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Liu H, Lu L, Xu K, Shen Y. Treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of the apical barrier technique with premixed calcium silicate-based putty in necrotic permanent teeth with open apices: a retrospective cohort study with up to six years follow-up. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:425. [PMID: 38990402 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate treatment outcomes of the apical barrier technique with premixed calcium silicate-based putty for treating necrotic permanent teeth with open apices and to identify prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Permanent teeth with necrotic pulps and open apices treated by the apical barrier technique with premixed calcium silicate-based putty, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months, were included. Treatment outcomes were based on clinical signs, symptoms, and radiographic evaluation. The treatment outcome was dichotomized into success or failure according to strict and loose criteria. The chi-square test (or Fisher's exact test) and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate possible prognostic factors associated with treatment outcomes. RESULTS Seventy-four teeth with a follow-up time of 12-72 months (mean, 25.74 ± 14.36 months) were included in the final evaluation. The success rate was 97.30% using the loose criteria and 66.22% using the strict criteria. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the size of pre-operative periapical lesion (≥ 5 mm) (odds ratio [OR]: 18.96; P = 0.0153) and root canal underfilling (OR: 8.341; P = 0.0448) were significant predictors for treatment failure under the strict criteria. CONCLUSION The apical barrier technique with premixed calcium silicate-based putty is a highly successful procedure for treating necrotic permanent teeth with open apices after an observation period of up to 6 years. Treatment success under the strict criteria is primarily affected by the size of the pre-operative periapical lesion and the apical extent of root-filling. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Careful case selection and ensuring adequate root filling quality are essential to the successful outcome of the apical barrier technique with premixed calcium silicate-based putty.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Le Lu
- Department of Endodontics, Suzhou Stomatological Hospital, No. 1366 Suzhan street, Suzhou, 215005, China.
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Suzhou Stomatological Hospital, No. 1366 Suzhan street, Suzhou, 215005, China
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Vilela DG, Campos GO, Fontana CE, De Martin AS, Bueno CEDS, Kato AS. Evaluation of pulp tissue dissolution capacity through different sodium hypochlorite agitation protocols. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:639-643. [PMID: 38989497 PMCID: PMC11232767 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_73_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Aims This ex vivo study aimed to assess the dissolving capacity of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite using eight agitation protocols within swine pulp tissue. Subjects and Methods Twelve lower first premolars were prepared and split into the fragments with a groove housing porcine dental pulp. Groups were assigned based on agitation systems: manual, passive ultrasonic, Easy Clean and XP-Endo Finisher. Two agitation time protocols were applied: One min (3 s × 20 s cycles) and 2 min (6 s × 20 s cycles). Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the groups. Results Both time frames demonstrated superior results compared to manual group (P > 0.5). However, in the two min groups, no significant differences were observed among the other protocols (P < 0.5). Intriguingly, increasing cycle numbers significantly improved results within each group (P > 0.5). Conclusion Extending the chemical agitation time during final irrigation enhances tissue removal, regardless of the irrigation protocol employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gomes Vilela
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, São Leopoldo Mandic, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Oliveira Campos
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculdade Patos de Minas, Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fontana
- Departament of Center for Healthy Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Augusto Shoji Kato
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Huang D, Wang X, Liang J, Ling J, Bian Z, Yu Q, Hou B, Chen X, Li J, Ye L, Cheng L, Xu X, Hu T, Wu H, Guo B, Su Q, Chen Z, Qiu L, Chen W, Wei X, Huang Z, Yu J, Lin Z, Zhang Q, Yang D, Zhao J, Pan S, Yang J, Wu J, Pan Y, Xie X, Deng S, Huang X, Zhang L, Yue L, Zhou X. Expert consensus on difficulty assessment of endodontic therapy. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:22. [PMID: 38429281 PMCID: PMC10907570 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Endodontic diseases are a kind of chronic infectious oral disease. Common endodontic treatment concepts are based on the removal of inflamed or necrotic pulp tissue and the replacement by gutta-percha. However, it is very essential for endodontic treatment to debride the root canal system and prevent the root canal system from bacterial reinfection after root canal therapy (RCT). Recent research, encompassing bacterial etiology and advanced imaging techniques, contributes to our understanding of the root canal system's anatomy intricacies and the technique sensitivity of RCT. Success in RCT hinges on factors like patients, infection severity, root canal anatomy, and treatment techniques. Therefore, improving disease management is a key issue to combat endodontic diseases and cure periapical lesions. The clinical difficulty assessment system of RCT is established based on patient conditions, tooth conditions, root canal configuration, and root canal needing retreatment, and emphasizes pre-treatment risk assessment for optimal outcomes. The findings suggest that the presence of risk factors may correlate with the challenge of achieving the high standard required for RCT. These insights contribute not only to improve education but also aid practitioners in treatment planning and referral decision-making within the field of endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Jingping Liang
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Junqi Ling
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua, School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuan Bian
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Benxiang Hou
- Department of Endodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongkun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Geriatric dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Stomatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihong Qiu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenxia Chen
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xi Wei
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua, School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengmei Lin
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua, School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Deqin Yang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, and College of Stomatology of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shuang Pan
- Department of Endodontics, Schoolof Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiayuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yihuai Pan
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Xiangya Stomatological School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuli Deng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Yue
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China.
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Sümbüllü M, Ali A, Büker M, Arslan H. The efficiency of different irrigation activation techniques in the removal of calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer from artificially created groove. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:238-244. [PMID: 36441606 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the removal of a calcium silicate-based sealer (EndoSeal MTA) with needle irrigation (NI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), XP-endo Finisher (XPF) and EDDY. A total of 56 human mandibular premolars were instrumented up to size 40.04 taper. The roots were separated longitudinally, and grooves were prepared with an ultrasonic tip at one-half of each root canal. The grooves were covered with EndoSeal MTA and re-attached roots were investigated based on the activation techniques applied. The results showed that significantly more material (p < 0.05) was removed in the EDDY group compared to the NI, PUI and XPF groups in the apical region. In the coronal region, no significant difference was observed between EDDY, XPF and PUI (p > 0.05), whereas all the latter were significantly more effective than NI (p < 0.05). These findings show that the removal of EndoSeal MTA can be more effective with EDDY compared to XPF, PUI and NI in the apical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Sümbüllü
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Afzal Ali
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, India
| | - Mine Büker
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hakan Arslan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bago I, Đurin A, Kanižaj D, Vuletić LB, Zdrilić IV, Anić I. The efficacy of a novel SWEEPS laser-activated irrigation compared to ultrasonic activation in the removal of pulp tissue from an isthmus area in the apical third of the root canal. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:189. [PMID: 37599293 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Shock Wave Enhanced Emission Photoacoustic Streaming (SWEEPS) in the removal of remaining pulp tissue from the root canal isthmus area in lower molars and compare it with ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI) and conventional needle irrigation (NI). Forty-one lower molars with isthmuses between mesial canals were included in the study. The teeth were randomly distributed into experimental groups (n = 12/each) based on the final irrigation protocol (SWEEPS, UAI, or NI) and a control group (C) (n = 5). The traditional access cavity of the mesial part of each tooth was made in all samples. The mesial root canals in the experimental groups were instrumented with a Wave One Gold Primary (25/.07) file using 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) while the distal canal served as a control for the presence of pulp tissue. No treatment was performed in the C group. Sections from the isthmus region were processed for histopathology to measure the remaining pulp tissue (RPT). The results were analyzed using analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). There were no significant differences in the relative surface area of root canals and isthmus among the groups (p > 0.05). Samples in the SWEEPS group had significantly less RPT than UAI, NI, and C (p = 0.003, 0.014, 0.003, respectively). There were no significant differences between the UAI and NI (p = 0.583). SWEEPS was the most efficient in debridement of the root canal isthmus area. UAI and NI showed similar but lower efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Bago
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Gundulićeva 5, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Adriana Đurin
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Gundulićeva 5, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Debora Kanižaj
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Gundulićeva 5, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivana Vidović Zdrilić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivica Anić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Gundulićeva 5, Zagreb, Croatia
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Özlek E, Acikgoz E, Gökkaya NZ, Taşan A, Altındağ F. Histological evaluation of the debris removal efficiency of activation of sodium hypochlorite solution at different concentrations. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:528. [PMID: 37507750 PMCID: PMC10386604 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to histologically evaluate the efficiency of debris removal through activation of 2.5% and 5.25% NaOCI using laser, ultrasonic, and intracanal heating methods. METHODS Sixty-four maxillary central incisor teeth were randomly divided into two groups according to the irrigation solution (n = 32); 2.5% NaOCI and 5.25% NaOCI. Subsequently, the samples were further divided into four subgroups according to the final irrigation activation technique (n = 8); SubgroupA: Er,Cs:YSGG laser, SubgroupB: Ultrasonic, Subgroup C: Intracanal heating, Subgroup D: no activation. Generalized Linear Models and Bonferroni tests were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). RESULTS The effect of NaOCI concentration was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the activation of NaOCI by laser exhibited a statistically significant difference compared to the ultrasonic and intracanal heating methods (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The efficiency of root canal cleaning increases with higher NaOCI concentration. Activation of NaOCI also significantly enhances its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Özlek
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Van Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey.
| | - Eda Acikgoz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Van Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey
| | - Nesibe Zeyneb Gökkaya
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Van Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Taşan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Van Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey
| | - Fikret Altındağ
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Van Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey
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Robberecht L, Delattre J, Meire M. Isthmus morphology influences debridement efficacy of activated irrigation: A laboratory study involving biofilm mimicking hydrogel removal and high-speed imaging. Int Endod J 2023; 56:118-127. [PMID: 36148855 PMCID: PMC10092478 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Little is known about the influence of isthmus morphology on the debridement efficacy of activated irrigation. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of isthmus morphology on the debridement efficacy of laser-activated irrigation (LAI), EDDY and needle irrigation (NI), and to explain the methods of isthmus cleaning by LAI and EDDY. METHODOLOGY Four root canal models (apical diameter: 0.30 mm, taper: 0.06, curvature: 23°, length: 20 mm) were produced by CAD-CAM with different isthmus morphologies: long-wide (4 mm; 0.4 mm), long-narrow (4 mm; 0.15 mm), short-wide (2 mm; 0.4 mm) and short-narrow (2 mm; 0.15 mm). The isthmuses were filled with a hydrogel containing dentine debris. The canals were filled with irrigant and models were assigned to the following irrigation protocols (n = 240): needle irrigation (NI) with a 30G needle, Eddy, and LAI (2940 nm Er:YAG-laser, 15 Hz, 40 mJ, SWEEPS, tip at the canal entrance). Standardized images of the isthmuses were taken before and after irrigation, and the amount of removed hydrogel was determined using image analysis software and compared across groups using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison. Visualization of the isthmus during activation was achieved using a high-speed camera. The pattern and speed of the flow in the isthmus as well as transient and stable cavitation were analysed using imaging software. RESULTS Laser-activated irrigation, EDDY and NI removed more hydrogel in short-wide isthmuses than in narrow isthmuses (p < .001). LAI and EDDY removed more hydrogel than NI in every isthmus configuration (p < .001). EDDY showed eddies and stable cavitation, and LAI showed transient cavitation at each pulse, and pulsed horizontal flow with the highest particle speed in closed short isthmuses. CONCLUSIONS Isthmus morphology influences debridement in all irrigation groups. Short-wide isthmuses were the easiest to clean while narrow isthmuses were the most challenging to clean. Width seems to be a more critical anatomical parameter than length. LAI and EDDY resulted in the greatest biofilm removal and performed better than NI. EDDY produced eddies and stable cavitation in the isthmus, and LAI showed transient cavitation and pulsed horizontal flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieven Robberecht
- Section of Endodontology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, Lille, France
| | | | - Maarten Meire
- Section of Endodontology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Arora R, Gupta T, Mirdha N, Gill B. Comparative evaluation of efficacy of different irrigation devices in removal of calcium hydroxide in teeth with simulated internal resorption cavities - An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:625-629. [PMID: 36591589 PMCID: PMC9795696 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_271_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the efficacy of newly developed irrigation systems, i.e., XP-endo Finisher file (XP-endo), EndoActivator (EA), and Endo-Irrigator Plus (EI) with gold standard passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) tip and in removal of calcium hydroxide (CH) from single-rooted teeth with artificial simulated internal resorption cavities. Materials and Methods One hundred and twenty single-rooted mandibular premolars were decoronated and prepared using the ProTaper Gold system up to F5. Samples were buccolingually sectioned and resorption cavities were prepared. Twenty specimens were served as Group 1 - negative control. In the remaining specimens, CH was delivered and root halves were brought together. Twenty specimens were served as Group 2 - positive control. The remaining specimens were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 20), where NaOCl and EDTA were activated using PUI, XP-endo, EA, and EI for 1 min. The remnants of CH were scored and analyzed by employing Kruskal-Wallis H- and Mann-Whitney U-tests. Results PUI and XP-endo removed more CH than other devices (P < 0.05), showing no significant difference between them. Conclusion None of the tested systems were able to remove CH completely from resorption cavities. PUI and XP-endo were superior to other tested devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Arora
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vyas Dental College and Hospital Affiliated to Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tarun Gupta
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vyas Dental College and Hospital Affiliated to Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nitin Mirdha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vyas Dental College and Hospital Affiliated to Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bobbin Gill
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Vyas Dental College and Hospital Affiliated to Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Çiftçioğlu E, Yücel Ö, Işık V, Keleş A, Kayahan MB. Irrigant flow characteristics in the root canal with internal root resorption: a computational fluid dynamics evaluation. Odontology 2022; 110:769-776. [PMID: 35218447 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Irrigation dynamics of syringe irrigation with different needle designs (side-vented, double side-vented, notched) and ultrasonic irrigation in the root canal with internal root resorption were evaluated using a computational fluid dynamics model. A micro-CT scanned mandibular premolar was used for modeling internal root resorption. The needles and the ultrasonic tip were positioned at 2, 4, and 5 mm from the working length. The insertion depth and the irrigation model were found influential on the shear stress and the irrigant extension. The extension of the irrigant increased toward 2-5 mm from the working length. Ultrasonic irrigation revealed the highest shear stress values regardless of the insertion depth. The shear stress distribution on the resorption cavity walls gradually increased when the needles were positioned coronally. The residence time of the irrigant in the canal was affected by the needle position relative to the internal root resorption cavity and the needle type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Çiftçioğlu
- Department of Endodontics, İstanbul Okan University Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Özgün Yücel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gebze Technical University Faculty of Engineering, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Vasfiye Işık
- Department of Endodontics, İstanbul Health and Technology University Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Keleş
- Department of Endodontics, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Dentistry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Baybora Kayahan
- Department of Endodontics, İstanbul Health and Technology University Faculty of Dentistry, İstanbul, Turkey
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Coaguila-Llerena H, Gaeta E, Faria G. Outcomes of the GentleWave system on root canal treatment: a narrative review. Restor Dent Endod 2022; 47:e11. [PMID: 35284323 PMCID: PMC8891464 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2022.47.e11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Coaguila-Llerena
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Gaeta
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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11
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Zhang P, Yuan K, Jin Q, Zhao F, Huang Z. Presence of voids after three obturation techniques in band-shaped isthmuses: a micro-computed tomography study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:227. [PMID: 33933066 PMCID: PMC8088625 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of the present micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) study was to assess the presence of voids in band-shaped isthmuses obturated using three different filling techniques. Methods Twenty-four artificial molar teeth with a band-shaped isthmus were allocated to three groups (n = 8) for obturation, according to the filling technique: single-cone (SC), continuous wave of condensation (CWC) or lateral condensation (LC). Obturation was performed with gutta-percha (GP) cones and iRoot SP (Innovative Bioceramix, Vancouver, Canada).
Post-filling micro-CT scanning was performed. The percentage of filling materials and void volumes were calculated in the isthmus areas and data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results The mean percentage of void volumes and corresponding filling percentages in the isthmus areas after obturation in the SC groups was 22.98 % ± 1.19 %, 77.02 % ± 1.19 %; in the CWC groups 10.46 % ± 2.28 %, 89.54 % ± 2.28 %; and in the LC groups was 13.14 % ± 1.85 %, 86.86 % ± 1.85 %, respectively. Conclusions In band-shaped isthmus area, the obturation quality of CWC was superior to SC and LC techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Keyong Yuan
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Jin
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Fen Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhengwei Huang
- Department of Endodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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12
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Iandolo A, Amato M, Abdellatif D, Barbosa AFA, Pantaleo G, Blasi A, Franco V, Silva EJNL. Effect of different final irrigation protocols on pulp tissue dissolution from an isthmus model. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:538-543. [PMID: 33905149 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the pulp tissue dissolution from isthmus of a two-rooted maxillary premolar using different final irrigation protocols. After root canal preparation, the surface of the tooth was reduced to an extent that the isthmus could be observed, and 1 mg of pulp tissue was introduced into the isthmus which was covered with a glass slide. Following six groups were tested: syringe and needle; subsonic activation; sonic activation; ultrasonic activation; heating followed by sonic activation; and heating followed by ultrasonic activation. Before and after each experiment a photograph of the isthmus was taken at 30× to register the area of the pulp tissue. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (P < 0.05). Syringe and needle group showed the lower value of pulp tissue dissolution followed by subsonic irrigation procedures. Pulp tissue dissolution was significantly higher when heating was followed by sonic or ultrasonic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Iandolo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Massimo Amato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Dina Abdellatif
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ana Flávia A Barbosa
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Andrea Blasi
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittorio Franco
- Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Emmanuel J N L Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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13
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Damade Y, Kabir R, Gaddalay S, Deshpande S, Gite S, Bambale S, Dubey N. Root canal debridement efficacy of heated sodium hypochlorite in conjunction with passive ultrasonic agitation: An ex vivo study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2021; 14:235-238. [PMID: 33575013 PMCID: PMC7867682 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2020.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. This study aimed to investigate the endodontic debridement efficacy of different sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation regimens with and without ultrasonic agitation, followed by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after using a rotary instrumentation system.
Methods. Mandibular premolars (n=50) were randomly divided into five experimental groups (n=10) for root canal instrumentation with ProTaper Universal rotary system up to F3. The root canal system was treated with intracanal-heated NaOCl (100°C) or preheated NaOCl (55°C), followed by ultrasonic agitation and EDTA treatment. Samples irrigated with conventional needle irrigation (CNI) using normal saline solution were used as controls. Debridement efficacy was analyzed by SEM. A five-point scale was used to estimate the presence/absence of debris for each canal segment (coronal, middle, and apical). The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests (P<0.05).
Results. The experimental groups exhibited less debris compared to CNI with saline (P<0.05). The amount of debris decreased significantly for the group with NaOCl intracanal heating compared to extraoral heating. Ultrasonic agitation further enhanced the root canal debridement efficacy of NaOCl.
Conclusion. In summary, intracanal heating of NaOCl with and without ultrasonic agitation followed by EDTA appears to be a promising method to flush debris from the root canal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Damade
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Dental College, Latur, India
| | - Ramchandra Kabir
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Dental College, Latur, India
| | - Sunanda Gaddalay
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Dental College, Latur, India
| | - Sharvaree Deshpande
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Dental College, Latur, India
| | - Sonali Gite
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Dental College, Latur, India
| | - Sandip Bambale
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Dental College, Latur, India
| | - Nileshkumar Dubey
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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14
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Cheung AWT, Lee AHC, Cheung GSP. Clinical efficacy of activated irrigation in endodontics: a focused review. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e10. [PMID: 33680899 PMCID: PMC7906851 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Root canal debridement, which includes the removal of infected tissues and microbial biofilms, is considered the corner stone of root canal treatment. Chemical adjuncts play a multitude of functions in this regard, as tissue solvents, antimicrobial agents and for removing the smear layer. These adjuncts (irrigants) are usually delivered using a syringe and needle. With increasing knowledge of the complexity of root canal anatomy and tenacity of microbial biofilms, the need for strategies that potentiate the action of these irrigants within the root canal system cannot be overemphasized. Several such activated irrigation strategies exist. The aim of this review is to comprehensively discuss the different irrigant activation methods from the context of clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Wan Tin Cheung
- Discipline of Endodontology, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Angeline Hui Cheng Lee
- Discipline of Endodontology, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Gary Shun Pan Cheung
- Discipline of Endodontology, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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15
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Villalta-Briones N, Baca P, Bravo M, Solana C, Aguado-Pérez B, Ruiz-Linares M, Arias-Moliz MT. A laboratory study of root canal and isthmus disinfection in extracted teeth using various activation methods with a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and etidronic acid. Int Endod J 2020; 54:268-278. [PMID: 32970865 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate in a laboratory setting the antibiofilm activity of several irrigating protocols including conventional irrigation, ultrasonic activation and XP-endo Finisher, with a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and etidronic acid in infected isthmuses and root canals of extracted human mandibular molar teeth. METHODOLOGY Fifty-six mesial roots of mandibular molars, half of them with a continuous isthmus from the cervical to the apical third between the two root canals (type 1), and the other half with a continuous isthmus from the cervical to the middle third and one canal in the apical third (type 2), were included. The root canals were contaminated for 7 days with an Enterococcus faecalis suspension. There were three experimental groups plus a control group (n = 7 per type of root canal anatomy). All the root canals, except for the control group that was not treated, were chemomechanically prepared and then assigned to one of the experimental groups according to the final adjunctive procedure: conventional irrigation, ultrasonic activation or XP-endo Finisher activation. The irrigating solution used was a combination of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 9% etidronic acid, and the final protocols were applied for three cycles of 30 s with a 3 mL volume. The antibiofilm activity was evaluated at each location (root canal and isthmus) and third (cervical, middle and apical) using confocal laser scanning microscopy and the live/dead technique. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (descriptive statistics) and SUDAAN (P-value calculations). RESULTS Root canals had significantly lower biovolume values than the isthmuses (P < 0.05). The biovolume in the root canals was significantly reduced in all the experimental groups in all the thirds except for conventional irrigation in the apical third (P > 0.05). In the cervical and middle thirds, ultrasonic activation was associated with the lowest biovolumes (P < 0.05), followed by XP-endo Finisher. In the isthmus, disinfection was similar in all the thirds for all the protocols. Conventional irrigation was associated with intermediate values with no significant differences from the control group or from the activated protocols (P > 0.05), although the latter were significantly different from the control group (P < 0.05). No differences were found between ultrasonic activation and XP-endo Finisher in the middle and apical thirds (P > 0.05) in the isthmuses. CONCLUSIONS In this laboratory study on extracted teeth, the isthmus was more difficult to disinfect than root canals. In the root canals, ultrasonic activation and XP-endo Finisher had a greater effectiveness than conventional irrigation. In the isthmuses, no differences were observed between the two activation techniques and conventional irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Villalta-Briones
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - P Baca
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Bravo
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - C Solana
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - B Aguado-Pérez
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Ruiz-Linares
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M T Arias-Moliz
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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16
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Ozlek E, Neelakantan P, Khan K, Cheung GSP, Rossi-Fedele G. Debris extrusion during root canal preparation with nickel-titanium instruments using liquid and gel formulations of sodium hypochlorite in vitro. AUST ENDOD J 2020; 47:130-136. [PMID: 32748569 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the amount of apically extruded debris during root canal preparation with three single-file systems using liquid and gel-based formulations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or distilled water. Seventy-two single-canalled roots were divided into three groups: HyFlex EDM (Coltene-Whaledent); Reciproc Blue (VDW); and F-One Blue (Shanghai Fanta) and then divided into three subgroups: NaOCl liquid (Imicrly), NaOCl gel (Cerkamed Medical) and distilled water. The amount of extruded debris was calculated by determining the dry weight of the debris collected. Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction. Debris extrusion occurred in all subgroups. Both the instrument and the irrigant had an impact. The F-One Blue tended to extrude the least debris, though no significant difference was observed in the pairwise comparisons between instruments. NaOCl liquid resulted in significantly more extruded debris than NaOCl gel or distilled water. The results lead us to conclude that the NaOCl gel reduced debris extrusion compared to NaOCl liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Ozlek
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Van Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey
| | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Discipline of Endodontology, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Khadija Khan
- Discipline of Endodontology, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Gary S P Cheung
- Discipline of Endodontology, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
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17
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Jezeršek M, Lukač N, Lukač M. Measurement of Simulated Debris Removal Rates in an Artificial Root Canal to Optimize Laser-Activated Irrigation Parameters. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 53:411-417. [PMID: 32633876 PMCID: PMC8048517 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To compare temporal rates of debris removal from an artificial root canal for three laser-assisted irrigation modalities single-pulse super short pulse (SSP), and two dual-pulse X-SWEEPS and AutoSWEEPS, and for two fiber-tip (FT) geometries flat and radial, and to evaluate the dependence of the debris flushing rate on the delay between the SWEEPS laser pulse pair. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Laser-assisted irrigation was performed with a pulsed Er:YAG laser operating in single-pulse SSP and dual-pulse SWEEPS laser modalities. The laser energy was delivered to the water-filled model access cavity through a FT with either a flat or radial ending. The X-SWEEPS modality delivered pairs of laser pulses separated by a fixed adjustable delay, while with the AutoSWEEPS modality the delay was automatically and repeatedly swept between 200 and 600 microseconds. The debris removal rate was determined with the use of a digital camera by measuring the rate at which a simulated debris was being flushed out of the artificial root canal. RESULTS The simulated debris removal rate of the AutoSWEEPS modality is almost three times higher compared with that of the SSP modality. Further, the flat FT outperforms the radial FT by a factor of more than five in the case of SSP, and by more than 10 with AutoSWEEPS. The X-SWEEPS flushing rate exhibits strong dependence on the delay between the SWEEPS pulse pair, with the highest removal rate measured to be more than seven times higher in comparison with SSP. CONCLUSION Dual-pulse laser irrigation modalities (AutoSWEEPS and X-SWEEPS) exhibit significantly higher simulated debris removal rates in comparison with the standard single-pulse SSP laser-assisted irrigation. As opposed to the previously reported dependence of pressure generation on FT geometry, the flat FT's simulated debris removal rate significantly outperforms the radial FT. © 2020 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Jezeršek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Lukač
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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18
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Iandolo A, Abdellatif D, Amato M, Pantaleo G, Blasi A, Franco V, Neelakantan P. Dentinal tubule penetration and root canal cleanliness following ultrasonic activation of intracanal‐heated sodium hypochlorite. AUST ENDOD J 2019; 46:204-209. [DOI: 10.1111/aej.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Iandolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Dina Abdellatif
- Department of Endodontics Faculty of Dentistry University of Alexandria Alexandria Egypt
| | - Massimo Amato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Salerno Salerno Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Andrea Blasi
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Vittorio Franco
- Dentistry Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Discipline of Endodontology Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
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19
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Pedullà E, Abiad RS, Conte G, Khan K, Lazaridis K, Rapisarda E, Neelakantan P. Retreatability of two hydraulic calcium silicate‐based root canal sealers using rotary instrumentation with supplementary irrigant agitation protocols: a laboratory‐based micro‐computed tomographic analysis. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1377-1387. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Medical‐Surgical Specialties University of Catania Catania Italy
| | - R. S. Abiad
- Endodontic Division Faculty of Dentistry Beirut Arab University Beirut Lebanon
| | - G. Conte
- Department of General Surgery and Medical‐Surgical Specialties University of Catania Catania Italy
| | - K. Khan
- Discipline of Endodontology Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
| | - K. Lazaridis
- Department of General Surgery and Medical‐Surgical Specialties University of Catania Catania Italy
| | - E. Rapisarda
- Department of General Surgery and Medical‐Surgical Specialties University of Catania Catania Italy
| | - P. Neelakantan
- Discipline of Endodontology Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong
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20
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Lee OYS, Khan K, Li KY, Shetty H, Abiad RS, Cheung GSP, Neelakantan P. Influence of apical preparation size and irrigation technique on root canal debridement: a histological analysis of round and oval root canals. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1366-1376. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Y. S. Lee
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - K. Khan
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - K. Y. Li
- Centralized Research Laboratories Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - H. Shetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Nair Hospital Dental College Mumbai India
| | - R. S. Abiad
- Endodontic Division Faculty of Dentistry Beirut Arab University Beirut Lebanon
| | | | - P. Neelakantan
- Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
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21
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Ultrasonic Irrigant Activation during Root Canal Treatment: A Systematic Review. J Endod 2019; 45:31-44.e13. [PMID: 30558797 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence on the cleaning and disinfection of root canals and the healing of apical periodontitis when ultrasonic irrigant activation is applied during primary root canal treatment of mature permanent teeth compared with syringe irrigation. METHODS An electronic search was conducted of the Cochrane Library, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus databases using both free-text key words and controlled vocabulary. Additional studies were sought through hand searching of endodontic journals and textbooks. The retrieved studies were screened by 2 reviewers according to predefined criteria. The included studies were critically appraised, and the extracted data were arranged in tables. RESULTS The electronic and hand search retrieved 1966 titles. Three clinical studies and 45 in vitro studies were included in this review. Ultrasonic activation did not improve the healing rate of apical periodontitis compared with syringe irrigation after primary root canal treatment of teeth with a single root canal. Conflicting results were reported by the in vitro microbiological studies. Ultrasonic activation was more effective than syringe irrigation in the removal of pulp tissue remnants and hard tissue debris based on both clinical and in vitro studies. Ultrasonic activation groups were possibly favored in 13 studies, whereas syringe irrigation groups may have been favored in 3 studies. CONCLUSIONS The level of the available evidence was low, so no strong clinical recommendations could be formulated. Future studies should focus on the antimicrobial effect and healing of apical periodontitis in teeth with multiple root canals.
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22
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Varela P, Souza E, de Deus G, Duran-Sindreu F, Mercadé M. Effectiveness of complementary irrigation routines in debriding pulp tissue from root canals instrumented with a single reciprocating file. Int Endod J 2018; 52:475-483. [PMID: 30317653 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Varela
- Department of Endodontics; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Barcelona Spain
| | - E. Souza
- Department of Dentistry II; Federal University of Maranhão; São Luis Brazil
| | - G. de Deus
- Department of Endodontics; Grande Rio University; Duque de Caxias Brazil
| | - F. Duran-Sindreu
- Department of Endodontics; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Barcelona Spain
| | - M. Mercadé
- Department of Dentistry; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- IDIBELL Institute; Barcelona Spain
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23
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The Effect of Different Irrigation Agitation Techniques on Postoperative Pain in Mandibular Molar Teeth with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Endod 2018; 44:1451-1456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Effectiveness of irrigation strategies on the removal of the smear layer from root canal dentin. Odontology 2018; 107:142-149. [PMID: 29956060 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-018-0373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal of the smear layer by some commonly used (needle-and-syringe irrigation, sonic activation, ultrasonically activated irrigation) and new root canal irrigation strategies (negative pressure irrigation and polymer rotary file) using a novel approach by comparing pre- and post-experimental images. Prepared root canals (n = 50) were subjected to a split tooth model and divided into 5 groups (n = 10): (1) needle-and-syringe irrigation (control); (2) sonic activation (SA); (3) negative pressure irrigation with continuous warm activated irrigation and evacuation (CWA); (4) polymer finishing file (FF); (5) ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI). Smear layer scores and percentage of open dentinal tubules (%ODT) were evaluated by 2 examiners before and after irrigation procedures, from the middle and apical thirds of the root canal, on scanning electron microscopic images. Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc tests at P = 0.05. Needle-and-syringe irrigation (control) showed no significant difference (both smear score and %ODT) compared to the pre-experimental value (P > 0.05). All other groups showed lower smear scores and higher %ODT, compared to the control (P < 0.05). The lowest smear score and highest %ODT were observed in the CWA group, which was significantly different from all other groups (P < 0.05). SA group showed significantly higher smear scores and lower %ODT than FF or UAI (P < 0.05). CWA showed superior removal of smear layer in the middle and apical thirds of the root canal compared to the other irrigation strategies.
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Generali L, Campolongo E, Consolo U, Bertoldi C, Giardino L, Cavani F. Sodium hypochlorite penetration into dentinal tubules after manual dynamic agitation and ultrasonic activation: a histochemical evaluation. Odontology 2018; 106:454-459. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-018-0355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Neelakantan P, Khan K, Li KY, Shetty H, Xi W. Effectiveness of supplementary irrigant agitation with the Finisher GF Brush on the debridement of oval root canals instrumented with the Gentlefile or nickel titanium rotary instruments. Int Endod J 2018; 51:800-807. [PMID: 29363136 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the efficacy of a novel supplementary irrigant agitating brush (Finisher GF Brush, MedicNRG, Kibbutz Afikim, Israel) on the debridement of root canals prepared with a novel stainless steel rotary instrumentation system (Gentlefile; MedicNRG), or nickel titanium rotary instruments in oval root canals. METHODOLOGY Mandibular premolars (n = 72) were selected and divided randomly into three experimental groups (n = 24) after microCT scanning: group 1, canal preparation to rotary NiTi size 20, .04 taper (R20); group 2, rotary NiTi to size 25, .04 taper (R25) and group 3, Gentlefile size 23, .04 taper (GF). Specimens were subdivided into two subgroups: subgroup A, syringe-and-needle irrigation (SNI); subgroup B, Finisher GF Brush (GB). Ten untreated canals served as controls. Specimens were processed for histological evaluation, and the remaining pulp tissue (RPT) was measured. Data were analysed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests (P = 0.05). RESULTS All experimental groups had significantly less RPT than the control (P < 0.05). Group 3B (GF-GB) had significantly less RPT than groups 1B (R20-GB) and 2B (R25-GF; P < 0.05). When irrigated with SNI, there was no significant difference in the RPT between the three groups (P > 0.05). When instrumented with R20, there was no significant difference between SNI and GF (P < 0.05) whilst GB had significantly less RPT than SNI for R25 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Supplementary irrigant agitation with the Finisher GF Brush improved the debridement of canals prepared with Gentlefile and size 25, .04 taper rotary NiTi. Root canal debridement did not significantly differ between the instruments when syringe irrigation was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Neelakantan
- Discipline of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - K Khan
- Discipline of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - K Y Li
- Centralized Research Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - H Shetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, India
| | - W Xi
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua College of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Shetty VP, Naik BD, Pachlag AK, Yeli MM. Comparative evaluation of the amount of debris extruded apically using conventional syringe, passive ultrasonic irrigation and EndoIrrigator Plus system: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2018; 20:411-414. [PMID: 29430092 PMCID: PMC5799986 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_200_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of conventional syringe, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and EndoIrrigator Plus on the amount of apically extruded debris. Materials and Methods: Thirty extracted human mandibular premolars were selected and randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10). The root canals were irrigated with conventional syringe, PUI, and EndoIrrigator Plus. Sodium hypochlorite was used as an irrigant, and debris was collected in a previously described experimental model (Myers and Montgomery 1991). It was then stored in an incubator at 37°C for 10 days to evaporate the irrigant before weighing the dry debris. The mean weight of debris was assessed, one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of values, and post hoc Tukey's test was used between groups (P = 0.05). Results: The EndoIrrigator Plus group extruded significantly less debris than PUI and conventional syringe groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, PUI group extruded significantly less debris than conventional syringe irrigation group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: 1. All the three irrigation systems were associated with apical extrusion of debris, 2. EndoIrrigator Plus system extruded significantly less debris than the PUI system and the conventional syringe irrigation system, 3. PUI system extruded significantly less debris than the conventional syringe irrigation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi Prabhakar Shetty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Balaram Damodar Naik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit Kashinath Pachlag
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahantesh Mrityunjay Yeli
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
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Neelakantan P, Khan K, Hei Ng GP, Yip CY, Zhang C, Pan Cheung GS. Does the Orifice-directed Dentin Conservation Access Design Debride Pulp Chamber and Mesial Root Canal Systems of Mandibular Molars Similar to a Traditional Access Design? J Endod 2018; 44:274-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nagendrababu V, Jayaraman J, Suresh A, Kalyanasundaram S, Neelakantan P. Effectiveness of ultrasonically activated irrigation on root canal disinfection: a systematic review of in vitro studies. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:655-670. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Keleş A, Keskin C. A micro-computed tomographic study of band-shaped root canal isthmuses, having their floor in the apical third of mesial roots of mandibular first molars. Int Endod J 2017; 51:240-246. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Keleş
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Endodontics; Ondokuz Mayıs University; Samsun Turkey
| | - C. Keskin
- Faculty of Dentistry; Department of Endodontics; Ondokuz Mayıs University; Samsun Turkey
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Biofilms in Endodontics-Current Status and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081748. [PMID: 28800075 PMCID: PMC5578138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota are found in highly organized and complex entities, known as biofilms, the characteristics of which are fundamentally different from microbes in planktonic suspensions. Root canal infections are biofilm mediated. The complexity and variability of the root canal system, together with the multi-species nature of biofilms, make disinfection of this system extremely challenging. Microbial persistence appears to be the most important factor for failure of root canal treatment and this could further have an impact on pain and quality of life. Biofilm removal is accomplished by a chemo-mechanical process, using specific instruments and disinfecting chemicals in the form of irrigants and/or intracanal medicaments. Endodontic research has focused on the characterization of root canal biofilms and the clinical methods to disrupt the biofilms in addition to achieving microbial killing. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of microbial biofilms in endodontics and review the literature on the role of root canal disinfectants and disinfectant-activating methods on biofilm removal.
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Konstantinidi E, Psimma Z, Chávez de Paz LE, Boutsioukis C. Apical negative pressure irrigation versus syringe irrigation: a systematic review of cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system. Int Endod J 2017; 50:1034-1054. [PMID: 27898180 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to systematically review and critically analyse the published data on the treatment outcome (primary outcome) and on the cleaning and disinfection of root canals (secondary outcomes) achieved by negative pressure irrigation as compared to syringe irrigation. An electronic search was conducted in EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, SciELO, Scopus and Web of Knowledge using both free-text keywords and controlled vocabulary. Additional studies were sought through hand searching of endodontic journals and of the relevant chapters of endodontic textbooks. No language restriction was imposed. The retrieved studies were screened by two reviewers according to predefined criteria. Included studies were critically appraised and the extracted data were arranged in tables. The electronic search and hand search retrieved 489 titles. One clinical study and 14 in vitro studies were finally included in the review; none of these studies assessed treatment outcome, four studies assessed the antimicrobial effect, seven studies evaluated the removal of pulp tissue remnants, and four studies investigated the removal of hard tissue debris or both hard tissue debris and pulp tissue remnants. Poor standardization and description of the protocols was evident. Inconclusive results were reported about the cleaning and disinfection accomplished by the two irrigation methods. Negative pressure irrigation was more effective under certain conditions when compared to suboptimal syringe irrigation; however, the variability of the protocols hindered quantitative synthesis. There is insufficient evidence to claim general superiority of any one of these methods. The level of the available evidence is low, and the conclusions should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Konstantinidi
- Department of Endodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Z Psimma
- Private Practice, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L E Chávez de Paz
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - C Boutsioukis
- Department of Endodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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