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Koutrouli A, Machla F, Arapostathis K, Kokoti M, Bakopoulou A. "Biological responses of two calcium-silicate-based cements on a tissue-engineered 3D organotypic deciduous pulp analogue". Dent Mater 2024; 40:e14-e25. [PMID: 38431482 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The biological responses of MTA and Biodentine™ has been assessed on a three-dimensional, tissue-engineered organotypic deciduous pulp analogue. METHODS Human endothelial (HUVEC) and dental mesenchymal stem cells (SHED) at a ratio of 3:1, were incorporated into a collagen I/fibrin hydrogel; succeeding Biodentine™ and MTA cylindrical specimens were placed in direct contact with the pulp analogue 48 h later. Cell viability/proliferation and morphology were evaluated through live/dead staining, MTT assay and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and expression of angiogenic, odontogenic markers through real time PCR. RESULTS Viable cells dominated at day 3 after treatment presenting typical morphology, firmly attached within the hydrogel structures, as shown by live/dead staining and SEM images. MTT assay at day 1 presented a significant increase of cell proliferation in Biodentine™ group. Real-time PCR showed significant upregulation of odontogenic markers DSPP, BMP-2 (day 3,6), RUNX2, ALP (day 3) in contact with Biodentine™ compared to MTA and the control, whereas MTA promoted significant upregulation of DSPP, BMP-2, RUNX2, Osterix (day 3) and ALP (day 6) compared to the control. MSX1 presented downregulation in both experimental groups. Expression of angiogenic markers VEGFa and ANGPT-1 at day 3 was significantly upregulated in contact with Biodentine™ and MTA respectively, while the receptors VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and Tie-2, as well as PECAM-1 were downregulated. SIGNIFICANCE Both calcium silicate-based materials are biocompatible and exert positive angiogenic and odontogenic effects, although Biodentine™ during the first days of culture, seems to induce higher cell proliferation and provoke a more profound odontogenic and angiogenic response from SHED.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koutrouli
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - F Machla
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - K Arapostathis
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - M Kokoti
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - A Bakopoulou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece.
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Shaji D, Krishnamma S, Attuvalappil Rajan D, Narayanankutty SK, George J, Ramakrishnan C. Comparative Evaluation of a New Tricalcium Silicate Cement With Calcium Hydroxide as Direct Pulp Capping Agents: A Clinical Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e56508. [PMID: 38646305 PMCID: PMC11026997 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Direct pulp capping (dPC) is a therapeutic process that involves the application of a protective chemical to an exposed pulp with the intent to facilitate the restoration and preservation of its vitality and function. Despite numerous proposed solutions, researchers have yet to find a dependable, non-absorbable bioactive pulp capping substance that constantly activates cellular healing processes, consequently preserving pulpal vitality over an extended period of time. The objective of this study was to assess and contrast the efficacy of a novel tricalcium silicate cement and calcium hydroxide in preserving the long-term health of the dental pulp following dPC using clinical and radiographic observations. Materials and methods A total of 60 individuals with symptoms of reversible pulpitis associated with deep carious lesions were chosen for dPC in the study. Two groups comprising 30 patients each underwent dPC using the novel tricalcium silicate cement (experimental group) and calcium hydroxide (control group) out of the total number of patients. A thin protective covering of self-curing glass ionomer base was applied on top of the capping material. The dentist provided instant permanent restoration employing direct posterior composite resin. Follow-up examinations were conducted three, six, nine, and 12 months after the procedure, during which assessments were performed using clinical and radiographic parameters. Results The minimum age of the study group was 16, and its maximum age was 34 (22.35 ± 2.3 years). The control group consisted of 12 males and 18 females, while the Biodentine group consisted of 13 males and 17 females. The age and gender distribution were determined to have insignificant statistical differences across the groups. The pain score exhibited statistical significance at both the three-month and six-month follow-up visits (p < 0.05). The pain score at the 12-month follow-up was 0.38 ± 0.52 in the case group and 0.42 ± 0.61 in the control group (p = 0.79). The average Periapical Index (PAI) score for the Dycal and Biodentin groups after the 12-month follow-up was 1.38 ± 0.97 and 1 ± 0.3, respectively. This difference was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.044). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in the PAI score at the three-month, six-month, and nine-month follow-ups (p < 0.01). During the entirety of the follow-up duration, one individual in the Biodentine group had tenderness upon percussion, a negative reaction for pulp vitality, pulpal changes, and a widening of the periodontal space. Statistically significant differences were observed in pulpal changes and tenderness on percussion during the nine-month and 12-month follow-up periods (p < 0.05). After 12 months, the rate of success in the group treated with Dycal was 91.3%, while the success percentage in the group treated with Biodentine was 98.55%. This difference in outcomes was determined to be statistically significant (λ2 = 5.46; p = 0.019). Conclusion The study findings indicate that Biodentine, a novel tricalcium silicate cement, outperforms calcium hydroxide in preserving pulp vitality over the long term following dPC. The Biodentine group attained an overall success rate of 98.55%, whereas the Dycal group had a success rate of 91.3% following 12 months of subsequent follow-up visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Shaji
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, Thrissur, IND
| | - Sobha Krishnamma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, Kottayam, IND
| | | | | | - Jinu George
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, Thrissur, IND
| | - Christalin Ramakrishnan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College, Thrissur, IND
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Bilge K, Ataş O, Yildiz Ş, Çalik I, Dündar S, Gezer Ataş A. Histological evaluation of tissue reaction and new bone formation of different calcium silicate-based cements in rats. Aust Dent J 2024; 69:18-28. [PMID: 37715562 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the local reactions and new bone formation of rat subcutaneous and bone tissue to different calcium silicate cements. METHODS In this study, 80 rats were divided into five groups as control, BIOfactor MTA (BIO), NeoMTA Plus (NEO), MTA Repair Hp (REP), Biodentine (DENT) and then into two subgroups according to sacrification times (7, 30 days; n = 8). Polyethylene tubes filled with appropriate materials (test groups); empty tubes (control group) were implanted into the dorsum of each rat subcutaneously. For intraosseous implantation, materials were placed in the cavities created in tibia of rats. Subcutaneous tissue and tibia samples were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and subjected to histopathological analysis. A score (0-3) was used to grade inflammatory reaction and new bone formation. Data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS Inflammatory reaction observed in subcutaneous and intraosseous tissues for 7 days decreased significantly in all groups over time (P < 0.05). It was determined that there was significant increase in new bone formation in REP, BIO, DENT groups over time (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Four contemporary bioceramic materials induced local inflammation and tissues changes shortly after subcutaneous implantation, which were reduced over time. In ıntraosseous implantation, all materials induced new bone formation over time. REGISTRATION NUMBER ADJ-03-23-0134. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bilge
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Firat University, Elazıg, Turkey
| | - O Ataş
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Firat University, Elazıg, Turkey
| | - Ş Yildiz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Firat University, Elazıg, Turkey
| | - I Çalik
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazıg, Turkey
| | - S Dündar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Nabeel M, Abu-Seida AM, Elgendy AA, Tawfik HM. Biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine as root-end filling materials: an in vivo study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3568. [PMID: 38347030 PMCID: PMC10861467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53872-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine (BD) as root-end filling materials. Six mongrel dogs were divided into two equal groups according to the evaluation period; group A: one month and group B: three months. Three premolars of the same quadrant in each arch were used, summing up 36 teeth (6 teeth/dog). These teeth were randomly subdivided into three subgroups according to the root-end filling material used: MTA, BD and no root-end filling material (control). Endodontic access cavities were performed for induction of periapical pathosis. After the infection period, root canal instrumentation and obturation were accomplished. One day after root canal procedures, root-end surgery was performed. Surgical access was achieved and the root-end was resected approximately 3 mm above the apex. Root-end cavity was prepared ultrasonically and filled with the tested materials. All samples were evaluated by radiography and histopathology (Inflammation and new hard tissue formation). Data were collected and subjected to statistical analysis. In group A, MTA subgroup exhibited significant higher mean inflammatory score than BD subgroup (P < 0.05) while no significant difference was recorded between MTA and BD subgroups in group B (P > 0.05). Regarding mean mineralization score, there was no significant difference between all subgroups in both groups A and B (P > 0.05). Biodentine exhibited favorable biocompatibility in the initial stage of healing than MTA and comparable biomineralization. Clinical relevance: Biodentine could be considered as an acceptable alternative to MTA in peri-radicular surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nabeel
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf M Abu-Seida
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Squa, PO Box 12211, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Abeer A Elgendy
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam M Tawfik
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Oral & Dental Medicine, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Phang V, Malhotra R, Chen NN, Min KS, Yu VSH, Rosa V, Dubey N. Specimen Shape and Elution Time Affect the Mineralization and Differentiation Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells to Biodentine. J Funct Biomater 2023; 15:1. [PMID: 38276474 PMCID: PMC10816296 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The liquid extract method is commonly used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of materials. Although ISO has recommended guidelines for test methods, variations in elution period, and shape of samples can influence the biological outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of material form and elution period of Biodentine on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs)' proliferation and mineralization. Biodentine (0.2 g) discs or powder were immersed in culture media (10 mL) for 1, 3 or 7 days (D1, D3 and D7). The eluents were filtered and used to treat DPSC. The calcium release profile and pH were determined. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTS for 3 days, and mineralization and differentiation were assessed by alizarin red S staining (Ca2+/ng of DNA) and qRT-PCR (MEPE, DSPP, DMP-1, RUNX2, COL-I and OCN) for 14 days. Statistical analysis was performed with a one or two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test (pH, calcium release and proliferation) or Mann-Whitney test (α = 0.05). pH and calcium ion release of powdered eluents were significantly higher than disc eluents. Powdered eluent promoted extensive cell death, while the disc form was cytocompatible. All disc eluents significantly increased the gene expression and mineralization after 14 days compared to the untreated control. D7 induced less mineralization and differentiation compared to D1 and D3. Thus, the materials' form and elution time are critical aspects to be considered when evaluating the bioactivity of materials, since this binomial can affect positively and negatively the biological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valene Phang
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore; (V.P.); (R.M.); (V.S.H.Y.)
- National Dental Centre Singapore, 5 Second Hospital Ave., Singapore 168938, Singapore;
| | - Ritika Malhotra
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore; (V.P.); (R.M.); (V.S.H.Y.)
| | - Nah Nah Chen
- National Dental Centre Singapore, 5 Second Hospital Ave., Singapore 168938, Singapore;
| | - Kyung-San Min
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;
| | - Victoria Soo Hoon Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore; (V.P.); (R.M.); (V.S.H.Y.)
| | - Vinicius Rosa
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore; (V.P.); (R.M.); (V.S.H.Y.)
| | - Nileshkumar Dubey
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119085, Singapore; (V.P.); (R.M.); (V.S.H.Y.)
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Duncan HF, Kobayashi Y, Kearney M, Shimizu E. Epigenetic therapeutics in dental pulp treatment: Hopes, challenges and concerns for the development of next-generation biomaterials. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:574-593. [PMID: 37213443 PMCID: PMC10199232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This opinion-led review paper highlights the need for novel translational research in vital-pulp-treatment (VPT), but also discusses the challenges in translating evidence to clinics. Traditional dentistry is expensive, invasive and relies on an outmoded mechanical understanding of dental disease, rather than employing a biological perspective that harnesses cell activity and the regenerative-capacity. Recent research has focussed on developing minimally-invasive biologically-based 'fillings' that preserve the dental pulp; research that is shifting the paradigm from expensive high-technology dentistry, with high failure rates, to smart restorations targeted at biological processes. Current VPTs promote repair by recruiting odontoblast-like cells in a material-dependent process. Therefore, exciting opportunities exist for development of next-generation biomaterials targeted at regenerative processes in the dentin-pulp complex. This article analyses recent research using pharmacological-inhibitors to therapeutically-target histone-deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes in dental-pulp-cells (DPCs) that stimulate pro-regenerative effects with limited loss of viability. Consequently, HDAC-inhibitors have the potential to enhance biomaterial-driven tissue responses at low concentration by influencing the cellular processes with minimal side-effects, providing an opportunity to develop a topically-placed, inexpensive bio-inductive pulp-capping material. Despite positive results, clinical translation of these innovations requires enterprise to counteract regulatory obstacles, dental-industry priorities and to develop strong academic/industry partnerships. The aim of this opinion-led review paper is to discuss the potential role of therapeutically-targeting epigenetic modifications as part of a topical VPT strategy in the treatment of the damaged dental pulp, while considering the next steps, material considerations, challenges and future for the clinical development of epigenetic therapeutics or other 'smart' restorations in VPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry F. Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yoshifumi Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Michaela Kearney
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emi Shimizu
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
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Zeng Y, Liu L, Huang D, Song D. Immortalized cell lines derived from dental/odontogenic tissue. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03767-5. [PMID: 37039940 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells derived from dental/odontogenic tissue have the property of multiple differentiation and are prospective in tooth regenerative medicine and cellular and molecular studies. However, in the face of cellular senescence soon in vitro, the proliferation ability of the cells is limited, so studies are hindered to some extent. Fortunately, immortalization strategies are expected to solve the above issues. Cellular immortalization is that cells are immortalized by introducing oncogenes, human telomerase reverse transcriptase genes (hTERT), or miscellaneous immortalization genes to get unlimited proliferation. At present, a variety of immortalized stem cells from dental/odontogenic tissue has been successfully generated, such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament cells (PDLs), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), dental papilla cells (DPCs), and tooth germ mesenchymal cells (TGMCs). This review summarized establishment and applications of immortalized stem cells from dental/odontogenic tissues and then discussed the advantages and challenges of immortalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dongzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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ASSADIAN H, KHOJASTEH A, EBRAHIMIAN Z, AHMADINEJAD F, BOROOJENI HSH, BOHLOULI M, NEKOOFAR MH, MH DUMMER P, NOKHBATOLFOGHAHAEI H. Comparative evaluation of the effects of three hydraulic calcium silicate cements on odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells: an in vitro study. J Appl Oral Sci 2022; 30:e20220203. [PMID: 36350874 PMCID: PMC9651926 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to compare the response of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) towards three hydraulic calcium silicate cements (HCSCs) by measuring cytotoxicity and expression of dentinogenic genes. METHODOLOGY Dental pulps of five impacted mandibular third molars were extirpated as a source for hDPSCs. Next to culturing, hDPSCs were subjected to fluorescence-activated cell sorting after the third passage to validate stemness of the cells. Human DPSCs were exposed to diluted supernatants of OrthoMTA (OMTA), Biodentine (BD) and Calcium-Enriched Mixture (CEM) at concentrations 10, 25, 50 and 100% at the first, third and fifth day of culture. Then, cells were exposed to 10% concentrations supernatant of HCSCs to determine DSPP and DMP1 gene expression, using a quantitative polymerase-chain reaction. Data were analyzed using one-way and three-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey post hoc statistical tests. RESULTS Optimal cell proliferation was observed in all groups, regardless of concentration and time-point. HCSC supernatants were non-cytotoxic to hDPSCs at all three time-points, except for 100% Biodentine on day five. On day seven, OMTA group significantly upregulated the expression of DSPP and DMP1 genes. On day 14, expression of DMP1 and DSPP genes were significantly higher in BD and OMTA groups, respectively. CONCLUSION Biodentine significantly upregulated DMP1 gene expression over 14 days, whereas CEM was associated with only minimal expression of DSPP and DMP1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi ASSADIAN
- Tehran University of Medical SciencesSchool of DentistryDepartment of EndodonticsTehranIranTehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arash KHOJASTEH
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Institute of Dental SciencesDental Research CenterTehranIranShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Fereshteh AHMADINEJAD
- Shahrekord University of Medical ScienceCellular and Molecular Research CenterShahrekordIranShahrekord University of Medical Science, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Helia Sadat Haeri BOROOJENI
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Institute of Dental SciencesDental Research CenterTehranIranShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahboubeh BOHLOULI
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesSchool of Advanced Technologies in MedicineDepartment of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell SciencesTehranIranShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein NEKOOFAR
- Tehran University of Medical SciencesSchool of DentistryDepartment of EndodonticsTehranIranTehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Paul MH DUMMER
- Cardiff UniversityCollege of Biomedical and Life SciencesSchool of DentistryCardiffUKCardiff University, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Hanieh NOKHBATOLFOGHAHAEI
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Institute of Dental SciencesDental Research CenterTehranIranShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
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Patel S, Saberi N, Pimental T, Teng P. Present status and future directions: Root resorption. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 4:892-921. [PMID: 35229320 PMCID: PMC9790676 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Root resorption is the loss of dental hard tissue because of odontoclastic action. In permanent teeth, it is undesirable and pathological in nature. Root resorption may occur on the inner aspect of the root canal (internal root resorption) or on the outer aspect of the root (external root resorption). Regardless of its location, root resorption is irreversible, and may result in discomfort for the patient, requires management and/or, in some cases, results in the premature loss of the affected tooth. Root resorption is often challenging to accurately diagnose and manage. The aim of this narrative review is to present the relevant literature on the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management, as well as discuss the future directions of diagnosis and management of root resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanon Patel
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK,Specialist PracticeLondonUK
| | - Navid Saberi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tiago Pimental
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Peng‐Hui Teng
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing’s College LondonLondonUK
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Bioinductive and anti-inflammatory properties of Propolis and Biodentine on SHED. Saudi Dent J 2022; 34:544-552. [PMID: 36267530 PMCID: PMC9577971 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate and compare the cell viability, differentiation potential and anti-inflammatory potential of propolis and Biodentine™ on stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Materials and methods SHED were segregated and cultured from the dental pulp of children after therapeutic extraction. Microculture Tetrazolium Assay (MTT) assay was carried out for assessing cell proliferation potential of propolis and Biodentine at different concentrations. As per the results from cell proliferation assay, cell differentiation potential of SHED was evaluated at concentration of 12.5 μg/ml using Alizarin Red staining. The anti-inflammatory potential of test materials was evaluated using gelatin zymography by detecting MMP-2 and MMP-9. Results The maximum cell proliferation percentage of SHED treated with propolis and Biodentine was observed at a concentration of 12.5 μg/ml, on day 7, 14 and 21 with Biodentine having maximum cell proliferation potential followed by propolis. SHED treated with Biodentine showed maximum cell differentiation on day 7 (107.16), 14 (106.29) and 21 (107.72). However, anti-inflammatory activity against MMP-2 was 95 % with propolis and 85 % with Biodentine and whereas, against MMP-9 it was 65 % for propolis and 47 % for Biodentine. Conclusion Propolis shows comparable cell viability, cell proliferation and differentiation potential on SHED when compared to Biodentine. It also exhibits better invitro anti-inflammatory activity on SHED compared to Biodentine. Further studies are warranted to validate the application of propolis as an effective and economical alternative biocompatible agent to Biodentine for vital pulp therapies.
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Comparison of Clinical and Radiographic Success between MTA and Biodentine in Pulpotomy of Primary Mandibular Second Molars with Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:6963944. [PMID: 35866144 PMCID: PMC9296336 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6963944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Among the new therapeutic materials, MTA and Biodentine are recommended for pulpotomy and sealing the pulp. Considering the similar characteristics of these two materials and considering that their effects on the treatment of primary second molars with irreversible pulpitis have not been compared properly, this study aimed to compare clinical and radiographic success between MTA and Biodentine in pulpotomy of primary mandibular second molars with irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Methods This study was conducted as a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Participants were selected according to inclusion criteria and 52 samples were randomly selected using random numbers table in group A. Then, patients in the next group B were matched with the first group in terms of age range and sex. In group A, the remaining pulp was covered with 2 mm MTA+ and in group B with 3 mm Biodentine. Participants were called for clinical evaluation every three months for 12 months (long-term follow-up). Radiographic evaluations were in the sixth and twelfth months. Results Fischer's exact test showed that there was no significant difference between MTA and Biodentine in terms of clinical and radiographic success rates (P value = 1). According to the results of the Kaplan–Meier test, the survival rate in both pulp treatment methods was similar in symptomatic teeth. Conclusions The results of this study showed that Biodentine properties are similar to MTA, and both materials show high clinical and radiographic success rates in long-term follow-up.
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Direct pulp capping in asymptomatic carious primary molars using three different pulp capping materials: a prospective clinical trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:803-811. [PMID: 35780237 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Τo assess the outcome of direct pulp capping in asymptomatic carious primary molars using three pulp capping materials. METHODS In this prospective clinical trial, carious primary molars free of irreversible pulp inflammation signs and symptoms, with negative pain history and pulp exposure following caries removal were included. Teeth were divided into groups: A: Ca(OH)2, B: Pure Portland cement®, C: Biodentine™. Following anaesthesia, isolation, caries removal, pulp exposure, hemorrhage control, pulp capping, additional lining in groups A, B, teeth were restored with composite resin. Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, multivariable random effects Cox regression model were performed. RESULTS Sixty-six patients (25 girls, 41 boys) with mean age 7.2 (± 1.7) years participated. The mean follow-up time was 13 months. Seventy-nine primary molars were assigned to groups A (n = 27), B (29), C (n = 23). The overall failure was 16% and the distribution by group was: A: 5 teeth, B: 5 teeth, C: 3 teeth. No significant differences in failure rates between capping materials, tooth types, age bands and genders were identified. CONCLUSIONS Direct pulp capping in asymptomatic carious primary molars may be an acceptable option, when treating an exposed pulp with bioceramic materials as pulp capping agents.
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Rabello CZ, Kopper PMP, Ferri LJM, Signor B, Hashizumi LN, Fontanella VRC, Grecca FS, Scarparo RK. Physicochemical properties of three bioceramic cements. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e069. [PMID: 36507756 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the physicochemical properties of MTA Angelus (MTA-A), MTA Repair HP (MTA-HP), and Biodentine (BD). Setting times (n = 7) were determined in accordance with ASTM C266-15. Solubility (n = 11), pH (n = 10), and calcium ion release (n = 10) were evaluated up to 28 days in accordance with ANSI/ADA specification no. 57. Radiopacity was assessed by ANSI/ADA (n = 10) and the tissue simulator method (n = 10). In both methods, the specimens were radiographed using an aluminum stepwedge and the digital radiographs were analyzed in Adobe Photoshop, determining the mean grayscale pixel values of the materials, of the 3-mm aluminum stepwedge, and of the dentin, the latter of which was analyzed on the tissue simulator. The data obtained from each test were statistically analyzed and compared (p < 0.05). MTA-A presented longer final setting time compared with the other materials. There were no significant differences in the mass values of materials during the experiment. All materials presented an alkaline pH. BD promoted greater calcium ion release in most of the experimental periods. All materials presented appropriate radiopacity. BD showed lower radiopacity than MTA-A in the tissue simulator method. All groups presented higher radiopacity in the tissue simulator when compared with the ANSI/ADA method. MTA-A, MTA-HP, and BD showed appropriate physicochemical properties and radiopacity, and were considered suitable to be used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruna Signor
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lina Naomi Hashizumi
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Soares Grecca
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Graduate Program, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Almutairi W, Al-Dahman Y, Alnassar F, Albalawi O. Intracanal calcification following regenerative endodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:3333-3342. [PMID: 35243550 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Calcification is a common finding in endodontic cases after regenerative endodontic therapy (RET). We aimed to identify the prevalence of intracanal calcification after RET and to compare intracanal calcification outcomes in RET using either calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] or antibiotics. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, and Scopus databases for clinical, cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort RET studies published until May 2020 in the English language and reporting a calcified case after RET. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials and Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions were used for bias assessment. Meta-analyses were performed, overall and separately, for intracanal medicaments using a random-effects model with weighted inverse variance methods. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the calcification type. RESULTS Eight studies were included. The overall prevalence of intracanal calcification after RET was 30.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.15-0.45,[Formula: see text]=92.6%), 46.5% with Ca(OH)2 vs. 25.8% with antibiotic-based intracanal medicaments. Subgroup analyses for complete calcification outcome showed a higher prevalence of complete calcification in the Ca(OH)2 group (46.5%, 95% CI: 0.17-0.68,[Formula: see text]%) than in the antibiotic group (10%, 95% CI: - 0.04-0.43,[Formula: see text]%). CONCLUSIONS Based on the studies included, available evidence shows a statistically significant association between complete calcification and Ca(OH)2 paste as an intracanal medicament. Other contributing factors, such as blood clot formation and follow-up time, might also play an essential role in forming intracanal calcification. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study highlights the significant association between complete calcification and Ca(OH)2 paste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Almutairi
- Department of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, P. O. Box: 1162, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yousef Al-Dahman
- Department of Endodontics, Eastern Riyadh Dental Center, Second Health Cluster in Riyadh, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alnassar
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olayan Albalawi
- Department of Statistic, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
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Nowwarote N, Petit S, Ferre FC, Dingli F, Laigle V, Loew D, Osathanon T, Fournier BPJ. Extracellular Matrix Derived From Dental Pulp Stem Cells Promotes Mineralization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:740712. [PMID: 35155398 PMCID: PMC8829122 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.740712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal role in many physiological processes. ECM macromolecules and associated factors differ according to tissues, impact cell differentiation, and tissue homeostasis. Dental pulp ECM may differ from other oral tissues and impact mineralization. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the matrisome of ECM proteins derived from human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and its ability to regulate mineralization even in cells which do not respond to assaults by mineralization, the human gingival fibroblasts (GF). Methods: ECM were extracted from DPSCs cultured in normal growth medium supplemented with L-ascorbic acid (N-ECM) or in osteogenic induction medium (OM-ECM). ECM decellularization (dECM) was performed using 0.5% triton X-100 in 20 mM ammonium hydroxide after 21 days. Mass spectrometry and proteomic analysis identified and quantified matrisome proteins. Results: The dECM contained ECM proteins but lacked cellular components and mineralization. Interestingly, collagens (COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3) and elastic fibers (FBN1, FBLN2, FN1, and HSPG2) were significantly represented in N-ECM, while annexins (ANXA1, ANXA4, ANXA5, ANXA6, ANXA7, and ANXA11) were significantly overdetected in OM-ECM. GF were reseeded on N-dECM and OM-dECM and cultured in normal or osteogenic medium. GF were able to attach and proliferate on N-dECM and OM-dECM. Both dECM enhanced mineralization of GF at day 14 compared to tissue culture plate (TCP). In addition, OM-dECM promoted higher mineralization of GF than N-dECM although cultured in growth medium. Conclusions: ECM derived from DPSCs proved to be osteoinductive, and this knowledge supported cell-derived ECM can be further utilized for tissue engineering of mineralized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunthawan Nowwarote
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty Garancière, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Petit
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Francois Come Ferre
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Victor Laigle
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Thanaphum Osathanon, ; Benjamin P. J. Fournier,
| | - Benjamin P. J. Fournier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental Faculty Garancière, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Thanaphum Osathanon, ; Benjamin P. J. Fournier,
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YAVUZ HF, BULUT EYÜBOĞLU G. Investigation on the Effect of Blood Contamination of Calcium Silicate-Based Pulp Capping Materials Hardened at Different Times on Shear Bond Strength. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.1007704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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17
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Kumar P, Gowri S, Jayasheelan N, Kutty S, Shetty D, Banu K. An in vitro investigation of the sealing ability of biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate as retrofilling materials after the use of various irrigating solutions. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:S563-S567. [PMID: 36110671 PMCID: PMC9469458 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_687_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Materials and Methods: Statistical Analysis: Results: Conclusion:
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18
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Iftekhar H, Rehman A, Tewari R, Mishra S. Management of Type III palatogingival groove in permanent maxillary lateral incisor with intentional replantation. JOURNAL OF ORAL RESEARCH AND REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jorr.jorr_25_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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19
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Reis MDS, Scarparo RK, Signor B, Bolzan JT, Steier L, Figueiredo JAPD. Pulp capping with mineral trioxide aggregate or Biodentine: a comparison of mineralized barrier formation and inflammatory and degenerative events. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e118. [PMID: 34878073 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodentine in endodontic practice has been widely investigated, but comprehensive histological descriptions of degenerative and inflammatory responses are not covered in most of the studies that compare pulp capping materials. This study aimed to evaluate pulpal responses to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA Angelus) and Biodentine, focusing on mineralized barrier formation and on inflammatory and degenerative events. 80 male Wistar rats were assigned to 5 groups, according to the materials used for pulp capping and coronal sealing (n=8 per group/period). The lower first molars were mechanically exposed, capped with either MTA or Biodentine, and restored with silver amalgam. In an additional test group, the teeth were capped and sealed with Biodentine. The teeth capped with gutta-percha and restored with silver amalgam served as positive control, whereas untreated teeth served as negative control. Pulpal responses and coronal sealing were evaluated after 14 or 21 days. Data was statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's post hoc tests (p<0.05). Biodentine and MTA presented satisfactory results, showing a milder inflammatory response (p<0.0001) and more pronounced formation of mineralized barrier (p<0.0001) compared to the teeth capped with gutta-percha. As a restorative material, Biodentine kept coronal sealing in only 37.5% of the samples. Biodentine showed favorable properties in vital pulp therapy, being similar to MTA. However, it was not effective in protecting dental pulp from microleakage during the experimental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda de Sousa Reis
- Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul - Unisc, Department of Health Sciences, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta Kochenborger Scarparo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Signor
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Troglio Bolzan
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Riio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Clinical Department, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Liviu Steier
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Division of Restorative Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - José Antonio Poli de Figueiredo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, School of Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Copelli FA, Lima AASD, Santos CCDO, Carneiro E, Cavenago BC. Biological response to lyophilized demineralized dentin matrix implanted in the subcutaneous tissues of rats. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:441-447. [PMID: 34803284 PMCID: PMC8589591 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Lyophilized demineralized dentin matrix (LDDM) consists of a type 1 collagen complex matrix containing growth factors and no mineral crystals. Although the efficacy of LDDM for bone grafting is well known, there is limited evidence on the biological response to human lyophilized DDM. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the biological response of subcutaneous tissues in rats to powdered LDDM, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and Biodentine implanted using polyethylene tubes. Methods Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 10 each) depending on the experimental time intervals and were placed in polyethylene tubes containing LDDM, MTA, biodentine, and one empty control. After 3, 7, 15, and 30 observation days, the animals were sacrificed and quantitative and qualitative analysis of the subcutaneous tissue samples was carried out. The intensity of the inflammatory response was scored from 0 (no response) to 3 (severe response), and the data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (p < 0.05). Results All groups exhibited moderate inflammation after 3 and 7 days of observation, with presence of inflammatory infiltrate predominantly consisting of macrophages and angioblastic proliferation being observed. After 15 observation days, the control group exhibited mild inflammation and a predominance of fibroblasts, and this differed significantly from the remaining cement groups that exhibited moderate inflammation. After 30 days of observation, all groups exhibited a mild inflammatory response, predominance of fibroblasts, and a greater amount of collagen fibers. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that LDDM exhibited an acceptable biological response similar to MTA and Biodentine in the subcutaneous tissues of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Everdan Carneiro
- Department of Endodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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21
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Gad El-Rab SMF, Ashour AA, Basha S, Alyamani AA, Felemban NH, Enan ET. Well-Orientation Strategy Biosynthesis of Cefuroxime-Silver Nanoantibiotic for Reinforced Biodentine™ and Its Dental Application against Streptococcus mutans. Molecules 2021; 26:6832. [PMID: 34833924 PMCID: PMC8622780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries results from the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and is the maximum critical reason for caries formation. Consequently, the present study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a newly synthesized nanoantibiotic-Biodentine formulation. The silver nanoparticles (ROE-AgNPs) were biosynthesized from the usage of Rosmarinus officinalis L. extract (ROE) and conjugated with cefuroxime to form Cefuroxime-ROE-AgNPs. Using Biodentine™ (BIOD), five groups of dental materials were prepared, in which Group A included conventional BIOD, Group B included BIOD with ROE-AgNPs, Groups C and D included BIOD with Cefuroxime-ROE-AgNPs at concentrations of 0.5% and 1.5% cefuroxime, respectively, and Group E included BIOD with 1.5% cefuroxime. The synthesized ROE-AgNPs or Cefuroxime-ROE-AgNPs were characterized for conjugating efficiency, morphology, particle size, and in vitro release. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the cefuroxime, ROE-AgNPs, and Cefuroxime-ROE-AgNPs were additionally evaluated against cefuroxime resistant S. mutans, which furthered antibacterial efficacy of the five groups of dental materials. The UV-Visible spectrum showed the ROE-AgNPs or Cefuroxime-ROE-AgNPs peaks and their formation displayed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) analysis. The end result of Cefuroxime-ROE-AgNPs showed conjugating efficiency up to 79%. Cefuroxime-ROE-AgNPs displayed the highest antibacterial efficacy against S. mutans as compared to cefuroxime or ROE-AgNPs alone. Moreover, the MIC of ROE-AgNPs and Cefuroxime-ROE-AgNPs was detected against S. mutans to be 25 and 8.5 μg/mL, respectively. Consequently, Cefuroxime-ROE-AgNPs displayed that a decrease in the MIC reached to more than three-fold less than MIC of ROE-AgNPs on the tested strain. Moreover, Cefuroxime-ROE-AgNPs/BIOD was employed as a novel dental material that showed maximum antimicrobial activity. Groups C and D of novel materials showed inhibitory zones of 19 and 26 mm, respectively, against S. mutans and showed high antimicrobial rates of 85.78% and 91.17%, respectively. These data reinforce the utility of conjugating cefuroxime with ROE-AgNPs to retrieve its efficiency against resistant S. mutant. Moreover, the nanoantibiotic delivered an advantageous antibacterial effect to BIOD, and this may open the door for future conjugation therapy of dental materials against bacteria that cause dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa M. F. Gad El-Rab
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Amal A. Ashour
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Oral Pathology Division, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sakeenabi Basha
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amal Ahmed Alyamani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nayef H. Felemban
- Preventive Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Enas Tawfik Enan
- Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia;
- Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35511, Egypt
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22
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Uyar DS, Alacam A. Evaluation of partial pulpotomy treatment in cariously exposed immature permanent molars: Randomized controlled trial. Niger J Clin Pract 2021; 24:1511-1519. [PMID: 34657018 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_686_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims This study aimed to assess the outcomes of partial pulpotomy treatments using different biocompatible materials which were Biodentine®, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and calcium hydroxide (CH) in cariously exposed pulp tissue in immature permanent molars. Materials and Methods Fifty-four teeth of 50 patients, which had cariously pulp exposures were randomly divided into Biodentine®, MTA, and CH groups for partial pulpotomy treatments and finally restored with stainless steel crowns at the same appointment. Clinical and radiographical success was evaluated by the absence of any clinical and radiographical signs and symptoms for 12 months. Also, Image J was used for the quantitative assessment of length developments for mesial and distal roots. P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Partial pulpotomy treatments showed high overall success rate (87%). On the other hand, Biodentine and MTA showed higher success rates compared to CH without any statistical significance (P = 0.09). Besides, mesial and distal root lengths displayed a continuous and significant increase in each group at sixth month follow-up (P = 0.01; P = 0.03). Conclusions Favorable results demonstrated that Biodentine, MTA, and CH might be recommended as suitable agents for partial pulpotomy treatment in cariously exposed immature molars with clinical diagnosis of normal pulp or reversible pulpitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sakaryali Uyar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Alacam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Chitosan-Based Accelerated Portland Cement Promotes Dentinogenic/Osteogenic Differentiation and Mineralization Activity of SHED. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193358. [PMID: 34641172 PMCID: PMC8512062 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) are widely used in various endodontic treatments to promote wound healing and hard tissue formation. Chitosan-based accelerated Portland cement (APC-CT) is a promising and affordable material for endodontic use. This study investigated the effect of APC-CT on apoptosis, cell attachment, dentinogenic/osteogenic differentiation and mineralization activity of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). APC-CT was prepared with various concentrations of chitosan (CT) solution (0%, 0.625%, 1.25% and 2.5% (w/v)). Cell attachment was determined by direct contact analysis using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM); while the material extracts were used for the analyses of apoptosis by flow cytometry, dentinogenic/osteogenic marker expression by real-time PCR and mineralization activity by Alizarin Red and Von Kossa staining. The cells effectively attached to the surfaces of APC and APC-CT, acquiring flattened elongated and rounded-shape morphology. Treatment of SHED with APC and APC-CT extracts showed no apoptotic effect. APC-CT induced upregulation of DSPP, MEPE, DMP-1, OPN, OCN, OPG and RANKL expression levels in SHED after 14 days, whereas RUNX2, ALP and COL1A1 expression levels were downregulated. Mineralization assays showed a progressive increase in the formation of calcium deposits in cells with material containing higher CT concentration and with incubation time. In conclusion, APC-CT is nontoxic and promotes dentinogenic/osteogenic differentiation and mineralization activity of SHED, indicating its regenerative potential as a promising substitute for the commercially available CSCs to induce dentin/bone regeneration.
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Vital Pulp Therapy in Primary Dentition: Pulpotomy-A 100-Year Challenge. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8100841. [PMID: 34682106 PMCID: PMC8534739 DOI: 10.3390/children8100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Pulpotomy has long been the most indicated vital pulp procedure in primary molars with extensive caries. The success of a pulpotomy is highly technique sensitive and it depends upon many factors, such as diagnosis accuracy, caries excavation method, pulp dressing material, quality of the final restoration and operator experience. This paper provides an overview of the pulpotomy procedure in primary teeth over a century, with reference to advances in technique, medication and restoration possibilities and challenges and controversies surrounding the subject as well as future directions.
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Abdul MSM, Murali N, Rai P, Mirza MB, Salim S, Aparna M, Singh S. Clinico-Histological Evaluation of Dentino-Pulpal Complex of Direct Pulp Capping Agents: A Clinical Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S194-S198. [PMID: 34447074 PMCID: PMC8375854 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_665_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Direct pulp capping treatment (DPC) maintains pulp vitality by promoting healing or repair in dentistry, which can be attributed to the advent of bioceramic materials. Aim: This examination looked to evaluate the clinical and histological effectuality of Biodentine with Dycal for DPC. Materials and Methodology: In this study, 30 intact human orthodontic teeth undergoing therapeutic extraction were chosen to perform DPC. They were arbitrarily divided into two groups (n = 15) and DPC with Biodentine and Dycal was performed. Composite resin was used as permanent restoration. After a period of 1 and 6 weeks, clinical as well as electric pulp tests were carried out. Asymptomatic patients were re-called after 6 weeks; follow-up radiograph was taken. Electric pulp testing and thermal testing was done to check the pulpal status of the teeth. This was followed by atraumatic extraction, and the teeth were sent for histological examination. SPSS Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.was used for data analysis. Results: There was no pain and sensitivity in using Biodentine. Whereas, sensitivity and pain was noted when Dycal was used. The dentinal bridge was better with Biodentine when compared with Dycal. Conclusion: In accordance with the obtained results, it was concluded that on clinical and histological evaluation, Biodentine performed better as DPC agent. Subsequently, Biodentine is more dependable for the long-haul protection of dental pulp than Dycal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikhil Murali
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Priyank Rai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pacific Dental College and Research Center, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mubashir Baig Mirza
- Department of Conservative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Salim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - M Aparna
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, P.S.M College of Dental Science and Research, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Shalini Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr. H.S.R.S.M. Dental College and Hospital, Hingoli, Maharashtra, India
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Photobiomodulation therapy does not depend on the differentiation of dental pulp cells to enhance functional activity associated with angiogenesis and mineralization. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:1979-1988. [PMID: 34374881 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of InGaAlP diode laser (660 nm) with or without an odontogenic medium (OM) in the functional activity of OD-21 cells. Undifferentiated OD-21 pulp cells were cultivated with or without OM and divided into four groups (n = 5): nonirradiated control (C -), nonirradiated + OM (C +), irradiated (L -), and irradiated + OM (L +). Laser application was performed in two sessions of a 24-h interval with an irradiance of 11.3 mW/cm2, energy density of 1 J/cm2, and total cumulative energy/well of 4.6 J. Cell proliferation, VEGF-164 expression, mineralization, and expression of Alp, Runx2, and Dmp1 genes, as well as immunolocalization of RUNX2 and MEPE proteins, were evaluated. Data were analyzed by statistical tests (α = 0.05). All studied groups showed a similar increase in cell proliferation with or without OM. After 7 and 10 days, a significatively higher concentration of VEGF-164 in L - group when compared to C - group was observed. A significant increase in mineralized nodules in the L + was noted when compared to C + in the same conditions. Photobiomodulation upregulated significantly Runx2 and Dmp1 expression after 10 days in L - and after 7 days in L + , with downregulation of Dmp1 after 10 days in L + group. Immunolocalization of RUNX2 and MEPE was expressive after 7 days of culture in the cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus with a decrease after 10 days, regardless of the presence of OM. Photobiomodulation enhances metabolism associated with angiogenesis, gene expression, and mineralization regardless of the odontogenic medium in OD-21 cells.
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Biocompatibility and Antibiofilm Properties of Calcium Silicate-Based Cements: An In Vitro Evaluation and Report of Two Clinical Cases. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060470. [PMID: 34073519 PMCID: PMC8226987 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Calcium silicate-based cements are successfully applied in the different fields of endodontics and vital pulp therapy. To better assess the properties of these bioactive materials, the present in vitro and in vivo study aimed to compare the biocompatibility and antibiofilm properties of ProRoot MTA and Biodentine. Human osteogenic sarcoma (Saos-2) cells were cultured in the presence of both materials and evaluated. Moreover, the bioactive cements were in vivo applied to perform vital pulp therapy on immature permanent teeth affected by reversible pulpitis. Saos-2 cells’ viability was slightly greater in the presence of ProRootMTA than Biodentine and cells would grow in a better way on ProRootMTA disks than on Biodentine ones. Moreover, ProRootMTA showed a powerful antibiofilm effect towards Streptococcus mutans. The in vitro results were clinically supported by a 100% success rate after 2 years of follow-up. Abstract Calcium silicate-based cements have reached excellent levels of performance in endodontics, providing predictable and successful results. To better assess the properties of these bioactive materials, the present study aimed to compare the biocompatibility and antibiofilm properties of ProRoot MTA and Biodentine. Human osteogenic sarcoma (Saos-2) cells were cultured on ProRoot MTA and Biodentine samples or in the presence of both cement extracts. Cell viability assay, measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), immunofluorescence analysis, as well as morphological evaluations were conducted. Moreover, Streptococcus mutans was used to assess the biofilm forming ability on ProRoot MTA and Biodentine disks. Finally, both cements were applied in vivo to treat immature permanent teeth affected by reversible pulpitis. Results: Cell viability assay demonstrated that Saos-2 cells had a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity to both analyzed cements, although cells exposed to ProRoot MTA showed a better cell vitality than those exposed to Biodentine (p < 0.001). Both cements demonstrated ROS production while this was greater in the case of Biodentine than ProRoot MTA (p < 0.001). Immunofluorescence images of the cytoskeleton and focal adhesions showed no differences in Saos-2 cells grown in the presence of ProRoot MTA eluate; whereas in the Biodentine groups, cells showed a morphology and focal adhesions more similar to that of the control sample, as the eluate concentration decreased. Morphological analysis revealed that Saos-2 cells were more flattened and exhibited better spreading when attached to ProRoot MTA disks than to Biodentine ones. The antibiofilm properties showed a time-dependent powerful inhibition of S. mutans superficial colonization and an antibiofilm effect of both cements. Clinically, complete root formation of the treated elements was achieved using the two studied cements, showing stable results over time. ProRoot MTA and Biodentine was demonstrated to be biocompatible and to possess antibiofilm properties. Their clinical application in vital pulp therapy provided successful outcomes after 2 years of follow-up.
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Song W, Li S, Tang Q, Chen L, Yuan Z. In vitro biocompatibility and bioactivity of calcium silicate‑based bioceramics in endodontics (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:128. [PMID: 34013376 PMCID: PMC8136140 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium silicate-based bioceramics have been applied in endodontics as advantageous materials for years. In addition to excellent physical and chemical properties, the biocompatibility and bioactivity of calcium silicate-based bioceramics also serve an important role in endodontics according to previous research reports. Firstly, bioceramics affect cellular behavior of cells such as stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, fibroblasts and immune cells. On the other hand, cell reaction to bioceramics determines the effect of wound healing and tissue repair following bioceramics implantation. The aim of the present review was to provide an overview of calcium silicate-based bioceramics currently applied in endodontics, including mineral trioxide aggregate, Bioaggregate, Biodentine and iRoot, focusing on their in vitro biocompatibility and bioactivity. Understanding their underlying mechanism may help to ensure these materials are applied appropriately in endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Song
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shue Li
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Zhenglin Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Qi X, Liu C, Li G, Luan H, Li S, Yang D, Zhou Z. Investigation of in vitro odonto/osteogenic capacity of cannabidiol on human dental pulp cell. J Dent 2021; 109:103673. [PMID: 33872753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vital pulp treatment (VPT) maintains tooth vitality with certain dental materials by protecting pulp from noxious stimulation and promoting repair through enhancing cell proliferation/differentiation, migration, and inducing odontogenesis. As a non-psychotropic cannabis constituent, cannabidiol (CBD) possesses the properties of analgesic, anti-inflammation, and osteogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesize that CBD may induce the odonto/osteogenesis of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs), a critical feature using as effective pulp capping agent for VPT. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro study, the cytotoxicity of CBD on HDPCs was determined by MTT assay. Scratch assay was performed to analyze HDPC migration. The biomineralization was examined by collagen synthesis and calcium nodule formation and related odonto/osteogenic and angiogenic genes. Cannabinoid receptor (CB) specificity was evaluated by Western blotting and Von Kossa staining using specific antagonists AM251 for cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and AM 630 targeted at cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2). In addition, the underlying molecular mechanism of CBD-induced biomineralization were investigated by examining CB-dependent MAPK signaling pathways. RESULTS CBD demonstrated bi-phasic effects on HDPC viability in tested concentrations. We found CBD significantly promoted cell migration, enhanced collagen synthesis and mineralized deposits in HDPCs when treated by 1 μM CBD supplemented in the differentiation media. RT-PCR revealed CBD increased the expression of angiogenic and odontogenic genes, such as DSPP, DMP-1, OPN, ALP, Runx2, VEGFR1 and ICAM-1. These effects were via MAPK activation in a manner mainly mediated by CB2. CONCLUSION The results from this study suggested that CBD can induce odonto/osteogenesis from HDPCs and has the potential to develop new therapeutics in VPT in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Qi
- Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, 48208, USA; Department of Periodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, 48208, USA; Department of Orthodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, 48208, USA
| | - Haipei Luan
- Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, 48208, USA
| | - Shujuan Li
- Department of Periodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Dongru Yang
- Department of Periodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, 48208, USA.
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Regeneration of pulp-dentin complex using human stem cells of the apical papilla: in vivo interaction with two bioactive materials. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5317-5329. [PMID: 33630165 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the regenerative properties of human stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAPs) embedded in a platelet-rich plasma (PRP) scaffold, when implanted in vivo using an organotypic model composed of human root segments, with or without the presence of the bioactive cements - ProRoot MTA or Biodentine. MATERIAL AND METHODS SCAPs were isolated from third molars with incomplete rhizogenesis and expanded and characterized in vitro using stem cell and surface markers. The pluripotency of these cells was also assessed using adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation protocols. SCAPs together with a scaffold of PRP were added to the root segment lumen and the organotypic model implanted on the dorsal region of immunodeficient rats for a period of 4 months. RESULTS Presence of SCAPs induced de novo formation of dentin-like and pulp-like tissue. A barrier of either ProRoot MTA or Biodentine did not significantly affect the fraction of sections from roots segments observed to contain deposition of hard material (P > 0.05). However, the area of newly deposited dentin was significantly greater in segments containing a barrier of Biodentine compared with ProRoot MTA (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE SCAPs offer a viable alternative to other dental stem cells (DSCs) in their regenerative properties when enclosed in the microenvironment of human tooth roots. The present study also suggests that the presence of bioactive materials does not hinder or impede the formation of new hard tissues, but the presence of Biodentine may promote greater mineralized tissue deposition.
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Qi X, Liu C, Li G, Al-Alfe D, Paurazas S, Askar M, Yang D, Zhou Z. Evaluation of Cannabinoids on the Odonto/Osteogenesis in Human Dental Pulp Cells In Vitro. J Endod 2021; 47:444-450. [PMID: 33352148 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabinoids possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and osteogenic effects in different cell types and tissues. The null hypothesis is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) might induce dental tissue repair and regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of THC on human dental pulp cell (HDPC) viability and biomineralization as well as the molecular mechanism of THC-induced odonto/osteogenic differentiation of HDPCs. METHODS The toxicity of THC on HDPCs was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The odonto/osteogenic differentiation marker genes of HDPCs were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction with or without THC treatment. HDPC biomineralization was examined by collagen synthesis and calcium nodule deposition. The molecular mechanism of THC on HDPCs was investigated by examining the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway via blocking cannabinoid receptor type 1 or 2 receptors. RESULTS We found that THC had no inhibition of HDPC vitality in the testing concentration (0-100 μmol/L). THC showed biphasic effects on HDPC proliferation. At a low dose (<5 μmol/L), THC considerably increased HDPC cell division. HDPC proliferation reduced with higher THC concentrations (>5 μmol/L). The expression of odonto/osteogenic marker genes were up-regulated in the presence of cannabinoids. These were confirmed by increased collagen synthesis and mineralized calcium nodule formation in the cannabinoid group. The effect of THC-induced odonto/osteogenesis occurred via MAPK signaling. CONCLUSIONS THC was biocompatible to HDPCs by promoting their mitogenic division in a biphasic pattern depending on the concentration. THC induced HDPC odonto/osteogenic differentiation through the activation of MAPK mediated by CB1 and CB2 receptors. Cannabinoids may play an important role in the HDPC regeneration process and potentially be used as a pulp-capping agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Qi
- Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dalia Al-Alfe
- Graduate Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Susan Paurazas
- Graduate Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Mazin Askar
- Graduate Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dongru Yang
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University and Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Graduate Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan.
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Rathinam E, Govindarajan S, Rajasekharan S, Declercq H, Elewaut D, De Coster P, Martens L, Leybaert L. The calcium dynamics of human dental pulp stem cells stimulated with tricalcium silicate-based cements determine their differentiation and mineralization outcome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:645. [PMID: 33436827 PMCID: PMC7804324 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signalling plays an indispensable role in dental pulp and dentin regeneration, but the Ca2+ responses of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) stimulated with tricalcium silicate-based (TCS-based) dental biomaterials remains largely unexplored. The objective of the present study was to identify and correlate extracellular Ca2+ concentration, intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, pH, cytotoxicity, gene expression and mineralization ability of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) stimulated with two different TCS-based biomaterials: Biodentine and ProRoot white MTA. The hDPSCs were exposed to the biomaterials, brought in contact with the overlaying medium, with subsequent measurements of extracellular Ca2+ and pH, and intracellular Ca2+ changes. Messenger RNA expression (BGLAP, TGF-β, MMP1 and BMP2), cytotoxicity (MTT and TUNEL) and mineralization potential (Alizarin red and Von Kossa staining) were then evaluated. Biodentine released significantly more Ca2+ in the α-MEM medium than ProRoot WMTA but this had no cytotoxic impact on hDPSCs. The larger Biodentine-linked Ca2+ release resulted in altered intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, which attained a higher maximum amplitude, faster rise time and increased area under the curve of the Ca2+ changes compared to ProRoot WMTA. Experiments with intracellular Ca2+ chelation, demonstrated that the biomaterial-triggered Ca2+ dynamics affected stem cell-related gene expression, cellular differentiation and mineralization potential. In conclusion, biomaterial-specific Ca2+ dynamics in hDPSCs determine differentiation and mineralization outcomes, with increased Ca2+ dynamics enhancing mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elanagai Rathinam
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Special Care, PAECOMEDIS Research Cluster, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Srinath Govindarajan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sivaprakash Rajasekharan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Special Care, PAECOMEDIS Research Cluster, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heidi Declercq
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB-Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter De Coster
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Oral Biology, Dental School, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Martens
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Special Care, PAECOMEDIS Research Cluster, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Department of Basic And Applied Medical Sciences - Physiology Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Thakkar R, Kini S, Kamath S, Guleria V, Ballal V, Acharya S. Evaluation of Sealing Ability of Biodentine to Root-End Cavities Irrigated either with Maleic Acid or Irritrol Using Glucose Filtration Model. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Kishan K, Parikh M, Shah N, Parikh M, Saklecha P. Comparative evaluation of biodentine and endosequence root repair material as direct pulp capping material: A clinical study. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:330-335. [PMID: 35282571 PMCID: PMC8896135 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_321_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The study was designed to clinically evaluate biodentine and endosequence root repair material (ERRM) as direct pulp capping agent at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months intervals. Materials and Methods: Sixty permanent posterior teeth with deep caries, without any signs of irreversible pulpitis were allotted into two experimental groups: Group I -Biodentine, Group II-ERRM. Follow-up evaluations were done. Every 24 h for 7 days, the pain was assessed using visual analog scale. Statistical Analysis: Paired t-test along with Pearson's Chi-square test was performed. Results: The success rate of clinical assessment at 12 months for biodentine group is 78.60% and ERRM Group is 64.70%. Conclusion: Biodentine group performed superior than ERRM group clinically at all-time interval and hence it can be successfully used to restore exposed vital tooth.
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Yadav S, Anthrayose P, Aggarwal A, Nawal R, Talwar S. Microscopic and elemental characterization of hydrated dental pulp capping agents. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:496-501. [PMID: 35399764 PMCID: PMC8989166 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_460_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Characteristics of dental pulp capping agents may influence its interaction with the pulpal cells and can impact the treatment outcome. Aims: This study aims to microscopically characterize various pulp capping agents following hydration. Settings and Design: Original research. Materials and Methods: Disk-shaped specimens of five calcium silicate-based materials, i.e., mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Angelus, Biodentine, TheraCal LC, ApaCal ART, and Endocem MTA were prepared. After final set, the materials were immersed in 10 mL of deionized water for 14 days at 37°C. The set materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis along with pH analysis of the storage solution using pH meter. Results: On SEM analysis, all the materials showed crystalline deposition on the cement surface with Biodentine exhibiting the most dense and homogenous microstructure. Calcium-silicate-hydrate and calcium hydroxide (CH) were observed as dark-grey and light-grey matrix material, respectively. EDX analysis revealed a high concentration of calcium. The other major elements were oxygen and carbon. The surface calcium concentration in the tested specimens was as follows: Biodentine (42.59 wt.%) > MTA Angelus (38.51wt.%) > Endocem MTA (30.24wt.%) > TheraCal LC (27.51wt.%) > ApaCal ART (22.02wt.%). On XRD analysis, all the materials exhibited peaks for tricalcium silicate and CH, after 14 days of hydration. Conclusions: The higher surface calcium level in Biodentine and MTA Angelus may enhance reparative dentin formation. The surface calcium concentration of Endocem MTA and ApaCal ART was found to be lesser than that of MTA Angelus, but with the added advantage of fast-setting property. Hence, they are potential alternative materials for vital pulp therapy.
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Ertuğrul C, Ertuğrul İ. The effect of current pulp capping materials against intrapulpal temperature increase in primary teeth. An in-vitro study by pulpal microcirculation simulation model. J Dent Sci 2021; 16:85-90. [PMID: 33384782 PMCID: PMC7770289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Widespread use of light-cured materials has raised the issue of possible thermal effects on pulp tissue. It was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of pulp capping materials (PCM) against intrapulpal temperature increases (ITI) in primary teeth during light-curing of compomers in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Class-I cavity was prepared on the primary mandibular second molar tooth. An experimental mechanism was used for pulpal microcirculation and temperature regulation of the tooth. There are eight groups in the study: in Groups 1-6: MTA-Angelus, Biodentine, TheraCal LC, Dycal, conventional Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) and resin-modified GIC were used as PCM, respectively. In Group-7 no PCM was used. In Group-8 only light was applied to the cavity without any PCM or compomer. Compomer restorations were applied in Groups 1-7 with the same material (Dyract XP, DENTSPLY, Weybridge, UK) and light cured for 10sec with the same light-curing unit (Kerr, Demi Plus, 1200 mW/cm2). Temperature changes (Δt) in the pulp chamber were measured and statistically analysed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests. RESULTS The highest Δt-value (4.57 ± 0.11 °C) was measured in Group-4 and 7. The lowest Δt-value (3.94 ± 0.4 °C) was measured in Group-8. Δt-values measured in the Groups 2, 3 and 6 were significantly lower than the values measured in Group-4 and 7 (p = 0.001). ITI during the light-curing of the PCM used in Group-3 and 6 exceeded the critical value (5.5 °C) reported in the literature. CONCLUSION In protecting the pulp from the harmful thermal effects of restorative procedures Biodentine which is a self-cured material, may be most acceptable choice as an indirect PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.Ç. Ertuğrul
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - İ.F. Ertuğrul
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Samiei M, Aghazadeh Z, Abdolahinia ED, Vahdati A, Daneshvar S, Noghani A. The effect of electromagnetic fields on survival and proliferation rate of dental pulp stem cells. Acta Odontol Scand 2020; 78:494-500. [PMID: 32191156 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1734655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) can affect biological systems and alter some cell functions like proliferation rate. Dental pulp tissue is known as a source of multipotent stromal stem cells (MSCs), which can be obtained by a less invasive and more available process compared to bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs). This study aimed to consider the effect of ELF-EMF on proliferation rates of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).Material and methods: ELF-EMF was generated by a system including autotransformer, multi-meter, solenoid coils, teslameter and its probe. The effect of ELF-EMF with the intensity of 0.5 and 1 mT and 50 Hz on the proliferation rate of hDPSCs was assessed in 20 and 40 min per day for 7 days. MTT assay and DAPI test were used to determine the growth and proliferation of DPSCs.Results: Based on MTT, ELF-EMF has maximum effect with the intensity of 1 mT for 20 min/day on the proliferation of hDPSCs. The survival and proliferation rate in all exposure groups were significantly higher than the control group. Based on the data obtained from MTT and DAPI assay, the number of viable cells in the group exposed to 1 mT for 20 min/day was higher than other groups (p < .05).Conclusions: Regarding to the results of this study, 0.5 and 1 mT ELF-EMF can enhance survival and proliferation rates of hDPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Samiei
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Aghazadeh
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Dalir Abdolahinia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Vahdati
- Dental Public Health Program, Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Sabalan Daneshvar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Atefe Noghani
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Chicarelli LPG, Webber MBF, Amorim JPA, Rangel ALCA, Camilotti V, Sinhoreti MAC, Mendonça MJ. Effect of Tricalcium Silicate on Direct Pulp Capping: Experimental Study in Rats. Eur J Dent 2020; 15:101-108. [PMID: 32898869 PMCID: PMC7902116 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
Conduct a histological comparison of the pulp response to different materials, with a focus on the continuity and morphology of the mineralized barrier after direct pulp capping.
Materials and Methods
One hundred and eight maxillary first molars of 54 Wistar rats were subject to direct pulp capping and divided into three groups according to the materials used: calcium hydroxide (CH), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and Biodentine. All cavities were sealed, and the animals were euthanized at 7, 14, and 21 days. Descriptive histological evaluation of the inflammation and formation of the mineralized barrier was performed.
Statistical Analysis
Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, which was complemented by the Dunn test; differences with
p
< 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results
The results showed that MTA and Biodentine elicited less intense inflammatory reactions than CH. With respect to the formation and quality of the dentin barrier formed, differences were observed at 21 days between the analyzed groups; the best results being obtained following treatment with MTA and Biodentine.
Conclusion
MTA and Biodentine induced formation of a more continuous and uniform mineralized barrier with less intense pulp response than CH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana B F Webber
- Dental School, State University of Western Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - João P A Amorim
- Dental School, State University of Western Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana L C A Rangel
- Dental School, State University of Western Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Mario A C Sinhoreti
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio J Mendonça
- Dental School, State University of Western Paraná, Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil
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Effect of Naturally Occurring Biogenic Materials on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSC): an In Vitro Study. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-020-00170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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41
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Souza TA, Bezerra MM, Silva PGB, Costa JJN, Carneiro RFLA, Barcelos JOF, Vasconcelos BC, Chaves HV. Bone morphogenetic proteins in biomineralization of two endodontic restorative cements. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:348-357. [PMID: 32830897 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effect of biodentine (BD) and MTA-angelus (MTA) on biocompatibility, BMP2, BMP4, and osteocalcin (OC) expression. Subcutaneously implanted tubes of four groups (MTA, BD, Control, and Sham) were kept over 15, 30, and 60 days; histological analyses were performed using H&E and Von Kossa; ELISA quantified IL-1β and IL-8 expression; and qRT-PCR verified gene expression of BMPs and OC. Sham showed slight changes in profile/intensity of inflammatory infiltrate in all periods. Control had an inflammatory score significantly higher than Sham at 15 days (p < .05). BD revealed a similar inflammatory response to Sham, without significant changes over periods. MTA group exhibited an increase in chronic inflammatory profile at 30 days, with significant reduction at 60 days, when compared to Sham (p < .05). At 30/60 days, experimental groups presented birefringent areas. At 30/60 days, BD and MTA significantly increase IL-1β compared to Control, whereas an increase in IL-8 was observed only in BD. At 30/60 days, BD produces an expression of BMP2 whereas MTA influenced BMP4 and OC. Materials tested are biocompatible and they have osteoinductive activity; the materials influenced the expression of the tested mediators differently, suggesting different affinities with the substrate and the dental substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara A Souza
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará-Campus Sobral, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mirna M Bezerra
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará-Campus Sobral, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.,Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo G B Silva
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José J N Costa
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará-Campus Sobral, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno C Vasconcelos
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Dental School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Hellíada V Chaves
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará-Campus Sobral, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Dental School, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil
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Ahuja S, Surabhi K, Gandhi K, Kapoor R, Malhotra R, Kumar D. Comparative Evaluation of Success of Biodentine and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate with Formocresol as Pulpotomy Medicaments in Primary Molars: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020; 13:167-173. [PMID: 32742096 PMCID: PMC7366755 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The study was designed to evaluate and compare the success of Biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in comparison to formocresol as pulpotomy medicaments over 9 months of the follow-up period. Materials and methods The sample of 60 deciduous molars of patients aged 4–7 years were incorporated in the study. The molars were randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups. Following coronal pulp removal and achieving hemostasis, the radicular pulp was covered with either Biodentine or MTA (experimental groups). In the control group, a cotton pellet soaked with diluted formocresol (one-fifth dilution of Buckley's formocresol) was placed over the radicular pulp for 1 minute. All pulpotomized molars were later restored with stainless steel crowns (SSCs). Results The achieved clinical success over 9 months of the follow-up period was 100, 95, and 70% with Biodentine, MTA, and formocresol, respectively. The achieved radiographic success over 9 months of the follow-up period was 95, 60, and 25% with Biodentine, MTA, and formocresol, respectively. Conclusion Favorable biological, physical, mechanical, and good manipulation properties of Biodentine show that this material can be used efficiently as a pulpotomy medicament in the clinical practice. How to cite this article Ahuja S, Surabhi K, Gandhi K, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Success of Biodentine and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate with Formocresol as Pulpotomy Medicaments in Primary Molars: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(2):167–173.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Ahuja
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumari Surabhi
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kapil Gandhi
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabh Kapoor
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ritika Malhotra
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dipanshu Kumar
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Barczak K, Palczewska-Komsa M, Nowicka A, Chlubek D, Buczkowska-Radlińska J. Analysis of the Activity and Expression of Cyclooxygenases COX1 and COX2 in THP-1 Monocytes and Macrophages Cultured with Biodentine TM Silicate Cement. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062237. [PMID: 32213831 PMCID: PMC7139705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BiodentineTM is a material based on hydrated calcium silicate with odontotropic properties. However, from the clinician’s perspective, every material used to fill a tooth—even those showing the optimal biochemical parameters—is in fact a foreign body introduced to the organism of the host. Therefore, apart from the chemical parameters of such materials, equally important is the so-called biocompatibility of such materials. The aim of the study was to investigate whether BiodentineTM, used in the regeneration of the pulp-dentine complex, may affect the expression of the enzymes cyclooxygenase 1 (COX1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) in THP-1 monocytes/macrophages and the amount of prostanoids synthesized by these enzymes-precursors of biologically active prostanoids such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane (TXB2) which are mediators of inflammation. An original aspect of this research is the use of the THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cell model and the use of biomaterial in direct contact with cells. In this way we tried to reflect the clinical conditions of regenerative pulp and periodontal tissue treatment using BiodentineTM. The results of our study showed a lack of macrophage activation (measured by flow cytometry) and a lack of stimulation of the expression of the studied cyclooxygenase enzymes (measured by Western blotting and fluorescent microscopy), as well as a lack of increase in the concentration (measured by ELISA method) of their inflammatory mediators (PGE2 and TXB2) in vitro incubated with BiodentineTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Barczak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.P.-K.); (A.N.); (J.B.-R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-914-661-648
| | - Mirona Palczewska-Komsa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.P.-K.); (A.N.); (J.B.-R.)
| | - Alicja Nowicka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.P.-K.); (A.N.); (J.B.-R.)
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Jadwiga Buczkowska-Radlińska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.P.-K.); (A.N.); (J.B.-R.)
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Rankin R, Lundy FT, Schock BC, Zhang S, Al‐Natour B, About I, Irwin C, Linden GJ, El‐Karim IA. A connectivity mapping approach predicted acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) to induce osteo/odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2020; 53:834-845. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Rankin
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - F. T. Lundy
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - B. C. Schock
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - S.‐D. Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences University of Ulster Derry~Londonderry UK
| | - B. Al‐Natour
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - I. About
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS ISM Inst Movement Sci Marseille France
| | - C. Irwin
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - G. J. Linden
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - I. A. El‐Karim
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK
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Bio-Inductive Materials in Direct and Indirect Pulp Capping-A Review Article. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13051204. [PMID: 32155997 PMCID: PMC7085085 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The article is aimed at analyzing the available research and comparing the properties of bio-inductive materials in direct and indirect pulp capping procedures. The properties and clinical performances of four calcium-silicate cements (ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, RetroMTA, Biodentine), a light-cured calcium silicate-based material (TheraCal LC) and an enhanced resin-modified glass-ionomer (ACTIVA BioACTIVE) are widely discussed. A correlation of in vitro and in vivo data revealed that, currently, the most validated material for pulp capping procedures is still MTA. Despite Biodentine’s superiority in relatively easier manipulation, competitive pricing and predictable clinical outcome, more long-term clinical studies on Biodentine as a pulp capping agent are needed. According to available research, there is also insufficient evidence to support the use of TheraCal LC or ACTIVA BioACTIVE BASE/LINER in vital pulp therapy.
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Biocompatibility of Biodentine™ ® with Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: In Vitro Study. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8010017. [PMID: 32046292 PMCID: PMC7148534 DOI: 10.3390/dj8010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodentine™ is a tricalcium silicate-based cement material that has a great impact on different biological processes of dental stem cells, compared to other biomaterials. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the optimum biocompatible concentration of Biodentine™ with stem cells derived from periodontal ligament (hPDLSCs) by determining cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, migration, adhesion and mineralization potential. hPDLSCs were treated with Biodentine™ extract at different concentrations; 20, 2, 0.2 and 0.02 mg/mL. Cells cultured without Biodentine™ were used as a blank control. The proliferation potential of hPDLSCs was evaluated by MTT viability analysis for 6 days. Cytotoxicity assay was performed after 3 days by using AnnexinV/7AAD. Migration potential was investigated by wound healing and transwell migration assays at both cellular and molecular levels. The expression levels of chemokines CXCR4, MCP-1 and adhesion molecules FGF-2, FN, VCAM and ICAM-1 were measured by qPCR. The communication potentials of these cells were determined by adhesion assay. In addition, mineralization potential was evaluated by measuring the expression levels of osteogenic markers; ALP, OCN, OPN and Collagen type1 by qPCR. Our results showed significant increase in the proliferation of hPDLSCs at low concentrations of Biodentine™ (2, 0.2 and 0.02 mg/mL) while higher concentration (20 mg/mL) exhibited cytotoxic effect on the cells. Moreover, 2 mg/mL Biodentine™ showed a significant increase in the migration, adhesion and mineralization potentials of the derived cells among all concentrations and when compared to the blank control. Our findings suggest that 2 mg/mL of Biodentine™ is the most biocompatible concentration with hPDLSCs, showing a high stimulatory effect on the biological processes.
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Fracture resistance of simulated immature roots using Biodentine and fiber post compared with different canal-filling materials under aging conditions. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:1333-1338. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Yaemkleebbua K, Osathanon T, Nowwarote N, Limjeerajarus CN, Sukarawan W. Analysis of hard tissue regeneration and Wnt signalling in dental pulp tissues after direct pulp capping with different materials. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1605-1616. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Yaemkleebbua
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok Thailand
| | - T. Osathanon
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research UnitChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok Thailand
| | - N. Nowwarote
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok Thailand
| | - C. N. Limjeerajarus
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - W. Sukarawan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Regenerative DentistryChulalongkorn UniversityBangkok Thailand
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Bjørndal L, Simon S, Tomson PL, Duncan HF. Management of deep caries and the exposed pulp. Int Endod J 2019; 52:949-973. [PMID: 30985944 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Caries prevalence remains high throughout the world, with the burden of disease increasingly affecting older and socially disadvantaged groups in Western cultures. If left untreated, caries will advance through dentine stimulating pulpitis and eventually pulp infection and necrosis; however, if conservatively managed, pulpal recovery occurs even in deep carious lesions. Traditionally, deep caries management was destructive with nonselective (complete) removal of all carious dentine; however, the promotion of minimally invasive biologically based treatment strategies has been advocated for selective (partial) caries removal and a reduced risk of pulp exposure. Selective caries removal strategies can be one-visit as indirect pulp treatment or two-visit using a stepwise approach. Management strategies for the treatment of the cariously exposed pulp are also shifting with avoidance of pulpectomy and the re-emergence of vital pulp treatment (VPT) techniques such as partial and complete pulpotomy. These changes stem from an improved understanding of the pulp-dentine complex's defensive and reparative response to irritation, with harnessing the release of bioactive dentine matrix components and careful handling of the damaged tissue considered critical. Notably, the development of new pulp capping materials such as mineral trioxide aggregate, which although not an ideal material, has resulted in more predictable treatments from both a histological and a clinical perspective. Unfortunately, the changes in management are only supported by relatively weak evidence with case series, cohort studies and preliminary studies containing low patient numbers forming the bulk of the evidence. As a result, critical questions related to the superiority of one caries removal technique over another, the best pulp capping biomaterial or whether pulp exposure is a negative prognostic factor remain unanswered. There is an urgent need to promote minimally invasive treatment strategies in Operative Dentistry and Endodontology; however, the development of accurate diagnostic tools, evidence-based management strategies and education in management of the exposed pulp are critical in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bjørndal
- Cariology and Endodontics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Simon
- Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.,Hôpital de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France.,Laboratoire IN SERM UMR 1138, Paris, France
| | - P L Tomson
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - H F Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Biodentine ™ Boosts, WhiteProRoot ®MTA Increases and Life ® Suppresses Odontoblast Activity. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12071184. [PMID: 30978943 PMCID: PMC6479701 DOI: 10.3390/ma12071184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: When pulp exposure occurs, reparative dentinogenesis can be induced by direct pulp capping to maintain the vitality and function of the tissue. The aim of this work was to assess the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of three different direct pulp capping materials, calcium hydroxide (Life®), mineral trioxide aggregate (WhiteProRoot®MTA) and calcium silicate (Biodentine™), in an odontoblast-like mouse cell line (MDPC-23). (2) Methods: Metabolic activity was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test (MTT)assay, viability by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, and the type of death and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry. Alkaline phosphatase was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and dentin sialoprotein expression was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Mineralization was determined by the Alizarin Red S colorimetric assay and quantified by spectrophotometry. (3) Results: Life® induced a decrease in metabolic activity and viability, which is associated with an increase cell death. WhiteProRoot®MTA and Biodentine™ induced similar effects in cytotoxicity assays, with an increase in the expression of dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and formation of mineralized deposits, especially with Biodentine™. (4) Conclusions: The results of WhiteProRoot®MTA confirm its indication for these therapies, justifying its recognition as the “gold standard”. Biodentine™ may be an alternative, since they promote the same cellular response that mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) does.
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