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Wang Z, Zhang J, Sun X, Yu J, Liu B, Peng B, Wang L, Yang J, Zhu L. Nanoparticulate bioceramic putty suppresses osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory bone loss in mice via inhibition of TRAF6-mediated signalling pathways: A laboratory investigation. Int Endod J 2024; 57:682-699. [PMID: 38403990 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to determine the effects of iRoot BP Plus on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and inflammation-mediated bone resorption in vivo and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODOLOGY CCK-8 was performed to test cell viability in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cells and BMDMs in response to iRoot BP Plus. The effect of iRoot BP Plus on osteoclastogenesis was determined using TRAP staining and phalloidin staining, respectively. Pit formation assay was conducted to measure osteoclast resorptive capacity. Western blot and qPCR were performed to examine osteoclast-related proteins and gene expression, respectively. Western blot was also used to investigate the signalling pathways involved. For in vivo experiments, an LPS-induced mouse calvarial bone resorption model was established to analyse the effect of iRoot BP Plus on bone resorption (n = 6 per group). At 7 days, mouse calvaria were collected and prepared for histological analysis. RESULTS We identified that iRoot BP Plus extracts significantly attenuated RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, reduced sealing zone formation, restrained osteolytic capacity and decreased osteoclast-specific gene expression (p < .01). Mechanistically, iRoot BP Plus extracts reduced TRAF6 via proteasomal degradation, then suppressed the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), blocked the nuclear translocation of c-Fos and diminished nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and NFATc1 accumulation. Consistent with the in vitro results, iRoot BP Plus extracts attenuated osteoclast activity thus protecting against inflammatory bone resorption in vivo (p < .05), which was accompanied by a suppression of TRAF6, c-Fos, NFATc1 and cathepsin K expression. CONCLUSION These findings provide valuable insights into the signalling mechanisms underlying nanoparticulate bioceramic putty-mediated bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Cruz Hondares T, Hao X, Zhao Y, Lin Y, Napierala D, Jackson JG, Zhang P. Antibacterial, biocompatible, and mineralization-inducing properties of calcium silicate-based cements. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024. [PMID: 38605507 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different pulp capping materials have different origins and compositions, require different preparations, and may vary in their bioactive properties. AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, and mineralization-inducing potential of calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials. DESIGN Six contemporary calcium silicate-based cements, ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, Biodentine, EndoSequence, NeoMTA 2, and NeoPutty, were evaluated. The antibacterial effects of these materials against Streptococcus mutans UA159 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 were determined by the agar diffusion assay and the direct culture test. The biocompatibility and mineralization-inducing potential of these materials in preodontoblastic 17IIA11 cells were evaluated by the MTT assay and by Alizarin Red S staining, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In agar diffusion test, only Biodentine showed distinct antibacterial effects against S. mutans. All the tested materials, however, showed antibacterial effects against S. mutans and E. faecalis in the direct culture test, with Biodentine showing the strongest growth inhibition against both S. mutans and E. faecalis. All the tested materials showed acceptable biocompatibility and mineralization-supporting potential in our experimental conditions. In summary, ProRoot MTA, MTA Angelus, Biodentine, EndoSequence, NeoMTA 2, and NeoPutty demonstrated acceptable in vitro antimicrobial, biocompatible, and mineralization-supporting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimy Cruz Hondares
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Hao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yuyin Lin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dobrawa Napierala
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Janice G Jackson
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Aksu S, Delikan E, Küçük AÖ, Asoğlu ZD, Yılmaz ŞN. The osteoinductive potential of different root-filling materials in a rat femur model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2078. [PMID: 38267563 PMCID: PMC10808533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In pediatric dentistry, the enduring success of root-end filling materials employed for the establishment of apical plugs in immature teeth undergoing endodontic intervention is contingent upon their possessing a robust osteoinductive capacity. Hence, the primary objective of this study was to histologically assess the osteoinductive potential of four distinct dental materials, specifically recommended for retrograde filling applications, utilizing an animal hard tissue model. Within the designed experimental model, two bone defects measuring 2 mm in diameter and 2 mm in depth were created in both femurs of a cohort comprising 21 male Wistar albino rats. The first defect in the right femur was left blank as the control group, and Neo MTA Plus was placed in the second defect. The EndoSequence BCRRM Fast Set Putty was placed in the first of the defects on the left femur, and Endo Repair was placed in the second defect. Subjects were sacrificed after 7, 14, and 28 days of follow-up, and sections were examined to assess the degree of inflammation, connective tissue formation, and new bone formation. The data were statistically evaluated with Kruskal‒Wallis and post hoc Dunn's tests using SPSS 12 software. The bone healing levels of the Neo MTA Plus group were significantly higher than those of the other groups in all periods (p < 0.05). Bone organization in all groups decreased over time, and fibrous tissue was enriched. The results of this study demonstrate that NeoMta Plus has superior osteoinductive properties compared to other materials but that EndoSequence and Endo Repair have the potential to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seçkin Aksu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Ebru Delikan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Özcan Küçük
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Zehra Demiray Asoğlu
- Department of Hıstology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Şakir Necat Yılmaz
- Department of Hıstology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Zeng Q, Zhou C, Li M, Qiu Y, Wei X, Liu H. Concentrated growth factor combined with iRoot BP Plus promotes inflamed pulp repair: an in vitro and in vivo study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:225. [PMID: 37076830 PMCID: PMC10114309 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet concentrates combined with calcium silicate cements may promote reparative dentin formation. However, few studies have reported their effect on dental pulp inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of concentrated growth factor (CGF) combined with iRoot BP Plus on inflammatory human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in vitro and inflamed pulp in rats in vivo. METHODS The proliferation of LPS-stimulated hDPSCs treated with 50% CGF with/without 25% iRoot BP Plus was evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 on days 1, 4 and 7. The expression of genes associated with inflammation on day 1 and differentiation on day 14 was analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The exposed pulp of rat maxillary molars was injected with 10 mg/mL LPS and directly capped with CGF membrane with/without iRoot BP Plus extract for 1, 7 and 28 days. The teeth were subjected to histologic analyses and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The proliferation rates of the inflammatory hDPSCs after the combination treatment were significantly higher than those after the other treatments on days 4 and 7 (P < 0.05). IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were increased in inflammatory hDPSCs but decreased after treatment with CGF combined with iRoot BP Plus extract, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 showed the opposite expression patterns. Expression of the odontogenesis-related genes OCN, Runx2, and ALP was dramatically enhanced by combined treatment with CGF and iRoot BP Plus extract. In rat pulp, the average inflammation scores of the CGF and CGF-iRoot BP Plus groups significantly decreased in comparison with those of the LPS group (P < 0.05), and the CGF-iRoot BP Plus group had more reparative dentin than the CGF and BP groups. Immunohistochemical staining showed fewer M1 macrophages on day 1 and more M2 macrophages on day 7 in the CGF-iRoot BP Plus group than in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS The combination of CGF and iRoot BP Plus showed a synergistic effect on anti-inflammatory potential and promoted greater pulp healing than CGF or iRoot BP Plus alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Can Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Xi Wei
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
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Määttä A, Nixon R, Robinson N, Ambler CA, Goncalves K, Maltman V, Przyborski S. Regulation of epidermal proliferation and hair follicle cycling by synthetic photostable retinoid EC23. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1658-1669. [PMID: 36718827 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoid signaling is an important regulator of the epidermis and skin appendages. Therefore, synthetic retinoids have been developed for therapeutic use for skin disorders such as psoriasis and acne. AIMS In previous studies, we showed how the photostable retinoid EC23 induces neuronal differentiation in stem cell-like cell populations, and here, we aim to investigate its ability to influence epidermal and hair follicle growth. METHODS EC23 influence on skin biology was investigated initially in cultures of monolayer keratinocytes and three-dimentional in vitro models of skin, and finally in in vivo studies of mice back skin. RESULTS EC23 induces keratinocyte hyperproliferation in vitro and in vivo, and when applied to mouse skin increases the number of involucrin-positive suprabasal cell layers. These phenotypic changes are similar in skin treated with the natural retinoid all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA); however, EC23 is more potent; a tenfold lower dose of EC23 is sufficient to induce epidermal thickening, and resulting hyperproliferation is sustained for a longer time period after first dose. EC23 treatment resulted in a disorganized stratum corneum, reduced cell surface lipids and compromised barrier, similar to ATRA treatment. However, EC23 induces a rapid telogen to anagen transition and hair re-growth in 6-week-old mice with synchronously resting back skin follicles. The impact of EC23 on the hair cycle was surprising as similar results have not been seen with ATRA. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that synthetic retinoid EC23 is a useful tool in exploring the turnover and differentiation of cells and has a potent effect on skin physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arto Määttä
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Rebecca Nixon
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Neil Robinson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK.,Reprocell Europe Ltd, West of Scotland Science Park, Glasgow, UK
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Alharbi H, Khalil W, Alsofi L, Binmadi N, Elnahas A. The effect of low-level laser on the quality of dentin barrier after capping with bioceramic material: A histomorphometric analysis. AUST ENDOD J 2022; 49:27-37. [PMID: 35229961 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the quality of dentin barriers and pulp reaction to EndoSequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) combined with low-level laser application. In eight dogs, pulps were exposed via class V, half of the samples received low-level diode laser at 870 nm. Thereafter, cavities were capped with fast-set or regular-set ERRM. The specimens were processed for histomorphological and immunohistochemical examination after 2 weeks and 2 months. Dentin bridges were observed in all samples, and 87.5% were complete. The low-level laser group had significantly more reparative dentin area than the non-lased group (p < 0.05). The dentin bridges were found to have an unprecedented tubularity of 43%-89%. Tiny dentin island formation was observed within the material particles. Initial mild-to-moderate inflammatory reactions were observed, which subsided after 2 months. RUNX2 and osteocalcin staining were evident for all samples at both time intervals. Low-level laser combined with bioactive ERRM is effective in inducing reparative dentin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alharbi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Conservative Sciences, Division of Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa Khalil
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Loai Alsofi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Binmadi
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Elnahas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
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Yeh CL, Bhorade R, Hsu TT, Chen CY, Lin CP. Mechanical assessment and odontogenic behavior of a 3D-printed mesoporous calcium silicate/calcium sulfate/poly-ε-caprolactone composite scaffold. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 121:510-518. [PMID: 34266707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Tissue engineering in dentistry has fundamentally changed the way endodontists assess treatment options. Our previous study found that quercetin-contained mesoporous calcium silicate/calcium sulfate (MSCSQ) could induce hard tissue defect region regeneration. This study focused on whether the MSCSQ scaffold could also be effective in regulating odontogenesis and dentin regeneration. METHODS In this study, we fabricated MSCSQ composite scaffolds using the 3D printing technique. The characteristics of the MSCSQ scaffold were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and mechanical properties were also assessed. In addition, we evaluated the cell viability, cell proliferation, odontogenic-related protein expression, and mineralization behavior of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) cultured on different scaffolds. RESULTS We found the precipitation of spherical-apatite on the scaffold surface rapidly in short periods. The in-vitro results for cell behavior revealed that hDPSCs with an MSCSQ scaffold were significantly higher in cell viability as followed time points. In addition, the specific makers of odontogenesis, such as DSPP and DMP-1 proteins, were induced obviously after culturing the hDPSCs on the MSCSQ scaffold. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that MSCSQ scaffolds could enhance physicochemical and biological behaviors compared to mesoporous calcium silicate/calcium sulfate (MSCS) scaffolds. In addition, MSCSQ scaffolds also enhanced odontogenic and immuno-suppressive properties compared to MSCS scaffolds. These results indicated that MSCSQ scaffolds could be considered a potential bioscaffold for clinical applications and dentin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liang Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rupali Bhorade
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tuan-Ti Hsu
- X-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Song W, Li S, Tang Q, Chen L, Yuan Z. In vitro biocompatibility and bioactivity of calcium silicate‑based bioceramics in endodontics (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:128. [PMID: 34013376 PMCID: PMC8136140 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium silicate-based bioceramics have been applied in endodontics as advantageous materials for years. In addition to excellent physical and chemical properties, the biocompatibility and bioactivity of calcium silicate-based bioceramics also serve an important role in endodontics according to previous research reports. Firstly, bioceramics affect cellular behavior of cells such as stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, fibroblasts and immune cells. On the other hand, cell reaction to bioceramics determines the effect of wound healing and tissue repair following bioceramics implantation. The aim of the present review was to provide an overview of calcium silicate-based bioceramics currently applied in endodontics, including mineral trioxide aggregate, Bioaggregate, Biodentine and iRoot, focusing on their in vitro biocompatibility and bioactivity. Understanding their underlying mechanism may help to ensure these materials are applied appropriately in endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Song
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shue Li
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Zhenglin Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Tu MG, Lee AKX, Lin YH, Huang TH, Ho CC, Shie MY. Caffeic Acid-coated Nanolayer on Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Potentiates the Host Immune Responses, Angiogenesis, and Odontogenesis. J Endod 2020; 46:1455-1464. [PMID: 32668309 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate whether mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) can be modified with caffeic acid (CA) to form caffeic acid/mineral trioxide aggregate (CAMTA) cement and to evaluate its physicochemical and biological properties as well as its capability in immune suppression and angiogenesis. METHODS MTA was immersed in trishydroxymethyl aminomethane buffer with CA to allow coating onto MTA powders. X-ray diffractometry and tensile stress-strain tests were conducted to assess for physical characteristics of CAMTA and to evaluate for successful modification of MTA. Then, the CAMTA cement was immersed in simulated body fluid to evaluate its hydroxyapatite formation capabilities and Si release profiles. In addition, RAW 264.7 cells and human dental pulp stem cells were used to evaluate CAMTA's immunosuppressive capabilities and cell responses, respectively. hDPSCs were also used to assess CAMTA's angiogenic capabilities. RESULTS The X-ray diffractometry results showed that CA can be successfully coated onto MTA without disrupting or losing MTA's original structural properties, thus allowing us to retain the initial advantages of MTA. CAMTA was shown to have higher mechanical properties compared with MTA and had rougher pitted surfaces, which were hypothesized to lead to enhanced adhesion, proliferation, and secretion of angiogenic- and odontogenic-related proteins. In addition, it was found that CAMTA was able to enhance hydroxyapatite formation and immunosuppressive capabilities compared with MTA. CONCLUSIONS CAMTA cements were found to have improved physicochemical and biological characteristics compared with their counterpart. In addition, CAMTA cements had enhanced odontogenic, angiogenic, and immunosuppressive properties compared with MTA. All of the results of this study proved that CAMTA cements could be a biomaterial for future clinical applications and tissue engineering use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Gene Tu
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Alvin Kai-Xing Lee
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hong Lin
- x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; The PhD Program for Medical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Hsien Huang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Che Ho
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan; 3D Printing Medical Research Institute, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-You Shie
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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The Response of the Pulp-Dentine Complex, PDL, and Bone to Three Calcium Silicate-Based Cements: A Histological Study in an Animal Rat Model. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2020; 2020:9582165. [PMID: 32351551 PMCID: PMC7174911 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9582165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to histologically examine the tissue reaction of three different calcium silicate cements in the closure of perforations in rat incisor teeth. Material and Methods. An experimental lateral root perforation with pulp exposure was performed in 32 lower incisors of 16 male Wistar albino rats. They were randomly assigned into three test groups (each including eight teeth) that were filled either by Biodentine (BD) or MicroMega mineral trioxide aggregate (MM-MTA) or EndoSequence root repair material putty (ESRRM putty), besides eight unperforated incisors from the other four rats (control group). The inflammatory response and healing process were evaluated histologically and scored after one and four weeks. Differences among groups were tested by Kruskal-Wallis tests at P ≤ 0.05. Results In the first week, BD produced more inflammatory response in the pulpal (score 3) than other materials (score 2). Only ESRRM putty showed odontoblast-like cells in 50%, 25% dentine-like deposit, 25% evidence of bone deposition in the drilling site (score 2), and minimum periodontal ligament (PDL) necrosis and disorganization (25%, score 2). After one month, all groups had healthy pulpal tissue, but 25% of ESRRM putty retained score 1 inflammatory response, and 50% of the BD case had an incomplete palisading odontoblast layer (score 3). A thick and regular dentine bridge deposition was seen in the ESRRM putty group in comparison with MM-MTA and BD cases. The cortical plate healing in all ESRRM putty samples was complete (score 3), while an incomplete closure was seen in MM-MTA and BD groups (score 2). Both the MM-MTA and ESRRM putty groups had fully organized PDL (score 2), while in 50% of BD cases, a necrotizing area and disorganized PDL with inflammatory cells infiltration were still present. Statistically significant differences in the scores of any histologic parameters among the three tested materials were observed neither in the 1st nor in the 4th weeks of the experimental period. Conclusion Better tissue compatibility and repair of pulpal and periodontal tissue have been detected after lateral perforation in the root of rat incisors when treated with ESRRM putty than MM-MTA and BD. However, the difference was not significant.
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Alghamdi F, Aljahdali E. Comparison of Mineral Trioxide Uggregate, EndoSequence Root Repair Material, and Biodentine Used for Repairing Root Perforations: A Systematic Review. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.589413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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de Oliveira NG, de Souza Araújo PR, da Silveira MT, Sobral APV, Carvalho MDV. Comparison of the biocompatibility of calcium silicate-based materials to mineral trioxide aggregate: Systematic review. Eur J Dent 2019; 12:317-326. [PMID: 29988207 PMCID: PMC6004803 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_347_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the biocompatibility and interaction of bioceramic materials with animal and human mesenchymal cells in vitro and in vivo and to compare them with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Two independent researchers conducted PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus searches to identify studies published in English, without restrictions on year of publication using the following keywords: “root canal sealer,” “root repair material,” “cytotoxicity,” and “bioceramics.” The articles were selected following the PRISMA statement. A total of 1486 titles were identified in the initial search. However, only 18 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that bioceramic materials have biological properties similar to those of MTA, including low cytotoxicity as well as promoting cell proliferation and adhesion, low expression of inflammatory cytokines, and reduced pulp inflammation. This systematic review therefore suggests that the choice of repair bioceramic materials or MTA based on biocompatibility should be the professional's decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Gomes de Oliveira
- Department of Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Camaragibe, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Torreão da Silveira
- Department of Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Camaragibe, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Veras Sobral
- Department of Patology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Camaragibe, PE, Brazil
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Lee GW, Yoon JH, Jang JH, Chang HS, Hwang YC, Hwang IN, Oh WM, Lee BN. Effects of newly-developed retrograde filling material on osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:528-533. [PMID: 30971649 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare chemical properties and bioactivities of with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and EndoSequence Root Repair Material (ERRM). After setting, surfaces of test materials were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The pH and cell viability of materials were tested. Osteoblastic differentiation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and ALP staining. MTA showed spindle-shaped crystals while ERRM showed round-shaped crystals of various sizes. ERRM presented lower pH than MTA. Both materials showed good cell viabilities compared to the control. Expression levels of osteoblastic genes and ALP staining were increased significantly (p<0.05) in ERRM and MTA groups compared to those in the control group. In conclusion, ERRM and MTA both had effects on osteoblastic differentiation. Therefore, ERRM can be used as a desirable alternative to MTA for root-end filling material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go-Woon Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - Ji-Hye Yoon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - Ji-Hyun Jang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University
| | - Hoon-Sang Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - Yun-Chan Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - In-Nam Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - Won-Mann Oh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University
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GuttaFlow Bioseal promotes spontaneous differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells into cementoblast-like cells. Dent Mater 2018; 35:114-124. [PMID: 30466731 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate in vitro the cementogenic potential and the biological effects of GuttaFlow Bioseal, GuttaFlow 2, MTA Fillapex and AH Plus on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). METHODS Cell viability, cell migration and cell morphology assays were performed using eluates of each material. To evaluate cell attachment, hPDLSCs were directly seeded onto the material surfaces and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of endodontic sealers on cementum protein 1 (CEMP1), cementum-derived attachment protein (CAP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), ameloblastin (AMBN), amelogenin (AMELX) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) gene expression on hPDLSCs were investigated by qPCR and immunofluorescence (IF). Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance and Bonferroni or Tukey post-test (α<0.05). RESULTS More than 90% of viable cells were obtained using extracts of GuttaFlow Bioseal and GuttaFlow2 after 72h of culture. By contrast, AH Plus and MTA Fillapex induced significantly lower levels of cell viability. GuttaFlow2 and GuttaFlow Bioseal promoted wound closure in a concentration-dependent manner, comparable to that observed with control extracts (*p<0.05). However, with AH Plus and MTA Fillapex, cell migration was significantly lower than in the control (***p<0.0001). SEM analysis pointed to an organized stress fiber assembly and high degree of cell adhesion on GuttaFlow Bioseal disks but low rates on GuttaFlow2, MTA Fillapex and AH Plus. When hPDLSCs were cultured with GuttaFlow Bioseal-conditioned media, qPCR assays and IF showed a higher level of AMELX, AMBN, CEMP1 and CAP expression than the control (*p<0.05)), whereas no such expression was observed in the other sealers. SIGNIFICANCE Our results showed that GuttaFlow sealers were more cytocompatible than AH Plus and MTA Fillapex, while GuttaFlow Bioseal favored cementoblast differentiation of hPDLSCs in the absence of any growth factors.
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Shen YF, Huang TH, Ng HY, Fang HY, Hsu TT. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Mixed with 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for the Photodynamic Antimicrobial Strategy in Hard Tissue Regeneration. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E1734. [PMID: 30223515 PMCID: PMC6163745 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) based photodynamic antimicrobial strategy can provide good antimicrobial effects and be used for medical applications. The aim of this study was to apply this strategy to Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), which is commonly used as a filling material for root endings and by doing so, to increase the bactericidal capability of MTA, as well as to investigate its characterization, cytocompatibility, and odontogenic differentiation potential. MTA is known to be a derivative of calcium silicate (CS). In this study, MTA specimens with or without ALA and light treatment were prepared. Diametral tensile strength values (DTS), setting durations, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra, apatite-mineralization, and antimicrobial abilities of the MTA, were also analyzed. Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) can proliferate into the newly formed matrix and differentiate into odontoblasts to reinforce and strengthen the root. Levels of hDPCs proliferation and its odontogenic capabilities when cultured on MTA with ALA and light treatment, and the percentages of cells existing in the various cell cycle stages, were further evaluated in this study. The results indicated that MTA added ALA with light treatment had greater antibacterial ability and cytocompatibility, compared to MTA alone. A higher percentage S phase of the cells cultured on MTA added ALA with light treatment was observed. Furthermore, hDPCs cultured on MTA added ALA with light treatment had the highest expression levels of the odontoblastic differentiation markers. ALA has great antimicrobial efficiency and is a potential material for future medical applications. ALA-based photodynamic antibacterial strategy applied in the MTA has great antibacterial ability, cytocompatibility, and odontoblastic differentiation potential, and can facilitate the development of root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fang Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
- 3D Printing Medical Research Institute, Asia University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Tsui-Hsien Huang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
- Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Hooi-Yee Ng
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Yuan Fang
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Tuan-Ti Hsu
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan.
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Tu MG, Ho CC, Hsu TT, Huang TH, Lin MJ, Shie MY. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate with Mussel-inspired Surface Nanolayers for Stimulating Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2018; 44:963-970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Miller AA, Takimoto K, Wealleans J, Diogenes A. Effect of 3 Bioceramic Materials on Stem Cells of the Apical Papilla Proliferation and Differentiation Using a Dentin Disk Model. J Endod 2018; 44:599-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Evaluation of Biocompatibility and Osteogenic Potential of Tricalcium Silicate–based Cements Using Human Bone Marrow–derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Endod 2018; 44:446-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Vidovic Zdrilic I, de Azevedo Queiroz IO, Matthews BG, Gomes-Filho JE, Mina M, Kalajzic I. Mineral trioxide aggregate improves healing response of periodontal tissue to injury in mice. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:1058-1067. [PMID: 28691752 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a biomaterial used in endodontic procedures as it exerts beneficial effects on regenerative processes. In this study, we evaluate the effect of MTA on healing of periodontal ligament (PDL) and surrounding tissue, following injury, in a transgenic mouse model and on the differentiation of murine mesenchymal progenitor cells in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used an inducible Cre-loxP in vivo fate mapping approach to examine the effects of MTA on the contributions of descendants of cells expressing the αSMA-CreERT2 transgene (SMA9+ ) to the PDL and alveolar bone after experimental injury to the root furcation on the maxillary first molars. Col2.3GFP was used as a marker to identify mature osteoblasts, cementoblasts and PDL fibroblasts. The effects of MTA were examined 2, 17 and 30 days after injury and compared histologically with sealing using an adhesive system. The effects of two dilutions of medium conditioned with MTA on proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from bone marrow (BMSC) and periodontal ligament (PDLC) in vitro were examined using the PrestoBlue viability assay, alkaline phosphatase and Von Kossa staining. The expression of markers of differentiation was assessed using real-time PCR. RESULTS Histological analyses showed better repair in teeth restored with MTA, as shown by greater expansion of SMA9+ progenitor cells and Col2.3GFP+ osteoblasts compared with control teeth. We also observed a positive effect on differentiation of SMA9+ progenitors into osteoblasts and cementoblasts in the apical region distant from the site of injury. The in vitro data showed that MTA-conditioned medium reduced cell viability and osteogenic differentiation in both PDLC and BMSC, indicated by reduced von Kossa staining and lower expression of osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein. In addition, cultures grown in the presence of MTA had marked decreases in SMA9+ and Col2.3GFP+ areas as compared with osteogenic medium, confirming reduced osteogenesis. CONCLUSION MTA promotes regeneration of injured PDL and alveolar bone, reflected as contribution of progenitors (SMA9+ cells) into osteoblasts (Col2.3GFP+ cells). In vitro, MTA-conditioned medium fails to promote osteogenic differentiation of both PDLC and BMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vidovic Zdrilic
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Uconn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - B G Matthews
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Uconn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - J E Gomes-Filho
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Aracatuba, Brazil
| | - M Mina
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Uconn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - I Kalajzic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, Uconn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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Tian J, Zhang Y, Lai Z, Li M, Huang Y, Jiang H, Wei X. Ion Release, Microstructural, and Biological Properties of iRoot BP Plus and ProRoot MTA Exposed to an Acidic Environment. J Endod 2016; 43:163-168. [PMID: 27939732 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study evaluated how exposing the novel calcium silicate nanoparticulate bioceramic iRoot BP Plus (Innovative Bioceramix, Vancouver, Canada) to an acidic environment affects ion release from this material and alters MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast viability on and attachment to this material. These factors were compared against those of ProRoot MTA under similar conditions. METHODS Each material was exposed to phosphate-buffered saline (pH = 7.4) or butyric acid (pH = 5.4) for 5 days. Trace metal elements within the 2 materials and released ions were identified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The microstructures and elemental compositions of MTA and iRoot BP Plus after treatment with butyric acid were determined using scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Furthermore, the viability of MC3T3-E1 cells on and their levels of attachment to the materials after the butyric acid treatment were compared. RESULTS iRoot BP Plus contained fewer toxic metal elements than MTA. Under acidic conditions, both materials displayed similar ion release abilities, with increased release of Si and Ca ions. Substantial changes in microstructure, including reduced apatite formation, were observed for both materials after exposure to acidic pH. Furthermore, exposing iRoot BP Plus and MTA to an acidic environment increased and decreased MC3T3-E1 cell viability on these materials, respectively. MC3T3-E1 cell attachment to both materials was not significantly affected by acidic pH. CONCLUSIONS iRoot BP Plus seems more biologically appropriate for application in an inflamed acidic environment than ProRoot MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tian
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhe Zhang
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Lai
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China; School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Xi Wei
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
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