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Furlan RD, Alcalde MP, Vivan RR, Klymus ME, Limoeiro AGS, Duarte MAH, de Vasconcelos BC. Influence of Different Apical Foramen Morphologies on the Accuracy of Four Electronic Foramen Locators. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38698613 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Root ZX II (RZX), Raypex 6 (RAY), EPex Pro (EPEX), and CanalPro (CNP) electronic foramen locators (EFLs) in different foraminal morphologies (fully formed foramen, immature foramen with parallel walls, and immature foramen with divergent walls); this article also evaluated the influence of different penetration levels (0.0 mm and -1.0 mm). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty single-rooted human premolars were accessed and had their cervical/middle thirds prepared with SX ProTaper files. The apical foramens (AF) were standardized to 250 µm and the initial root canal length (RCL1) was measured under 16x magnification with aid of a digital caliper. Using the alginate model, electronic measurements (EM) were taken 1.0 mm up to AF (EM1/-1) and at AF (EM1/0), always using adjusted hand K-files. The root apexes were then cross-sectioned 3.0 mm from the foramen; then, new RCL (RCL2) and electronic measurements were performed (EM2/-1 and EM2/0.0). Finally, retropreparations were performed with instruments SX ProTaper files introduced 4.0 mm in the apicocervical direction. Then new RCL (RCL3) and electronic measurements (EM3/-1 and EM3/0) were performed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Values were tabulated and tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test, which yielded nonparametric distributions of the data. Data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests to estimate possible differences between devices as a function of foramen morphology and/or apical limit. The significance level was set at 5.0%. RESULTS In general, the EFLs were accurate in determining the RCL. Statistically significant differences were observed between EPEX and RAY at 0.0, when measuring the divergent AF canals (p < 0.05). Regarding the different foramen morphologies in each EFL, RZX and EPEX showed no interference (p > 0.05), whereas RAY and CNP had lower accuracy levels at 0.0 with divergent AF (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The four devices evaluated are accurate to determine the RCL in the conditions tested. The apical limit of penetration did not have significant influence on their accuracy. Conversely, the presence of divergence in the AF walls negatively influenced de RAY and CNP precisions at the foraminal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan D Furlan
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Murilo P Alcalde
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Vivan
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Michel E Klymus
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana G S Limoeiro
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco A H Duarte
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno C de Vasconcelos
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- School of Dentistry of Sobral, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Sobral, Sobral, CE, Brazil
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Eren İ, Sarıyılmaz Ö, Eren H, Sarıyılmaz E, Uslu G. Can ultrasonography be used to determine working length in endodontic treatment? An in vitro study. Odontology 2024; 112:453-459. [PMID: 37819467 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate efficacy of ultrasonography (USG) in determining working length in in-vitro conditions. Twenty five access cavities of maxillary incisor teeth were opened and actual working lengths (AWL) were measured with dental operating microscope. The working length were then measured with an electronic apex locator and USG. USG and apex locator measurements were statistically analyzed using one sample t-test and compared with AWL. The mean AWL measurment was 20.68 mm. USG measured the working length slightly longer (21.09 mm) than the measurements of apex locator (20.64 mm). Statistical analysis showed that the USG method provided similar measurements to electronic apex locators and with no statistical difference with actual working length (P < .05). USG emerges as a promising method for working length measurement that allows simultaneous visualization of root tip anatomy in cases where electronic apex locators may be insufficient and there is buccal cortical bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrem Eren
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Öznur Sarıyılmaz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Hakan Eren
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Kepez Çanakkale TR, Sahilyolu Cd No:5, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - Evren Sarıyılmaz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Uslu
- Private Practice, Idadent Diş Kliniği, Çanakkale, Turkey
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de Almeida Gardelin V, Vinholes JIAM, Grazziotin-Soares R, Pappen FG, Barletta FB. Influence of rotary and reciprocating kinematics on the accuracy of an integrated apex locator. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:202-208. [PMID: 36401568 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated in vitro the influence of nickel-titanium instruments kinematics on the accuracy and variation of root canal working length measurements, performed with an integrated apex locator, at glide path and at the end of shaping. Forty-four mandibular incisors, included in an alginate model, were allocated at random to two groups: reciprocating and rotary. Working length was determined at glide path stage and at the end of shaping. Measurements given by the integrated apex locator were matched with visual measurements. The apex locator accuracy was based on inter-group comparison. The variation in working length was based on intra-group comparison. Kinematics influenced the accuracy of measurements only after shaping (p < 0.05), and not in the glide path (p > 0.05). Rotary had values closer to the visual measurements. Diminishing of measures occurred after shaping for reciprocating (p < 0.05); and at glide-path stage for rotary (p > 0.05). The integrated apex locator was more accurate with rotary kinematics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renata Grazziotin-Soares
- Endodontics Division, Oral Biological and Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, UBC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Nam J, Piasecki L, Kwak D, Hong JH, Jung IY, Park SH, Cho SY. Variations in the morphology of apical constriction affecting electronic readings: An in vitro investigation using 3D-printed tooth models. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:245-252. [PMID: 36448774 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the interference of apical constriction position and diameter on the accuracy of electronic apex locators using 3D-printed tooth models. Single-rooted tooth models with the same length, canal taper and major foramen, but variation in apical constriction position or size, were designed and 3D-printed. A mounting model was custom-made for precise measurement of both marks (0.5 and APEX/0.0) of two electronic apex locators. The electronic measurements of both devices were correlated significantly to the major foramen rather than apical constriction. The mean measurements of the group with 0.45 mm in apical constriction width were significantly shorter than those of the other groups for both marks of the two devices (p < 0.05). The variations in apical constriction position and width negatively affected the precision of the 0.5 mark of the tested devices. The 0.0 or APEX mark was consistently located the major foramen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Nam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Kyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Lucila Piasecki
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Doun Kwak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Kyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Hong
- Department of Policy Research Affairs, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Kyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Il-Young Jung
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Park
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sin-Yeon Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Kyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Paiva HC, Akisue E, de Miranda Candeiro GT, de Lima Scardini I, Caldeira CL, Gavini G. Influence of heat treatment of nickel-titanium instruments on the accuracy of an electronic apex locator integrated with endodontic motor. J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:596-599. [PMID: 36591588 PMCID: PMC9795698 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_260_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Manufacturers have produced a wide variety of nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys, but the available literature is limited on the accuracy of some integrated electronic apex locators (EAL) used with different NiTi heat treatments in working length (WL) determination. Aim This study aims to evaluate ex vivo , the influence of different heat treatments of NiTi instruments, and the diameter of the apical preparation on the accuracy of an EAL used during root canal preparation using an integrated EAL and motor unit. Materials and Methods Nineteen extracted human mandibular incisors were included in the study. The WL control was determined by the visual method. Instruments of Mtwo, Reciproc, Reciproc Blue, WaveOne Gold, Twisted File Adaptive, and Hyflex CM systems, with diameters from 0.25 mm to 0.50 mm, were used to measure WL during root canal preparation. The electrical resistivity of instruments with a diameter of 0.25 mm from each system was evaluated using an Inductance, Capacitance, and Resistance (LCR) meter. Statistical Analysis Used Data were statistically analyzed using Fisher's exact test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results The different heat treatments and different diameters did not influence the precision of the EAL (P > 0.05). Conclusion The heat treatment and the diameter of the apical preparation did not influence the accuracy of WL determination by an EAL integrated with the endodontic motor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Akisue
- Department of Endodontics, Santa Cecília University, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Giulio Gavini
- Department of Endodontics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bernardo RCFD, Alves LS, Bruno AMV, Coutinho TMC, Gusman H. The accuracy of electronic apex locators for determining working length: An in vitro study with artificial teeth. AUST ENDOD J 2020; 47:217-221. [PMID: 33368839 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the accuracy of four electronic apex locators (EALs) (I-Root, Propex Pixi, Novapex and Bassi iRoot Apex), using artificial mandibular and maxillary permanent molars. The root length (RL) from 40 artificial teeth was initially determined with Kerr hand files. Then, the electronic RL were obtained for the same root canals with each EAL, and the results were compared with those obtained using hand files. The accuracy of the EALs was determined through analysis of the divergences observed in relation to the lengths obtained with files. All EALs were effective for determining the RL in the artificial teeth, showing results similar to those obtained by hand. The Bassi iRoot Apex had higher accuracy (96.7%) than the Propex Pixi (89.1%) and Novapex (85.8%) (P < 0.05). Based on the results, all EALs tested had a similar performance, and artificial teeth may be used to determine the accuracy of these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel C F D Bernardo
- Department of Dental Clinic, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Louise S Alves
- Department of Dental Clinic, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adilia M V Bruno
- Department of Dental Clinic, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais M C Coutinho
- Department of Dental Clinic, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Gusman
- Department of Dental Clinic, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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El Hachem R, Wassef E, Mokbel N, Abboud R, Zogheib C, El Osta N, Naaman A. Influence of the Maxillary Sinus on the Accuracy of the Root ZX Apex Locator: An Ex Vivo Study. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7010003. [PMID: 30609762 PMCID: PMC6473460 DOI: 10.3390/dj7010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the accuracy of the Root ZX (J. Morita, Tokyo, Japan) electronic apex locator in determining the working length when palatal maxillary molar roots are in a relationship with the sinus. Seventeen human maxillary molars with vital pulp were scheduled for an extraction and implant placement as part of a periodontal treatment plan. The access cavity was prepared, and a #10 K file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) was inserted into the palatal root using the Root ZX apex locator in order to determine the electronic working length (EWL); then, the teeth were extracted. To determine the real working length (RWL), a #10 K file was introduced into the root canal until its tip touched a glass plate. EWL and RWL were compared. Images reconstructed with CBCT (cone beam computerized tomography) revealed that eight palatal roots were related to the maxillary sinus, whereas nine were not. The results showed a significant difference between the EWL and the RWL of the palatal roots related to the sinus (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in measurements of roots not in contact with the sinus (p > 0.05). Within the study limitations, the reliability of Root ZX was influenced by the relationship of the roots with the maxillary sinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roula El Hachem
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, P.O. Box 11-5076 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
| | - Elie Wassef
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, P.O. Box 11-5076 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
| | - Nadim Mokbel
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, P.O. Box 11-5076 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
| | - Richard Abboud
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Radiology, Saint Joseph University, B.P. 11-514 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon.
| | - Carla Zogheib
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, P.O. Box 11-5076 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
| | - Nada El Osta
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saint Joseph University, B.P. 11-514 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon.
| | - Alfred Naaman
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint Joseph University, P.O. Box 11-5076 Riad el-Solh, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon.
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Piasecki L, José dos Reis P, Jussiani EI, Andrello AC. A Micro–computed Tomographic Evaluation of the Accuracy of 3 Electronic Apex Locators in Curved Canals of Mandibular Molars. J Endod 2018; 44:1872-1877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Haupt F, Hülsmann M. Consistency of electronic measurements of endodontic working length when using multiple devices from the same manufacturer-an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2018. [PMID: 29516188 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the consistency of electronic determination of endodontic working length obtained from four identical electronic root canal length measurement devices (ERCLMD) from five different types of ERCLMD each under various in vitro conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight extracted teeth, seven single-rooted teeth, and one molar were accessed. Root length was measured and instruments were inserted and fixed with the tip placed beyond and short of the apical constriction, in roots with an artificial perforation or an open apex. Devices tested were Root ZX (Morita, Kyoto, Japan), Dentaport ZX (Morita), Apex ID (SybronEndo, Glendora, USA), ProPex II (Dentsply Maillefer, Victoria, Australia), and Raypex 6 (VDW-Antaeos, Munich, Germany). Teeth were irrigated with different solutions (NaOCl, EDTA, CHX). ERCLMDs were connected and measurements were recorded. Consistency was classified by the scores 0-4. Comparisons were carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). For multiple testing, the level of significance was adjusted and analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Among the five types of ERCLMD, Apex ID and Raypex 6 showed the highest consistency. There was no statistically significant difference between the settings and conditions. Raypex 6 showed the highest consistency for measurements in case of a perforation. CONCLUSION Different devices from one type of ERCLMD show a high consistency. Nevertheless, general statements on the accuracy of one type of ERCLMD taken from studies investigating only one device per type should be drawn with caution. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The study refers to the reliability and repeatability of determination of endodontic working length by using ERCLMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Haupt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - M Hülsmann
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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Oliveira TN, Vivacqua-Gomes N, Bernardes RA, Vivan RR, Duarte MAH, Vasconcelos BC. Determination of the Accuracy of 5 Electronic Apex Locators in the Function of Different Employment Protocols. J Endod 2017; 43:1663-1667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Accuracy of 2 Endodontic Rotary Motors with Integrated Apex Locator. J Endod 2017; 43:1716-1719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ekici MA, Helvacıoğlu Kıvanç B, Ekici A. Comparison of the accuracies of multi-frequency electronic apex locators in teeth with enlarged apical foramina: ex vivo. ACTA ODONTOLOGICA TURCICA 2017. [DOI: 10.17214/gaziaot.315396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Sübay RK, Kara Ö, Sübay MO. Comparison of four electronic root canal length measurement devices. Acta Odontol Scand 2017; 75:325-331. [PMID: 28355939 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1307447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of four electronic root canal length measurement devices (ERCLMDs) [Root ZX, Raypex 6, ProPex II, and VDW Gold with ERCLMD] in wet and dry root canals with different major foramen diameters, in association with three file positions within the final 1 mm of canals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty roots were divided into five groups that were instrumented apically to the terminus diameter using K-files 15, 20, 30, 40, and 60. ERCLMD measurements were made when the file tip was at major foramen, 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm short of the foramen, when the apex touched to the surface of saline or was immersed 3 mm into saline, and when the canal was dry or was irrigated with saline. The differences between the electronic lengths and the actual lengths were calculated. The data were analyzed using the three-, two-, and one-way ANOVA and the LSD test (p < .05). RESULTS Overall, the four ERCLMDs demonstrated 12.8% unstable and beyond the foramen measurements (11.3%). About 85% of the beyond the foramen measurements had foramen diameters 0.40 and 0.60. ERCLMD comparisons related to the file positions in the foramen diameters showed significant differences between ERCLMDs in each foramen diameter (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS All ERCLMDs provided highly accurate measurements within the final 1 mm of the foramen. Wet or dry canals and apex conditions did not adversely affect the accuracy of the ERCLMDs' readings. ProPex II located the file positions in the teeth with different foramen diameters more accurately than the other ERCLMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüstem Kemal Sübay
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul Aydın University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Kara
- Okmeydanı Dental Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Ordulu Sübay
- Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
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The Use of Micro–Computed Tomography to Determine the Accuracy of 2 Electronic Apex Locators and Anatomic Variations Affecting Their Precision. J Endod 2016; 42:1263-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Evaluation of the Maintenance of the Apical Limit during Instrumentation with Hybrid Equipment in Rotary and Reciprocating Modes. J Endod 2015; 41:682-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Aydin U, Karataslioglu E, Aksoy F, Yildirim C. In vitro evaluation of Root ZX and Raypex 6 in teeth with different apical diameters. J Conserv Dent 2015; 18:66-9. [PMID: 25657531 PMCID: PMC4313483 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.148899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a growing interest about electronic apex locators for working length determination. There are several studies dealing with their performance in different conditions. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of Root ZX and Raypex 6 in teeth with different apical diameters. Materials and Methods: Actual working length (AWL) of 80 single rooted teeth were determined as 0.5 mm short of apical foramen. The teeth were divided into 4 groups (n = 20). First group (G 0) included teeth with mature apices. Root canals of the other groups (G 32, G 57 and G 72) were enlarged until apical sizes of 0.32, 0.57 and 0.72 mm were obtained. Samples were embedded in alginate and electronic measurements (EM) were performed. Statistical analysis: was achieved with Fisher exact test. Results: Both devices revealed a high rate of success in G 0 and G 32. Their accuracy decreased significantly in G 57 and G 72 groups (P < 0.05). Intra-group results of Root ZX and Raypex 6 were similar (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Root ZX and Raypex 6 are reliable in teeth with mature apices. At foramen diameters exceeding 0.57 mm, their accuracy is susceptible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Aydin
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Emrah Karataslioglu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Fatih Aksoy
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Cihan Yildirim
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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