting behaviour of silicone- and resin-based root canal sealers. Int Endod J 2013; 47:542-9. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Bohn
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Dental School Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
| | - N. Ilie
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; Dental School Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Munich Germany
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Ashraf H, Faramarzi F, Paymanpour P. Sealing Ability of Resilon and MTA as Root-end Filling Materials: A Bacterial and Dye Leakage Study. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2013; 8:177-81. [PMID: 24171025 PMCID: PMC3808677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endodontic surgery is a valuable option for maintaining patient's natural dentition when previous orthograde endodontic treatments fail to succeed. Proper root-end preparation and placement of a retro-filling material are recommended for successful endodontic surgery. The objective of this experimental study was to compare sealing ability of Resilon/Epiphany system, as a potential root-end filling material, with ProRoot MTA using both dye and bacterial leakage models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety two single-rooted extracted human teeth were decoronated and prepared endodontically. Specimens were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 20) and four control groups (n = 3). After removal of apical 3 mm and root-end cavity preparation, MTA, or Resilon were used to fill root end cavities. For bacterial leakage, specimens (20 for each experimental group, 3 negative, and 3 positive controls) were subjected to E. faecalis over a 70-day period. Methylene blue was used for dye leakage (the same in number as before). Using stereomicroscope (40× mag.) complete dye leakage was assessed after 72 h. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed for bacterial leakage. The data was analyzed using t-test and Chi-square analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS All of the positive controls and none of negative controls revealed leakage. Result of log rank test showed no significant difference between MTA and Resilon in time of bacterial leakage at the end of the 70 days (P > 0.05) There was also no statistical difference in complete dye leakage for both groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Leakage occurred in both MTA and Resilon as root-end filling material but the difference was not statistically significant. Resilon might be noticed as a potential root-end filling material if good isolation is attainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Ashraf
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farhad Faramarzi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, IR Iran
| | - Payam Paymanpour
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran,Corresponding author: Payam Paymanpour, Department Of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Evin, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9123847889, E-mail:
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SHRESTHA D, WU WC, HE QY, WEI X, LING JQ. Effect of sodium ascorbate on degree of conversion and bond strength of RealSeal SE to sodium hypochlorite treated root dentin. Dent Mater J 2013; 32:96-100. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2012-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Souza M, Cecchin D, Farina AP, Leite CE, Cruz FF, Pereira CDC, Ferraz CCR, Figueiredo JAP. Evaluation of chlorhexidine substantivity on human dentin: a chemical analysis. J Endod 2012; 38:1249-52. [PMID: 22892744 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the substantivity of chlorhexidine (CHX) solution and gel within a root canal system for 24 hours, 30 days, and 90 days. METHODS Forty-five extracted human anterior teeth were used for this study. The samples were divided into 3 groups according to the chemical auxiliary substance used to perform the root canal preparation: group 1, 2% liquid CHX; group 2, 2% gel CHX; and group 3, distilled water (the control group). The working length was determined by inserting a #10 K-file into the canal up to the moment its tip was seen in the apex foramen and then withdrawing it 1 mm. The roots were prepared up to the instrument #45. Longitudinal grooves were carved on the free surfaces of the roots, providing 2 halves of each root and resulting in 30 samples per group. Each group was randomly divided into 3 subgroups (n = 10), and substantivity was evaluated after 24 hours, 30 days, and 90 days of incubation. The amount of CHX (in micrometers) was measured through reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance and the Tukey test for post hoc comparisons (α = 0.05). RESULTS The control group showed no substantivity. Significant amounts of CHX solution and gel remained retained in dentin substrates independent of the time of incubation (P < .05). CHX solution showed a higher substantivity than CHX gel, with the exception of groups incubated for 90 days. The decreasing amounts of retained CHX inside the canal were for 24 hours >30 days >90 days for CHX solution and 24 hours >30 days ≥ 90 days for CHX gel. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that CHX solution and gel are retained in root canal dentin for up to 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Souza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, UPF, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Ahmed HMA, Abbott PV. Discolouration potential of endodontic procedures and materials: a review. Int Endod J 2012; 45:883-97. [PMID: 22621247 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Advances in endodontic materials and techniques are at the forefront of endodontic research. Despite continuous improvements, tooth discolouration, especially in anterior teeth, is considered an undesirable consequence following endodontic treatment as it creates a range of aesthetic problems. This article aims to discuss the intrinsic and internalized tooth discolouration caused by endodontic procedures, and to address the discolouration potential of materials used during root canal treatment, including root canal irrigants, intra-canal medicaments, endodontic and post-endodontic filling materials. In addition, the discolouration patterns caused by combined endodontic and nonendodontic aetiological factors are discussed. The recommended guidelines that should be followed by dental practitioners to prevent and manage tooth discolouration are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M A Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Baca P, Junco P, Arias-Moliz MT, Castillo F, Rodríguez-Archilla A, Ferrer-Luque CM. Antimicrobial substantivity over time of chlorhexidine and cetrimide. J Endod 2012; 38:927-30. [PMID: 22703655 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To reach an adequate control of dentin infection and to promote success in endodontic therapy, antimicrobial irrigating solutions with confirmed substantivity are recommended. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial substantivity against Enterococcus faecalis of a dentin-volumetric unit exposed for 1 minute to chlorhexidine (CHX) and cetrimide (CTR). METHODS Standardized coronal dentin blocks of human molars, with and without collagen, were treated for 1 minute with 0.2% and 2% CHX and 0.2% CTR. Afterwards, they were exposed to E. faecalis suspension to determine the antimicrobial substantivity over a period of 60 days. Results were analyzed by means of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (P < .05). RESULTS A direct relationship was seen between CHX concentration and survival time, and the most statistically significant results were obtained in specimens with collagen. CTR showed intermediate survival values close to those of 2% CHX. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that 2% CHX used for 1 minute provides the longest substantivity followed by 0.2% CTR when applied to a dentin-volumetric model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Baca
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Vilanova WV, Carvalho-Junior JR, Alfredo E, Sousa-Neto MD, Silva-Sousa YTC. Effect of intracanal irrigants on the bond strength of epoxy resin-based and methacrylate resin-based sealers to root canal walls. Int Endod J 2011; 45:42-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2011.01945.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Influence of Chlorhexidine and Ethanol on the Bond Strength and Durability of the Adhesion of the Fiber Posts to Root Dentin Using a Total Etching Adhesive System. J Endod 2011; 37:1310-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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