1
|
Nawal RR, Yadav S, Duncan HF, Talwar S, Kaushik A, Singh VK, Koner BC. Discriminatory performance of the pulpal inflammatory biomarkers; Interleukin-8 and TNF-α in patients with symptoms indicative of reversible and irreversible pulpitis: A diagnostic accuracy study. Int Endod J 2024; 57:1200-1211. [PMID: 38703070 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM The success of vital pulp treatment (VPT) procedures is dependent on an accurate diagnosis of the pulpal inflammatory condition. Compared with current subjective pulpal diagnostic tests, inflammatory molecular biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of pulpitis represent potential objective indicators of the degree of pulpal inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify level of inflammatory biomarkers - Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and TNF-α in patients diagnosed with reversible pulpitis (RP), irreversible pulpitis (IR) and normal pulp (NP) and investigate their diagnostic accuracy in differentiating between healthy and inflamed conditions. METHODOLOGY This prospective, cross-sectional study enrolled 72 patients aged 14-53 years with extremely deep carious lesions after establishing a clinical diagnosis of RP (n = 42), symptomatic IR (n = 22) and NP (n = 8). 50 μL of pulpal blood sample was collected from all the patients using a micropipette after pulpal exposure. The level of IL-8 and TNF-α was assessed in pg/mL using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mann-Whitney U test was applied to establish the association between IL-8/TNF-α level and degree of pulp inflammation. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was carried out to calculate area under the curve (AUC) for RP versus IR. Cut-off values were established using Youden's index. RESULTS IL-8 and TNF-α levels differed significantly between RP and IR groups (p ≤ .001). The median value of IL-8 in RP and IP groups was 259.8 pg/mL [187.5-310.0] and 1357.8 pg/mL [1036.7-2177.6] respectively. The AUC-ROC curve for RP versus IR was 0.997 with 95.5% sensitivity and 99.76% specificity. The median value of TNF-α in RP and IR groups was 75.4 pg/mL [62.7-95.8] and 157.6 pg/mL [94.1-347.3]. The AUC-ROC curve for TNF-α was 0.812 with a sensitivity and specificity of 59.1% and 92.1%, respectively. IL-8 and TNF-α levels were below detection levels for all NP samples. CONCLUSION This study showed that pulpal blood could provide an excellent medium for establishing pulpal diagnosis under extremely deep carious lesions. The selected cytokines, IL-8 and TNF-α, demonstrated excellent discriminatory performance for reversible and irreversible pulpitis. Future studies should correlate the IL-8/TNF-α levels with VPT treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Roongta Nawal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudha Yadav
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Henry Fergus Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sangeeta Talwar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aishvarya Kaushik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| | - Bidhan C Koner
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Hospitals, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu J, Wang X, Song M, Du J, Yu J, Zheng W, Zhang C, Wang Y. MiR-497-5p Regulates Osteo/Odontogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells From Apical Papilla via the Smad Signaling Pathway by Targeting Smurf2. Front Genet 2020; 11:582366. [PMID: 33193708 PMCID: PMC7662069 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.582366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteo/odontogenic differentiation is a key process of human stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) in tooth root development. Emerging evidence indicates microRNAs (miRNAs) play diverse roles in osteogenesis. However, their functions in osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAP require further elucidation. To investigate the role of miRNA in SCAP osteo/odontogenic differentiation and underlying mechanisms, miRNA microarray analysis was performed to screen differentially expressed miRNAs between control and osteo/odontogenic-induced group. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot were used to detected osteo/odontogenic differentiation-related markers and possible signaling pathway SCAP-associated genes. Alizarin Red Staining (ARS) were applied to evaluated osteogenic capacity. The results showed that miR-497-5p increased during SCAP osteo/odontogenic differentiation. Overexpression of miR-497-5p enhanced the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAP, whereas downregulation of miR-497-5p elicited the opposite effect, thus suggesting that miR-497-5p is a positive regulator of the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAP. Bioinformatic analysis and dual luciferase reporter assay identified that SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (Smurf2) is a direct target of miR-497-5p. Further study demonstrated that Smurf2 negatively regulates SCAP osteo/odontogenic differentiation, and silencing Smurf2 could block the inhibitory effect of the miR-497-5p inhibitor. Meanwhile, pathway detection manifested that miR-497-5p promotes osteo/odontogenic differentiation via Smad signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings demostrate that miR-497-5p promotes osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAP via Smad signaling pathway by targeting Smurf2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Liu
- Department of Vip center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengxiao Song
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Vip center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- Department of Vip center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Wenzhou Zheng
- Department of Vip center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Vip center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Du J, Chen X, Yang L, Zhao W, Song M, Wang Z, Wang Y. The Effects of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways on Lipopolysaccharide-mediated Osteo/Odontogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla. J Endod 2019; 45:161-167. [PMID: 30711172 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Odontogenic differentiation of human stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) is a prerequisite step in the root development of immature permanent teeth. However, little is known about the effects of an inflammatory environment on osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the proliferation and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs and the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in LPS-mediated osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs. METHODS SCAPs of human third permanent molars were cultured. Cell viability was analyzed. Alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization ability were investigated. Gene expression of osteo/odontogenic differentiation and MAPK signaling pathways was evaluated during osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs. RESULTS In the 0.1 μg/mL LPS-treated group, cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization of SCAPs were up-regulated. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that dentin sialophosphoprotein, runt-related transcription factor 2, and bone sialoprotein were increased. However, we did not detect any change of osteocalcin expression. In addition, the expression of p-ERK and p-p38 in SCAPs was enhanced by LPS treatment, whereas the inhibition of ERK and p38 MAPK pathways markedly suppressed the differentiation of LPS-treated SCAPs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that LPS at the appropriate concentration promoted the proliferation and osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs. ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways are involved in LPS-mediated osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Liu
- VIP Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Du
- VIP Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- VIP Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Yang
- VIP Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Department of Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- VIP Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Mengxiao Song
- Department of Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- VIP Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Whiting D, Chung WO, Johnson JD, Paranjpe A. Characterization of the Cellular Responses of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells to the Immune System. J Endod 2018; 44:1126-1131. [PMID: 29884336 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental stem cells have gained importance recently and are being used for various purposes in regenerative medicine and dentistry. Although much research has been done to show the various properties of these dental stem cells, the immunomodulatory properties of some of these stem cells are still unknown. This is important considering these cells are being used routinely. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between the activated immune cells and 3 types of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells: dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, and stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP). METHODS SCAP, dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts were cultured, and various assays were performed including a proliferation assay, flow cytometric analysis, lactate dehydrogenase and chromium-51 cytotoxicity assays, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the interactions of these dental stem cells when cocultured with either peripheral blood mononuclear cells or natural killer cells. RESULTS SCAP were less resistant to immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity as seen from the results obtained from the LDH and chromium-51 cytotoxicity assays. The flow cytometric analysis showed a lower resilience of SCAP to cytotoxic compounds. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results demonstrated that the SCAP induced high levels of proinflammatory cytokine secretion compared with the other dental stem cells. CONCLUSIONS SCAP did not perform as well as the other dental stem cells. This could in turn affect their survival and differentiation abilities as well as their functionality. This may be an important aspect to consider when selecting dental stem cells for various regenerative procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean Whiting
- Department of Endodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Whasun Oh Chung
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Endodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Avina Paranjpe
- Department of Endodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zanini M, Meyer E, Simon S. Pulp Inflammation Diagnosis from Clinical to Inflammatory Mediators: A Systematic Review. J Endod 2017; 43:1033-1051. [PMID: 28527838 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Similar to other tissues, the dental pulp mounts an inflammatory reaction as a way to eliminate pathogens and stimulate repair. Pulp inflammation is prerequisite for dentin pulp complex repair and regeneration; otherwise, chronic disease or pulp necrosis occurs. Evaluation of pulp inflammation severity is necessary to predict the clinical success of maintaining pulp vitality. Clinical limitations to evaluating in situ inflammatory status are well-described. A molecular approach that aids clinical distinction between reversible and irreversible pulpitis could improve the success rate of vital pulp therapy. The aim of this article is to review inflammatory mediator expression in the context of clinical diagnosis. METHODS We searched PubMed and Cochrane databases for articles published between 1970 and December 2016. Only published studies of inflammatory mediator expression related to clinical diagnosis were eligible for inclusion and analysis. RESULTS Thirty-two articles were analyzed. Two molecular approaches were described by study methods, protein expression analysis and gene expression analysis. Our review indicates that interleukin-8, matrix metalloproteinase 9, tumor necrosis factor-α, and receptor for advanced glycation end products expression increase at both the gene and protein levels during inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Clinical irreversible pulpitis is related to specific levels of inflammatory mediator expression. The difference in expression between reversible and irreversible disease is both quantitative and qualitative. On the basis of our analysis, in situ quantification of inflammatory mediators may aid in the clinical distinction between reversible and irreversible pulpitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Zanini
- UFR d'odontologie, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Meyer
- UFR d'odontologie, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Simon
- UFR d'odontologie, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France; UMRS INSERM 1138 Team 5, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nie B, Ao H, Zhou J, Tang T, Yue B. Biofunctionalization of titanium with bacitracin immobilization shows potential for anti-bacteria, osteogenesis and reduction of macrophage inflammation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:728-739. [PMID: 27289314 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Titanium has been widely used in the orthopedic and dental fields, however, the inert nature of Ti makes it unsuitable for application in promoting bone cell growth,osteogenic differentiation and antibacterial ability. The aims of the current study were to investigate the antimicrobial activity and biofunction of the polypeptide antibiotic bacitracin, and obtain a multi-biofunctional titanium implant by covalently-immobilizing titanium with the bacitracin. The results showed that the bacitracin possessed low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to both Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), with the non-cytotoxicity concentration up to 500μg/mL to human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), furthermore, the bacitracin could improve the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. The results of Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that bacitracin had been covalently immobilized on the surface of titanium. Immobilized bacitracin could improve the hydrophilic of immobilized titanium. The results of antimicrobial assay demonstrated that the covalently-immobilized bacitracin also had excellent antimicrobial property, and the bacitracin immobilized titanium could inhibit bacterial adhesion and colonization. The results of cell biology experiments proved that the bacitracin immobilized titanium could improve hBMSCs' adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. We also found that the macrophages were difficult to spread or activate on the surface of bacitracin immobilized titanium, and the secretion of inflammatory factors had been inhibited. In conclusion, the novel bacitracin immobilized titanium has multi-biofunctions including outstanding antibacterial properties, excellent cell biology performance, and restraining inflammation, which has exciting application prospect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin'en Nie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China
| | - Haiyong Ao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China
| | - Jianliang Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, PR China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China
| | - Bing Yue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abd-Elmeguid A, Abdeldayem M, Kline LW, Moqbel R, Vliagoftis H, Yu DC. Osteocalcin Expression in Pulp Inflammation. J Endod 2013; 39:865-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|