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Barbero-Navarro I, Irigoyen-Camacho ME, Zepeda-Zepeda MA, Ribas-Perez D, Castaño-Seiquer A, Sofian-Pauliuc I. Understanding the Dynamics of Inflammatory Cytokines in Endodontic Diagnosis: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1099. [PMID: 38893626 PMCID: PMC11171959 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14111099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this literature review is to delineate the key inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathophysiology of pulp inflammation. By elucidating the roles of these cytokines, a deeper comprehension of the distinct stages of inflamed pulp can be attained, thereby facilitating more accurate diagnostic strategies in endodontics. The PRISMA statement and Cochrane handbook were used for the search strategy. The keywords were created based on the review question using the PICO framework. The relevant studies were meticulously assessed according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria for this systematic review. A rigorous quality checklist was implemented to evaluate each included study, ensuring scrutiny for both quality and risk-of-bias assessments. The initial pilot search conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and WoS databases yielded 9 pertinent articles. Within these articles, multiple cytokines were identified and discussed as potential candidates for use in endodontic diagnosis, notably including IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-2. These cytokines have been highlighted due to their significant roles in the inflammatory processes associated with pulp pathology. The identification of specific inflammatory cytokines holds promise for enhancing endodontic diagnostic procedures and exploring diverse treatment modalities. However, the current body of research in this area remains limited. Further comprehensive studies are warranted to fully elucidate the potential of cytokines in refining diagnostic techniques in endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Ribas-Perez
- Dental School, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (I.B.-N.)
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Júnior RDSR, Bergamin BDO, Bastos AGR, Silva AMPD, Pires FR, Ferreira DDC, Armada L. Interleukin 17 expression in periapical lesions from elderly patients. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2024; 44:863-867. [PMID: 37814401 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the expression of IL-17 in periapical lesions (cysts and granulomas) among elderly individuals and adults. We selected 20 periapical lesions of the elderly (12 granulomas and eight cysts) and 20 periapical lesions of adults (12 granulomas and eight cysts). MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was performed using a specific antibody for IL-17. The slides were subdivided into five high magnification fields and then the images were observed through an optical microscope. According to the number of positive markings for the antibody, grades were given, ranging from 0 to 2. RESULTS The results demonstrate that there was no statistical difference when comparing the expression of IL-17 between cysts and granulomas of both groups (study group: cysts 0.7 ± 0.21 × granulomas 0.96 ± 0.58, p = .61; control group: cysts 0.37 ± 0.16 × granulomas 0.31 ± 0.23, p = .27). The comparison between adult (control group) and elderly patients (study group) showed a statistical difference both in cysts (study group: 0.7 ± 0.21 × control group: 0.37 ± 0.16, p = .007) and in granulomas (study group: 0.96 ± 0.58 × control group: 0.31 ± 0.23, p = .0009), in which elderly patients had a higher expression of interleukin 17, in relation to adult patients. CONCLUSION We concluded that elderly patients have a higher expression of IL-17 in both cysts and granulomas, when compared to adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fábio Ramôa Pires
- Post-graduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Armada
- Post-graduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Rodrigues RCV, Porpino MTM, Dessaune-Neto N, Antunes HS, Pinto KMMC, Provenzano JC, Pires FR, Siqueira JF, Armada L. Correlation Between Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression and Clinical Data in Apical Granuloma. J Endod 2024; 50:499-505. [PMID: 38311115 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was intended to evaluate the expression of inflammatory cytokines commonly secreted by CD4+ T cells (IL-2, IL-5, IL-17, TGF-β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) in apical granulomas and correlate with the clinical conditions and time elapsed since root canal treatment. METHODS Eighteen biopsy specimens obtained by periradicular surgery of teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis and diagnosed as apical granuloma were available from the oral pathology laboratory. Silanized slides containing paraffin sections were used for immunohistochemical reactions. Images were analyzed by using an optical microscopy and each slide was subdivided into 5 fields at high magnification. RESULTS IFN-γ and TGF-β were the cytokines with the highest expression levels. There were statistically significant differences when comparing IL-2 and IFN-γ (P < .05), and IL-2 and TGF-β (P < .05). Comparison between the detected cytokines and clinical data and time of treatment demonstrated significant correlation (P < .05) between lower expression of IL-2 and the presence of painful symptoms, absence of sinus tract, and treatments performed more than 4 years before. It was also possible to observe a significant correlation between lower expression of IL-5 and treatments performed less than 4 years before (P < .05). CONCLUSION IFN-γ and TGF-β were highly expressed in apical granulomas. However, only IL-2 and IL-5 levels were associated with clinical data and time since previous root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata C V Rodrigues
- Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Faculty of Dentistry, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana T M Porpino
- Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nilton Dessaune-Neto
- Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Henrique S Antunes
- Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karina M M C Pinto
- Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José C Provenzano
- Faculty of Dentistry, Experimental Research Department, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio R Pires
- Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José F Siqueira
- Faculty of Dentistry, Experimental Research Department, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Armada
- Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Faculty of Dentistry, Experimental Research Department, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Guilherme Neto JL, Rodrigues Venturini LG, Schneider AH, Taira TM, Duffles Rodrigues LF, Veras FP, Oliveira SR, da Silva TA, Cunha FQ, Fukada SY. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Aggravate Apical Periodontitis by Stimulating Osteoclast Formation. J Endod 2023; 49:1514-1521. [PMID: 37619708 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been described as structures composed of DNA and proteins, such as elastase and myeloperoxidase, that are able to kill bacteria extracellularly. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of NETs in bone resorption observed in pulp infection-induced apical periodontitis in mice. METHODS Apical periodontitis was experimentally induced by exposing the dental pulp of the mandibular first molar of mice to the oral microenvironment. The expression of NETs was evaluated by immunofluorescence in mice and biopsies of apical periodontitis. Mice were treated with vehicle or DNase I to degrade NETs, and the samples were collected after 7 days. The size of the apical lesion and the osteoclast number were determined in hematoxylin-eosin- and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-stained sections, respectively. Osteoclast differentiation and function markers were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The level of NETs in the serum was determined by the myeloperoxidase-DNA PicoGreen assay. RESULTS We first confirmed the presence of neutrophils and NETs at the site of the lesion in mice and in biopsies of patients with apical periodontitis. The treatment of mice with DNase I reduced the level of NETs in the serum and led to a reduction in apical lesion size and alveolar bone resorption. This effect was associated with a reduction of local inflammatory infiltrate and a reduced number of osteoclasts. We found that the increased expression of Acp5, Ctsk, and Rankl genes associated with osteoclast formation and function were abrogated by the absence of NETs. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight NETs as an important player in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis with regard to the local inflammation and consequent bone resorption after pulp infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Luiz Guilherme Neto
- Laboratory of Bone Biology, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gabriel Rodrigues Venturini
- Laboratory of Bone Biology, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ayda Henriques Schneider
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaise Mayumi Taira
- Laboratory of Bone Biology, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Fernanda Duffles Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Bone Biology, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Protásio Veras
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sicília Rezende Oliveira
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Dentistry School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tarcília Aparecida da Silva
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Dentistry School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Yasuyo Fukada
- Laboratory of Bone Biology, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Apical Periodontitis from Diabetic Patients. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:4961827. [PMID: 36819640 PMCID: PMC9937771 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4961827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has been regarded as a condition capable of influencing the evolution of periapical lesions. Therefore, this study evaluated the immunoexpression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-17 in apical periodontitis from type 2 diabetic patients through immunohistochemistry. Twenty-six periapical lesions were selected, and the images obtained through immunohistochemistry reactions were analyzed. The statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. IL-1β expression was considered focal (54%), weak to moderate (38%), and strong (8%) in diabetics, and focal (46%), weak to moderate (31%), and strong (23%), in controls. TNF-α was focal (85%) and weak to moderate (15%) in diabetics, and focal (92%) and weak to moderate (8%), in controls. IL-17 was focal (8%), weak to moderate (46%), and strong (46%) in diabetics, and focal (62%), weak to moderate (8%), and strong (30%), in controls. The quantitative analysis revealed greater expression of IL-17, with a significant difference between IL-17 × IL-1β × TNF-α(p=0.0009) in the diabetic group. The cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α did not express statistical differences between the tested groups. The IL-17 showed higher immunoexpression in the diabetic group (p=0.047), which may suggest higher bone resorption activity in chronic apical periodontitis in this group of patients.
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MAIT cells and their implication in human oral diseases. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1041-1054. [PMID: 35781343 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unique innate-like T cells that are abundant in humans, accounting for 1-10% of circulating T cells and about 2% of total T cells in human oral cavity. MAIT cells can mount a strong immune response quickly without exogenous antigens and undergo a phenotypic transformation in the development of diseases. They produce cytokines involved in the Th1 and Th17 immune response and cytotoxic proteins, promote the dysfunction of autoreactive B cell and inhibit the function of NK cells. MAIT cells have been widely explored in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and tumors, and these mechanisms may also be involved in the pathogenesis of some oral diseases, while MAIT cells have not been systematically discussed in oral diseases. METHODS We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Microsoft Bing databases to review and analyze relevant literatures on the impact of MAIT cells in the pathogenesis of human oral diseases. CONCLUSION Collected evidence elucidated the characteristics of MAIT cells and emphasized the potential roles of MAIT cells in oral lichen planus (OLP), chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), apical periodontitis (AP) and primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS).
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Valente WAS, Barrocas D, Armada L, Pires FR. Expression of epithelial growth factors and of apoptosis-regulating proteins, and presence of CD57+ cells in the development of inflammatory periapical lesions. J Appl Oral Sci 2022; 30:e20210413. [PMID: 35195153 PMCID: PMC8860407 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that stimulate the proliferation of epithelial cells in inflammatory periapical lesions are not completely understood and the literature suggests that changes in the balance between apoptosis and immunity regulation appear to influence this process.
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Teixeira QE, Ferreira DDC, da Silva AMP, Gonçalves LS, Pires FR, Carrouel F, Bourgeois D, Sufiawati I, Armada L. Aging as a Risk Factor on the Immunoexpression of Pro-Inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α Cytokines in Chronic Apical Periodontitis Lesions. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010014. [PMID: 35053012 PMCID: PMC8772771 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Persistent inflammatory responses in the elderly may act as modifiers on the progression and repair of chronic apical periodontitis lesions (CAPLs). While the involvement of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in inflammatory responses and, particularly, in CAPL has been documented, their expression in elderly patients needs to be further characterized. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CAPL from elderly individuals with young/middle-aged individuals. Thirty CAPL (15 cysts and 15 granulomas) from elderly patients (>60 years) and 30 CAPL (15 cysts and 15 granuloma) from young/middle-aged individuals (20–56 years) were selected. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed against IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. The slides were subdivided into five high-magnification fields and analyzed. The number of positive stains was evaluated for each antibody. There was no significant difference between the cytokines when the cysts and granuloma were compared in the two groups. In the young/middle-aged, only IL-1β showed a difference and was significantly higher in granulomas (p = 0.019). CAPL pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the elderly were significantly higher than in young/middle-aged individuals (p < 0.05). The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher in CAPL in the elderly compared with the young/middle-aged group. Further elaborate research studies/analyses to elucidate the reasons for and consequences of inflammation in the elderly are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quésia Euclides Teixeira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (Q.E.T.); (D.d.C.F.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (L.S.G.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (Q.E.T.); (D.d.C.F.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (L.S.G.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Alexandre Marques Paes da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (Q.E.T.); (D.d.C.F.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (L.S.G.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Lucio Souza Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (Q.E.T.); (D.d.C.F.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (L.S.G.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Fabio Ramoa Pires
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (Q.E.T.); (D.d.C.F.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (L.S.G.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Florence Carrouel
- Health, Systemic, Process (P2S), UR 4129 Research Unit, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France;
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (L.A.); Tel.: +55-21-2497-898 (L.A.)
| | - Denis Bourgeois
- Health, Systemic, Process (P2S), UR 4129 Research Unit, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Irna Sufiawati
- Department of Oral Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;
| | - Luciana Armada
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (Q.E.T.); (D.d.C.F.); (A.M.P.d.S.); (L.S.G.); (F.R.P.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (L.A.); Tel.: +55-21-2497-898 (L.A.)
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Altaie AM, Venkatachalam T, Samaranayake LP, Soliman SSM, Hamoudi R. Comparative Metabolomics Reveals the Microenvironment of Common T-Helper Cells and Differential Immune Cells Linked to Unique Periapical Lesions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707267. [PMID: 34539639 PMCID: PMC8446658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periapical abscesses, radicular cysts, and periapical granulomas are the most frequently identified pathological lesions in the alveolar bone. While little is known about the initiation and progression of these conditions, the metabolic environment and the related immunological behaviors were examined for the first time to model the development of each pathological condition. Metabolites were extracted from each lesion and profiled using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in comparison with healthy pulp tissue. The metabolites were clustered and linked to their related immune cell fractions. Clusters I and J in the periapical abscess upregulated the expression of MMP-9, IL-8, CYP4F3, and VEGF, while clusters L and M were related to lipophagy and apoptosis in radicular cyst, and cluster P in periapical granuloma, which contains L-(+)-lactic acid and ethylene glycol, was related to granuloma formation. Oleic acid, 17-octadecynoic acid, 1-nonadecene, and L-(+)-lactic acid were significantly the highest unique metabolites in healthy pulp tissue, periapical abscess, radicular cyst, and periapical granuloma, respectively. The correlated enriched metabolic pathways were identified, and the related active genes were predicted. Glutamatergic synapse (16–20),-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, lipophagy, and retinoid X receptor coupled with vitamin D receptor were the most significantly enriched pathways in healthy control, abscess, cyst, and granuloma, respectively. Compared with the healthy control, significant upregulation in the gene expression of CYP4F3, VEGF, IL-8, TLR2 (P < 0.0001), and MMP-9 (P < 0.001) was found in the abscesses. While IL-12A was significantly upregulated in cysts (P < 0.01), IL-17A represents the highest significantly upregulated gene in granulomas (P < 0.0001). From the predicted active genes, CIBERSORT suggested the presence of natural killer cells, dendritic cells, pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in different proportions. In addition, the single nucleotide polymorphisms related to IL-10, IL-12A, and IL-17D genes were shown to be associated with periapical lesions and other oral lesions. Collectively, the unique metabolism and related immune response shape up an environment that initiates and maintains the existence and progression of these oral lesions, suggesting an important role in diagnosis and effective targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Muayad Altaie
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thenmozhi Venkatachalam
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lakshman P Samaranayake
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Costa Neto H, Andrade ALDLD, Carmo AFD, Freitas RDA, Galvão HC. Involvement of tryptase-positive mast cells and angiogenesis in the growth of inflammatory odontogenic cysts. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e061. [PMID: 34076187 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory periapical lesions are characterized by infiltration of different immune cell types, the functions of which depend on an effective vascular network. This study aimed to evaluate the mast cells density (MCD) in inflamatory odontogenic cysts capsules concerning microvascular density (MVD), microvascular area (MVA), and microvascular perimeter (MVP), and correlate such findings with the type of lesion, intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate, and thickness of the epithelial lining. Twenty inflamatory dentigerous cysts (IDCs), twenty radicular cysts (RCs), and twenty residual radicular cysts (RRCs) were submitted to immunohistochemical analysis using anti-tryptase and anti-CD34 antibodies. RCs exhibited the highest MCD, MVD, MVA, and MVP indexes (p = < 0.001, p = 0.008, p = 0.003 and p = < 0.001, respectively), and lesions with inflammatory infiltrate grade III showed the highest MVD (p = 0.044). Considering epithelial thickness, a higher MVP index was identified in lesions with hyperplastic epithelium (p = 0.018). In IDCs, RCs, and RRCs, a strong positive correlation was observed between MVA and MVP (r = 0.950 and p = < 0.001; r = 0.914 and p = < 0.001; r = 0.713 and p = < 0.001, respectively). In IDCs, a moderate correlation was observed between MCD and both MVA and MVP (r = 0.660 and p = 0.002; r = 0.634 and p = 0.003, respectively). These results suggest that tryptase-positive mast cells might play an important role in the angiogenic activity of IDCs, while RCs had the highest indexes. Our findings also confirmed that the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate and epithelial thickness influence angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Costa Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Department of Dentistry, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Hébel Cavalcanti Galvão
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN, Department of Dentistry, Natal, RN, Brazil
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11
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Thuller KABR, Armada L, Valente MI, Pires FR, Vilaça CMM, Gomes CC. Immunoexpression of Interleukin 17, 6, and 1 Beta in Primary Chronic Apical Periodontitis in Smokers and Nonsmokers. J Endod 2021; 47:755-761. [PMID: 33548327 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to compare the immunoexpression of biomarkers interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6, and IL-1β in primary chronic apical periodontitis in smokers and nonsmokers. METHODS Teeth with primary chronic apical periodontitis indicated for extraction in 16 cigarette smokers and 16 nonsmokers were selected. Silanized sections of tissue were used for immunohistochemical analysis after being stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histopathologic categorization. Subsequently, the images were analyzed with an optical microscope, and each slide was subdivided into 5 high-magnification fields, with scores (0-2) being assigned according to the amount of staining for each antibody. RESULTS The qualitative analysis of IL-17 cytokine expression showed no focal expression in 5.8%, weak to moderate expression in 17.6%, and strong expression in 76.4% of the smokers and no focal expression in 78.5% and weak to moderate expression in 21.4% of the nonsmokers. IL-6 expression was negative to focal in 13.3%, weak to moderate in 53.3%, and strong in 33.3% of the smokers and negative to focal in 33.3%, weak to moderate in 25%, and strong in 41.6% of the nonsmokers. IL-1β expression was weak to moderate in 87.5% and negative to focal expression in 12.5% of the smokers and negative to focal expression in 100% of the nonsmokers. Quantitative evaluation of the data using the Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant difference in the immunoexpression of IL-17 (P < .0001) and IL-1β (P < .0001) and no significant difference in the immunoexpression of IL-6 (P = .46) between the 2 groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The cytokines IL-17 and IL-1β were more highly expressed in smokers than nonsmokers, whereas IL-6 expression was similar in the 2 groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A B R Thuller
- Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Armada
- Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Valente
- Department of Specific Formation, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Ramoa Pires
- Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiano M M Vilaça
- Postgraduate Program, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cinthya Cristina Gomes
- Department of Specific Formation, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Pereira MF, Pires FR, Armada L, Ferreira DC, Carrouel F, Bourgeois D, Gonçalves LS. Expression of Inflammatory Markers RANK, MMP-9 and PTHrP in Chronic Apical Periodontitis from People Living with HIV Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9113611. [PMID: 33182451 PMCID: PMC7696029 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in primary chronic apical periodontitis lesions (CAPLs) between people living with HIV (PLWHIV) undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV- individuals, 32 CAPLs (16 lesions from each group) were submitted to histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses and compared between groups. The majority of the PLWHIV group had undetectable plasma viral loads (n = 13; 81.3%). The means of TCD4+ lymphocytes, exposure to HIV-1 and the time of the use of ART were 542.1 cells/mm3 (SD = 256.4), 6.3 years (SD = 2.9) and 5.0 years (SD = 2.5), respectively. Of all variables studied, only histopathological diagnosis showed a significant difference between groups (LWHIV: granuloma n = 11 (68.0%); cyst n = 5 (31.2%); HIV-: granuloma n = 15 (93.8%); cyst n = 1 (6.2%); p = 0.015). When comparing the expressions of the three inflammatory markers between the groups, no significant differences were seen. There was no difference in the expression of RANK, PTHrP and MMP-9 in primary chronic apical periodontitis lesions between PLWHIV under ART and HIV- individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Francisco Pereira
- Postgraduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (M.F.P.); (F.R.P.); (L.A.); (D.C.F.)
| | - Fabio Ramoa Pires
- Postgraduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (M.F.P.); (F.R.P.); (L.A.); (D.C.F.)
| | - Luciana Armada
- Postgraduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (M.F.P.); (F.R.P.); (L.A.); (D.C.F.)
| | - Dennis Carvalho Ferreira
- Postgraduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (M.F.P.); (F.R.P.); (L.A.); (D.C.F.)
| | - Florence Carrouel
- Laboratory “Health Systemic Process”, University Lyon 1, EA4129, 69008 Lyon, France; (F.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Denis Bourgeois
- Laboratory “Health Systemic Process”, University Lyon 1, EA4129, 69008 Lyon, France; (F.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Lucio Souza Gonçalves
- Postgraduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 22790-710, Brazil; (M.F.P.); (F.R.P.); (L.A.); (D.C.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Corazza BJM, Martinho FC, Khoury RD, Toia CC, Orozco EIF, Prado RF, Machado FP, Valera MC. Clinical influence of calcium hydroxide and N-acetylcysteine on the levels of resolvins E1 and D2 in apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2020; 54:61-73. [PMID: 32896000 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the presence of resolvins E1 (RvE1) and D2 (RvD2) in teeth with primary endodontic infections and apical periodontitis, and to assess the influence of calcium hydroxide medication [Ca(OH)2 ], in association with 2% chlorhexidine gel (2% CHX gel), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the levels of RvE1 and RvD2 in periapical tissues. METHODOLOGY Thirty-six single-rooted teeth with primary endodontic infections and apical periodontitis were selected and randomly divided into three groups according to the medication: [Ca(OH)2 ] + saline solution (SSL) [Ca(OH)2 + SSL group] (n = 12), Ca(OH)2 + 2% chlorhexidine gel [Ca(OH)2 + 2% CHX gel group] (n = 12) and NAC [NAC group] (n = 12). Samples were collected from the periapical interstitial fluid at two different sampling times: before (S1) and after 14 days of intracanal medications (S2). Resolvins were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analysed using paired t-test, Wilcoxon test and Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's post hoc test; all statistical tests were performed at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS RvE1 and RvD2 were detected in 100% of the samples (36/36) at S1 and S2. Ca(OH)2 medication did not increase the levels of RvE1 or RvD2 (both P > 0.05); however, NAC significantly increased the levels of RvE1 and RvD2 after 14 days of treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS RvE1 and RvD2 were detected in periapical tissues from teeth with root canal infections. Moreover, calcium hydroxide medication did not increase the levels of resolvins in apical periodontitis. In contrast, the use of NAC intracanal medication significantly increased the levels of RvE1 and RvD2 after 14 days of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J M Corazza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F C Martinho
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R D Khoury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C C Toia
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E I F Orozco
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R F Prado
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F P Machado
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C Valera
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontic Division, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Cilmiaty R, Pribadi N, Rukmo M, Surboyo MDC. The NFκB Expression on Apical Dental Granuloma: An Immunohistochemistry Analysis. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2020; 12:313-318. [PMID: 32848477 PMCID: PMC7425096 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s256284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endodontic treatment on dental caries with dental granuloma on the periapical has the potential to flare. The symptoms of acute flare in dental granuloma are strongly related to the activation of macrophages that produce pro-inflammatory cytokine through nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). However, the role of NFκB in dental granuloma has not been widely explained. Purpose To compare NFκB expression in dental granuloma and dental nongranuloma in the periapical of dental caries. Methods The periapical lesion of dental granuloma and dental nongranuloma was obtained from patients with dental caries who were subjected to tooth extraction. The periapical lesion was confirmed by periapical radiography and then differentiated by histological and immunohistochemistry by analyzing the NFκB expression. Results Most dental granulomas were found in females (66.67%) between the ages 36 and 45 (61.11%). Dental granuloma showed higher NFκB expression compared to dental nongranuloma lesions in tooth caries (p=0.021). Conclusion The dental granuloma tissue of dental caries showed an increase in NFκB expression. Understanding the role of NFκB might provide additional insights into the process of periapical lesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risya Cilmiaty
- Department of Oral Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nirawati Pribadi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mandojo Rukmo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Sarmento EB, Gomes CC, Pires FR, Pinto LC, Antunes LAA, Armada L. Immunoexpression of bone resorption biomarkers in apical periodontitis in diabetics and normoglycaemics. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1025-1032. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. B. Sarmento
- School of Dentistry Fluminense Federal University Nova Friburgo Brazil
| | - C. C. Gomes
- School of Dentistry Fluminense Federal University Nova Friburgo Brazil
| | - F. R. Pires
- School of Dentistry Estácio de Sá University Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - L. C. Pinto
- School of Dentistry Fluminense Federal University Nova Friburgo Brazil
| | - L. A. A. Antunes
- School of Dentistry Fluminense Federal University Nova Friburgo Brazil
| | - L. Armada
- School of Dentistry Estácio de Sá University Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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The use of crevicular fluid to assess markers of inflammation and angiogenesis, IL-17 and VEGF, in patients with solid tumors receiving zoledronic acid and/or bevacizumab. Support Care Cancer 2019; 28:177-184. [PMID: 31001696 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-04793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Crevicular fluid was used to assess interleukin-17 (IL-17) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cancer patients receiving zoledronic acid and/or bevacizumab. The markers were also assessed in the serum. METHODS Twenty-five patients were included and comprised three groups: patients who received zoledronic acid (n = 9), patients who received bevacizumab (n = 9), and patients who received zoledronic acid combined with bevacizumab (n = 5). One patient received zoledronic acid and everolimus and another received zoledronic acid, bevacizumab, and temsirolimus. IL-17 and VEGF were measured by standard quantitative ELISA kits and assessed in two study points. RESULTS Twenty-four patients maintained good periodontal health; one had asymptomatic osteonecrosis of the jaw. First assessment: 44 samples were collected; 21 from serum and 23 from crevicular fluid. Second assessment, 6 months later: 11 samples were collected; 6 from serum and 5 from crevicular fluid. IL-17 was detected in all samples, in serum and crevicular fluid, and remained unchanged at both time points. Serum VEGF in patients with bevacizumab alone or combined with zoledronic acid was significantly lower compared with that of patients who received zoledronic acid alone. VEGF was not detected in the crevicular fluid. CONCLUSIONS Crevicular fluid might be an easy, non-invasive means to assess IL-17. The stable values of IL-17 in crevicular fluid and serum and the lack of VEGF in the crevicular fluid could be related to the good periodontal health of our patients. Further studies are needed to assess IL-17 and VEGF in the crevicular fluid in patients with and without periodontal disease.
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Xiong H, Wei L, Peng B. The Presence and involvement of interleukin-17 in apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1128-1137. [PMID: 30859589 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Apical periodontitis (AP) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by periapical tissue inflammation and destruction of the associated alveolar bone. It is caused by microbial infections within the root canal and the resultant host immune responses in the periapical tissues. The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-17 has been shown to play an important role in many inflammatory diseases. There is increasing evidence of the presence of IL-17 in AP, which might be associated with disease pathogenesis. Moreover, several animal studies indicate the potential role of IL-17 in periapical inflammation and the resultant bone resorption in AP. This article reviews recent studies regarding the collective in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence of the presence and involvement of IL-17 in AP. A search related to IL-17 in apical periodontitis was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases using keywords and controlled vocabulary. Two independent reviewers first screened titles and abstracts and then the full texts that were included. A total of 25 papers were identified, of the 25 included articles, 7 involved laboratory studies on cell cultures, 11 involved animal experimentations, and 7 were observational studies using human clinical samples. In conclusion, evidence for the presence of IL-17 in AP from human and animal models is clear. However, there is relatively little information currently available that would highlight the specific role of IL-17 in AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xiong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - L Wei
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - B Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Virdee SS, Butt K, Grant M, Camilleri J, Cooper PR, Tomson PL. A systematic review of methods used to sample and analyse periradicular tissue fluid during root canal treatment. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1108-1127. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Virdee
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Institute of Clinical Sciences The University of Birmingham School of Dentistry Birmingham UK
| | - K. Butt
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Institute of Clinical Sciences The University of Birmingham School of Dentistry Birmingham UK
| | - M. Grant
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Institute of Clinical Sciences The University of Birmingham School of Dentistry Birmingham UK
| | - J. Camilleri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Institute of Clinical Sciences The University of Birmingham School of Dentistry Birmingham UK
| | - P. R. Cooper
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Institute of Clinical Sciences The University of Birmingham School of Dentistry Birmingham UK
| | - P. L. Tomson
- Department of Restorative Dentistry Institute of Clinical Sciences The University of Birmingham School of Dentistry Birmingham UK
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Lopes CB, Armada L, Pires FR. Comparative Expression of CD34, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, and Podoplanin and the Presence of Mast Cells in Periapical Granulomas, Cysts, and Residual Cysts. J Endod 2018; 44:1105-1109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Azuma MM, Gomes-Filho JE, Ervolino E, Cardoso CDBM, Pipa CB, Kawai T, Conti LC, Cintra LTA. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Reduce Inflammation in Rat Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2018; 44:604-608. [PMID: 29397217 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) on pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators were evaluated in a rat model of pulp exposure-induced apical periodontitis (AP). METHODS Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control, untreated rats (group C); control rats treated with ω-3 PUFAs (group C-O); rats with pulp exposure-induced AP (group AP); and rats with pulp exposure-induced AP treated with ω-3 PUFAs (group AP-O). Omega-3 PUFAs were administered orally once a day for 15 days before pulp exposure; this treatment was continued for 30 days after pulp exposure. The rats were sacrificed 30 days after pulp exposure, and their dissected jaws were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis to detect immunoreactivity for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-17, and IL-10 on the periapical bone surface. The results were statistically evaluated using analysis of variance and the Tukey post-test. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS Immunoreactivity for the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-17 was higher in the AP group than in the AP-O, C, and C-O groups (P < .05). Immunoreactivity for the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was lower in the AP group than in the AP-O group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs can modulate the inflammatory response in rat AP, decreasing levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-17 but increasing levels of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Maffei Azuma
- Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - João Eduardo Gomes-Filho
- Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Barbosa Pipa
- Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Periodontology, NOVA Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Leticia Citelli Conti
- Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Endodontics, Araçatuba Dental School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Naufel AO, Aguiar MCF, Madeira FM, Abreu LG. Treg and Th17 cells in inflammatory periapical disease: a systematic review. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e103. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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de Almeida NF, Brasil SDC, Ferreira DDC, Armada L. Aging effects in the expression of macrophages in post-treatment apical periodontitis lesions. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2017; 37:230-235. [PMID: 28873244 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the CD68 immunoexpression in post-treatment apical periodontitis lesions of older patients and compare them with lesions of younger/middle age adults. METHODS Biopsy specimens from 21 apical periodontitis lesions (12 granulomas and 9 cysts) were selected from older patients and 25 apical periodontitis lesions from younger/middle age adults (12 cysts and 13 granulomas) were selected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry using silanized slides with anti-CD68 antibody. The slides were subdivided in five high-power fields and the images were observed under an optical microscope to evaluate the epithelial and connective tissues. RESULTS The results showed that there was no statistical difference for the CD68 expression in epithelial tissue of cysts between younger/middle age adults and older patients. However, for the connective tissue of both cysts and granulomas, there was a statistical difference between the two age groups. There was a statistical difference between the epithelial and the connective tissues in cysts of younger/middle age adults, and also when the epithelial tissue of the cysts was compared with connective tissue of the granuloma. In the group of older patients, there was no statistical difference between the connective tissue of the cysts and granulomas. CONCLUSION The intensity of the macrophage staining was greater in the connective tissue of cysts and granulomas alike in the younger/middle age adult patients, suggesting that these cells participate actively in this tissue. Immune responses in older patients may be compromised, suggesting that there is a greater tendency for the endodontic treatment of these patients to fail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Universidade Estacio de Sa, 37873, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Veiga de Almeida, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Armada
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Universidade Estacio de Sa, 37873, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Rodrigues JT, Dos Santos Antunes H, Armada L, Pires FR. Influence of surgical decompression on the expression of inflammatory and tissue repair biomarkers in periapical cysts. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017; 124:561-567. [PMID: 28822696 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2017.06.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The biologic effects of surgical decompression on the epithelium and connective tissues of periapical cysts are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of tissue repair and inflammatory biomarkers in periapical cysts before and after surgical decompression. STUDY DESIGN Nine specimens of periapical cysts treated with decompression before undergoing complete enucleation were immunohistochemically analyzed to investigate the expression of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, Ki-67, and epidermal growth factor receptor. Expression of the biomarkers was classified as positive, focal, or negative. Ki-67 immunoexpression was calculated as a cell proliferation index. The expression of the biomarkers was compared in the specimens from decompression and from the final surgical procedure. RESULTS Computed tomography demonstrated that volume was reduced in all cysts after decompression. There were no differences in the immunoexpression of the proinflammatory and tissue repair biomarkers when comparing the specimens obtained before and after the decompression. CONCLUSIONS Surgical decompression was efficient in reducing the volume of periapical cysts before complete enucleation. When comparing the specimens obtained from surgical decompression and from complete surgical removal, the immunohistochemical analysis did not show a decrease in proinflammatory biomarkers; neither did it show an increase in tissue repair biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luciana Armada
- Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio Ramôa Pires
- Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Garg P, Chaman C. Apical Periodontitis - Is It Accountable for Cardiovascular Diseases? J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZE08-12. [PMID: 27656588 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/19863.8253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to assess the relationship between apical periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases and the predictive factors regarding this association. Cross sectional and observational studies have been included, which are mostly retrospective. A comprehensive search was performed in the Systematic Electronic Databases, PUBMED and MEDLINE from 1919 till September 2014. Articles were also hand searched. From 86 studies identified, all were read and 58 articles which were relevant were included in the text. Some articles were excluded because they were pertaining to periodontology and other systemic disorders. Some were solely animal studies and were thus excluded. Our results suggest an independent association between cardiovascular diseases and apical periodontitis. A causal relationship could not be established since weak parameters of risk have been assessed in the studies, population taken is difficult to compare and other confounding factors have not been ruled out. Only a more focused and better instituted scientific research can determine this association. Establishing a cause and effect relationship between apical periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases can affect the course of treatment of cardiovascular diseases. It is not only of interest from the scientific point of view but also from public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paridhi Garg
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Consevative Dentistry and Endodontics, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital , Sahibabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chandrakar Chaman
- Reader, Department of Consevative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Centre , Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. India
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Gama TGV, Pires FR, Armada L, Gonçalves LS. Cellular Profile and Expression of Immunologic Markers in Chronic Apical Periodontitis from HIV-infected Patients Undergoing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. J Endod 2016; 42:921-7. [PMID: 27118467 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study tested the hypothesis that the inflammatory cell profile (CD3-, CD4-, CD8-, CD20-, and CD68-positive cells) and the expression of immunologic markers (tumor necrosis factor α, interferon-γ, interleukin-6, and interleukin-18) in chronic apical periodontitis are the same between non-HIV-infected patients and HIV-infected patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS Thirty-four surgically excised chronic apical periodontitis lesions were sampled from 34 patients (17 HIV-infected and 17 non-HIV-infected). The lesions were extracted from teeth with no previous endodontic treatment. All HIV-infected patients were undergoing HAART. The specimens were submitted to histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses by using an optical microscope. Immunoexpression was graded into 2 levels, focal to weak and moderate to strong. The χ(2), Fisher exact, and Mann-Whitney tests were used to analyze all significant differences between groups. RESULTS Periapical cysts represented 70.6% and 52.9% of the lesions in the HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected groups, respectively; however, no statistically significant difference was observed (P = .481). There were no statistically significant differences between groups for the inflammatory cell profile and for any of the immunologic markers (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS There are no statistically significant differences of the cellular profile and expression of immunologic markers in chronic apical periodontitis between non-HIV-infected patients and HIV-infected patients undergoing HAART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Túlio Gustavo Veiga Gama
- Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio Ramoa Pires
- Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Armada
- Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucio Souza Gonçalves
- Post-graduation Program in Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Vidal F, Fontes TV, Marques TVF, Gonçalves LS. Association between apical periodontitis lesions and plasmatic levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 and fibrinogen in hypertensive patients. Int Endod J 2015; 49:1107-1115. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Vidal
- Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - T. V. Fontes
- Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - T. V. F. Marques
- Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - L. S. Gonçalves
- Faculty of Dentistry; Estácio de Sá University; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Bambirra W, Maciel KF, Thebit MM, de Brito LCN, Vieira LQ, Sobrinho APR. Assessment of Apical Expression of Alpha-2 Integrin, Heat Shock Protein, and Proinflammatory and Immunoregulatory Cytokines in Response to Endodontic Infection. J Endod 2015; 41:1085-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Leal ASM, de Oliveira AEF, Brito LMO, Lopes FF, Rodrigues VP, Lima KF, de Araújo Martins IC. Association between chronic apical periodontitis and low-birth-weight preterm births. J Endod 2015; 41:353-7. [PMID: 25576210 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to investigate the association between chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) and low-birth-weight preterm births (LBWPB). METHODS Sixty-three women in postpartum period were included in this case-control study. The case group consisted of mothers of LBWPB infants (n = 33), and the control group was represented by mothers of newborns at term (n = 30). The CAP diagnosis was performed by using periapical radiographs through the periapical index in postpartum period. The χ(2) test, Fisher exact test, and linear and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS It was observed that CAP was present in 54.5% of mothers in the case group and 20.0% in the control group (P = .004); postpartum women with CAP had about 3.5 times greater odds of LBWPB newborns than women without CAP (adjusted odds ratio, 3.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-12.32). Postpartum women who reported 6 or more prenatal consultations reduced odds of LBWPB newborns in 80% (adjusted odds ratio, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.06-0.69). It can be estimated that the increase of 1 unit of periapical index had a significant association with the reduction of 1½ gestational weeks in the crude analysis (β = -1.5, P = .010) and the reduction of 211 g in birth weight after the adjusted analysis (β = -211, P = .058). CONCLUSIONS Prematurity and low birth weight were associated with radiographically detected CAP. Women with CAP in postpartum period had greater odds of LBWPB.
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