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Elias VV, Lima RB, Lucisano MP, Araujo LDC, Pucinelli CM, Nelson-Filho P, da Silva RAB, da Silva LAB. Inflammatory response to bioceramic and epoxy resin-based endodontic sealers implanted in mice subcutaneous tissue: An in vivo study. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:2447-2458. [PMID: 38853352 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the inflammatory tissue response to BioRoot™ RCS (BR) and AH Plus Jet (AHPJ) sealers implanted in mice subcutaneous tissue. It was hypothesized that the inflammatory tissue response to BR would be milder than to AHPJ. An in vivo study was carried out using isogenic mice. The sealers were implanted during standardized surgical procedures. The inflammatory response was evaluated by microscopic analysis and von Kossa reaction in the reactionary tissue around the specimens after 7, 21, and 63 days. For comparisons, a zinc oxide and eugenol sealer (ZOE) was used as a positive control, in addition to a negative control without a sealer (n = 10 per group/period). All statistical analyses considered a significance level of 5%. All endodontic sealers triggered an inflammatory tissue response after 7 days. BR had a higher inflammatory cell count and a thicker fibrous capsule when compared with AHPJ, but both were less inflammatory than ZOE (p < .001). After 21 days, BR continued to trigger an intense inflammatory tissue response, higher in both microscopic parameters compared to AHPJ, and a thicker fibrous capsule than ZOE (p < .001). After 63 days, the inflammatory tissue response decreased in BR, matching the fibrous capsule thickness with AHPJ and ZOE. BR promoted intense calcium precipitation in all study periods. After 63 days, AHPJ and BR sealers were more biocompatible to subcutaneous mice tissue, but AHPJ present better early inflammatory response, as well as BR showed potential bioactivity. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The inflammatory tissue response triggered by a bioceramic endodontic sealer (BR) was not milder than that triggered by an epoxy-resin based endodontic sealer (AHPJ) during the first 3 weeks, considering the microscopic analysis of the reactionary tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Valente Elias
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Barbosa Lima
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marília Pacífico Lucisano
- Graduate Program in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lisa Danielly Curcino Araujo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Maschietto Pucinelli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Scalabrin SA, Hashizume LN, Weissheimer T, Só GB, Pereira JR, Kuga MC, da Rosa RA, Só MVR. Effect of ultrasonic activation on setting time, pH and calcium ion release, solubility, and chemical structure of calcium silicate sealers. Braz Dent J 2024; 35:5824. [PMID: 39045990 PMCID: PMC11262761 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202405824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the setting time, pH, calcium ion release, solubility, and chemical structure of four calcium silicate sealers after ultrasonic activation (UA). Five sealers were evaluated: Sealer Plus (SP - control); Sealer Plus BC (SPBC), Bio C Sealers (BCS), Endosequence BC Sealer (EBC), and BioRoot RCS (BR). Ten groups were created based on the use or not of ultrasonic activation: SP; SP/UA; SPBC; SPBC/UA; BCS; BCS/UA; EBC; EBC/UA; BR; and BR/UA. Setting time was performed based on ISO 6876:2012 and ASTM C266-07 specifications. Solubility at 24hs, based on ISO 6876:2012. pH and calcium release were evaluated at 1, 24, 72, and 168hs. Raman spectroscopy was used to evaluate structural changes. Quantitative data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test (α=5%). Raman spectroscopy results were qualitatively analyzed. Setting times and solubility of all sealers were not affected by UA (p>0.05). The highest solubility was found for BCS, BCS/UA; and BR, BR/UA (p<0.05). After 24hs, calcium silicate sealers had higher pH than SP and SP/UA (p<0.05). BR and BR/UA had the highest pH at all time points. SP and SP/UA had stable pH at all time points. SP and SP/UA had the lowest calcium release values at all time points (p<0.05). EBC and EBC/UA calcium release significantly differ at 24,72 and 168hs (p<0.05). No chemical changes were observed during Raman spectroscopy. In conclusion, ultrasonic activation affected calcium ion release only for EndoSequence BC Sealer. Ultrasonic activation did not influence the initial and final setting time, solubility, pH, and chemical structure of any investigated sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Argenta Scalabrin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lina Naomi Hashizume
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Theodoro Weissheimer
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Barcelos Só
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Milton Carlos Kuga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University,, Araraquara SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Abreu da Rosa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Reis Só
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Ochoa-Rodríguez VM, Coaguila-Llerena H, Fernandes L, B. Solcia AB, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Tanomaru-Filho M, Faria G. Evaluation of Solubility, and Volumetric and Morphological Alterations of Bioceramic Filling Material for Primary Teeth: A New Methodological Approach. Int J Dent 2024; 2024:5945033. [PMID: 38957372 PMCID: PMC11217577 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5945033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the solubility and the volumetric and morphological alterations of bioceramic filling material (Bio-CP) for primary teeth. Materials and Methods Bio-CP, Calen thickened with zinc oxide (Calen-ZO), and with zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) were placed in 1- or 2-mm-diameter polyethylene tubes and immersed in water or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 30 days. The solubility (mass loss) was assessed using methodology modified from ISO 6876. Filling capacity, volumetric changes, and presence of voids were assessed by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). The surface distribution of the chemical elements and the crystalline phases was evaluated by energy scattering X-ray scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to detect hydroxyapatite precipitate and components. The Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn's or two-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used (α = 0.05). Results The solubility was ZOE > Calen-ZO = Bio-CP. Calen-ZO and Bio-CP were more soluble in water than in PBS. All the materials showed greater solubility in 2-mm tube diameter in both PBS and distilled water, except for Bio-CP in distilled water, which showed no difference between both tube diameters (1 and 2 mm). Only Calen-ZO and ZOE were analyzed by micro-CT, because Bio-CP separated into two phases during scanning. Calen-ZO had greater volumetric loss and presence of voids than ZOE in water, but there was no difference in PBS. The hydroxyapatite precipitate on the surface of Bio-CP and Calen-ZO was detected after immersion in PBS. Conclusion Although Bio-CP had acceptable solubility and filling capacity, its composition did not allow a proper volumetric and void assessment. From a clinical perspective, Bio-CP has the potential to become a suitable material for root canal filling in primary teeth. Nonetheless, its composition must first be revised to achieve better chemical stability prior to its recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M. Ochoa-Rodríguez
- Department of Restorative DentistryAraraquara School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hernán Coaguila-Llerena
- Department of Restorative DentistryAraraquara School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of EndodonticsSchool of DentistryPeruvian University of Applied Sciences—UPC, Lima, Peru
| | - Leandro Fernandes
- Department of Dental Materials and ProsthesisAraraquara School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana B. B. Solcia
- Department of Restorative DentistryAraraquara School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliane M. Guerreiro-Tanomaru
- Department of Restorative DentistryAraraquara School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mário Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative DentistryAraraquara School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Faria
- Department of Restorative DentistryAraraquara School of DentistrySão Paulo State University—UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Penha ESD, Filho NADF, Medeiros LADMD, Rosendo RA, Silva MADD, Barbosa WT, García-Carrodeguas R, Rodríguez MA, Münchow EA, Lacerda-Santos R, Fook MVL. Analysis of Tissue Repair of a New Cement Based on Calcium and Strontium Aluminates: A Triple-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial in an Animal Model. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38776981 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1786875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The focus of this triple-blind randomized study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of a new root canal filling sealer (RCFS) based on tristrontium aluminate and dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate in living tissue. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-five Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into three groups: control (polyethylene), sealer (Bio-C Sealer, Londrina, PR, Brazil), and experimental (tristrontium aluminate and dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate). The tissues were analyzed under an optical microscope to assess different cellular events at different time intervals (7, 15, and 30 days). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (p < 0.05) tests. RESULTS In the initial period, a moderate inflammatory infiltrate was observed, similar between the endodontic cements groups (p = 0.725). The intensity of the infiltrate decreased with time, with no significant difference among the groups (p > 0.05). The number of young fibroblasts was elevated in all groups evaluated at 7 days. The experimental group showed the highest number of cells at all time intervals, but the difference with the sealer group at 7 (p = 0.001) and 15 days (p = 0.002) and the control group at 30 days was not significant (p = 0.001). Regarding tissue repair events, the amount of collagen fibers increased over the experimental intervals, with no significant difference between the sealer and control groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The experimental RCFS based on calcium and strontium aluminates proved to be biocompatible for use in close contact with periapical tissue, inducing a low inflammatory reaction and favoring rapid tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizandra Silva da Penha
- Department of Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosana Araújo Rosendo
- Department of Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Willams Teles Barbosa
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Forming and Joining (CIMATEC ISI F&J), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eliseu Aldrighi Münchow
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rogério Lacerda-Santos
- Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Lia Fook
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
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Kim HI, Jang YE, Kim Y, Kim BS. Physicochemical Changes in Root-Canal Sealers under Thermal Challenge: A Comparative Analysis of Calcium Silicate- and Epoxy-Resin-Based Sealers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1932. [PMID: 38673289 PMCID: PMC11052323 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We compared the effects of heat on the physicochemical properties of recently developed calcium silicate-based sealers (CSBSs), including BioRoot Flow, BioRoot RCS, and AH Plus Bioceramic sealer, with those of the epoxy-resin-based sealer (ERBS) AH Plus. METHODS The flow, film thickness, setting time, and solubility of sealers were evaluated at 37 °C and 100 °C using ISO 6876/2012. Furthermore, pH and calcium ion release were evaluated at these temperatures. In addition, the mass change in sealers at a high temperature was assessed via thermogravimetric analysis. Then, the chemical composition and components of the sealers were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). RESULTS BioRoot Flow, AH Plus Bioceramic, and AH Plus complied with ISO standards in terms of flow and film thickness, both before and after heat application. However, BioRoot RCS exhibited significantly increased film thickness at 100 °C. The setting times of all sealers were significantly reduced at 100 °C. The solubility of CSBS was >3%, exceeding the ISO 6876/2012 standard, both before and after heat exposure. Conversely, the solubility of AH Plus complied with the standard, regardless of the thermal condition. For 4 weeks, CSBS showed a significantly higher pH than AH Plus at both 37 °C and 100 °C. After heat treatment, calcium release decreased in Bioroot RCS and BioRoot Flow, while AH Plus showed no significant differences before and after treatment. However, CSBS consistently exhibited significantly higher calcium release than AH Plus at both temperatures. An FTIR analysis revealed that the chemical composition of the sealers did not change at the high temperature, whereas a thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated a >5% weight reduction in CSBS and a 0.005% weight reduction in AH Plus at 100 °C. CONCLUSIONS BioRoot Flow, AH Plus Bioceramic, and AH Plus possess favorable physicochemical properties, which make them suitable for application under thermal conditions. At a high temperature, BioRoot RCS did not exhibit changes in its chemical composition. However, its film thickness was increased, and pH and solubility were reduced. Therefore, caution is needed when it is applied at high temperatures, such as during the warm obturation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-In Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07986, Republic of Korea; (H.-I.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Young-Eun Jang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07986, Republic of Korea; (H.-I.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yemi Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07986, Republic of Korea; (H.-I.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Bom Sahn Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07986, Republic of Korea
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de Almeida-Junior LA, de Campos Chaves Lamarque G, Herrera H, Arnez MFM, Lorencetti-Silva F, Silva RAB, Silva LAB, Paula-Silva FWG. Analysis of the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of CeraSeal, BioRoot™ and AH Plus ® sealers in pre-osteoblast lineage cells. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:262. [PMID: 38389110 PMCID: PMC10882839 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the present study was to evaluate in vitro the cytotoxicity and bioactivity of various endodontic sealers (CeraSeal, BioRoot™ and AH Plus®) in pre-osteoblast mouse cells (MC3T3 cells). METHODS MC3T3 cells (ATCC CRL-2594) were plated in 1 × 104 cells/well in 96-well plates in contact with endodontic sealers at concentrations of 1:10 and 1:100. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay after 24 and 48 h. In addition, sealer bioactivity was measured by RT-PCR for mediator of inflammation (Tnf, Ptgs2) and mineralization (Runx2, Msx1, Ssp1 and Dmp1) after 24 h and by Alizarin Red S Assay of mineralization after 28 days. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey's post-test at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS BioRoot™ presented 24-hour cytotoxicity (p < 0.05) at 1:10 concentration. In the period of 48 h, no endodontic cement was cytotoxic to the cells compared to the control (p > 0.05). TNF-α gene expression was induced by AH Plus® (p < 0.05), while Ptgs2 was induced by the CeraSeal and BioRoot™ (p < 0.05). The expression of Runx2 was stimulated by BioRoot™ and AH Plus® (p < 0.05). In contrast, the expression of Dmp-1 Dmp1 was higher for the CeraSeal and BioRoot™ (p < 0.05). Nonetheless, the sealers did not impact the formation of mineralization nodules (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION CeraSeal, BioRoot™ and AH Plus® sealers were not cytotoxic to MC3T3 cells within 48 h, but differentially induced the expression of genes related to inflammation and mineralization without impacting biomineralization by the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Aparecido de Almeida-Junior
- Department of Clinics and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Giuliana de Campos Chaves Lamarque
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Henry Herrera
- Universidad Católica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Maya Fernanda Manfrin Arnez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Assed Bezerra Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Francisco Wanderley Garcia Paula-Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Cafe s/n, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil.
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Katakidis A, Kodonas K, Fardi A, Gogos C. A scientometric, bibliometric, and thematic map analysis of hydraulic calcium silicate root canal sealers. Restor Dent Endod 2023; 48:e41. [PMID: 38053781 PMCID: PMC10695731 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2023.48.e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This scientometric and bibliometric analysis explored scientific publications related to hydraulic calcium silicate-based (HCSB) sealers used in endodontology, aiming to describe basic bibliometric indicators and analyze current research trends. Materials and Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in Web of Science and Scopus using specific HCSB sealer and general endodontic-related terms. Basic research parameters were collected, including publication year, authorship, countries, institutions, journals, level of evidence, study design and topic of interest, title terms, author keywords, citation counts, and density. Results In total, 498 articles published in 136 journals were retrieved for the period 2008-2023. Brazil was the leading country, and the universities of Bologna in Italy and Sao Paolo in Brazil were represented equally as leading institutions. The most frequently occurring keywords were "calcium silicate," "root canal sealer MTA-Fillapex," and "biocompatibility," while title terms such as "calcium," "sealers," "root," "canal," "silicate based," and "endodontic" occurred most often. According to the thematic map analysis, "solubility" appeared as a basic theme of concentrated research interest, and "single-cone technique" was identified as an emerging, inadequately developed theme. The co-occurrence analysis revealed 4 major clusters centered on sealers' biological and physicochemical properties, obturation techniques, retreatability, and adhesion. Conclusions This analysis presents bibliographic features and outlines changing trends in HCSB sealer research. The research output is dominated by basic science articles scrutinizing the biological and specific physicochemical properties of commonly used HCSB sealers. Future research needs to be guided by studies with a high level of evidence that utilize innovative, sophisticated technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Katakidis
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kodonas
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Fardi
- Department of Dentoalveolar Surgery, Surgical Implantology & Radiology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos Gogos
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Rodrigues Cândido Lopes G, Paz Dotto ME, Hideo Nomura L, Peressoni Vieira Schuldt D, Garcia LDFR, da Silveira Teixeira C. Impact of Heating Exposure on the Micro-Push-Out Bond Strength of Bioceramic Sealers. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:3327275. [PMID: 37942468 PMCID: PMC10630006 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3327275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of heating of bioceramic and epoxy resin-based sealers on their micro-push-out bond strength (BS) to root canal dentin. Methods After criterial selection, 30 human teeth were decoronated and 1-mm thick slices (n = 60) were obtained perpendicularly along tooth axis, from cervical and middle root thirds, with a diamond disc attached to a cutting machine. In each slice, three 1.0-mm diameter orifices were made. After rinsing with 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl, each orifice was filled with Bio-C Sealer or BioRoot RCS or AH Plus, according to the manufacturers' instructions. After filling, half of the slices (n = 30) were heated at 100°C for 1 min, and the other half were kept at room temperature. After 7 days-controlled storage, micro-push-out test was performed in a Universal Testing Machine. Failures were analyzed using a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was performed with One-Way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey (α = 5%) tests. Results AH Plus demonstrated higher BS values after heating (p=0.001) when compared to nonheated. The other sealers did not show a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). When heated, the average BS values for AH Plus were higher than for BioRoot RCS and Bio-C Sealer (p < 0.001). Cohesive failure mode was the most frequent, followed by adhesive and mixed ones. Conclusion Heating provided a higher push-out BS to root dentin for AH Plus and did not influence BioRoot RCS or Bio-C sealer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Rodrigues Cândido Lopes
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Paz Dotto
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lincon Hideo Nomura
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cleonice da Silveira Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Smran A, Abdullah M, Ahmad NA, Alrahlah A, Al-Maflehi N, Samran A. Influence of long -term thermal cycling and masticatory loading simulation on bond strength of roots filled with epoxy resin and calcium silicate based sealers. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:673. [PMID: 37723511 PMCID: PMC10507990 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermal and mechanical cyclic aging using a mastication simulator on push-out bond strength of mandibular premolars obturated with AH Plus and BioRoot RCS root canal sealers. METHODS With REVO-S files up to SU/0.06 taper, 48 single-rooted premolar teeth were instrumented. The teeth were randomly divided into two main groups (n = 24) based on the two root canal sealers used (AH Plus and BioRoot RCS). All teeth were obturated with h matched-taper single-cone. Each main group was then subdivided into three subgroups (A, B, and C) (n = 8). Group A served as the negative control group (no-thermocycling aging). While groups B and C were subjected to thermal changes in a thermocycler machine (15,000 and 30,000 thermal cycles, respectively), followed by two different dynamic loading periods, 3 × 105 and 6 × 105 in a masticatory simulator with a nominal load of 5 kg at 1.2 Hz which represent roughly 1½ and 3 years of clinical function respectively. 2 mm slice at 3 levels, apical, middle, and coronal, to obtain 3 sections were prepared and subjected to push-out test using a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Tukey post hoc comparisons test and an independent T-test. A significance level of 5% was used. RESULTS After thermal-mechanical cyclic aging, the two root canal sealers showed a significantly decreased in push-out bond strength (p < 0.05), however, AH Plus had significantly higher bond strength values than BioRoot RCS after cycling aging. CONCLUSIONS It could be concluded that thermal-mechanical cyclic aging had a significant impact on the outcome of the dislodgment resistance of AH Plus and BioRoot RCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Smran
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al-Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariam Abdullah
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Norasmatul Akma Ahmad
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ali Alrahlah
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, 11545, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nassr Al-Maflehi
- Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Samran
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al-Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
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10
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Sokolonski AR, Amorim CF, Almeida SR, Lacerda LE, Araújo DB, Meyer R, Portela RD. Comparative antimicrobial activity of four different endodontic sealers. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1717-1721. [PMID: 37166626 PMCID: PMC10484879 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental cements are widely used in the clinical routine, specifically for root canal sealing. Within this context, it is expected that these materials present antimicrobial activity, since it would help in the prevention of apical and periapical infections. The present study aimed to comparatively verify the antimicrobial activity of four dental cements against microorganisms that are routinely isolated from endodontic infections. Reference strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli were submitted to the agar diffusion test and to modified direct contact test using four different sealers: an eugenol zinc oxide compound, an epoxy resin associated to calcium hydroxide and bismuth, a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and a bioceramics. Different E. coli, C. albicans and E. faecalis growth inhibition profiles were observed in the agar diffusion assay. In the direct contact test, the bioceramics presented a higher microbicide activity on all microorganisms tested herein. Dental cements have different antimicrobial activities, being that the bioceramics present the most consistent antimicrobial activity, and that the direct contact test presented more uniform results than the agar diffusion test. This study reveals the antimicrobial activities of different cements and allow dentists to decide which material to employ in their daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Sokolonski
- Laboratory of Oral Biochemistry, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ferreira Amorim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Ricardo Almeida
- Laboratory of Oral Biochemistry, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Lacerda
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Danilo Barral Araújo
- Laboratory of Oral Biochemistry, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dias Portela
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil.
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11
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Küçükkaya Eren S. Clinical applications of calcium silicate-based materials: a narrative review. Aust Dent J 2023; 68 Suppl 1:S96-S109. [PMID: 37885314 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Calcium silicate-based materials are hydrophilic materials with biocompatibility and bioactivity properties. Despite many advantages, they might present some problems related to discolouration, setting time, manipulation and solubility depending on the composition of the product and the type of clinical application. Calcium silicate-based materials can be evaluated under two types according to their intended use: calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) and calcium silicate-based sealers (CSSs). CSCs can be used in many endodontic procedures including perforation repair, resorption repair, apical barriers, guided endodontic repair, vital pulp treatment, endodontic surgery, root fractures and root canal filling as a core obturation material. CSSs are available for use with gutta-percha to obturate root canals using cold and warm techniques, including the sealer-based obturation technique. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the available literature on CSCs and CSSs and to provide up-to-date information and recommendations for their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Küçükkaya Eren
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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dos Santos GSB, Carvalho CN, Tavares RRDJ, Silva PGDB, Candeiro GTDM, Maia EM. Tissue repair capacity of bioceramic endodontic sealers in rat subcutaneous tissue. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:25-32. [PMID: 37466522 PMCID: PMC10355271 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the tissue repair capacity of four bioceramic endodontic sealers by quantifying type I and III collagen fibers. The following sealers were tested: EndoSequence BC Sealer (Brasseler, Brasseler, Savannah, USA), Bio C Sealer (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil), Bioroot RCS (Septodont, Santa Catarina, Brazil), and Sealer Plus BC (MKLife, Porto Alegre, Brazil). Polyethylene tubes 1.5 mm in diameter and 1 cm in length containing the endodontic sealers were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of five rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar lineage). After 14 days, the animals were euthanized, and collagen fibers were quantified from the histological tissue sections. Given a non-normal distribution of the data, a gamma regression with log link function was employed and implemented through the generalized linear models module, was used to test whether there was a significant difference between the sealers. The pairwise comparison was performed using Least significant difference. There were significant differences between the sealers for type I (p=0.001), type III (p=0.023), and total collagen (p=0.002). Overall, Bioroot sealer was statistically superior to the other sealers, except in the analysis of type III collagen, in which there was no difference between the Bioroot sealer and Bio C Sealer sealer and the control group (p>0.05). Bioroot RCS bioceramic endodontic sealer stimulates a greater production of collagen.
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Tedesco M, Vitali FC, Bortoluzzi EA, Garcia LDFR, Teixeira CDS. Analysis of physicochemical properties of endodontic sealers containing rhodamine B. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 140:105699. [PMID: 36753848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of fluorescent dyes in microscopy studies is frequent. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether these compounds may alter the physicochemical properties of materials in which they are incorporated to avoid methodological biases. This study evaluated the physicochemical properties of two endodontic sealers containing dry or diluted rhodamine B. Six groups were evaluated: AH Plus and MTA Fillapex in their original composition and mixed with 0.1% dry or diluted rhodamine. Push-out test was applied to assess the bond strength to root dentin. ANSI-ADA No. 57 and ISO No. 6876:2012 specifications were followed to evaluate flowability, setting time, and solubility of the sealers. pH changes were assessed after 24 h, 7, and 30 days. Intergroup comparisons were analyzed by ANOVA complemented by Tukey's post-hoc test; comparisons among periods were analyzed by Wilcoxon and Friedman tests. The incorporation of dry rhodamine decreased the bond strength and prolonged the setting time of AH Plus. The incorporation of diluted rhodamine decreased the setting time and increased the flowability of MTA Fillapex. Diluted rhodamine promoted pH reduction of AH Plus after 24 h and dry rhodamine after 7 days. Rhodamine incorporation promoted pH reduction after 30 days for MTA Fillapex. Solubility was not affected. In conclusion, the incorporation of diluted rhodamine changed the properties of MTA Fillapex, and the incorporation of dry rhodamine changed the properties of AH Plus. Previous dilution of rhodamine did not severely compromise the physicochemical properties of AH Plus and may be suggested to assess its penetrability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maybell Tedesco
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Filipe Colombo Vitali
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Antunes Bortoluzzi
- Department of Diagnosis & Oral Health, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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14
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Razdan A, Benetti A, Bakhshandeh A, Darvann T, Bjørndal L. Dimensional changes of endodontic sealers-An in vitro model simulating a clinical extrusion scenario during 18 months. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:299-313. [PMID: 36628604 PMCID: PMC10098291 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the dimensional changes of endodontic sealers during 18 months using three-dimensional (3D) surface scanning and subtraction radiography in a novel in vitro sealer-extrusion model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty endodontically instrumented acrylic teeth were randomly allocated to five groups (n = 10) filled with Apexit Plus, AH Plus, BioRoot RCS, TubliSeal EWT, and gutta-percha (control). Freshly mixed sealers were intentionally extruded during obturation. All teeth were immersed in a physiologic solution for up to 18 months. Blinded 3D surface scans (resolution: ~10 μm) and digital radiographs of the teeth were obtained at baseline (immediately after obturation); and then after 1 week, and at 1, 3, and 18 months. For blinded assessment of sealer dimensional change, 3D models and radiographs were superimposed using specific software. Volumetric differences, root mean square (RMS), and area change from subtraction radiography measured at each period within each sealer group were thereafter calculated. Repeated measures analyses were done with Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons; standard errors, p values, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. RESULTS Analyses of the volumetric data confirmed significant, progressive material loss for Apexit Plus when compared to the other investigated sealers or the control group (p ≤ 0.02). Immersion period significantly influenced the volumetric dimensional changes of Apexit Plus already after 1 month (p < 0.01). For TubliSeal EW, the effect of the immersion period on the dimensional changes was noted after immersion for 3 months (p ≤ 0.02), while for BioRoot RCS this was evident only at 18 months (p < 0.01). Same trends were noted for the RMS data, whereas progressive dimensional changes using subtraction radiography only revealed significant changes for Apexit Plus (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The largest dimensional changes were shown by Apexit Plus, followed by Tubliseal EWT and BioRoot RCS. AH Plus remained stable throughout 18 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Razdan
- Department of Odontology, Section of Dental Materials, Section of Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
- Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology and Endodontics, Section of Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral RadiologyAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Ana R. Benetti
- Department of Odontology, Section of Dental Materials, Section of Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
| | - Azam Bakhshandeh
- Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology and Endodontics, Section of Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
| | - Tron A. Darvann
- 3D Craniofacial Image Research Laboratory, School of DentistryUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
- 3D Craniofacial Image Research Laboratory, Centre of Head and OrthopaedicsCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagen NDenmark
- 3D Craniofacial Image Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer ScienceTechnical University of DenmarkCopenhagen NDenmark
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryCopenhagen University Hospital RigshospitaletCopenhagen NDenmark
| | - Lars Bjørndal
- Department of Odontology, Section of Cariology and Endodontics, Section of Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
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15
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Koo J, Kwak SW, Kim HC. Differences in setting time of calcium silicate-based sealers under different test conditions. J Dent Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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16
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Eskandari F, Razavian A, Hamidi R, Yousefi K, Borzou S. An Updated Review on Properties and Indications of Calcium Silicate-Based Cements in Endodontic Therapy. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:6858088. [PMID: 36349079 PMCID: PMC9637478 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6858088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Regarding the common use of calcium silicate cements (CSCs) in root canal therapy, their position in the context of past and present dentistry agents can provide a better understanding of these materials for their further improvement. In this context, the present review article addresses a wide range of recent investigations in the field of CSC-based products and describes details of their composition, properties, and clinical applications. The need for maintaining or reconstructing tooth structure has increased in contemporary endodontic treatment approaches. This research thus discusses the attempts to create comprehensive data collection regarding calcium ion release, bond strength, alkalinizing activity and bioactivity, and the ability to stimulate the formation of hydroxyapatite as a bioactive feature of CSCs. Sealing ability is also highlighted as a predictor for apical and coronal microleakage which is crucial for the long-term prognosis of root canal treatment integrity. Other claimed properties such as radiopacity, porosity, and solubility are also investigated. Extended setting time is also mentioned as a well-known drawback of CSCs. Then, clinical applications of CSCs in vital pulp therapies such as pulpotomy, apexification, and direct pulp capping are reviewed. CSCs have shown their benefits in root perforation treatments and also as root canal sealers and end-filling materials. Nowadays, conventional endodontic treatments are replaced by regenerative therapies to save more dynamic and reliable hard and soft tissues. CSCs play a crucial role in this modern approach. This review article is an attempt to summarize the latest studies on the clinical properties of CSCs to shed light on the future generation of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Eskandari
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Razavian
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rozhina Hamidi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khadije Yousefi
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research Center, Shiraz Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Susan Borzou
- University of Pennsylvania, College of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Chaves de Souza L, Teixeira Neves GS, Kirkpatrick T, Letra A, Silva R. Physico-chemical and biological properties of AH Plus Bioceramic. J Endod 2022; 49:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Suwartini T, Santoso J, Widyarman AS, Ratnasari D. Efficacy of Bioceramic and Calcium Hydroxide-Based Root Canal Sealers against Pathogenic Endodontic Biofilms: An In vitro Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2022; 13:322-330. [PMID: 36687000 PMCID: PMC9855266 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_198_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complete eradication of root canal pathogens cannot be predictably achieved by chemomechanical preparation and root canal disinfection. Therefore, an obturation material that has superior antimicrobial activity and sealing ability is required to inactivate residual microbes and prevent them from reentering the root canal system. Recently developed bioceramic root canal sealers are hydraulic cement which form calcium hydroxide during the hydration process. Like calcium hydroxide sealers, they exert an antimicrobial effect by releasing hydroxyl ions and increasing the pH. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of a calcium hydroxide-based sealer and two bioceramic sealers against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans biofilms. Materials and Methods The sealers were dissolved in sterile saline to obtain supernatants. Biofilm formation assays, colony counting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of each supernatant. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. Results All sealers exerted effects against all three microbial biofilms. The biofilm formation assays showed that the bioceramic sealers were more effective against P. gingivalis and E. faecalis biofilms. In contrast, colony counting and real-time PCR showed that the calcium hydroxide sealer was significantly more effective than the bioceramic sealers. All tests showed that the calcium hydroxide sealer was more effective against C. albicans, with the colony count and real-time PCR results showing statistically significant differences. Conclusion The calcium hydroxide-based sealer was more effective than the bioceramic sealers in eradicating pathogenic root canal biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Suwartini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jessica Santoso
- Conservative Dentistry Postgraduate Program, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Armelia Sari Widyarman
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dina Ratnasari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Radwanski M, Leski M, Puszkarz AK, Sokolowski J, Hardan L, Bourgi R, Sauro S, Lukomska-Szymanska M. A Micro-CT Analysis of Initial and Long-Term Pores Volume and Porosity of Bioactive Endodontic Sealers. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2403. [PMID: 36289666 PMCID: PMC9599172 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of the porosities within the interface of root canals obturated with endodontics materials is extremely important for the long-term success of endodontic treatments. The aim of this study was to compare initial and long-term volume of pores (total, open, closed) and porosity (total, regional) of three bioactive endodontic sealers: GuttaFlow Bioseal, Total Fill BC Sealer, and BioRoot RCS. Root canals were obturated with three “bioactive” sealers using the single-cone technique. The volume of open and closed pores and porosity were calculated using a micro-computed tomography (MCT) method. The measurements were performed after 7 days (initial) and after 6 months (long-term) of incubation. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. The total volume of pores remained unchanged after the 6-month storage. GuttaFlow Bioseal exhibited significantly higher long-term volume in open pores than Total Fill BC Sealer. The total porosity in all the tested sealers presented no statistically significant change after the 6-month storage, except for BioRoot RCS. The total porosity values of this latter material significantly increased after long-term incubation, especially in the apical region. In conclusion, the use of bioactive sealers with excessive tendency to create porosities both in shorth- and long-term periods of storage may compromise the long-term success of endodontic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Radwanski
- Department of Endodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Leski
- Department of Endodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam K. Puszkarz
- Institute of Material Science of Textiles and Polymer Composites, Faculty of Material Technologies and Textile Design, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego Street, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sokolowski
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Rim Bourgi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera C/Del Pozo ss/n, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
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20
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Medium- and Long-Term Re-Treatment of Root Canals Filled with a Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer: An Experimental Ex Vivo Study. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103501. [PMID: 35629528 PMCID: PMC9145273 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the possibility of re-treating a calcium silicate-based sealer (CSBS), compared to an epoxy-resin sealer (RBS), using rotary instrumentation at different times from obturation (1 month/1 year). Thirty-six human mandibular premolars, extracted as a result of orthodontic or periodontal problems, were instrumented and randomly divided into three groups of 12: BR and BR*, which were filled with CSBS and re-treated after one month and one year of storage, respectively, and AH, which was filled with RBS and re-treated after one month. The same re-treatment protocol was used for all teeth, and the times required for the procedure was recorded. The re-treated specimens were longitudinally sectioned and examined at the stereomicroscope (SM) at 20× magnification. Image J Software was used to process the microphotographs. The percentage of residual filling materials in the root canal and the apical third, the ability to reach working length WL and patency, and the time taken to complete the re-treatment were recorded and analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni test (p = 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and coupled energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were applied to representative samples to evaluate canal cleanliness and chemical elements. Patency and WL were re-established in all of the teeth. Residual filling materials were retained in all specimens of the three groups. The mean percentage of residual materials was significantly different between BR and BR* (p-value = 0.048), with BR* showing the highest values. The mean time to complete re-treatment was significantly lower for AH, followed by BR (p = 0.0001) and BR* (p = 0.0078). Conclusions: After both medium and long storage periods, the CSBS can be concluded to have been successfully removed from canals with simple anatomy.
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21
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Camilleri J, Atmeh A, Li X, Meschi N. Present status and future directions: Hydraulic materials for endodontic use. Int Endod J 2022; 55 Suppl 3:710-777. [PMID: 35167119 PMCID: PMC9314068 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydraulic materials are used in Endodontics due to their hydration characteristics namely the formation of calcium hydroxide when mixing with water and also because of their hydraulic properties. These materials are presented in various consistencies and delivery methods. They are composed primarily of tricalcium and dicalcium silicate, and also include a radiopacifier, additives and an aqueous or a non-aqueous vehicle. Only materials whose primary reaction is with water can be classified as hydraulic. OBJECTIVES Review of the classification of hydraulic materials by Camilleri and the literature pertaining to specific uses of hydraulic cements in endodontics namely intra-coronal, intra-radicular and extra-radicular. Review of the literature on the material properties linked to specific uses providing the current status of these materials after which future trends and gaps in knowledge could be identified. METHODS The literature was reviewed using PUBMED, and for each clinical use, the in vitro properties such as physical, chemical, biological and antimicrobial characteristics and clinical data were extracted and evaluated. RESULTS A large number of publications were retrieved for each clinical use and these were grouped depending on the property type being investigated. CONCLUSIONS The hydraulic cements have made a difference in clinical outcomes. The main shortcoming is the poor testing methodologies employed which provide very limited information and also inhibits adequate clinical translation. Furthermore, the clinical protocols need to be updated to enable the materials to be employed effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josette Camilleri
- School of DentistryCollege of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Amre Atmeh
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine (HBMCDM)Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU)DubaiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Oral Health SciencesBIOMAT – Biomaterials Research GroupKU Leuven and DentistryUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Nastaran Meschi
- Department of Oral Health SciencesBIOMAT – Biomaterials Research GroupKU Leuven and DentistryUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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22
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Angkasuvan V, Panichuttra A, Nawachinda M, Ratisoontorn C. Evaluation of pH and calcium ion release at the simulated external root resorption cavities of teeth obturated with bioceramic sealer. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:900-905. [PMID: 35384399 PMCID: PMC9382044 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate pH and calcium ion release at the outer dentin surface of simulated external root resorption cavities after root canals obturated with bioceramic root canal sealer compared with those medicated with calcium hydroxide. Materials and Methods Sixty extracted human single‐rooted teeth were selected and instrumented. External root resorption cavities were prepared at the lingual surface of the root. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups: (1) Bioceramic sealer group, canals were obturated with gutta‐percha and BioRoot sealer; (2) Calcium hydroxide group, canals were medicated with UltraCal XS; (3) Control group, canals were left empty. Thirty specimens were used for evaluation of pH at 7, 14, and 28 days (n = 10 per group) and the other 30 specimens were used for evaluation of calcium ion diffusion at 28 days (n = 10 per group). Results Calcium hydroxide group showed the highest median pH value at all time points (7, 14, and 28 days). Both calcium hydroxide and bioceramic sealer groups showed significantly higher median pH values compared with control (p < .001). Comparing within groups, both bioceramic sealer group and calcium hydroxide group showed significantly decreased median pH over time, while the median pH of the control did not show any significant difference among Days 7, 14, and 28. Both calcium hydroxide and bioceramic sealer groups had significantly higher calcium ion release than control. Notably, bioceramic sealer group showed significantly higher calcium ion release than the calcium hydroxide group (p < .01). Conclusions Root canals obturated with gutta‐percha and bioceramic sealer showed high calcium ion levels at the simulated external root resorption cavities but did not show an extended period of alkaline pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitchayapun Angkasuvan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anchana Panichuttra
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mettachit Nawachinda
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Chootima Ratisoontorn
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Division of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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23
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Impact of Immersion Media on Physical Properties and Bioactivity of Epoxy Resin-Based and Bioceramic Endodontic Sealers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040729. [PMID: 35215641 PMCID: PMC8878582 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of immersion media [distilled water (dw), phosphate buffered saline (pbs) and simulated body fluid (sbf)] in the physical properties [fluid uptake/sorption/solubility and alkalinization activity (pH)] and bioactivity of a bioceramic sealer: the BioRoot RCS (BioRoot) (Septodont). The epoxy-resin sealer AH Plus (Dentsply) was used as comparison. Sealers were immersed in dw, pbs and sbf to evaluate the fluid uptake/sorption/solubility and pH’s media. Bioactivity was assessed with SEM/EDS, FTIR-ATR and XRD. BioRoot solubility was as follows: sbf > pbs = dw. BioRoot had alkaline pH, and AH Plus had neutral pH, regardless of the medium. BioRoot presented mineral precipitates and peaks indicating hydroxyapatite-precursors in pbs and sbf. AH Plus physical properties were not affected by immersion media and it had no bioactivity. pbs and sbf should be preferred to investigate bioceramic sealers over distilled water, because they were able to highlight the sealer properties. BioRoot maintained the alkaline environment and favored hard tissue deposition.
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24
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Aravelli S, Veeramachaneni C, Dundigalla S. Comparative evaluation of push-out bond strength of bioceramic and epoxy sealers after using various final irrigants: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:145-150. [PMID: 35720830 PMCID: PMC9205351 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_10_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study is to compare the push-out bond strength of bioceramic and epoxy sealers after using various final irrigants. Materials and Methods: Hundred single-rooted teeth were divided into two groups (n = 50) according to the sealer used: Group A: Bio C (bioceramic sealer), Group B: Dia-Proseal (epoxy sealer). Each group was subdivided into five subgroups (n = 10) according to the final irrigation protocol: Group A1 and B1 – 5% glycolic acid (GA), Group A2 and B2 – 17% GA, Group A3 and B3 – 0.2% chitosan, Group A4 and B4 – 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and Group A5 and B5 – 0.9% saline. Samples were obturated in combination with one of the mentioned sealers and were allowed to set for 1 week. Two horizontal slices were obtained from each sample and subjected to push-out test. Statistical Analysis: The data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and independent Student's t-test. Results: Both the sealers exhibited higher push-out bond strength after treatment with GA with no significant difference between 5% and 17% GA. Bio C sealer with GA as final irrigant showed higher bond strength than Dia-Proseal (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The push-out bond strength of the sealer was significantly affected by the final irrigation solution used. The highest push-out bond strength was seen with Bio C sealer after treatment with GA with no significant difference between 5% and 17% GA.
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25
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Navjot SM, Ashu J, Kamalpreet K, Navneet KM, Manu R, Divya B. The effect of natural reducing agents on push-out bond strength of AH plus and BioRoot RCS to sodium hypochlorite treated root dentin. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:130-134. [PMID: 34759577 PMCID: PMC8562831 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_52_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the effect of natural anticoagulants 6.5% proanthocyanidin (PA) and 25% bamboo salt on push-out bond strength (PBS) of AH Plus and BioRoot RCS to dentin. Subjects and Methods: 30 single-rooted extracted human teeth were collected. After establishing the working length samples were prepared up to size F3. 5 ml of 3% NaOCl was used as irrigant during instrumentation followed by rinse with 5 ml of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Samples were randomly divided into groups based on the final irrigation solution: Group I – AH plus sealer group, Ia – Saline group, Ib – PA group, Ic – Bamboo salt (BS) group. Group II – BioRoot RCS group, IIa – Saline group, IIb – PA group, IIc – BS group. After obturation, samples were embedded in self-cure acrylic resin and 2 mm thick root slices were made at coronal middle and apical 3rd. These slices were subjected to PBS testing followed by stereomicroscopic examination for checking the mode of failure. Statistical Analysis Used: Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's post hoc test. Results: 3% NaOCl significantly decreased the bond strength of AH Plus as compared to BioRoot RCS to dentin (P < 0.05). Both PA and BS were capable of increasing the PBS of AH Plus and BioRoot RCS to NaOCl-treated dentin. Conclusions: Final irrigation with antioxidants such as PA and BS eliminates the risk of reduced bond strength of sealer to root canal walls, which ensues following the use of NaOCl as an irrigant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mann Navjot
- Professor and Head, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, National Dental College and Hospital, Punjab, India
| | - Jhamb Ashu
- Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, National Dental College and Hospital, Punjab, India
| | - Kaur Kamalpreet
- PG Student, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, National Dental College and Hospital, Punjab, India
| | - K Mann Navneet
- Reader, Department of Prosthodontics, National Dental College and Hospital, Punjab, India
| | - Rana Manu
- Reader, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, National Dental College and Hospital, Punjab, India
| | - Batra Divya
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, National Dental College and Hospital, Punjab, India
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26
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Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite Concentration in Continuous Chelation on Dislodgement Resistance of an Epoxy Resin and Hydraulic Calcium Silicate Sealer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203482. [PMID: 34685241 PMCID: PMC8537795 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The conditioning of the root canal wall during chemo-mechanical root canal treatment differentially affects the adhesion of root canal sealers. This investigation evaluated the impact of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) concentration as used in a root canal irrigation concept called continuous chelation, with 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) contained in the NaOCl solution that is applied. Fourier-transform infrared spectra of the dentinal wall were gathered. The consequential effects on push-out bond strength of an epoxy resin (AH Plus) versus a hydraulic CaSi sealer (BioRoot RCS) were assessed. Single-rooted extracted human teeth were used and irrigated with pure NaOCl at a concentration of 0% (physiological saline), 2.5%, or 5.25%. Dual Rinse HEDP (9%) was added to the solutions, or not added for further control. Pure NaOCl solutions caused a decrease in the amide III: phosphate ratios, which was counter-acted by the addition of HEDP. It was observed that the adhesion of the epoxy resin sealer under investigation was negatively affected by this NaOCl deproteinization of the canal wall in a dose-dependent manner, while the opposite was observed with the CaSi sealer. HEDP when used in conjunction with NaOCl was beneficial for the adhesion of both sealers.
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27
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Baranwal HC, Mittal N, Garg R, Yadav J, Rani P. Comparative evaluation of retreatability of bioceramic sealer (BioRoot RCS) and epoxy resin (AH Plus) sealer with two different retreatment files: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2021; 24:88-93. [PMID: 34475687 PMCID: PMC8378486 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_657_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the retreatability of BioRoot RCS and AH Plus sealer with two different retreatment file systems using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for assessing the filling remnants. Materials and Methods: A total of sixty mandibular premolars with single and oval root canals were prepared till size F3 and obturated with GP/AH Plus (Group 1) and GP/BioRoot RCS (Group 2). Canals were then retreated using two different retreatment file systems – ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTUR) system and NeoEndo Retreatment system. The ability to re-establish working length (WL) and apical patency was recorded, and the percentage volume of residual filling material was evaluated using CBCT at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Data from the study were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with Pearson's Chi-squared analysis and the Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: No statistically significant difference was found in the amount of residual sealer (AH Plus and BioRoot RCS) after retreatment throughout the whole study (P > 0.05) at various root canal levels. Furthermore, the BioRoot RCS group retreated with the PTUR system showed a higher frequency of failure in re-establishing WL and regaining apical patency than the other groups. Conclusion: Complete removal of root canal sealers could not be achieved regardless of the type of sealer used and the retreatment technique employed. Furthermore, in clinical settings, the retreatability of novel BioRoot RCS may be deemed feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harakh Chand Baranwal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Mittal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Riya Garg
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prachi Rani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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28
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Alsubait S, Alhathlol N, Alqedairi A, Alfawaz H. A micro-computed tomographic evaluation of retreatability of BioRoot RCS in comparison with AH Plus. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:222-227. [PMID: 33119208 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the retreatability of filling material from canals filled with BioRoot RCS (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fosses, France) and AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) combined with gutta-percha using micro-computed tomography for evaluation. Thirty-four mandibular premolars were divided into two groups according to the sealer used. Thirty days after obturation, canals were retreated with a ProTaper Universal retreatment system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) followed by passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). The time taken for retreatment was recorded. The roots were scanned after obturation, after retreatment and after PUI. Data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. Canals filled with BioRoot RCS exhibited significantly less remaining filling material than canals filled with AH Plus (P < 0.05). The addition of PUI resulted in a significant decrease in the residual material in both groups (P < 0.05). A significantly shorter retreatment time was reported for the AH Plus group than the BioRoot RCS group (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alsubait
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nuha Alhathlol
- Endodontic Residency Program, Saudi Commission for Health Specialist, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alqedairi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Alfawaz
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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29
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Sfeir G, Zogheib C, Patel S, Giraud T, Nagendrababu V, Bukiet F. Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers: A Narrative Review and Clinical Perspectives. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143965. [PMID: 34300886 PMCID: PMC8306764 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, calcium silicate-based materials have grown in popularity. As root canal sealers, these formulations have been extensively investigated and compared with conventional sealers, such as zinc oxide-eugenol and epoxy resin-based sealers, in in vitro studies that showed their promising properties, especially their biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, and certain bioactivity. However, the consequence of their higher solubility is a matter of debate and still needs to be clarified, because it may affect their long-term sealing ability. Unlike conventional sealers, those sealers are hydraulic, and their setting is conditioned by the presence of humidity. Current evidence reveals that the properties of calcium silicate-based sealers vary depending on their formulation. To date, only a few short-term investigations addressed the clinical outcome of calcium silicate-based root canal sealers. Their use has been showed to be mainly based on practitioners' clinical habits rather than manufacturers' recommendations or available evidence. However, their particular behavior implies modifications of the clinical protocol used for conventional sealers. This narrative review aimed to discuss the properties of calcium silicate-based sealers and their clinical implications, and to propose rational indications for these sealers based on the current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germain Sfeir
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut 17-5208, Lebanon; (G.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Carla Zogheib
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut 17-5208, Lebanon; (G.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Shanon Patel
- King’s College London Dental Institute, Guy’s Tower, Guy’s Hospital, St. Thomas’ Street, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Thomas Giraud
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci, 13288 Marseille, France;
| | - Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Frédéric Bukiet
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci, 13288 Marseille, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)6-4395-2183
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30
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Retana-Lobo C, Tanomaru-Filho M, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Benavides-García M, Hernández-Meza E, Reyes-Carmona J. Push-Out Bond Strength, Characterization, and Ion Release of Premixed and Powder-Liquid Bioceramic Sealers with or without Gutta-Percha. SCANNING 2021; 2021:6617930. [PMID: 34040690 PMCID: PMC8121597 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6617930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the push-out bond strength of premixed and powder-liquid bioceramic sealers with or without gutta-percha (GP) cone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radicular dentin samples were prepared from 80 single-rooted human teeth. After root canal preparation using ProTaper® and irrigation with NaOCl and EDTA, teeth were divided according to the root canal sealer (n = 20): AH Plus®, EndoSequence® BC Sealer™, ProRoot® Endo Sealer, and BioRoot™ RCS. Samples were randomly divided into two subgroups (n = 10): GP-S: root canal filling using the single-cone technique, or S: filling with only sealer. Specimens were kept at 37°C and 100% humidity in calcium-free PBS for 30 days. The push-out bond strength was measured in MPa. Fractured specimens were observed at 25x to evaluate the type of failure. pH and calcium ion release were measured at different experimental periods. Raman and SEM-EDAX analyses were performed for root canal sealers. Data were analysed using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey test at a significance of P < 0.05. RESULTS Push-out bond strength was greater for samples obturated with only sealers (S) than samples obturated with the single-cone technique (GP-S) (P < 0.05). BioRoot™ RCS had greater bond strength than EndoSequence® BC Sealer™. Adhesive failures between cement and gutta-percha cone (87.5%) were predominant in the GP-S. Cohesive failures were predominant for S (80%). BioRoot™ RCS and ProRoot® ES presented higher alkalinization potential than the premixed sealer (EndoSequence® BC Sealer™). Powder-liquid bioceramic sealers (BioRoot™ RCS and ProRoot® ES) released the highest cumulative amount of calcium (28.46 mg/L and 20.05 mg/L). CONCLUSION Push-out test without gutta-percha cone presents higher bond strength for bioceramic sealers. Powder-liquid calcium silicate-based sealers present greater bioactivity related to alkalinization potential and calcium ion release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Retana-Lobo
- Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, San José 11502, Costa Rica
| | - Mario Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil
| | | | | | - Erick Hernández-Meza
- Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, San José 11502, Costa Rica
| | - Jessie Reyes-Carmona
- Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, San José 11502, Costa Rica
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31
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Silva EJNL, Ferreira CM, Pinto KP, Barbosa AFA, Colaço MV, Sassone LM. Influence of variations in the environmental pH on the solubility and water sorption of a calcium silicate-based root canal sealer. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1394-1402. [PMID: 33829659 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the influence of pH variation on the solubility and water sorption of a premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealer (EndoSequence BC Sealer) compared to the gold standard based on epoxy resin (AH Plus Jet) after immersion in distilled water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). METHODOLOGY Solubility and water sorption were evaluated after immersion in distilled water or PBS at several pHs (5, 7 and 12) and the values were calculated as percentages of the original mass after 24 h, 7 and 30 days of immersion. The crystalline structures present in the sealers and surface precipitates were assessed by X-ray diffraction. The Shapiro-Wilk's test revealed that data were normally distributed; thus, statistical analysis was performed using one-way anova and Tukey's tests or independent t-test, assuming a 5% α-error. RESULTS EndoSequence BC Sealer was associated with significantly greater water sorption and solubility compared to AH Plus Jet in all tested conditions (P < 0.05). The acid environment increased the 24 h solubility of EndoSequence BC Sealer immersed in PBS (P < 0.05) and did not induce significative changes in the water sorption (P > 0.05). Alkaline pH reduced the solubility of EndoSequence BC Sealer and increased that of AH Plus Jet at all experimental times and soaking media (P < 0.05). Alkaline environment also significantly increased the water sorption of AH Plus Jet immersed in PBS (P < 0.05). Immersion in PBS significantly reduced the solubility of EndoSequence BC Sealer and significantly increased that of AH Plus Jet (P < 0.05). Precipitates on the surface of EndoSequence BC Sealer corresponding to hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate were detected after immersion in PBS at pH 5 and 7 for 30 days. CONCLUSIONS EndoSequence BC Sealer had significantly greater solubility and water sorption than AH Plus Jet. Although the alkaline pH and soaking media directly influenced the solubility and water sorption of the sealers, the solubility of AH Plus Jet remained within the limits recommended by ISO 6876, whilst the solubility of the EndoSequence BC Sealer did not comply with ISO recommendations in all the conditions tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J N L Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C M Ferreira
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - K P Pinto
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A F A Barbosa
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M V Colaço
- Laboratory of Applied Physics to Biomedical Science, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L M Sassone
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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32
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Park MG, Kim IR, Kim HJ, Kwak SW, Kim HC. Physicochemical properties and cytocompatibility of newly developed calcium silicate-based sealers. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:512-519. [PMID: 33894082 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the physical properties and cytocompatibility of contemporary calcium silicate-based sealers. Four calcium silicate-based sealers (BrightEndo MTA sealer, CeraSeal, EndoSeal TCS and One-Fil) were compared to an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus). Flow, setting time, radiopacity and dimensional change were evaluated according to ISO 6876 standards. Cytotoxicity on human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cells was compared for biological properties using MTT assay. The surface of the sealer was analysed using scanning electron microscopy to evaluate cell attachment. Flow and radiopacity of all sealers met ISO standards, while setting time and dimensional stability did not meet the ISO standards. Calcium silicate-based sealers showed favourable cytocompatibility, and hPDLF cells were well attached to the calcium silicate-based sealers. Calcium silicate-based sealers have clinically acceptable flow and radiopacity, and cytocompatibility. However, these sealers had longer setting time and higher dimensional change than those required by ISO 6876.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Gyu Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea
| | - In-Ryoung Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea.,Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Oral Physiology, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea.,Periodontal Diseases Signaling Network Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sang Won Kwak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea.,Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea.,Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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Hoshino RA, Delfino MM, da Silva GF, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Tanomaru-Filho M, Sasso-Cerri E, Cerri PS. Biocompatibility and bioactive potential of the NeoMTA Plus endodontic bioceramic-based sealer. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e4. [PMID: 33680893 PMCID: PMC7906839 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the biocompatibility and bioactive potential of NeoMTA Plus mixed as a root canal sealer in comparison with MTA Fillapex. Materials and Methods Polyethylene tubes filled with NeoMTA Plus (n = 20), MTA Fillapex (n = 20), or nothing (control group, CG; n = 20) were inserted into the connective tissue in the dorsal subcutaneous layer of rats. After 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, the specimens were processed for paraffin embedding. The capsule thickness, collagen content, and number of inflammatory cells (ICs) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) immunolabeled cells were measured. von Kossa-positive structures were evaluated and unstained sections were analyzed under polarized light. Two-way analysis of variance was performed, followed by the post hoc Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05). Results At 7 days, the capsules around NeoMTA Plus and MTA Fillapex had more ICs and IL-6-immunostained cells than the CG. However, at 60 days, there was no significant difference in the IC number between NeoMTA Plus and the CG (p = 0.1137) or the MTA Fillapex group (p = 0.4062), although a greater number of IL-6-immunostained cells was observed in the MTA Fillapex group (p = 0.0353). From 7 to 60 days, the capsule thickness of the NeoMTA Plus and MTA Fillapex specimens significantly decreased, concomitantly with an increase in the collagen content. The capsules around root canal sealers showed positivity to the von Kossa stain and birefringent structures. Conclusions The NeoMTA Plus root canal sealer is biocompatible and exhibits bioactive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Alameda Hoshino
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Mateus Machado Delfino
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ferreira da Silva
- Pro-Rectory of Research and Post-graduation, School of Dentistry, Universidade Sagrado Coração (USC), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mário Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Estela Sasso-Cerri
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Cerri
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Silva EJNL, Cardoso ML, Rodrigues JP, De-Deus G, Fidalgo TKDS. Solubility of bioceramic- and epoxy resin-based root canal sealers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:690-702. [PMID: 33523574 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether epoxy resin-based root canal sealers present an increased solubility than calcium silicate-based root canal sealers. A systematic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Open Grey. The inclusion criteria consisted of in vitro studies that compared the solubility of epoxy resin-based and calcium silicate-based sealers. The quality assessment and data extraction of the selected articles were performed. The meta-analysis of the pooled data and the subgroups according to the root thirds were carried out using the RevMan software (P < 0.05). After the duplicate removal and eligibility criteria assessment, a total of 22 studies were included all of them were considered as having a low risk of bias. The meta-analysis demonstrated overall lower solubility of AH Plus. AH Plus presented lower solubility than Bio-C Sealer, BioRoot RCS, MTA Fillapex, Sealer Plus and Total Fill BC Sealer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel J N L Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Milla Lessa Cardoso
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Perrut Rodrigues
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gustavo De-Deus
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Kelly da Silva Fidalgo
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Dželetović B, Milanović I, Antonijević Đ, Badnjar J, Petrov Z, Petrović V, Teodorović N. Radiopacity of Premixed calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers. ACTA STOMATOLOGICA NAISSI 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/asn2184256d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Premixedcalcium silicate-based sealers are ready-to-use, injectable materials with advantageous biological properties that create environment favorable for periapical tissues repair and health. The aim of our study was to examine the radiopacities of premixed calcium silicate-based sealers:TotalFill BCSealer, EndoSequence BC Sealer, Ceraseal, Bio-C Sealer and to compare them with epoxy-basedsealer, AH Plus. Material and methods: Three specimens (2 mm thick and 5 mm in diameter) of each sealer were radiographed using charge-coupled device-baseddigital sensor (Trophy Radiology, Cedex, France) along with an aluminum stepwedge reference.For radiopacity determination, a graph of the logarithm of aluminum thickness versus radiographic density was plotted and a calibration curve was generated. Radiopacities were assessed from the graph and presented as millimeters of aluminum per millimeter of material (mmAl).ANOVA with a post hoc Tukey test was used for statistical analysis and significance was set at 0.05. Results: Radiopacity values of EndoSequence BC Sealer and Bio-C Sealerwere significantly lower than radiopacities of Ceraseal and AH Plus. Differences in values between EndoSequence BC Sealer and Bio-C Sealer as well as between Ceraseal and AH Plus were nonsignificant. TotalFill BC Sealer was nonsignificantly different from all other sealers. Conclusion: Premixed calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers evaluated in our study had radiopacity values higher than 9 mmAl, in ascending order,from Bio-C Sealer, EndoSequence BC Sealer, TotalFill BC Sealer to Ceraseal.
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Baghdadi I, Zaazou A, Tarboush B, Zakhour M, Özcan M, Salameh Z. Physiochemical properties of a bioceramic-based root canal sealer reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, titanium carbide and boron nitride biomaterials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Aksel H, Makowka S, Bosaid F, Guardian MG, Sarkar D, Azim AA. Effect of heat application on the physical properties and chemical structure of calcium silicate-based sealers. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2717-2725. [PMID: 32975704 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03586-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of heat application on the setting and chemical properties of HiFlow BC Sealer and compare to other calcium silicate (CSBS) and epoxy resin-based root canal sealers. MATERIALS AND METHODS AH Plus, BioRoot RCS (BioRoot), Endosequence BC (Endosequence), and HiFlow BC (HiFlow) sealers were placed at 37 °C or subjected to heat at 200 °C for 10 or 30 s, followed by incubation at 37 °C in a humidified incubator during experiments. Setting time, viscosity, and flow were assessed, and changes in chemical structure were evaluated using the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Thermogravimetric analysis was also used to evaluate the weight change (%) of the sealers upon heating from room temperature to 37 °C or 200 °C at a rate of 20 °C/min. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni post-hoc test (p = 0.05). RESULTS Application of heat extended the setting time for Endosequence and HiFlow but resulted in a faster setting of AH Plus and BioRoot. The highest flow and lower viscosity were observed in HiFlow at high temperature (p < 0.05), whereas the lowest flow with the highest viscosity and greatest weight loss were observed in BioRoot after heat application (p < 0.05). FTIR spectra demonstrated no changes to functional groups after heat application, except for the strong H-O-H absorption peak corresponding to water in BioRoot. CONCLUSIONS Endosequence and HiFlow showed similar chemical properties with a higher flow and lower viscosity in HiFlow after heat application. Heat application resulted in reduced flow, increased viscosity, and weight loss for BioRoot. The setting of AH Plus was fastened with heat, while its weight loss, viscosity, and flow characteristics were stable. CLINICAL RELEVANCE HiFlow, Endosequence, and AH Plus can be all used with WVC obturation techniques. Heat application resulted in minor changes in their physical properties including setting time, flow, weight loss, and chemical properties, while BioRoot showed a significant amount of weight loss, increase in viscosity, and reduced flowability after heat application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Aksel
- Division of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Steven Makowka
- Dental Materials Research Laboratory, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Fatima Bosaid
- Division of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Debanjan Sarkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Adham A Azim
- Division of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Lim M, Jung C, Shin DH, Cho YB, Song M. Calcium silicate-based root canal sealers: a literature review. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e35. [PMID: 32839716 PMCID: PMC7431927 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resin-based sealers are currently widely used, and several studies have considered AH Plus to be the gold-standard sealer. However, it still has limitations, including possible mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, inflammatory response, and hydrophobicity. Drawing upon the advantages of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium silicate-based sealers were introduced with high levels of biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. Because of the hydrophilic environment in root canals, water resorption and solubility of root canal sealers are important factors contributing to their stability. Sealers displaying lower microleakage and stronger push-out bond strength are also needed to endure the dynamic tooth environment. Although the physical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers meet International Organization for Standardization recommendations, and they have consistently reported to be biocompatible, they have not overcome conventional resin-based sealers in actual practice. Therefore, further studies aiming to improve the physical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyoung Lim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Chanyong Jung
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yong-bum Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Minju Song
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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de Freitas JV, Ebert J, Mazzi-Chaves JF, Tomazinho FSF, Sousa-Neto MDD, Lohbauer U, Baratto-Filho F. Temperature changes affect the rheological properties of a silicone-based and an epoxy resin-based root canal sealers. AUST ENDOD J 2020; 46:394-399. [PMID: 32725846 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate temperature changes on the rheological properties (setting time and complex viscosity (η*)) of GuttaFlow Bioseal (GFB) and AH Plus Jet (AHPJ). Rheological measurements were performed in oscillating mode at the strain amplitude and angular frequency of 0.01% and 10 rad s-1 , respectively. Each sealer (n = 5) was tested running a temperature ramp (rapid increase to 80°C, 1 min constantly at 80°C, and slower decrease to 37°C). Control groups (n = 5) were tested at a constant temperature of 37°C. Kolmogorov-Smirnov and one-way ANOVA (P < 0.05) statistical tests were performed. The temperature ramp reduced setting time of GFB (24.85 to 4.45 min) (P < 0.05), but did not alter that of AHPJ (P > 0.05). GFB exhibited an increased η*, whereas the AHPJ η* was decreased when heated (P < 0.05). Rheological properties of sealers were negatively affected by temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Ebert
- Dental Clinic 1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen- Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ulrich Lohbauer
- Dental Clinic 1 - Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen- Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Flares Baratto-Filho
- Department of Dentistry, Universidade da Região de Joinville - Univille, Joinville, Brazil
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Šimundić Munitić M, Budimir A, Jakovljević S, Anić I, Bago I. Short-Term Antibacterial Efficacy of Three Bioceramic Root Canal Sealers Against Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilms. Acta Stomatol Croat 2020; 54:3-9. [PMID: 32523152 PMCID: PMC7233124 DOI: 10.15644/asc54/1/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of three bioceramic root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilm. Material and methods E. faecalis bacterial suspension was grown on filter paper discs on agar plates. After the incubation period, the discs were covered with four different root canal sealers: 1) Premixing bioceramic root canal sealer (TotalFill BC Sealer); 2) Dual component bioceramic sealer (BioRoot RCS); 3) Mineral trioxide agreggate based sealer (MTA Fillapex); 4) Epoxy resin-based selar (AH Plus). After contact time of 60 minutes, the sealers were removed, and the discs were transferred into sterile tubes containing phosphate buffered saline. After serial dilutions, the aliquots of the suspension were cultivated for 24 hours. After the incubation period, the colony forming units (CFUs) were counted. Results There were no significant differences in antibacterial efficacy between the Total Fill BC Sealer and the AH Plus sealer (p=0.386). Both sealers showed better antibacterial efficacy compared to the BioRoot RCS and the MTA Fillapex (p<0.001). Conclusion The Total Fill BC Sealer and AH Plus had better antibacterial efficacy than the BioRoot RCS and the MTA Fillapex sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Budimir
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Jakovljević
- Department of Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivica Anić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivona Bago
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
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Delfino MM, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Tanomaru-Filho M, Sasso-Cerri E, Cerri PS. Immunoinflammatory response and bioactive potential of GuttaFlow bioseal and MTA Fillapex in the rat subcutaneous tissue. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7173. [PMID: 32346066 PMCID: PMC7188821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of GuttaFlow bioseal (GFB) and MTA Fillapex (MTAF) in comparison with Endofill (EF) in the subcutaneous tissue. Polyethylene tubes with GFB, MTAF, EF or empty tubes (control group; CG) were implanted into subcutaneous of rats. After 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, the capsule thickness, inflammatory reaction, interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), caspase-3, TUNEL-positive cells, von Kossa and ultrastructural features were evaluated. The data were statistically analyzed (p ≤ 0.05). At all periods, the number of IL-6- and VEGF-immunolabelled cells, and capsule thickness were lower in GFB than MTAF, which was lower than EF (p < 0.0001). At 60 days, the number of inflammatory cells was similar in GFB and MTAF (p = 0.58). Significant differences in the number of TUNEL- and caspase-3-positive cells were not observed among GFB, MTAF and CG whereas the highest values were found in EF specimens. The EF specimens exhibited several cells with condensed chromatin, typical of apoptosis. von Kossa-positive and birefringent structures were only observed in GFB and MTAF, suggesting the presence of calcite crystals. Taken together, these results show that cellular and structural damage induced by GFB and MTAF sealers were recovery over time. Moreover, these sealers express bioactive potential in subcutaneous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Machado Delfino
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mário Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Estela Sasso-Cerri
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry - Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Dental School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Cerri
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry - Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Dental School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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Jing Y, Gong T, Duan C, Wang H, Zhang C, Neelakantan P. In vitro cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential of calcium silicate-based dental cements in a root canal-filling model. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060519894801. [PMID: 31884862 PMCID: PMC7645323 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519894801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential of an experimental calcium silicate-based cement and the inflammatory response in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). METHODS Cellular responses, osteogenic-related gene expression, and the production of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were studied in hPDLSCs exposed to the experimental root canal-filling material C-Root, the commercial tricalcium silicate-based material BioRoot RCS, and the epoxy resin-based material AH Plus. Differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparison. RESULTS Exposure to BioRoot and C-Root caused time-dependent increases in cell proliferation. Significantly more mineralized nodules were formed in cells exposed to AH Plus and BioRoot compared with the negative control. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was significantly lower in AH Plus cells compared with negative control, BioRoot, and C-Root cells. ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), and runt-related transcription factor2 (RUNX2) mRNA expression levels were all significantly higher in C-Root compared with AH Plus cells at day 7. IL-6 and IL-8 levels differed significantly among the experimental groups, with the highest IL-8 levels in BioRoot cells at days 7 and 14. CONCLUSION The experimental root canal-filling material C-Root has similar in vitro cytocompatibility to BioRoot and better osteogenic potential than AH Plus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jing
- The Fifth Division, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Discipline of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ting Gong
- Discipline of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chenggang Duan
- The Fifth Division, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- The Fifth Division, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Discipline of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Discipline of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Milanovic I, Milovanovic P, Antonijevic D, Dzeletovic B, Djuric M, Miletic V. Immediate and Long-Term Porosity of Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers. J Endod 2020; 46:515-523. [PMID: 32094001 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Open pores between endodontic sealer and root canal walls present potential niches for bacterial growth and migration pathways. The aim was to assess the internal and external porosity of calcium silicate-based sealers and to ascertain the long-term effect of storage in simulated body fluid on sealer porosity. METHODS Sixteen single-rooted teeth were filled with gutta-percha and 1 of 4 root canal sealers: BioRoot RCS, EndoSequence BC, MTA Fillapex, or AH Plus. Obturated roots, stored in Hank's balanced salt solution, were scanned after 7 days and after 6 months by using micro-computed tomography at an isotropic resolution of 9.9 μm. Total, open, and closed porosity were calculated in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Data were statistically analyzed by using general linear model and paired t test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Significantly higher percentage of open than closed porosity was found in all groups. Initially, significantly greater open and total porosity were found for MTA Fillapex than for AH Plus. After 6 months, the percentage of open and total porosity increased in BioRoot RCS and MTA Fillapex and decreased in AH Plus and EndoSequence BC. Both initially and after storage, coronal region of all sealers had significantly greater total porosity than middle and apical regions, which were comparable. CONCLUSIONS None of the root fillings were void-free, with predominant open porosity persisting after long-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Milanovic
- DentalNet Research Group, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Milovanovic
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djordje Antonijevic
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Dzeletovic
- DentalNet Research Group, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Djuric
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Miletic
- DentalNet Research Group, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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İnce Yusufoglu S, Akman M, Akbulut MB, Eldeniz AÜ. Fracture resistance of roots enlarged with various rotary systems and obturated with different sealers. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2019; 13:215-220. [PMID: 31857868 PMCID: PMC6904921 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2019.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. This in vitro study compared the fracture resistance of roots instrumented either with ProTaper or One Shape rotary systems and filled with one of the silicate, epoxy resin or silicone-based sealers. Methods. Sixty single-rooted extracted mandibular premolars were decoronated to a length of 13 mm and then randomly divided into two main groups (n=30) in terms of the rotary system used for preparation. Group 1 samples were instrumented with the ProTaper Universal system up to a master apical file of #F2, while samples in group 2 were enlarged with One Shape system. The two main groups were then divided into 3 subgroups in terms of the sealer used (n=10) and filled with guttapercha (either F2 or MM-GP points) of the rotary system used and one of the sealers as follows: group 1, BioRoot RCS + ProTaper F2 gutta-percha; group 2, AH Plus + ProTaper F2 gutta-percha; group 3, GuttaFlow + ProTaper F2 gutta-percha; group 4, BioRoot RCS+ MM-GP points; group 5, AH Plus + MM-GP points; and group 6, GuttaFlow + MM-GP points. Each specimen then underwent fracture testing by using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min until the root fractured. Data were statistically analyzed. Results. Two-way ANOVA showed no significant differences between the groups. One Shape instruments showed significantly better fracture resistance compared to ProTaper instruments. Statistically, no significant difference was found between AHPlus, GuttaFlow and BioRoot RCS sealers. Conclusion. It can be concluded that the rotary system used for the instrumentation of teeth has some influence on the fracture resistance, while the root canal sealers do not have such an effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen İnce Yusufoglu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turky
| | - Melek Akman
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Konya Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Makbule Bilge Akbulut
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Konya Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ayce Ünverdi Eldeniz
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Tanomaru-Filho M, Cristine Prado M, Torres FFE, Viapiana R, Pivoto-João MMB, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM. Physicochemical Properties and Bioactive Potential of a New Epoxy Resin-based Root Canal Sealer. Braz Dent J 2019; 30:563-568. [PMID: 31800750 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201802861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate physicochemical properties and bioactive potential of Sealer Plus, in comparison with MTA Fillapex, Sealapex and AH Plus. Setting time, flow, and radiopacity were evaluated based on ISO 6876 Standard. Flow was also assessed in area (mm²). The solubility and volumetric change of the sealers were evaluated after 7 and 30 days of immersion in distilled water. Solubility was evaluated by the difference in mass of materials before and after immersion. Volumetric change was evaluated by using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). The bioactive potential was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) after immersion in PBS. Data were compared using ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). Sealer Plus presented the shortest setting time (196 min.) and Sealapex the longest (912 min.) (p<0.05). AH Plus showed the highest radiopacity (9.5 mm Al) and MTA Fillapex the lowest (2.7 mm Al) (p<0.05). All the sealers presented flow in accordance with ISO 6876/2012 (>17 mm). Sealer Plus showed low solubility and volumetric change (<1%), and MTA Fillapex showed the highest solubility (>25%), and volumetric change (>4%) after all time intervals (p<0.05). MTA Fillapex was the only sealer that showed bioactive potential. In conclusion, Sealer Plus presented proper physicochemical properties. However, this sealer did not present a bioactive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Tanomaru-Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maiby Cristine Prado
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Raqueli Viapiana
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Primus CM, Tay FR, Niu LN. Bioactive tri/dicalcium silicate cements for treatment of pulpal and periapical tissues. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:35-54. [PMID: 31146033 PMCID: PMC6717675 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over 2500 articles and 200 reviews have been published on the bioactive tri/dicalcium silicate dental materials. The indications have expanded since their introduction in the 1990s from endodontic restorative and pulpal treatments to endodontic sealing and obturation. Bioactive ceramics, based on tri/dicalcium silicate cements, are now an indispensable part of the contemporary dental armamentarium for specialists including endodontists, pediatric dentists, oral surgeons andfor general dentists. This review emphasizes research on how these materials have conformed to international standards for dental materials ranging from biocompatibility (ISO 7405) to conformance as root canal sealers (ISO 6876). Potential future developments of alternative hydraulic materials were included. This review provides accurate materials science information on these important materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The broadening indications and the proliferation of tri/dicalcium silicate-based products make this relatively new dental material important for all dentists and biomaterials scientists. Presenting the variations in compositions, properties, indications and clinical performance enable clinicians to choose the material most suitable for their cases. Researchers may expand their bioactive investigations to further validate and improve materials and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Primus
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA.
| | - Franklin R Tay
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA
| | - Li-Na Niu
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, USA; State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Hena, China
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Donnermeyer D, Göbell L, Bürklein S, Dammaschke T, Schäfer E. Duration of Immersion and Type of Immersion Solution Distort the Outcome of Push-Out Bond Strength Testing Protocols. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2860. [PMID: 31491864 PMCID: PMC6766057 DOI: 10.3390/ma12182860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the influence of immersion duration and the type of immersion solution on the outcome of push-out bond strength (POBS) tests. Root canals of 120 straight single-rooted teeth were instrumented to a diameter of 1.5 mm and irrigated with 5 mL of 3% NaOCl. Four horizontal slices with a thickness of 1 mm were cut, representing the mid-portion of the root. The specimens (n = 480) were irrigated with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) for 60 seconds, then twice with distilled water (DW) for 30 s each. The canals were filled with either AH Plus (Dentsply Sirona, Konstanz, Germany) or BioRoot RCS (Septodont, St. Maur-des-Fossés, France) (n = 240). Separated into four groups per type of sealer (n = 60), the specimens were incubated at 37 °C covered with gauze moistened in DW or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for either one or eight weeks. Dislodgement resistance was measured and POBS was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p = 0.05). AH Plus showed higher POBS when stored in PBS compared to DW, irrespective of the incubation period (p < 0.05). BioRoot RCS displayed higher POBS when stored in DW compared to PBS after eight weeks of incubation (p < 0.05). No difference was found after one week of incubation (p > 0.05). Irrespective of the sealer or the immersion solution, POBS decreased from one week to eight weeks (p < 0.05). Mixed failure modes were found in all groups irrespective of sealer, immersion medium, or immersion period. POBS decreased after a longer incubation time in both immersion solutions. Duration of immersion and the type of immersion solution had a significant impact on the outcome of the POBS testing protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Donnermeyer
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Westphalian Wilhelm-University, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Lena Göbell
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Westphalian Wilhelm-University, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bürklein
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, Westphalian Wilhelm-University, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Till Dammaschke
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Westphalian Wilhelm-University, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Edgar Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, Westphalian Wilhelm-University, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Ballal NV, Ulusoy Öİ, Rao S, Gandhi P. The efficacy of different irrigation protocols in removing tricalcium silicate-based sealers from simulated root canal irregularities. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1862-1868. [PMID: 31368166 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different irrigation protocols in removing two tricalcium silicate-based sealers from simulated root canal irregularities and root canal walls. MATERIAL AND METHODS Root canals of 140 single-rooted teeth were instrumented. In one-half of each root, an apical groove was created. The samples were divided into two main groups (n = 70) based on the sealer used. In group 1, the grooves were filled with MTA Fillapex; in group 2, BioRoot RCS. The reassembled root halves were divided into six experimental and one control groups: 2.5% NaOCl-17% EDTA (Passive ultrasonic irrigation [PUI]), 5% NaOCl/9% DualRinse HEDP (PUI), 2.5% NaOCl-7% Maleic acid (PUI), 2.5% NaOCl-17% EDTA (Er:YAG laser activated irrigation [LAI]), 2.5% NaOCl/9% DualRinse HEDP (LAI), 2.5% NaOCl-7% Maleic acid (LAI), Distilled water (Control). Specimens were scored using SEM. The data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests. RESULTS Maleic acid and DualRinse HEDP removed higher amounts of MTA Fillapex from the grooves compared to EDTA, when used with both activation methods (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Ultrasonically activated maleic acid or DualRinse HEDP can be an effective irrigation regimen in removing tricalcium silicate-based sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidambur Vasudev Ballal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Özgür İlke Ulusoy
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sheetal Rao
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Poornika Gandhi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
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Benetti F, de Azevedo Queiroz ÍO, Oliveira PHCD, Conti LC, Azuma MM, Oliveira SHPD, Cintra LTA. Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of a new bioceramic endodontic sealer containing calcium hydroxide. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e042. [PMID: 31508725 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of a new bioceramic endodontic sealer (i.e., Sealer Plus BC) in comparison with those of MTA Fillapex and AH Plus. L929 fibroblasts were cultured and Alamar Blue was used to evaluate cell viability of diluted extracts (1:50, 1:100, and 1:200) from each sealer at 24 h. Polyethylene tubes that were filled with material or empty (as a control) were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. The rats were killed after 7 and 30 d (n = 8), and the tubes were removed for histological analysis. Parametric data was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test, and nonparametric data was analyzed via the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn test (p < 0.05). A reduction in cell viability was observed in the extracts that were more diluted for Sealer Plus BC when compared to that of Control and AH Plus (p < 0.05). However, the 1:50 dilution of the Sealer Plus BC was similar to that of the Control (p > 0.05). Conversely, more diluted extracts of MTA Fillapex (1:200) and AH Plus (1:100 and 1:200) were similar to the Control (p > 0.05). Histological analysis performed at 7 d did not indicate any significant difference between tissue response for all materials, and the fibrous capsule was thick (p > 0.05). At 30 d, Sealer Plus BC was similar to the Control (p > 0.05) and MTA Fillapex and AH Plus exhibited greater inflammation than the Control (p < 0.05). The fibrous capsule was thin for the Control and for most specimens of Sealer Plus BC and AH Plus. Thus, Sealer Plus BC is biocompatible when compared to MTA Fillapex and AH Plus, and it is less cytotoxic when less-diluted extracts are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Benetti
- Departament of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Estaudal Paulista - Unesp, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leticia Citelli Conti
- Departament of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Estaudal Paulista - Unesp, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariane Maffei Azuma
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, aMI, USA
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Elyassi Y, Moinzadeh AT, Kleverlaan CJ. Characterization of Leachates from 6 Root Canal Sealers. J Endod 2019; 45:623-627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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